[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2009010965A2 - Biting midges repellent - Google Patents

Biting midges repellent Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2009010965A2
WO2009010965A2 PCT/IL2008/000974 IL2008000974W WO2009010965A2 WO 2009010965 A2 WO2009010965 A2 WO 2009010965A2 IL 2008000974 W IL2008000974 W IL 2008000974W WO 2009010965 A2 WO2009010965 A2 WO 2009010965A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cyhalothrin
locus
midges
culicoides
repellent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2008/000974
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2009010965A3 (en
Inventor
Yehuda Braverman
Original Assignee
Y.A.D. Bio-Agrotech Ventures Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Y.A.D. Bio-Agrotech Ventures Ltd. filed Critical Y.A.D. Bio-Agrotech Ventures Ltd.
Publication of WO2009010965A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009010965A2/en
Publication of WO2009010965A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009010965A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to insect repellents, in particular a repellent effective against midges of the Culicoides genus, more particularly a repellent effective against midges of the Culicoides imicola species.
  • Midges of the Culicoides genus are agents of dermatitis and vectors of pathogens, and considered a pest to livestock and nuisance to man. About 1400 species of Culicoides are known worldwide. Midges of the culicoides genus often bite livestock, such as horses and cattle, and in so doing, transfer pathogens which infect the livestock with diseases. For example, bluetongue in sheep and cattle, epizootic hemorrhagic disease in deer and cattle, Akabane in cattle, sheep and goats, African horse sickness, lbaraki in cattle, and bovine ephemeral fever, can all result from infection by midge-borne viruses. While such diseases can be combated by vaccination of the population at risk of infection, vaccines are pathogen-specific. Furthermore, only a few vaccines effective against arthropod-borne diseases are known.
  • repelling the biting midges provides an effective means of protecting livestock against a wide range of arthropod disease vectors and does not cause development of resistance in the arthropods.
  • Pesticides are one means of affecting such control of biting midges, by reducing their numbers.
  • pesticides do not have an immediate effect.
  • pesticides may be of limited application, due to environmental concerns, such as concomitant poisoning of pets or wild life, and the leaching of toxic residues into milk or meat obtained from the animals meant to be protected.
  • repellents such as diethyl toluamide (DEET), which are known to . be relatively safe to mammals, can be used in order to protect them from the bites of vector harboring pathogens.
  • Repellents can prevent the syndrome known as Sweet Itch, or Culicoides hypersensitivity, in horses and other farm animals.
  • DEET diethyl toluamide
  • the time during which DEET and other repellents remain effective is only a few hours, whereas midges are active throughout the night.
  • midges are active throughout the night.
  • a small proportion of the animals treated may suffer from side-effects of DEET or other repellents.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a method for repelling biting midges from potential bite victims, especially mammals, wherein the method is easy to implement, safe and environmentally innocuous, and which can provide protection from midges for eight hours or more.
  • a method for repelling midges of the Culicoides genus from a locus in need of protection from such midges comprising applying a midge-repellent effective amount of cyhalothrin to the locus in need of protection from midges.
  • Cyhalothrin also known as (R,S)- ⁇ -cyano-3-phenoxybenzyI (1R, 3R, 1S, 3S)-3 -(Z-2-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoroprop-1-enyl) - 2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxyiate, is a type Il pyrethroid containing the ⁇ -cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl moiety, and is known in the art of a toxicant for controlling flies, lice and ticks.
  • the compound is mixed with a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent prior to application to the locus.
  • the carrier, excipient or diluent may be water-based, in which case the compound is applied as an aqueous solution containing the active ingredient and an emulsifier or solubilizer.
  • the concentration of the compound in the carrier, excipient, or diluent is between about 0.5% (w/v) and 10% (w/v). In another embodiment the concentration is about 2% (w/v).
  • the compound may also be mixed with other pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable ingredients, such as emulsifiers or stabilizers, as well as other compounds known to repel midges.
  • the mixture of oils is applied to the locus as a composition containing about 2% cyhalothrin (w/v) and 98% (w/v) of an oily base comprising maize oil and volatile silicone.
  • the locus to which the compound is applied is a human being.
  • the locus is a domesticated animal, in a further embodiment of the invention, the locus is a cow.
  • the locus is a horse.
  • the locus is a sheep.
  • the locus is a goat.
  • the locus may be protected by applying cyhalothrin to a garment covering the locus or in close proximity to the locus.
  • the midges are selected from the group consisting of Culicoides imicola (an afro-asiatic species), Culicoides schultzei complex, C. obsoletus complex and C. pulica ⁇ s complex.
  • the midges are of the Culicoides imicola species.
