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WO2008151484A1 - Système de petite dérivation d'un ensemble générateur et procédé de commande associé - Google Patents

Système de petite dérivation d'un ensemble générateur et procédé de commande associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008151484A1
WO2008151484A1 PCT/CN2007/003431 CN2007003431W WO2008151484A1 WO 2008151484 A1 WO2008151484 A1 WO 2008151484A1 CN 2007003431 W CN2007003431 W CN 2007003431W WO 2008151484 A1 WO2008151484 A1 WO 2008151484A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bypass
small
small bypass
bypass system
steam
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2007/003431
Other languages
English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Weizhong Feng
Original Assignee
Shanghai Waigaoqiao No.3 Power Generation Co.Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shanghai Waigaoqiao No.3 Power Generation Co.Ltd filed Critical Shanghai Waigaoqiao No.3 Power Generation Co.Ltd
Priority to EP07845793.4A priority Critical patent/EP2175104B1/fr
Publication of WO2008151484A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008151484A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/48—Devices or arrangements for removing water, minerals or sludge from boilers ; Arrangement of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
    • F22B37/52—Washing-out devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines

Definitions

  • Generator group small bypass system and control method thereof
  • the present invention relates to the field of electric heat engines and thermal automation, and in particular to a small bypass system and a control method thereof. Background technique
  • the coal-fired generating unit mainly consists of three main engines: boiler, steam turbine and generator.
  • the bulky boiler has a large inertia due to its state change and a slower change rate.
  • the speed of change of the steam turbine's speed and output state is much faster than the state of the boiler.
  • the bypass system is an indispensable part of the coordinated operation of the two. '
  • the large-capacity bypass of domestic and foreign coal-fired generating units includes 100% capacity bypass, which is directly taken from the boiler superheater header outlet pipe near the boiler side and then connected to the reheater cold section, which leads to the side of the reheater. Only a small amount of new steam passes through all main steam lines from the valve to the turbine. On the one hand, it is easy to cause the temperature of this section of the pipeline to be low, and in the operating condition, this section is the pipeline with the highest temperature in the entire steam-water cycle. Therefore, the oxidation phenomenon in this section of the pipeline is generally quite serious. In the cold start condition, the thermal shock causes the scale falling off inside the pipe to directly enter the turbine high pressure cylinder, causing great damage to the turbine blade.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a small bypass applied to the thermal power generating set in the starting stage, protecting the high side valve and solving the problem that the main steam line has a small steam flow. system.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a control method for the above small bypass system.
  • the present invention provides a small bypass system, including: the generator set includes at least a boiler, a steam turbine, and a main steam pipe connecting the boiler and the steam turbine, a large bypass system, the main steam A small bypass system is provided adjacent the turbine at the turbine, the small bypass system including a small bypass steam conduit and at least one small bypass regulator valve.
  • the small bypass regulating valve is a small capacity desuperheating pressure regulating valve
  • the small bypass steam pipe is further provided with a shutoff valve before and/or after the small bypass regulating valve.
  • the flow rate of the small bypass system is 1% to 50% of the flow rate of the main steam pipe.
  • the flow rate of the small bypass system is 5% to 30% of the flow rate of the main steam pipe.
  • the invention also provides a small bypass system control method, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Before the large bypass system of the generator set is opened, first open a small bypass shut-off valve, and gradually open the small bypass regulating valve to pass the main steam from the boiler through the small bypass system. Discharging to the reheat system of the genset until the small bypass system reaches a maximum flow rate;
  • Step 2 after the small bypass system reaches the maximum flow rate, quickly adjust the large bypass system to an opening corresponding to the maximum flow of the small bypass, and simultaneously close the small bypass regulating valve, so that The flow of the small bypass system is quickly switched to the large bypass system;
  • Step 3 After the large bypass system gradually reaches a large opening degree, the small bypass regulating valve is gradually opened again to the maximum flow rate.
  • step 4 is further included, after the load of the generator set is gradually increased, Firstly closing the small bypass regulating valve, and then gradually closing the large bypass system until the steam flow in the large bypass system is slightly smaller than the maximum flow of the small bypass system, rapidly closing the a large bypass system; and simultaneously opening the small bypass system, switching the steam flow in the large bypass system to the small bypass system, and then closing the small bypass control valve until The steam flow rate of the entire bypass system is zero; the main steam pressure of the genset remains substantially stable throughout the fourth operation.
  • the operation steps of the small bypass may be opposite to the starting process of the unit, which is step 4 to step one.
  • the opening and closing operations of the small bypass system and the coordination with the large bypass system are controlled by a program control mode.
  • the small bypass regulating valve and the valve of the large bypass system together constitute a first bypass valve group and a second bypass valve group respectively located on the two inlet sides of the steam turbine;
