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WO2009036145A1 - Regeneration of ammonia and carbon dioxide after scrubbing carbon dioxide with ammonium carbonate - Google Patents

Regeneration of ammonia and carbon dioxide after scrubbing carbon dioxide with ammonium carbonate Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009036145A1
WO2009036145A1 PCT/US2008/075983 US2008075983W WO2009036145A1 WO 2009036145 A1 WO2009036145 A1 WO 2009036145A1 US 2008075983 W US2008075983 W US 2008075983W WO 2009036145 A1 WO2009036145 A1 WO 2009036145A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
carbon dioxide
nahco
scrubbing
release
solution
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2008/075983
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Joanna Duncan
Christopher Mclarnon
Original Assignee
Powerspan Corp.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Powerspan Corp. filed Critical Powerspan Corp.
Priority to US12/863,250 priority Critical patent/US20110052453A1/en
Priority to PCT/US2008/081998 priority patent/WO2009091437A1/en
Publication of WO2009036145A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009036145A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/864—Removing carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/026—Preparation of ammonia from inorganic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D7/10—Preparation of bicarbonates from carbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D7/12—Preparation of carbonates from bicarbonates or bicarbonate-containing product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/151—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods and apparatuses for regenerating reactants used to remove carbon dioxide from a gas stream. 2. Description of the Related Art.
  • the invention is a method and apparatus that satisfies the need for a method and apparatus for separating out and regenerating ammonia for reuse in the carbon dioxide removal process and releasing carbon dioxide so that it can be kept out of the atmosphere.
  • the invention comprises the steps of providing a solution containing NH 4 HCO 3 / (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 made by carbon dioxide scrubbing; adding Na 2 CO 3 to precipitate NaHCO 3 and release NH 3 vapor; condensing the NH3 vapor to make reusable for carbon dioxide scrubbing; and decomposing the NaHCO 3 with heat greater than 60 degrees C to release carbon dioxide.
  • Fig. 1 is a process flow chart showing the ammonia regeneration and carbon dioxide release method of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic layout of the scrubbing apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the invention comprises the steps of providing a solution containing NH 4 HCO 3 / (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 made by carbon dioxide scrubbing; adding Na 2 CO 3 to precipitate NaHCO 3 and release NH 3 vapor; capturing the NH3 vapor to make reusable for carbon dioxide scrubbing; and decomposing the NaHCO 3 with heat greater than 60 degrees C to release carbon dioxide.
  • Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the process of the present invention.
  • the ammonium carbonate/bicarbonate solution comes from a carbon dioxide scrubbing process and apparatus with ammonium carbonate 100 that results in a solution of NH 4 HCO 3 / (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 .
  • the solution is transferred to the regeneration system to recover NH 3 and CO 2 .
  • Na 2 CO 3 is added to the NH 4 HCO 3 /(NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 solution used in the scrubbing process 100 to precipitate NaHCO 3 and release NH 3 vapor in the ammonia release step 102.