  • the present invention also relates to a repellent effective against midges of the Culicoides genus, comprising cyhalothrin and a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of cyhalothrin in the preparation of a biting midge repellent, and to cyhalothrin for use as a biting midge repellent.
  • FIG. 1 shows the number of Culicoides imicola caught in traps fitted with bed nets which were treated with different midge repellents.
  • the present invention provides a method for repelling midges of the Culicoides genus from a locus in need of protection from such midges, comprising applying a midge-repellent effective amount of the compound cyhalothrin to the locus in need of protection from such midges.
  • cyhalothrin As a biting midge repellent.
  • One such advantage is that this mixture is not harmful to- other mammals, unlike some pesticides, and in fact, one preparation usable in the practice of the present invention (a formulation commercially available under the name Coopertix®, Cylotox ® and Cylofly ® containing about 2%(w/v) cyhalothrin and about 98% (w/v) inactive ingredients (maize oil and volatile silicone) is known as a toxicant effective against houseflies, lice and ticks but safe and effective for use with mammals
  • cyhalothrin is effective as a midge repellent for a period in excess of 8 hours. Since midges are generally active at nighttime, the long-lasting efficacy of the compound as a midge repellent enables protection of the locus (e.g., a domestic animal) from midge bites for an entire night, utilizing a single application of the repellent. The animals can thus be provided with protection from pathogens transmitted by biting midges and the dermatitis syndrome caused by such bites is thus prevented.
  • locus e.g., a domestic animal
  • cyhalothrin is applied in an embodiment of the invention to the locus to be protected in a diluted form.
  • cyhalothrin may be mixed with a diluent (such as toluene, animal or vegetable oil, or inorganic oil) or a mixture of diluents, and, optionally, a stabilizing agent or emulsifier prior to application to the locus.
  • a diluent such as toluene, animal or vegetable oil, or inorganic oil
  • stabilizing agent or emulsifier prior to application to the locus.
  • Cyhalothrin has low solubility in water, and therefore if application of cyhalothrin in the form of a water-based solution is desired, additional agents known in the art, such as emulsifiers, must be added to water to effect solubilization of the cyhalothrin.
  • the preparation containing the cyhalothrin may also contain other compounds which have midge-repellent properties.
  • the cyhalothrin may be applied in the form of other pharmaceutically and veterinarily acceptable formulations, containing various combinations of carriers, excipients and diluents, said formulations being designed for the application of active compounds to the exterior of mammals. Such formulations are well known in the art, and are not discussed here for the sake brevity.
  • the formulation contains about 2% (w/v) cyhalothrin and about 98% inert ingredients.
  • midge repellent is applied to the locus.
  • liquid formulations of low viscosity may be applied to the locus by spraying, e.g. spraying as a liquid stream or as droplets.
  • More viscous formulations may be applied by spreading the formulation across the locus of application.
  • the cyhalothrin presented in the formulation is in an amount of at least 0.5% (w/v), preferably at least 2%(w/v).
  • each rounded piece of net measured 66 cm, to enable overlap the 53 cm diameter bottom of the suction light traps.
  • the nets were stretched and fixed with a rubber band under the bottom entrance of each of the four suction light traps.
  • the mesh size permitted free entrance of the C. imicola to the trap.
  • Traps fitted with impregnated nets were operated for 12 hours from late afternoon until morning, for four nights, with trap catches sorted hourly and counted during the hours of operation. Culicoides were trapped only during the nine hours of darkness during each of these 12-hour periods.
  • the suction light traps were placed at the horse stable at the Kimron Veterinary Institute at Bet Dagan, Israel. This site is known from many years of suction light trappings to attract almost pure C. imicola samples, which have repeatedly been found to breed in the damp horse manure under the water troughs of the horses.
  • the traps were fitted with mercury vapor lamps, which in combination with the horses in the stable served as the main attractants for C. imicola.
  • Figure 1 summarizes the results of these experiments (averaged over all nights). As can be seen in Figure 1 , significant differences (probability P ⁇ 0.0001) between the numbers of midges caught in each of the nets were observed.
  • the untreated control trap caught significantly (P ⁇ 0.05) more C .imicola than the DEET, neem or cyhalothrin treated traps during the first three hours of operation.
  • the neem (Ag-100) and DEET treated traps caught significantly (P ⁇ 0.05) fewer midges than the untreated trap, but the cyhalothrin treated trap caught significantly (P ⁇ 0.05) fewer midges than even the DEET - and neem-treated traps.
  • cyhalothrin was the only preparation that exerted a repellent effect throughout the night.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to insect repellents, in particular a repellent effective against midges of the genus Culicoides, more particularly a repellent effective against midges of the species Culicoides imicola. In one embodiment of the invention, there is provided a method for repelling midges of the genus Culicoides from a locus in need of protection from midges, comprising applying a midge-repellent effective amount of cyhalothrin to the locus in need of protection from midges.