  • the bypass valve group Before preparing to start the flushing, the bypass valve group may be first alternately opened and closed, the first bypass valve group is first opened, and the second valve group is closed, so that the boiler outlet is connected in the header The steam is discharged only on one side of the first bypass valve group in an open state; then, after the first bypass valve group is kept in an open state for a predetermined period of time, the first bypass valve group is closed, and simultaneously Opening the second bypass valve group such that the steam in the header is discharged only through the second bypass valve group in an open state; thereafter, maintaining the second bypass valve group is open After the state is a predetermined period of time, the alternate opening and closing operations are ended, and the normal control mode is switched; the main steam pressure of the genset remains substantially stable during the alternate opening and closing operations.
  • the invention only adds a small bypass system in the existing generator set, so that the large bypass valve can be prevented from operating at a small opening degree, and the foreign matter such as oxide scale falling off in the boiler is greatly alleviated to the large bypass valve spool.
  • the erosion while the steam of a certain flow enters the cold section through the small bypass system, improves the heating pipe efficiency of the main steam pipe in the section, and allows the scale falling off in the main steam pipe during the start-up phase to be eliminated by the small bypass system. , reducing the solid particle erosion of the turbine. Improve the safety of the unit.
  • the steam in the pipeline and the steam generated in the furnace can be basically synchronized, which shortens the startup time of the unit.
  • the technical purpose of protecting the large bypass valve spool is obtained.
  • the small bypass system is simple to install and debug, low in cost, and wide Universal applicability.
  • the small bypass system control method of the present invention because a small bypass system is added in the existing unit, so that a certain flow of steam enters the cold re-segment through the small bypass system, and the main steam pipe can obtain a large amount of steam heating pipe. A warm pipe for the pipe is realized. During the start-up phase of the unit, there are more solid particles, and the flushing of the large bypass valve spool is more serious. Due to the addition of the small bypass system, the small bypass control valve is opened in the startup phase and the large bypass valve does not operate. It is reasonable to avoid damage to the large bypass valve spool by the scale inside the pipe and the foreign matter of solid particles.
  • the small bypass regulating valve body itself is small, and the price is much lower than that of the large bypass valve, because at the same time, the small bypass regulating valve
  • the shut-off valve can also be installed before or after. After the start, the front or rear stop valve can seal well. Even if the small bypass control valve has cracks or wounds, it will not cause air leakage and will not affect. The economics of the unit operation.
  • the small bypass can be opened at the start of the startup, and the small bypass can be integrated into the startup process control of the original large bypass, so that the steam flows through the small bypass first, which greatly increases the impulse of steam in the pipeline. It can remove solid particles accumulated in this pipeline, reduce the erosion of solid particles of steam turbine, and improve the safety of the unit.
  • the small bypass regulating valve can be operated together with the large bypass valve, and the one-side opening and closing action is first performed, and the large bypass valve is protected during the continuous opening and closing process.
  • the small bypass regulating valve can be opened first to avoid the steam after the throttling to flush the large bypass valve. If it is hot and extremely hot, the large bypass valve should be opened first to avoid overcooling.
  • the soda water enters the high-temperature pipeline to cause a large amount of scale in the pipeline to fall off. The above steps are used to reduce the generation of scale in the header, which has a good punching effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of a unit of a small bypass system to which the present invention is applied;
  • FIG 2 is a schematic block diagram of the starting process of the unit shown in Figure 1. (Small bypass valve in the figure refers to small bypass regulation)
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of a unit employing the small bypass system of the present invention.
  • the thermal power unit at least two main engines are included: the steam turbine 12 and the boiler 1 and the piping system, and the bypass system is the main component of the two main engines.
  • the water vapor from the boiler 1 enters the superheater outlet header 5 through the superheater 2, and then enters the high pressure cylinder (not shown) of the steam turbine 12 through the main steam pipeline 13 through the steam turbine 12 to perform work, exhausting steam After the cold section 4 enters the reheater 3 in the boiler.
  • the large bypass is located between the boiler outlet header 5 and the reheater cold section 4.
  • the large bypass includes large bypass valves 6, 7, 8 respectively located on both sides of the boiler superheater outlet header. 9 and a communication pipe connected to the reheater cold section;
  • the invention is characterized in that a small bypass system is installed on the main steam pipe near the steam turbine 12 side and the reheater cold section 4, this embodiment
  • the small bypass system includes two small bypass regulating valves 10, 11 and a communication pipe respectively located on both sides of the high pressure cylinder of the steam turbine 12.
  • the small bypass system's regulating valve is not required to have a quick opening and closing function. The regulating valve is only used during the start and stop phases of the unit and is not required to withstand the full pressure of the unit.
  • the present invention also provides a control method of the above small bypass system.
  • the large bypass valve In normal operating conditions, steam enters the high pressure cylinder of the turbine 12 through the main steam line 13 to perform work.
  • the large bypass valve In the start-up phase of the unit, the large bypass valve begins to open.
  • the small bypass system of the present invention first opens the small bypass control valve before the large bypass valves 6, 7, 8, 9 are opened.