  • This can be done at elevated temperature to make the NH 3 release more efficient.
  • the NH 3 /H 2 O vapor mixture would need to be cooled or condensed or captured by other means such as absorption or adsorption prior to sending back to the carbon dioxide scrubbing process 100 mentioned above.
  • the NaHCO 3 slurry can then be heated 106 for decomposition.
  • This step may require that the solid NaHCO 3 be separated from the NH 4 HCO 3 /Na 2 CO 3 solution using a filter and rinse to avoid carrying NH 3 /NH 4 + to the decomposition reactor/ CO 2 release tank where it could be released with the CO 2 104.
  • This may also make the decomposition more efficient because one can bring over only the NaHCO 3 and create a very concentrated solution limiting the amount of water that needs to be heated.
  • the decomposition of NaHCO 3 occurs at temperatures >60 0 C and is described by the following reaction: 2NaHCO 3 ⁇ * Na 2 CO 3 + H 2 O + CO 2 T (1 )
  • the decomposition process 104 recovers the Na 2 CO 3 required to release the NH 3 and has been done commercially as part of the Solvay process to create Na 2 CO 3 . Again some cooling 108 will be required prior to returning the Na 2 CO 3 to the NH 3 recovery due to the need for the NH 3 recovery and the CO 2 recovery to operate at different temperatures.
  • the temperature values chosen are based on physical property information. This is an improvement over what others have used in the past to recover NaHCO 3 for their dry scrubbing steps. The difference is that there is not necessarily a requirement for a purge step that would remove sodium from the process. Since it is not volatile, it will not be carried out in either of the recovery steps, minimizing the need for sodium makeup.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to the present invention.
  • Ammonium carbonate/bicarbonate solution comes from a carbon dioxide scrubbing process and apparatus 204 with ammonium carbonate that results in a solution of NH 4 HCO 3 / (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 in a tank 222.
  • the solution is transferred to the regeneration system to recover NH 3 and CO 2 .
  • Na 2 CO 3 is added to the NH 4 HCO 3 /(NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 solution 222 used in the scrubbing process to precipitate NaHCO 3 and release NH 3 vapor in the NH 3 release tank 224.
  • This can be done at elevated temperature to make the NH 3 release more efficient.
  • the NH 3 /H 2 O vapor mixture would need to be cooled, condensed, or captured by other means such as absorption or adsorption 232 prior to sending back to the carbon dioxide scrubbing process.
  • the NaHCO 3 slurry can then be heated and sent to a heater 228 for decomposition.
  • This step may require that the solid NaHCO 3 be separated from the NH 4 HCO3/Na2CO3 solution using a filter and rinse to avoid carrying NH 3 /NH 4 + to the decomposition reactor/ CO2 release tank 226 where it could be released with the CO2.
  • This may also make the decomposition more efficient because one can bring over only the NaHCO3 and create a very concentrated solution limiting the amount of water that needs to be heated.
  • the decomposition process recovers the Na2CO3 required to release the NH 3 and has been done commercially as part of the Solvay process to create Na2CO3. Again some cooling with a cooler 230 will be required prior to returning the Na 2 CO 3 to the NH 3 recovery due to the need for the NH 3 recovery and the CO2 recovery to operate at different temperatures.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)