Description

BITING MIDGES REPELLENT
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The invention relates to insect repellents, in particular a repellent effective against midges of the Culicoides genus, more particularly a repellent effective against midges of the Culicoides imicola species.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Midges of the Culicoides genus are agents of dermatitis and vectors of pathogens, and considered a pest to livestock and nuisance to man. About 1400 species of Culicoides are known worldwide. Midges of the culicoides genus often bite livestock, such as horses and cattle, and in so doing, transfer pathogens which infect the livestock with diseases. For example, bluetongue in sheep and cattle, epizootic hemorrhagic disease in deer and cattle, Akabane in cattle, sheep and goats, African horse sickness, lbaraki in cattle, and bovine ephemeral fever, can all result from infection by midge-borne viruses. While such diseases can be combated by vaccination of the population at risk of infection, vaccines are pathogen-specific. Furthermore, only a few vaccines effective against arthropod-borne diseases are known.
[0003] Alternatively, repelling the biting midges, so as to prevent bites from occurring, provides an effective means of protecting livestock against a wide range of arthropod disease vectors and does not cause development of resistance in the arthropods. Pesticides are one means of affecting such control of biting midges, by reducing their numbers. However, pesticides do not have an immediate effect. Furthermore, pesticides may be of limited application, due to environmental concerns, such as concomitant poisoning of pets or wild life, and the leaching of toxic residues into milk or meat obtained from the animals meant to be protected.
[0004] Instead of pesticides, repellents, such as diethyl toluamide (DEET), which are known to.be relatively safe to mammals, can be used in order to protect them from the bites of vector harboring pathogens. Repellents can prevent the syndrome known as Sweet Itch, or Culicoides hypersensitivity, in horses and other farm animals. However, the time during which DEET and other repellents remain effective is only a few hours, whereas midges are active throughout the night. Furthermore, a small proportion of the animals treated may suffer from side-effects of DEET or other repellents. There is thus a need for alternative effective means for repelling biting midges throughout the period of their activity, which means are safer to both animals and the environment.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The present invention seeks to provide a method for repelling biting midges from potential bite victims, especially mammals, wherein the method is easy to implement, safe and environmentally innocuous, and which can provide protection from midges for eight hours or more.
[0006] There is provided, in an embodiment of the invention, a method for repelling midges of the Culicoides genus from a locus in need of protection from such midges, comprising applying a midge-repellent effective amount of cyhalothrin to the locus in need of protection from midges.
[0007] Cyhalothrin, also known as (R,S)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyI (1R, 3R, 1S, 3S)-3 -(Z-2-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoroprop-1-enyl) - 2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxyiate, is a type Il pyrethroid containing the α -cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl moiety, and is known in the art of a toxicant for controlling flies, lice and ticks.
[0008] It has also been reported that this compound functions as a midge toxicant (braverman et al., Medical and Veterinary Entomology 9:443 (1995)). Until the discovery of the present invention, however, it was not known that this compound, as well as preparations containing it, had a repellent effect on biting midges.
[0009] In one embodiment of the invention, the compound is mixed with a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent prior to application to the locus. The carrier, excipient or diluent may be water-based, in which case the compound is applied as an aqueous solution containing the active ingredient and an emulsifier or solubilizer. In an embodiment of the invention, the concentration of the compound in the carrier, excipient, or diluent is between about 0.5% (w/v) and 10% (w/v). In another embodiment the concentration is about 2% (w/v). [0010] In addition to the carrier, excipient, or diluent, the compound may also be mixed with other pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable ingredients, such as emulsifiers or stabilizers, as well as other compounds known to repel midges. Thus, in an embodiment of the present invention, the mixture of oils is applied to the locus as a composition containing about 2% cyhalothrin (w/v) and 98% (w/v) of an oily base comprising maize oil and volatile silicone.
[0011] In an embodiment of the invention, the locus to which the compound is applied is a human being. In another embodiment of the invention, the locus is a domesticated animal, in a further embodiment of the invention, the locus is a cow. In another embodiment of the invention the locus is a horse. In another embodiment of the invention the locus is a sheep. In yet another embodiment of the invention the locus is a goat.
[0012] In another embodiment of the invention, the locus may be protected by applying cyhalothrin to a garment covering the locus or in close proximity to the locus.
[0013] In another embodiment of the invention, the midges are selected from the group consisting of Culicoides imicola (an afro-asiatic species), Culicoides schultzei complex, C. obsoletus complex and C. pulicaήs complex.
[0014] In a further embodiment of the invention, the midges are of the Culicoides imicola species.
[0015] The present invention also relates to a repellent effective against midges of the Culicoides genus, comprising cyhalothrin and a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.
[0016] The present invention also relates to the use of cyhalothrin in the preparation of a biting midge repellent, and to cyhalothrin for use as a biting midge repellent.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
[0017] The present invention will be understood and appreciated more fully from the following detailed description, taken in conduction with the drawing in which: [0018] FIG. 1 shows the number of Culicoides imicola caught in traps fitted with bed nets which were treated with different midge repellents.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0019] As stated, the present invention provides a method for repelling midges of the Culicoides genus from a locus in need of protection from such midges, comprising applying a midge-repellent effective amount of the compound cyhalothrin to the locus in need of protection from such midges.
