WO2009124450A1 - 一种基于UPnP和STUN技术相结合的NAT穿越方法 - Google Patents
一种基于UPnP和STUN技术相结合的NAT穿越方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009124450A1 WO2009124450A1 PCT/CN2009/000235 CN2009000235W WO2009124450A1 WO 2009124450 A1 WO2009124450 A1 WO 2009124450A1 CN 2009000235 W CN2009000235 W CN 2009000235W WO 2009124450 A1 WO2009124450 A1 WO 2009124450A1
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- nat
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- traversal
- upnp
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000826116 Homo sapiens Single-stranded DNA-binding protein 3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100023008 Single-stranded DNA-binding protein 3 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011330 nucleic acid test Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108700023290 Stanford University protocol Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/09—Mapping addresses
- H04L61/25—Mapping addresses of the same type
- H04L61/2503—Translation of Internet protocol [IP] addresses
- H04L61/256—NAT traversal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/09—Mapping addresses
- H04L61/25—Mapping addresses of the same type
- H04L61/2503—Translation of Internet protocol [IP] addresses
- H04L61/256—NAT traversal
- H04L61/2575—NAT traversal using address mapping retrieval, e.g. simple traversal of user datagram protocol through session traversal utilities for NAT [STUN]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of computer network P2P streaming media technology, in particular to a NAT traversing method based on a combination of UPnP and STUN technologies.
- P2P Peer-to-Peer
- P2P mode since each node has the functions of a client and a server, each node sends data to other nodes while receiving data from other nodes, so that the uploading capability of the client node can greatly reduce the flow. The burden of the media server.
- NAT network address translation
- NAT can well support basic Internet applications such as web browsing.
- a general application protocol such as HTTP
- a TCP/UDP header can be converted to achieve traversal; however, it is difficult to support P2P streaming applications. The reasons include:
- the characteristics of the NAT determine that the host in the NAT can initiate a connection to the host outside the NAT. It is not allowed for the external host to directly establish a connection with the host in the NAT. This means that when the external host wants to request media data from the intranet host, the connection cannot be established. Therefore, the two hosts cannot exchange data.
- mapping relationship dynamic mapping is to establish a mapping for each session of the internal and external network hosts, but does not guarantee that the same mapping is added every time the same session. Since the communication port used by the communication node for multimedia communication in the P2P streaming media system is dynamically negotiated between the two parties when the connection is established, no matter which mapping addition method is used, the dynamic communication between multiple peer nodes in the P2P streaming media application cannot be satisfied. .
- NATs can be classified into the following types according to port mapping: Full NAT (Restricted Cone); Port Restricted Cone; Symmetric NAT, the first three NATs can be collectively referred to as Cone NATs. Their main difference is that the filtering rules for data packets passing through NAT are different.
- Tunnel-based traversal By encapsulating the data stream that needs to be traversed in a certain tunnel, thereby bypassing NAT, this is the basic idea based on tunnel traversal.
- the tunneling mechanism requires multimedia terminals and servers to support the tunnel, which is a relatively large constraint.
- UPnP.-UPnP is an extension of the plug-and-play technology in the network environment. It sends control information to the NAT device through the user control point to add port mapping to implement NAT traversal.
- UPnP does not require modifications to existing equipment, but requires a NAT-enabled gateway or router to support UPnP functionality.
- Most large-scale gateways currently support UPnP solutions and are simple to configure, so most P2P applications use UPnP technology to solve NAT traversal problems. However, it is not excluded that the gateway does not support the UPnP function or is disabled by the administrator in some network environments.
- STUN STU adopts another idea to implement NAT traversal.
- the host in the internal network obtains the external address on the egress NAT through the traversal server located in the external network, and then directly uses the external address as its own when communicating with other nodes. The communication address, so that NAT traversal can be achieved.
- the biggest advantage of the STUN protocol is that there is no need to make any changes to existing NAT devices, and the STUN mode can be used in multiple NAT-connected network environments.
- the limitation of STUN is that it is not suitable for supporting the traversal of TCP connections, and the STU protocol does not support the traversal of symmetric NAT.
- NAT traversal methods based on traversal agents, forwarding servers (TURN), and application layer gateways (ALGs).
- the object of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and the present invention breaks through the single traversing method conventionally used in the prior art, and proposes a NAT traversing method based on the combination of UPnP and STUN technologies, which adopts two traversing methods.