Abstract

A method and apparatus for regenerating ammonia used in a carbon dioxide scrubbing with ammonium carbonate process and releasing captured carbon dioxide by providing a solution of NH4HCO3 / (NH4)2CO3 made by carbon dioxide scrubbing; adding Na2CO3 to precipitate NaHCO3 and release NH3 vapor; condensing the NH3 vapor to make reusable for carbon dioxide scrubbing; and decomposing the NaHCO3 with heat greater than 60 degrees C to release carbon dioxide.

Description

REGENERATION OF AMMONIA AND CARBON DIOXIDE AFTER SCRUBBING CARBON DIOXIDE WITH AMMONIUM CARBONATE
BACKGROUND 1. Field of the Invention.
The invention relates to methods and apparatuses for regenerating reactants used to remove carbon dioxide from a gas stream. 2. Description of the Related Art.
The absorption of carbon dioxide into ammonium carbonate solutions has been studied for many years, and there is no doubt that ammonium carbonate solutions will capture carbon dioxide from a gas stream, including flue gas. See Mellor, J.W., "A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry," Vol. II, 1956. The added ammonia and carbon dioxide wind up in a solution of NH4HCOs/ (NH4)2CO3. What needs to be addressed and has not been solved in the prior art is, once released, can the ammonia and carbon dioxide be separated to allow the carbon dioxide to be considered sequestration ready and the ammonia to be returned to the other processes for reuse?
What is needed, therefore, is a method an apparatus for separating out and regenerating the ammonia for reuse in the carbon dioxide removal process and releasing the carbon dioxide so that it can be kept out of the atmosphere.
SUMMARY
The invention is a method and apparatus that satisfies the need for a method and apparatus for separating out and regenerating ammonia for reuse in the carbon dioxide removal process and releasing carbon dioxide so that it can be kept out of the atmosphere. The invention comprises the steps of providing a solution containing NH4HCO3 / (NH4)2CO3 made by carbon dioxide scrubbing; adding Na2CO3 to precipitate NaHCO3 and release NH3 vapor; condensing the NH3 vapor to make reusable for carbon dioxide scrubbing; and decomposing the NaHCO3 with heat greater than 60 degrees C to release carbon dioxide. These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, claims, and accompanying drawings. DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a process flow chart showing the ammonia regeneration and carbon dioxide release method of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic layout of the scrubbing apparatus according to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION
The invention comprises the steps of providing a solution containing NH4HCO3 / (NH4)2CO3 made by carbon dioxide scrubbing; adding Na2CO3 to precipitate NaHCO3 and release NH3 vapor; capturing the NH3 vapor to make reusable for carbon dioxide scrubbing; and decomposing the NaHCO3 with heat greater than 60 degrees C to release carbon dioxide.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the process of the present invention. The ammonium carbonate/bicarbonate solution comes from a carbon dioxide scrubbing process and apparatus with ammonium carbonate 100 that results in a solution of NH4HCO3 / (NH4)2CO3. The solution is transferred to the regeneration system to recover NH3 and CO2.
In this approach, Na2CO3 is added to the NH4HCO3/(NH4)2CO3 solution used in the scrubbing process 100 to precipitate NaHCO3 and release NH3 vapor in the ammonia release step 102. This can be done at elevated temperature to make the NH3 release more efficient. Once released, the NH3/H2O vapor mixture would need to be cooled or condensed or captured by other means such as absorption or adsorption prior to sending back to the carbon dioxide scrubbing process 100 mentioned above.
The NaHCO3 slurry can then be heated 106 for decomposition. This step may require that the solid NaHCO3 be separated from the NH4HCO3/Na2CO3 solution using a filter and rinse to avoid carrying NH3/NH4 + to the decomposition reactor/ CO2 release tank where it could be released with the CO2 104. This may also make the decomposition more efficient because one can bring over only the NaHCO3 and create a very concentrated solution limiting the amount of water that needs to be heated. The decomposition of NaHCO3 occurs at temperatures >60 0C and is described by the following reaction: 2NaHCO3 ■* Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2T (1 )
The decomposition process 104 recovers the Na2CO3 required to release the NH3 and has been done commercially as part of the Solvay process to create Na2CO3. Again some cooling 108 will be required prior to returning the Na2CO3 to the NH3 recovery due to the need for the NH3 recovery and the CO2 recovery to operate at different temperatures. The temperature values chosen are based on physical property information. This is an improvement over what others have used in the past to recover NaHCO3 for their dry scrubbing steps. The difference is that there is not necessarily a requirement for a purge step that would remove sodium from the process. Since it is not volatile, it will not be carried out in either of the recovery steps, minimizing the need for sodium makeup.