[0020] There are several advantages to using cyhalothrin as a biting midge repellent. One such advantage is that this mixture is not harmful to- other mammals, unlike some pesticides, and in fact, one preparation usable in the practice of the present invention (a formulation commercially available under the name Coopertix®, Cylotox® and Cylofly® containing about 2%(w/v) cyhalothrin and about 98% (w/v) inactive ingredients (maize oil and volatile silicone) is known as a toxicant effective against houseflies, lice and ticks but safe and effective for use with mammals
[0021] Another advantage is that it has been found that cyhalothrin is effective as a midge repellent for a period in excess of 8 hours. Since midges are generally active at nighttime, the long-lasting efficacy of the compound as a midge repellent enables protection of the locus (e.g., a domestic animal) from midge bites for an entire night, utilizing a single application of the repellent. The animals can thus be provided with protection from pathogens transmitted by biting midges and the dermatitis syndrome caused by such bites is thus prevented.
[0022] The cyhalothrin is applied in an embodiment of the invention to the locus to be protected in a diluted form. For example, cyhalothrin may be mixed with a diluent (such as toluene, animal or vegetable oil, or inorganic oil) or a mixture of diluents, and, optionally, a stabilizing agent or emulsifier prior to application to the locus. Such diluents, stabilizing agents and emulsifiers are well-known in the art and will be readily appreciated by skilled artisans. Cyhalothrin has low solubility in water, and therefore if application of cyhalothrin in the form of a water-based solution is desired, additional agents known in the art, such as emulsifiers, must be added to water to effect solubilization of the cyhalothrin. The preparation containing the cyhalothrin may also contain other compounds which have midge-repellent properties. As will readily be appreciated by the skilled artisan, the cyhalothrin may be applied in the form of other pharmaceutically and veterinarily acceptable formulations, containing various combinations of carriers, excipients and diluents, said formulations being designed for the application of active compounds to the exterior of mammals. Such formulations are well known in the art, and are not discussed here for the sake brevity. In an embodiment of the invention the formulation contains about 2% (w/v) cyhalothrin and about 98% inert ingredients.
[0023] The way in which the midge repellent is applied to the locus will depend on the formulation employed. Thus, for example, liquid formulations of low viscosity may be applied to the locus by spraying, e.g. spraying as a liquid stream or as droplets. More viscous formulations may be applied by spreading the formulation across the locus of application.
[0024] The cyhalothrin presented in the formulation is in an amount of at least 0.5% (w/v), preferably at least 2%(w/v).
EXAMPLES Example 1 Experimental Procedures
[0025] The following procedure was used to demonstrate the efficacy of cyhalothrin as a midge repellent. Rounded pieces of polyester bed nets, each of size 0.34 m2, containing 14 holes per square inch, each hole of diameter -1.3 mm, were weighed. Some of the nets were than immersed in a solution containing an active ingredient (Coopertix® solution containing cyhalothrin, a solution containing 15 wt.% DEET, or a neem oil-based solution containing 4.5 wt.% azadirachtin) for 30 minutes, dried for another 30 minutes, and fixed on the bottom of suction traps of the kind described by DuToit, Onderstekpoort Journal of Veterinary Sience and Animal Industry, 19 (1944), 7-16: The nets which were not immersed in the solution were similarly mounted and served as controls. The amount of preparation absorbed was calculated as g/m2 net, according the W.H.O. method described by Schreck & Self (World Health Organization document WHOΛ/BC/85.914).
[0026] The diameter of each rounded piece of net measured 66 cm, to enable overlap the 53 cm diameter bottom of the suction light traps. The nets were stretched and fixed with a rubber band under the bottom entrance of each of the four suction light traps. The mesh size permitted free entrance of the C. imicola to the trap. Traps fitted with impregnated nets were operated for 12 hours from late afternoon until morning, for four nights, with trap catches sorted hourly and counted during the hours of operation. Culicoides were trapped only during the nine hours of darkness during each of these 12-hour periods.
[0027] The suction light traps were placed at the horse stable at the Kimron Veterinary Institute at Bet Dagan, Israel. This site is known from many years of suction light trappings to attract almost pure C. imicola samples, which have repeatedly been found to breed in the damp horse manure under the water troughs of the horses. The traps were fitted with mercury vapor lamps, which in combination with the horses in the stable served as the main attractants for C. imicola.
[0028] Two of the four nets, namely untreated (negative control) and impregnated with 15 wt% DEET (positive control), served as controls. The location of the four traps fitted with bed nets of the various treatments were randomized for four nights in a latin-square design. Analyses of variance tests were performed with the general linear model (GLM) of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute, 1982), followed by Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) test for the separation of means.
Experimental Results
[0029] Figure 1 summarizes the results of these experiments (averaged over all nights). As can be seen in Figure 1 , significant differences (probability P < 0.0001) between the numbers of midges caught in each of the nets were observed. The untreated control trap caught significantly (P < 0.05) more C .imicola than the DEET, neem or cyhalothrin treated traps during the first three hours of operation. During the fourth hour of operation, the neem (Ag-100) and DEET treated traps caught significantly (P<0.05) fewer midges than the untreated trap, but the cyhalothrin treated trap caught significantly (P<0.05) fewer midges than even the DEET - and neem-treated traps. Overall, cyhalothrin was the only preparation that exerted a repellent effect throughout the night.
[0030] It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present invention is not restricted to the embodiments which have been particularly described hereinabove, but that many modifications and variations thereof may be made, without departing from the spirit of the invention or its scope as defined in the preceding description and in the appended claims.