  • the system that is, slowly opening the small bypass regulating valve 10, 1 1, so that the steam from the boiler 1 passes through the superheater outlet header 5 through the small bypass regulating valve 10, 1 1 into the reheater cold section pipe until the small bypass
  • the system is open; in this embodiment, the flow of the small bypass system is 20% of the steam flow in the unit, so it is also referred to as the 20% small bypass system.
  • the main steam line of the unit from the large bypass valve to the small bypass regulating valve section is preheated in the starting stage, and the solid particles and the scale are also removed.
  • a large amount of solid particles are first discharged through the small bypass regulating valve at the beginning of the startup, which reduces the impact of solid foreign matter on the large bypass valve spool and protects the large bypass valve spool from damage.
  • control method of the present invention can also realize the opening and closing control of the small bypass system by means of program control. More preferably, the small bypass control system can be integrated into the control system of the entire unit for fully automated management.
  • the flow of the small bypass system is not limited to 20% of the steam flow in the unit.
  • a bypass that is less than 50% of the steam flow in the unit can be called a small bypass.
  • the preferred solution is to use the flow of the small bypass system between the steam flow in the unit. 5% to 30% is preferred.
  • FIG. 2 a schematic block diagram of the startup process using the small bypass system of the present invention in combination with the one-sided alternating opening and closing control method is shown.
  • the starting process with bypass unit can be basically divided into the following process minimum opening stage, minimum pressure stage, boosting stage, fixed pressure stage and following mode stage.
  • Fig. 2 in conjunction with Fig. 1 in the initial stage of starting, it is first determined whether it is a cold start. If it is a cold start, first open the small bypass control valve 10, 11. Maintain the pressure according to the above several procedures according to the predetermined procedure, until The small bypass regulator valve is fully open, and then quickly open the large bypass valve 6, 7, 8 , 9, while closing the small bypass regulator valve 10, 11, then, from the large bypass valve 6, 7, 8, 9
  • the main steam line 13 to the small bypass regulating valve 10, 11 is also pre-warmed and flushed, and at the same time, a large amount of solid particles have passed through the small side.
  • the passage regulating valves 10, 11 are exhausted, and the rapid opening of the large bypass valves 6, 7, 8, 9 also reduces the time it takes to operate under throttling conditions, protecting the large bypass valve spool.
  • the bypass one-side alternate opening and closing operation is started, and the superheater outlet header 5 is flushed due to the transition from the boosting phase.
  • the large bypass valves 6, 7, 8, and 9 are in the open state, so first close the first group of large bypass valves on the same side of the superheater header, and slowly close the large bypass valves 6, 7.
  • the second group of two large bypass valves 8, 9 located on the other side of the high pressure cylinder 12 remain open, when the first group of large bypass valves 6, 7 are all closed to the small bypass capacity.
  • the large bypass valve cooperates with the small bypass regulating valve to maintain the pressure according to the predetermined curve, and wait for the last small bypass regulating valve.
  • the steam generated from the superheater 3 of the boiler 1 passes through the superheater outlet header 5 through the first group of large bypass valves 8, 9 on one side into the cold section 4, while part of the steam passes through the first group.
  • the main steam line 13 on the same side of the large bypass valves 8, 9 also enters the cold section 4 via the small bypass regulating valve 11 and returns to the reheater 2.
  • the main steam line 13 and the outlet header 5 on this side are flushed, and the solid particulate foreign matter is flushed out of the outlet header 5.
  • the single-side valve is alternately closed and closed, and the small bypass regulating valve 10 is first slowly opened.
  • the first group of large bypass valves 8, 9 are slowly closed, and after the small bypass regulating valve 10 is opened,
  • the second set of large bypass valves 6, 7 on the same side are opened again and the small bypass regulating valve 10 is quickly closed, causing the second group of large bypass valves 6, 7 to open rapidly, the specific process being similar to the above process.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de petite dérivation d'un ensemble générateur, l'ensemble générateur comprenant au moins une chaudière (1), une turbine à vapeur (12), des canalisations de vapeur principales (13) reliant la chaudière (1) à la turbine à vapeur (12), et des vannes de régulation de grande dérivation (6, 7, 8, 9), le système de petite dérivation comprenant les canalisations de vapeur de la petite dérivation et au moins un ensemble de vannes de régulation de petite dérivation (10, 11). L'invention concerne un procédé de commande du système de petite dérivation, qui comprend les étapes consistant: premièrement, avant que le système de grande dérivation ne soit ouvert, à ouvrir progressivement les vannes de régulation de petite dérivation, jusqu'à ce que le système de petite dérivation atteigne le débit maximum; deuxièmement, après que le système de petite dérivation a atteint le débit maximum, à régler le système de grande dérivation au degré correspondant au débit maximum du système de petite dérivation, et dans le même temps, à fermer les vannes de régulation de petite dérivation (10, 11); puis après que le système de grande dérivation a atteint un degré supérieur, à régler les vannes de régulation de petite dérivation (10, 11) au débit maximum, progressivement. La sécurité de l'ensemble générateur est améliorée et le temps de démarrage de l'ensemble générateur est raccourci par réglage du système de petite dérivation.
PCT/CN2007/003431 2007-06-11 2007-12-03 Système de petite dérivation d'un ensemble générateur et procédé de commande associé WO2008151484A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07845793.4A EP2175104B1 (fr) 2007-06-11 2007-12-03 Système de petite dérivation d'un ensemble générateur et procédé de commande associé