Depending on the amount of ammonium sulfate, nitrate, and chloride compounds captured in a carbon dioxide scrubbing mass transfer section, it may be necessary to purge sulfates, nitrates and chlorides from the ammonium carbonate/bicarbonate solution to the UL or LL of the carbon dioxide scrubbing mass transfer section. This would cause the CO2 to be released back into the scrubber and would also keep the amount of sulfates, nitrates, and chlorides in the ammonium carbonate scrubbing and regenerating loops to a minimum. The size of this stream will depend on the capture efficiency of the upper loop and by the amount of aerosols that are captured in the carbon dioxide scrubbing mass transfer section.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to the present invention. Ammonium carbonate/bicarbonate solution comes from a carbon dioxide scrubbing process and apparatus 204 with ammonium carbonate that results in a solution of NH4HCO3 / (NH4)2CO3 in a tank 222. The solution is transferred to the regeneration system to recover NH3 and CO2.
In this approach, Na2CO3 is added to the NH4HCO3/(NH4)2CO3 solution 222 used in the scrubbing process to precipitate NaHCO3 and release NH3 vapor in the NH3 release tank 224. This can be done at elevated temperature to make the NH3 release more efficient. Once released, the NH3/H2O vapor mixture would need to be cooled, condensed, or captured by other means such as absorption or adsorption 232 prior to sending back to the carbon dioxide scrubbing process.
The NaHCO3 slurry can then be heated and sent to a heater 228 for decomposition. This step may require that the solid NaHCO3 be separated from the NH4HCO3/Na2CO3 solution using a filter and rinse to avoid carrying NH3/NH4 + to the decomposition reactor/ CO2 release tank 226 where it could be released with the CO2. This may also make the decomposition more efficient because one can bring over only the NaHCO3 and create a very concentrated solution limiting the amount of water that needs to be heated.
The decomposition process recovers the Na2CO3 required to release the NH3 and has been done commercially as part of the Solvay process to create Na2CO3. Again some cooling with a cooler 230 will be required prior to returning the Na2CO3 to the NH3 recovery due to the need for the NH3 recovery and the CO2 recovery to operate at different temperatures.
Depending on the amount of ammonium sulfate, nitrate, and chloride compounds captured in the carbon dioxide scrubbing mass transfer section 204, it may be necessary to have a purge stream from the ammonium carbonate/bicarbonate tank 222 to the UL or LL of the carbon dioxide scrubbing mass transfer section 204. This would cause the CO2 to be released back into the scrubber and would also keep the amount of sulfates, nitrates, and chlorides in the ammonium carbonate scrubbing and regenerating loops to a minimum. The size of this stream will depend on the capture efficiency of the upper loop and by the amount of aerosols that are captured in the carbon dioxide scrubbing mass transfer section 204.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described herein, the above description is merely illustrative. Further modification of the invention herein disclosed will occur to those skilled in the respective arts and all such modifications are deemed to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMSWe claim:
1. A method for regenerating ammonia used in a carbon dioxide scrubbing with ammonium carbonate process and releasing captured carbon dioxide comprising the steps of: providing a solution containing NH4HCOs / (NH4)2CO3 made by carbon dioxide scrubbing (100); adding Na2CO3 to precipitate NaHCO3 and release NH3 vapor (102); capturing the NH3 vapor with a capture means to make the NH3 reusable for carbon dioxide scrubbing; and decomposing the NaHCO3 with heat greater than 60 degrees C (108) to release carbon dioxide (104).
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the capture means is one selected from the group consisting of cooling, condensing, absorption, and adsorption.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the decomposing step produces Na2CO3, the method further comprising the step of cooling the Na2CO3 from the decomposing step before returning to the adding Na2CO3 step.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of filtering solid NaHCO3 from the NH4HCO3 / (NH4)2CO3 solution.
5. The method of claim 4 further comprising the step of rinsing the solid NaHCO3.
6. An apparatus for regenerating ammonia used in a carbon dioxide scrubbing with ammonium carbonate process and releasing captured carbon dioxide comprising: a solution containing NH4HCO3 / (NH4)2CO3 (222); an NH3 release tank (224) receiving a stream from the NH4HCO3 / (NH4)2CO3 solution; a heater (228) for heating a stream of NaHCO3 slurry from the NH3 release tank; an NaHCO3 decomposition reactor (226) that releases CO2 at temperatures greater than 60 degrees C for decomposing NaHCO3; and a cooler (230) that cools the NaHCO3 before returning it to the NH3 release tank (224).
7. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising a CO2 scrubber mass transfer section (204).
8. The apparatus of claim 7, the CO2 scrubber mass transfer section (204) comprising: an NH3 polishing capture section; an NH3 bulk capture section; and a CO2 capture section.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 further comprising a sulfate nitrate chloride purge stream leading from the NH4HCO3 / (NH4)2CO3 solution (222) to the CO2 capture section.
10. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising filter suitable for filtering solid NaHCO3.
PCT/US2008/075983 2007-09-11 2008-09-11 Regeneration of ammonia and carbon dioxide after scrubbing carbon dioxide with ammonium carbonate WO2009036145A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/863,250 US20110052453A1 (en) 2008-01-18 2008-10-31 Removal of carbon dioxide from a flue gas stream
PCT/US2008/081998 WO2009091437A1 (en) 2008-01-18 2008-10-31 Removal of carbon dioxide from a flue gas stream