- a method of estimating the port mapping distribution based on the sample value estimation based on NAT to add port mapping (referred to as port addition sample estimation) is proposed for port guessing to avoid The blindness caused by the forwarding of the three-party proxy and the blindness of the simple port incremental guessing method;
- the communication parties in the P2P streaming media system are located behind the NAT, it is proposed to use the ordinary communication node with sufficient bandwidth in the external network to act as the secondary relay node.
- the method (referred to as node relay assistance) mitigates the pressure on the relay server, thereby effectively eliminating system communication bottlenecks.
- a step of the NAT traversal method based on the combination of UPnP and STUN techniques of the present invention includes:
- the user node joining the P2P streaming media system first broadcasts a message for searching the UPnP device through the simple service discovery protocol SSDP on the intranet:
- name is “WANIPConnection” and type is “service”, which means searching for UPnP service;
- the name is the control command AddPortMapping to the UPnP device, and args is a number of parameters required by the UPnP standard.
- the user node can establish a connection with the external network node to perform data interaction, thereby implementing NAT traversal;
- extIP and extPort are the NAT external IP and port obtained by STUN traversal, and natType is the NAT type judged during the traversal process.
- the step (3) further includes:
- NAT is a cone NAT
- the user node communicates with other nodes by using the obtained external address port to implement NAT traversal;
- the user node uses the port to add a sample estimation method to perform NAT traversal.
- the port adds a sample estimation method, and the steps thereof include: After the symmetric NAT, the user node initiates three connections to the STUN server located in the external network, and obtains the mapping port added by the connection through the server feedback, and sets it as ⁇ , corpse 2 , 3 , and the user node changes according to the three numbers. Do the following:
- the user node initiates a TV-3 connection to the STUN server again, and together with the three mapped ports that are initially obtained, form a sample observation value of the TV, and sets the sample observation value to be included in the [ ] interval, and divides the interval into a sub-interval ( ⁇
- each subinterval ( , ⁇ ( ⁇ ..., ⁇ -1) contain ⁇ observations, which are obtained according to the definition of Bernoulli's law of large numbers and probability density:
- the graph of ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the distribution histogram of the port map population on [ ].
- the NAT traversal method based on the UPnP and STUN technologies further includes a node relay assisting method. If both the communication parties in the P2P streaming media system are located after the NAT, the user node allows a part of the bandwidth to be located at the ordinary communication node of the external network.
- the auxiliary relay node referred to as node relay assistance, relieves the pressure on the relay server.
- the external network node joining the P2P streaming media system first registers with the relay server, and the relay server reserves a list of external network nodes;
- the relay server uses the heartbeat mechanism to detect the registered external network node, and selects the M nodes with the smallest RTT as the relay auxiliary candidate node;
- the relay server When the intranet user node registers with the relay server, the relay server registers the user node information, and transmits a list of the external network nodes to the user node;
- the intranet user node randomly selects N (N ⁇ M) external network nodes to initiate a connection, and selects the node with the smallest RTT as its own secondary relay node, and simultaneously sends registration information to the secondary relay node;
- Point information when the user node communicates with other post-NAT nodes, first query the registration list of the relay auxiliary node, and if the communication node is in the registration list of the relay auxiliary node, use the auxiliary relay node to relay, otherwise use Relay server relay.
- UPnP and STUN are effectively combined. After the failure of UPnP to traverse NAT, the STUN method is used to perform secondary traversal of NAT. By taking advantage of the advantages of the two traversal methods, the success rate of traversal is effectively improved.
- port addition sample estimation a method of estimating the port mapping distribution based on the sample value estimation of port mapping based on NAT (referred to as port addition sample estimation) is proposed for port guessing to avoid defects and simple port increment caused by third-party proxy forwarding. The blindness of the guessing method.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art P2P streaming media system including NAT;
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a NAT traversal method based on the combination of UPnP and STUN technologies according to the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a sample distribution histogram example obtained by the port adding sample estimation method according to the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a node relay assisting method according to the present invention
- Flow chart Flow chart. detailed description
- the present invention proposes a combined NAT traversal method, which effectively combines the two commonly used traversal methods ⁇ UPnP and STUN. After the UPnP traverses the NAT failure, the STUN method is used to perform secondary traversal of the NAT.