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 200710041839 CN100473805C (zh) 2007-06-11 2007-06-11 发电机组小旁路系统及其控制方法
CN200710041839.X 2007-06-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008151484A1 true WO2008151484A1 (fr) 2008-12-18

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Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2175104B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN100473805C (fr)
WO (1) WO2008151484A1 (fr)

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CN110159363A (zh) * 2019-06-26 2019-08-23 国电龙源节能技术有限公司 拖动异步发电机的低压汽轮机带负荷启动的控制方法
CN111472847A (zh) * 2020-05-11 2020-07-31 中国电力工程顾问集团西南电力设计院有限公司 一种防止轴封汽源管路积水的系统
CN115371032A (zh) * 2021-05-19 2022-11-22 广东美的生活电器制造有限公司 蒸汽发生器、蒸汽电器及其控制方法、可读存储介质
CN115788612A (zh) * 2022-12-12 2023-03-14 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 一种压差透平膨胀机组的管路系统和启停方式

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CN100439659C (zh) * 2007-06-11 2008-12-03 上海外高桥第三发电有限责任公司 发电机组旁路控制方法
CN102261268A (zh) * 2010-05-28 2011-11-30 中国神华能源股份有限公司 一种火力发电机组中低压旁路所需减温冷却水的控制方法
WO2014175871A1 (fr) * 2013-04-24 2014-10-30 International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc Système de protection de turbine
CN103528630B (zh) * 2013-10-16 2016-06-08 国家电网公司 高压旁路蒸汽泄漏量及减温水流量的计算方法
CN115182793A (zh) * 2022-08-04 2022-10-14 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 一种汽轮机中压缸启动系统和启动控制方法

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CN110159363A (zh) * 2019-06-26 2019-08-23 国电龙源节能技术有限公司 拖动异步发电机的低压汽轮机带负荷启动的控制方法
CN110159363B (zh) * 2019-06-26 2023-10-27 国能龙源蓝天节能技术有限公司 拖动异步发电机的低压汽轮机带负荷启动的控制方法
CN111472847A (zh) * 2020-05-11 2020-07-31 中国电力工程顾问集团西南电力设计院有限公司 一种防止轴封汽源管路积水的系统
CN111472847B (zh) * 2020-05-11 2024-04-12 中国电力工程顾问集团西南电力设计院有限公司 一种防止轴封汽源管路积水的系统
CN115371032A (zh) * 2021-05-19 2022-11-22 广东美的生活电器制造有限公司 蒸汽发生器、蒸汽电器及其控制方法、可读存储介质
CN115788612A (zh) * 2022-12-12 2023-03-14 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 一种压差透平膨胀机组的管路系统和启停方式
CN115788612B (zh) * 2022-12-12 2024-06-11 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 一种压差透平膨胀机组的启停方式

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