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US97132507P 2007-09-11 2007-09-11
US60/971,325 2007-09-11

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101829486A (en) * 2010-06-08 2010-09-15 叶力平 Process and system for preparing ammonia from ammonium bicarbonate by using wet process for flue gas denitration
US8354262B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2013-01-15 Codexis, Inc. Chemically modified carbonic anhydrases useful in carbon capture systems
US8354261B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2013-01-15 Codexis, Inc. Highly stable β-class carbonic anhydrases useful in carbon capture systems
US8420364B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2013-04-16 Codexis, Inc. Highly stable beta-class carbonic anhydrases useful in carbon capture systems
US20130129612A1 (en) * 2011-11-18 2013-05-23 Basf Se Process for Ion Exchange on Zeolites
CN103946159A (en) * 2011-11-18 2014-07-23 巴斯夫欧洲公司 Process for ion exchange on zeolites
US9446960B2 (en) 2011-11-18 2016-09-20 Basf Se Process for ion exchange on zeolites
CN114739861A (en) * 2022-04-07 2022-07-12 浙江大洋生物科技集团股份有限公司 Device and method for determining content of ammonium carbonate in ammonium bicarbonate

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US7255842B1 (en) * 2003-09-22 2007-08-14 United States Of America Department Of Energy Multi-component removal in flue gas by aqua ammonia
WO2008134770A1 (en) * 2007-05-01 2008-11-06 Powerspan Corp. Removal of carbon dioxide from flue gas streams using mixed ammonium/alkali solutions

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WO2006108532A1 (en) * 2005-04-08 2006-10-19 Cesarino Salomoni Co2 capture and use in organic matter digestion for methane production
WO2008134770A1 (en) * 2007-05-01 2008-11-06 Powerspan Corp. Removal of carbon dioxide from flue gas streams using mixed ammonium/alkali solutions

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101829486A (en) * 2010-06-08 2010-09-15 叶力平 Process and system for preparing ammonia from ammonium bicarbonate by using wet process for flue gas denitration
US8354262B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2013-01-15 Codexis, Inc. Chemically modified carbonic anhydrases useful in carbon capture systems
US8354261B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2013-01-15 Codexis, Inc. Highly stable β-class carbonic anhydrases useful in carbon capture systems
US8420364B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2013-04-16 Codexis, Inc. Highly stable beta-class carbonic anhydrases useful in carbon capture systems
US8512989B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2013-08-20 Codexis, Inc. Highly stable beta-class carbonic anhydrases useful in carbon capture systems
US8569031B2 (en) 2010-06-30 2013-10-29 Codexis, Inc. Chemically modified carbonic anhydrases useful in carbon capture systems
US20130129612A1 (en) * 2011-11-18 2013-05-23 Basf Se Process for Ion Exchange on Zeolites
CN103946159A (en) * 2011-11-18 2014-07-23 巴斯夫欧洲公司 Process for ion exchange on zeolites
US9446960B2 (en) 2011-11-18 2016-09-20 Basf Se Process for ion exchange on zeolites
CN107021503A (en) * 2011-11-18 2017-08-08 巴斯夫欧洲公司 The method of ion exchange on zeolite
CN114739861A (en) * 2022-04-07 2022-07-12 浙江大洋生物科技集团股份有限公司 Device and method for determining content of ammonium carbonate in ammonium bicarbonate

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