Claims

What is claimed is:
I. A method for repelling midges of the Culicoides genus from a locus in need of protection from midges, comprising applying a midge-repellent effective amount of cyhalothrin to said locus in need of protection from midges.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein said cyhalothrin is mixed with pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent prior to application to the locus.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the carrier is oil-based.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein said carrier further comprises at least one additional component selected from the group of emulsifiers and stabilizers.
5. A method according to claim 2, wherein said cyhalothrin is applied as an aqueous solution containing an emulsifϊer or stabilizer.
6. A method according to claim 2, wherein said cyhalothrin is applied to the locus as a composition containing about 0.5-10% cyhalothrin (w/v).
7. A method according to claim 6, wherein said cyhalothrin is applied as a composition containing about 2% cyhalothrin (w/v) and about 98% inert ingredients comprising maize and volatile silicone.
8. A method according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of said cyhalothrin in the carrier, excipient or diluent is between about 0.5% and 10% (w/v).
9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the concentration of said cyhalothrin in the carrier, excipient or diluent is about 2% (w/v).
10. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the locus to which said cyhalothrin is applied is a human being.
I I. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the locus to which said cyhalothrin is applied is a domesticated animal.
12. A method according to claim 11 , wherein said locus is a cow.
13. A method according to claim 11 , wherein said locus is a horse.
14. A method according to claim 11 , wherein said locus is a sheep.
15. A method according to claim 11 , wherein said locus is a goat.
16. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the midges are selected from the group consisting of Culicoids imicola, C. obsoletus complex, C. pulicaris complex and the C. schulzei complex.
17. A method according to claim 16, wherein the midges are of the Culicoides imicola species.
18. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the locus is protected by applying said cyhalothrin to a garment covering the locus or in close proximity to said locus.
19. A biting midge repellent for repelling midges of the Culicoides genus comprising cyhalothrin.
20. A formulation for controlling or repelling midges of the Culicoides genus, comprising cyhalothrin and a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.
21. The use of a cyhalothrin in the preparation of a biting midge repellent for repelling midges of the Culicoides genus, substantially as described in the specification.
22. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, substantially as hereinbefore described.
23. A kit comprising cyhalothrin for the repelling midges of the Culicoides genus.
PCT/IL2008/000974 2007-07-16 2008-07-14 Biting midges repellent WO2009010965A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US92988107P 2007-07-16 2007-07-16
US60/929,881 2007-07-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009010965A2 true WO2009010965A2 (en) 2009-01-22
WO2009010965A3 WO2009010965A3 (en) 2010-02-25

