WO2008071809A1 - Refinements made to drinking water plants for regeneration of aquifers contaminated by nitrates and functioning procedure thereof - Google Patents
Refinements made to drinking water plants for regeneration of aquifers contaminated by nitrates and functioning procedure thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008071809A1 WO2008071809A1 PCT/ES2006/000680 ES2006000680W WO2008071809A1 WO 2008071809 A1 WO2008071809 A1 WO 2008071809A1 ES 2006000680 W ES2006000680 W ES 2006000680W WO 2008071809 A1 WO2008071809 A1 WO 2008071809A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- water
- regeneration
- nitrates
- contaminated
- water treatment
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Natural products CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RWPGFSMJFRPDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium metabisulfite Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O RWPGFSMJFRPDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010263 potassium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002535 acidifier Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003641 microbiacidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011012 sanitization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010261 calcium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940005740 hexametaphosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrochloric acid Substances Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940043349 potassium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate tribasic Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940079827 sodium hydrogen sulfite Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulphite Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940124561 microbicide Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002855 microbicide agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011197 physicochemical method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002249 digestive system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095602 acidifiers Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum chloride Substances Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000002519 antifouling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BZVULEMJZNPTAT-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum hypochlorous acid trisulfate Chemical compound S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].OCl.[Al+3].S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Al+3] BZVULEMJZNPTAT-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(III) chloride Substances Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004005 nitrosamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000538 tail Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
- B01D65/022—Membrane sterilisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/16—Use of chemical agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/008—Mobile apparatus and plants, e.g. mounted on a vehicle
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/05—Conductivity or salinity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/40—Liquid flow rate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/42—Liquid level
Definitions
- the invention relates to a new type of water treatment plant designed for the regeneration of aquifers and their operating procedure with application of certain concepts of general water treatment as a preliminary phase of fine slabs and other methodologies that have not been applied to this.
- technical sector which allow a perfect adaptation of the plant to the type of water to be purified according to the greater or lesser presence of foreign substances, or to the greater or lesser concentration of the same in said water, extracting mineral and organic loads, accompanied by abundant presence of nitrates that will be managed by formulating fertilizers for subsequent application in nearby arable land.
- Via 2 is characterized by giving merely punctual responses to critical situations of scarcity, associated with the service, significantly increasing the real cost of the water supplied.
- the binomial [hemoglobin - nitrated waters] easily leads to the fixation of oxygen during respiration. Especially sensitive population: children and the elderly. - About the digestive system:
- nitrated waters in the digestive system favors the formation of nitrosamines (especially on protein bases).
- a non-destructive method of nitrates is applied that leads to the obtaining of a saline concentrate, which has to be managed and treated in a different way; considering the reuse as a basic objective of its management.
- the volumes of saline concentrate (between 10 and 20% of the total produced water) will present a concentration between 5 and 10 times higher than the concentration of the salts initially present in the water to make it drinkable.
- it is necessary to carry out a refining of the salt making a mixture of deionized water from the membranes exit with raw water without osmotization, in order to recover those minimum saline content that must be present in the water for mouth consumption.
- Another purpose of the invention is the reduction of the hardness of the water due to the presence of calcium and magnesium, in order to obtain drinking water of optimum characteristics so that its mineralization is weak, and therefore avoiding the serious problems that the lime deposit causes in the pipes and interior installations in the subscriber's house.
- Another purpose of the invention is that the water treatment plant object of the invention will be manufactured on a container element or chassis easily transportable in the platform of a truck or in a trailer, with which it will be possible in the first place its rapid construction in an industrial warehouse equipped with all the means and protected from any adverse climatic situation, and in second place it will be able to move with great ease, being implemented almost instantaneous way to its taken to the vicinity of the aquifer.
- the compact and confined structure of the plant protects it from possible vandalism, thus ensuring the functionality of it.
- Stage n ° 1 Physical-chemical treatment
- Stage n ° 2 Pre-treatment 1 of reverse osmosis
- Stage n ° 3 Pre-treatment 2 of osmosis Reverse
- Stage n ° 4 Reverse osmosis treatment
- Stage n ° 5 Final chlorination and sanitization
- Figure 1 is a flow chart illustrative of the operation of the water treatment plant (10), which includes the different stages.
- Figure 2 is a schematic plan distribution of a possible water treatment plant (10) mounted in a container (11) of 20 feet, with its main elements written on it.