- the advantages of each method of crossing are effective to improve the success rate of crossing.
- the architecture of a P2P streaming media system with NAT is shown in Figure 1.
- the data source server and the data relay server are responsible for the streaming and forwarding of media data.
- the index server serves as the central index server of the P2P network in the area to store information of all nodes in the P2P network in the area.
- User communication nodes A and B are located in an internal LAN behind NAT device A
- user communication nodes C and D are located in another internal LAN behind NAT device B
- user communication node E is an external network node.
- the communication node E is to request data from the communication node A. Due to the existence of the NAT, the connection cannot be directly established, and the data request of the E is filtered by the NAT device A, so the communication node A is to perform NAT traversal.
- the communication node A first uses the UPnP method to add a port mapping, and if successful, can establish a connection with the external network node E.
- the specific steps of the method include:
- the user node A newly joining the P2P streaming media system first passes the Simple Service Discovery Protocol SSDP. Broadcasting search for UPnP devices in the intranet:
- name should be "WANIPConnection” and type "service”, which means searching for UPnP service;
- node A If the search for the UPnP service is successful, node A sends a request to add a port mapping to the control URL of the NAT gateway through the Simple Object Access Protocol SOAP:
- the name is the control command AddPortMapping to the UPnP device, and args is a number of parameters required by the UPnP standard.
- the user node A can establish a connection with the external network node E to perform data interaction, thereby implementing NAT traversal;
- the step (3) further includes:
- NAT is another three kinds of tapered NATs other than symmetric NAT, in the future, the user node A can use the obtained external address port to communicate with the external network node E to implement NAT traversal;
- the node A adopts the port adding sample estimation method to implement NAT traversal, and the port adds a sample estimation method, and the steps include: - the node A located after the symmetric NAT sequentially initiates to the STUN server located in the external network Three times of connection, and through the server feedback to get the mapping port added by the three connections, set, corpse 2 , P 3 , according to the change rule of these three numbers to do the following:
- the graph is the distribution histogram of the port mapping population on the whole (as shown in Figure 3).
- the communication node A wants to request data from the communication node C. Since both parties cannot establish a connection directly after the NAT, the relay assistance method proposed by the present invention is used to forward the two by using the communication node E as a relay auxiliary node. Connection request, the steps include -
- the external network node that joins the P2P streaming media system E first registers with the relay server, and the relay server reserves a list including the external network E nodes;
- the relay server When the intranet node A registers with the relay server, the relay server registers the information of the node A, and simultaneously transmits a list including the external network node E;
- the intranet node A selects the node E with the smallest round trip delay as its own auxiliary relay node, and sends registration information to it at the same time;
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
Description
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011503325A JP5185435B2 (ja) | 2008-04-11 | 2009-03-05 | UPnPとSTUNを組み合わせることに基づくNAT越え方法 |
US12/937,337 US8560607B2 (en) | 2008-04-11 | 2009-05-03 | Method based on the combination of the UPnP and STUN for NAT traversal |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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CN200810103849.6A CN101557388B (zh) | 2008-04-11 | 2008-04-11 | 一种基于UPnP和STUN技术相结合的NAT穿越方法 |
CN200810103849.6 | 2008-04-11 |
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WO2009124450A1 true WO2009124450A1 (zh) | 2009-10-15 |
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PCT/CN2009/000235 WO2009124450A1 (zh) | 2008-04-11 | 2009-03-05 | 一种基于UPnP和STUN技术相结合的NAT穿越方法 |
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US (1) | US8560607B2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5185435B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101557388B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2009124450A1 (zh) |
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CN105979022B (zh) * | 2016-04-28 | 2020-10-02 | 深圳市Tcl高新技术开发有限公司 | 一种基于UPnP协议的NAT穿透方法及系统 |
CN106210092A (zh) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-12-07 | 天彩电子(深圳)有限公司 | 一种融合upnp及stun的p2p穿越方法及其系统 |
CN106210092B (zh) * | 2016-07-19 | 2019-08-06 | 天彩电子(深圳)有限公司 | 一种融合upnp及stun的p2p穿越方法及其系统 |
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CN101557388B (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
US8560607B2 (en) | 2013-10-15 |
US20110264739A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
JP5185435B2 (ja) | 2013-04-17 |
CN101557388A (zh) | 2009-10-14 |
JP2011517545A (ja) | 2011-06-09 |
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