Family

ID=40260180

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IL2008/000974 WO2009010965A2 (en) 2007-07-16 2008-07-14 Biting midges repellent

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2009010965A2 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110878308A (en) * 2019-12-03 2020-03-13 福州国际旅行卫生保健中心(福州海关口岸门诊部) The specific gene of Culicoides ternata and its identification method by bimolecular marker
CN111378764A (en) * 2020-04-14 2020-07-07 遵义医科大学 Identification method of seven species of coe (coe of species) genes based on coe (cytochrome oxidase I) vector culicoides

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5045536A (en) * 1986-06-07 1991-09-03 Baker Ivor P Liquid formulations
US20050008656A1 (en) * 2003-07-08 2005-01-13 Sarah Meredith Compositions and methods for an orally administered inhibitor of biting insects

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5045536A (en) * 1986-06-07 1991-09-03 Baker Ivor P Liquid formulations
US20050008656A1 (en) * 2003-07-08 2005-01-13 Sarah Meredith Compositions and methods for an orally administered inhibitor of biting insects

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BRAVERMAN, Y. ET AL.: 'Susceptibility of Culiocoides imicola to cyhalothrin.' MEDICAL VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY vol. 9, October 1995, page 443 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110878308A (en) * 2019-12-03 2020-03-13 福州国际旅行卫生保健中心(福州海关口岸门诊部) The specific gene of Culicoides ternata and its identification method by bimolecular marker
CN111378764A (en) * 2020-04-14 2020-07-07 遵义医科大学 Identification method of seven species of coe (coe of species) genes based on coe (cytochrome oxidase I) vector culicoides

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2009010965A3 (en) 2010-02-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1667698B1 (en) Insect repellent
Mumcuoglu et al. Repellency of essential oils and their components to the human body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus
US9545100B2 (en) Pesticidal compositions for insects and arthropods
Khater et al. The acaricidal efficacy of peracetic acid and deltamethrin against the fowl tick, Argas persicus, infesting laying hens
CN106999529B (en) Compositions and methods for attracting mosquitoes and repelling sand flies
WO2012018250A1 (en) Method for repelling and/or controlling pests
RU2302858C2 (en) Parasiticidal compositions and methods for their application
Hu et al. Lethal and sublethal effects of imidacloprid on apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh (Dipt., Tephritidae)
Mehlhorn et al. Life cycle and attacks of ectoparasites on ruminants during the year in Central Europe: recommendations for treatment with insecticides (eg, Butox®)
RU2384065C2 (en) Insect-acaricide agent
WO2009010965A2 (en) Biting midges repellent
Mehlhorn et al. Effects of Bayofly™ on specimens of Culicoides species when incubated in hair taken from the feet of previously treated cattle and sheep
US7988985B2 (en) Pest repellent compositions and methods
JP2003313104A (en) Spot-on agent for exterminating ectoparasite on animal
Schmahl et al. Effects of permethrin (Flypor®) and fenvalerate (Acadrex® 60, Arkofly®) on Culicoides species—the vector of bluetongue virus
JP4235473B2 (en) Communication disruptor and communication disruption method
WO2017096381A1 (en) Methods and apparatus for management of mosquito populations with habitat sharing heterospecific insects carrying insect growth regulators
RU2657752C1 (en) Insectoacaricide agent for treatment and control of carnivores ectoparasitoses
Murchie et al. DEET (N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide)/PMD (para-menthane-3, 8-diol) repellent-treated mesh increases Culicoides catches in light traps
Keane The use of piperonyl butoxide in formulations for the control of pests of humans, domestic pets and food animals
Reifenrath Laboratory and field studies of C8910, a fatty-acid–based insect/arthropod repellent and biopesticide
TWI767450B (en) Surfactant composition for controlling or preventing insects and method using the same
Anderson Preventing Lyme disease
CN101380017B (en) Method for controlling ectoparasites of warm-blooded animals by combining amitraz and bifenthrin
Lehmann Use of attractant and repellent semiochemicals to manage stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)) populations on pastured cattle using a push-pull strategy

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 08763707

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 08763707

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2