- Figure 3 is a schematic layout of another possible water treatment plant (10) mounted in a container (12) of 10 feet, with its main elements written on it.
- the water treatment plant (10) includes a container element (11-12), 10 or 20 feet in length respectively, which allows it to be moved by a simple truck, loading it as if it were a container, or said container placed on a platform with the conventional means for coupling to the tractor unit of the truck to allow its operation completely autonomous, as can be seen in figures n ° 2 and 3.
- the water treatment plant (10) is equipped with an auxiliary generator (13) that supplies energy to the elements that drive the water flow, such as pumps
- the waters to be treated will come from wells, rivers, aquifers, groundwater and similar.
- the dosage of sodium hypochlorite includes the reservoir (24) and the dosing pumps (27-28), together with an automatic regulation and an injection system (29-30), not shown in the figures.
- a by-pass (26) is provided so that it does not pass through the filter
- the water is prepared for the reverse osmosis pre-treatment or to by-pass the membrane system and be added on the osmotized water, trying to get replacement saline in hygienic conditions.
- stage 3 a a water homogenization process is followed, in which three families of different reagents will be applied:
- the antifouling tank (37) equipped with a stirrer and metering pumps (38-39) is used, see figure 3, with an automatic control system (40) and a system of injection (41), not shown in the figures.
- Products with antifouling effect are applied, such as:
- the water mixture with reducer, acid and anti-fouling agent then passes to the tanks (20) and then to a safety micro-filter (42), see figure 2, equipped with the corresponding by-pass (43). at this point stage n ° 3.
- the 4th stage in which the liquid passes by the pH meter (52) which regulates the metering pump acid (34) and can be sampled for external control, then passing water a pressure transducer (53) provided with its pressure gauge (54).
- the function of the transducer (53) is to stop the delivery pump (55) if it runs out of water, then passing through the conductimeter (54), provided before the pump (55) a non-return valve (56) .
- the impulse pump (55) incorporates a by-pass (57) with automatic and / or manual regulation, depending on the frequency inverter incorporated in the control panel (51).
- the reverse osmosis membrane (58) Before the water enters the reverse osmosis membrane (58) it passes through the pressure transducer (59) which will regulate and inform the control panel (51) of the reading values.
- the reverse osmosis membrane (58) there is a reverse phenomenon to normal osmosis, which is obtained by exerting a pressure above the osmotic pressure on the concentrated solution, so that nitrate and contaminant separation occurs in it. Well the water is rejected.
- the purified water at the outlet of the membrane (58) passes through a conductimeter (59) and flow meter (60), finally passing through the sampling (61), or even a de-dosed water tank (47) equipped with a level game
- the water goes through a conventional washing and displacement system formed by a tank, a pump, a stirrer, some low pressure connection pipes with the corresponding valves, equipped with the system flowmeters, thermometers, manometers.
- the electrical control panel (51) controls for all stage 4 to work automatically, for this and as can be seen in figure n ° 3 is directly connected to a pH meter (52) and a flow meter (53) located at the inlet and outlet of the pressure switch and pressure gauge (43-44) respectively.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a new type of drinking water plant designed for regenerating aquifers and the functioning procedure thereof with application of set concepts for general purification of waters as the initial stage of fine filtering and other methodologies which to date have not been applied to this technical sector enabling the plant to be totally adapted to the type of water to be purified, said adaptation depending on the greater or lesser presence of extraneous substances, or rather the greater or lesser concentration thereof in said water, thereby extracting mineral or organic loads, with abundant presence of nitrates to be processed by formulation of fertilisers for subsequent application in nearby agricultural lands.
Description
"PERFECCIONAMIENTOS INTRODT-πrtoÓS-SfcMí&S "IMPROVEMENTS INTRODT-πrtoÓS-SfcMí & S
PLANTAS POTABILIZADORAS DE AGUAS PARA LA REGENERACIÓN DE ACUIFEROS CONTAMINADOS POR NITRATOS Y SU PROCEDIMIENTOWATER TREATMENT PLANTS FOR THE REGENERATION OF NITRATED CONTAMINATED AQUIFERS AND THEIR PROCEDURE
DE FUNCIONAMIENTO"OF OPERATION "
La invención se refiere a un nuevo tipo de planta potabilizadora diseñada para la regeneración de acuiferos y su procedimiento de funcionamiento con aplicación de determinados conceptos de depuración general de aguas como fase previa de desbaste fino y otras metodologías que hasta ahora no han sido aplicadas a este sector técnico, que permiten una perfecta adecuación de la planta al tipo de agua a depurar según la mayor o menor presencia de sustancias extrañas, o bien a la mayor o menor concentración de las mismas en dicha agua, extrayendo cargas minerales y orgánicas, acompañadas de abundante presencia de nitratos que serán gestionados mediante formulación de abonos para su posterior aplicación en tierras cultivables próximas.The invention relates to a new type of water treatment plant designed for the regeneration of aquifers and their operating procedure with application of certain concepts of general water treatment as a preliminary phase of fine slabs and other methodologies that have not been applied to this. technical sector, which allow a perfect adaptation of the plant to the type of water to be purified according to the greater or lesser presence of foreign substances, or to the greater or lesser concentration of the same in said water, extracting mineral and organic loads, accompanied by abundant presence of nitrates that will be managed by formulating fertilizers for subsequent application in nearby arable land.
Hasta el presente las explotaciones de cabana porcina y bovina representan una aportación importante al PIB nacional, aunque por azares tecnológicos se han ido apartando de las explotaciones agropecuarias compensadas, lo que conduce con frecuencia a explotaciones sin una base territorial suficiente para el aprovechamiento de los purines generados por dichas explotaciones .Until now, pig and cattle hog farms represent an important contribution to the national GDP, although due to technological hazards they have moved away from compensated agricultural operations, which often leads to farms without a sufficient territorial base for the use of slurry. generated by these farms.
Esta realidad conjuntamente con la aplicación masiva de abonos minerales al suelo plantea a menudo impactos ambientales severos, donde el vector agua acostumbra a ser la via afectado por la contaminación de nitratos, carga microbiana, presencia de metales y otras sustancias contaminantes .
La citada contaminación por nitratos de aguas superficiales y freáticas procedentes de fuentes agropecuarias se considera, a dia de hoy, como el principal problema de contaminación de origen difuso que registra la Unión Europea. La situación española y de algunas comunidades autónomas como Cataluña es especialmente grave por los efectos nocivos que genera, circunstancia que la Comisión Europea ha denunciado de manera reiterada delante de las administraciones tanto catalana como española, por incumplimiento de la directiva 80/778/CE.This reality together with the massive application of mineral fertilizers to the soil often raises severe environmental impacts, where the water vector is usually affected by nitrate contamination, microbial load, presence of metals and other contaminating substances. The aforementioned contamination by nitrates of surface water and groundwater from agricultural sources is considered, today, as the main problem of pollution of diffuse origin recorded by the European Union. The situation in Spain and some autonomous communities such as Catalonia is particularly serious due to the harmful effects it generates, a circumstance that the European Commission has repeatedly denounced in front of the administrations both Catalan and Spanish, for breach of Directive 80/778 / EC.
La contaminación excesiva de recursos hidricos por la presencia de nitratos invalida la aplicación de estas aguas para el consumo de boca, razón por la cual se impone la aplicación de medidas preventivas y correctoras sobre aquellas actividades responsables directas o indirectas de este impacto. Se trata, pues, de una descontaminación de recursos hidricos que permita su utilización como agua para consumo de base por parte de las poblaciones directamente afectadas . Las vias actualmente utilizadas para el suministro de agua potable a zonas afectadas por contaminación de nitratos son fundamentalmente:The excessive contamination of water resources by the presence of nitrates invalidates the application of these waters for mouth consumption, which is why the application of preventive and corrective measures is imposed on those activities directly or indirectly responsible for this impact. It is, therefore, a decontamination of water resources that allows its use as water for basic consumption by the populations directly affected. The routes currently used for the supply of drinking water to areas affected by nitrate pollution are mainly:
- Via 1: Embalse, bombeo del agua recogida en dicho embalse, estación potabilizadora, depósito regulador, bombeo hasta la zona de consumo, cubriéndose en ocasiones grandes distancias de bombeo.- Via 1: Reservoir, pumping of the water collected in said reservoir, water treatment station, regulating tank, pumping to the consumption zone, sometimes covering large pumping distances.
- Via 2: Depósitos de agua y transporte del agua hasta la zona de consumo, mediante cisternas sobre vehículos motorizados . La alternativa a las vias de suministro descritas en el párrafo anterior es el objeto de la presente invención, que
propone la actuación ΛΛin situ" para cualquier nivel poblacional, que debe ser suministrado poniendo especial énfasis en aquellos niveles más bajos, especialmente poblaciones inferiores a 500 habitantes. De la via 1 se desprende una evaluación a nivel de costos significativamente desfavorable, dadas sus características de inversión y gastos de operación, encontrándose la inversión en una situación de amortización a largo termino, como consecuencia de su intensidad, (alta relación en el ratio: inversión practicada, número de habitantes servidos) .- Via 2: Water tanks and water transport to the consumption zone, by cisterns on motorized vehicles. The alternative to the supply routes described in the previous paragraph is the object of the present invention, which proposes the action " in situ" for any population level, which must be provided with special emphasis on those lower levels, especially populations of less than 500. From track 1, a significantly unfavorable cost-level evaluation is given, given its characteristics of investment and operating expenses, the investment being in a situation of long-term amortization, as a consequence of its intensity, (high ratio in the ratio: investment practiced, number of inhabitants served).
La via 2 se caracteriza por dar respuestas meramente puntuales a situaciones criticas de escasez, asociadas al servicio, incrementando notablemente el coste real del agua suministrada.Via 2 is characterized by giving merely punctual responses to critical situations of scarcity, associated with the service, significantly increasing the real cost of the water supplied.
Es por estos factores que las alternativas consistentes en actuaciones de potabilización de aguas en áreas próximas a las zonas de consumo ganan terreno, frente a aquellas consistentes en aplicar soluciones de transporte a distancia (canalizaciones y/o viarias).It is due to these factors that the alternatives consisting of water potabilization actions in areas close to the consumption areas gain ground, as opposed to those consisting of applying transport solutions at a distance (channeling and / or roads).
El problema se plantea muy a menudo cuando se trata de adecuar aguas contaminadas para consumo de boca para poblaciones pequeñas, dado que se hace imposible o prácticamente imposible llevar a termino la amortización razonable de la via 1, que comporta la necesidad de subvenciones desproporcionadas, en base a presupuestos generales, cargando el coste de la inversión sobre una población significativamente ampliada, y que no disfruta directamente del servicio. Por otra parte el "principio de subsidiaridad" indica que se tendría que aplicar una solución que viniera marcada
por la territorialidad y autosuficiencia. Esto obligarla a un esfuerzo económicamente fácilmente asumible y de ámbito local por parte de la población directamente afectada, que podria beneficiarse del suministro de agua para consumo de boca, a partir de sus propios recursos hidricos después de estar sometida a un tratamiento corrector de potabilización.The problem arises very often when it comes to adapting contaminated water for mouth consumption for small populations, since it becomes impossible or practically impossible to carry out the reasonable amortization of road 1, which implies the need for disproportionate subsidies, in base to general budgets, charging the cost of the investment on a significantly expanded population, and not directly enjoying the service. On the other hand, the "principle of subsidiarity" indicates that a solution that would have been marked would have to be applied for territoriality and self-sufficiency. This will force an economically easily assumable and local effort on the part of the population directly affected, which could benefit from the water supply for mouth consumption, from their own water resources after being subjected to a corrective purification treatment.
La dimensión de la problemática planteada conjuntamente con otras exigencias de tipo sanitario que la ley insiste en remarcar, implican la búsqueda de soluciones que sean técnicamente viables, fáciles de operar, con una elevada repetitividad y con controles suficientes en tiempo real. Todo esto con la finalidad de garantizar en todo momento el carácter de potabilidad.The dimension of the problem raised together with other sanitary requirements that the law insists on stressing, involve the search for solutions that are technically feasible, easy to operate, with high repetitiveness and with sufficient controls in real time. All this in order to ensure at all times the character of potability.
Con la invención propuesta se evitarían básicamente dos tipos de riesgos sanitarios:With the proposed invention basically two types of health risks would be avoided:
- Sobre el sistema respiratorio:- About the respiratory system:
El binomio [hemoglobina - aguas nitradas] conduce con facilidad a la fijación de oxígeno durante la respiración. Población especialmente sensible: niños y personas mayores. - Sobre el aparato digestivo:The binomial [hemoglobin - nitrated waters] easily leads to the fixation of oxygen during respiration. Especially sensitive population: children and the elderly. - About the digestive system:
La presencia de aguas nitradas en el sistema digestivo favorece la formación de nitrosaminas (especialmente sobre bases proteicas) .The presence of nitrated waters in the digestive system favors the formation of nitrosamines (especially on protein bases).
Es por esto que la solución preconizada "in situ" permite acometer un doble objetivo:That is why the solution recommended "in situ" allows to undertake a double objective:
1°) Proporcionar agua potable para el consumo de boca de una manera sostenible, evitando problemas de morbilidad y mortandad asociadas a aguas nitradas.1) Provide drinking water for mouth consumption in a sustainable manner, avoiding problems of morbidity and mortality associated with nitrated waters.
2°) La regeneración de acuíferos contaminados por nitratos (remediación) .
Dentro de las técnicas de desnitrificación aplicables ΛΛin situ" se ha elegido la fisico-quimica de separación, con la utilización de membranas que permitan la potabilización de las aguas citadas, convirtiéndola en agua válida para el consumo de boca, permitiendo simultáneamente la recuperación de los acuiferos afectados por la contaminación de nitratos.2) The regeneration of aquifers contaminated by nitrates (remediation). Within the techniques of denitrification applicable ΛΛ in situ "the physical-chemical separation has been chosen, with the use of membranes that allow the potabilization of the mentioned waters, converting it into water valid for mouth consumption, simultaneously allowing the recovery of aquifers affected by nitrate contamination.
Se aplica un método no destructivo de nitratos que conduzca a la obtención de un concentrado salino, que tiene que ser gestionado y tratado de modo diferente; planteándose la reutilización como objetivo básico de su gestión.A non-destructive method of nitrates is applied that leads to the obtaining of a saline concentrate, which has to be managed and treated in a different way; considering the reuse as a basic objective of its management.
Los volúmenes de concentrado salino (entre un 10 y un 20% del total del agua producida) presentarán una concentración entre 5 y 10 veces superior a la concentración de las sales inicialmente presentes en el agua a potabilizar. Como consecuencia de la eliminación casi total de las sales inicialmente presentes mediante la aplicación de filtración tangencial, es preciso llevar a término un afinado salino, haciendo una mezcla de agua desionizada de salida de membranas con agua cruda sin osmotizar, con la finalidad de recuperar aquellos contenidos salinos mínimos que tienen que estar presentes en el agua para el consumo de boca.The volumes of saline concentrate (between 10 and 20% of the total produced water) will present a concentration between 5 and 10 times higher than the concentration of the salts initially present in the water to make it drinkable. As a consequence of the almost total elimination of the salts initially present through the application of tangential filtration, it is necessary to carry out a refining of the salt, making a mixture of deionized water from the membranes exit with raw water without osmotization, in order to recover those minimum saline content that must be present in the water for mouth consumption.
Otro de los fines de la invención es la reducción de la dureza del agua debida a la presencia de calcio y magnesio, con el fin de obtener una agua potable de características óptimas de manera que su mineralización sea débil, y por tanto evitando los graves problemas que el depósito de cal ocasiona en la tuberías e instalaciones interiores en casa del abonado.Another purpose of the invention is the reduction of the hardness of the water due to the presence of calcium and magnesium, in order to obtain drinking water of optimum characteristics so that its mineralization is weak, and therefore avoiding the serious problems that the lime deposit causes in the pipes and interior installations in the subscriber's house.
Otro de los fines de la invención es que la planta potabilizadora objeto de la invención se fabricará sobre un elemento contenedor o chasis fácilmente transportable en la
plataforma de un camión o bien en un trailer, con lo que será posible en primer lugar su rápida construcción en una nave industrial dotada de todos los medios y a resguardo de cualquier situación climática adversa, y en segundo lugar podrá trasladarse con suma facilidad, implementándose de forma prácticamente instantánea a su llevada a las proximidades del acuifero.Another purpose of the invention is that the water treatment plant object of the invention will be manufactured on a container element or chassis easily transportable in the platform of a truck or in a trailer, with which it will be possible in the first place its rapid construction in an industrial warehouse equipped with all the means and protected from any adverse climatic situation, and in second place it will be able to move with great ease, being implemented almost instantaneous way to its taken to the vicinity of the aquifer.
Además, la estructura compacta y confinada de la planta, la protege de posibles actos vandálicos, quedando por tanto garantizada la funcionalidad de la misma.In addition, the compact and confined structure of the plant protects it from possible vandalism, thus ensuring the functionality of it.
Las etapas de las que se compone el funcionamiento de la planta potabilizadora preconizada son los siguientes: Etapa n° 1 - Tratamiento fisico-quimico Etapa n° 2 - Pre-tratamiento 1 de osmosis reversa Etapa n° 3 - Pre-tratamiento 2 de osmosis reversa Etapa n° 4 - Tratamiento de osmosis reversa Etapa n° 5 - Cloración final e higienizaciónThe stages that make up the functioning of the proposed water treatment plant are the following: Stage n ° 1 - Physical-chemical treatment Stage n ° 2 - Pre-treatment 1 of reverse osmosis Stage n ° 3 - Pre-treatment 2 of osmosis Reverse Stage n ° 4 - Reverse osmosis treatment Stage n ° 5 - Final chlorination and sanitization
Otros detalles y características se irán poniendo de manifiesto en el transcurso de la descripción que a continuación se da en las que hace referencia a las figuras que a esta memoria se acompañan en las que se muestra a título ilustrativo pero no limitativo una realización práctica de la invención. Sigue a continuación una relación detallada de los principales elementos que integran la planta potabilizadora preconizada, acompañados de un número que se encuentra en las figuras anexas; (10) planta potabilizadora, (11) contenedor de 20 pies, (12) contenedor de 10 pies, (13) generador auxiliar, (14-15) depósitos intermedios, (16) bomba, (17) cuadro eléctrico, (18) mesa de trabajo, (19) filtro mecánico,
(20) depósitos de micro-filtración, (21) depósitos de dosificación de productos, (22) membranas de osmosis, (23) bomba, (24) depósito de hipoclorito, (25) filtro de carbono,Other details and characteristics will become apparent in the course of the description given below in which reference is made to the figures that accompany this report in which is shown for illustrative but not limited to a practical implementation of the invention. Following is a detailed list of the main elements that make up the proposed water treatment plant, accompanied by a number found in the attached figures; (10) water treatment plant, (11) 20-foot container, (12) 10-foot container, (13) auxiliary generator, (14-15) intermediate tanks, (16) pump, (17) electrical panel, (18) work table, (19) mechanical filter, (20) micro-filtration tanks, (21) product dosing tanks, (22) osmosis membranes, (23) pump, (24) hypochlorite reservoir, (25) carbon filter,
(26) by-pass del filtro de carbono (25), (27-28) bombas dosificadoras, (29) medios de regulación automática, (30) sistema de inyección, (31) depósito de agente reductor, (32) depósito de ácido, (33-34) bombas dosificadoras, (35) sistema de regulación automática, (36) sistema de inyección, (37) depósito de anti-incrustante, (38-39) bombas, (40) sistema de regulación automático, (41) sistema de inyección, (42) micro- filtro de seguridad, (43) by-pass, (44) manómetro, (45) caudalimetro, (46) by-pass del micro filtro (42), (47) depósito de agua osmotizada, (48-49) niveles superior e inferior en el depósito (47), (50) depósito de rechazo, (51) cuadro de control, (52) medidor de pH, (53) transductor de presión, (54) caudalimetro, (55) bomba de impulsión, (56) válvula anti-retorno, (57) by-pass de la bomba (55), (58) membrana de osmosis inversa, (59) conductimetro, (60) caudalimetro, (61) toma de muestras, (62) medidor de ph, (63) conductimetro, (64) manómetro, (65) caudalimetro, (66) punto de confluencia, (67) conductimetro, (68) bomba de impulsión, y (69) depósito externo.(26) carbon filter by-pass (25), (27-28) dosing pumps, (29) automatic regulation means, (30) injection system, (31) reducing agent reservoir, (32) reservoir acid, (33-34) dosing pumps, (35) automatic regulation system, (36) injection system, (37) anti-fouling tank, (38-39) pumps, (40) automatic regulation system, ( 41) injection system, (42) safety micro-filter, (43) by-pass, (44) pressure gauge, (45) flowmeter, (46) micro-filter by-pass (42), (47) reservoir osmotized water, (48-49) upper and lower levels in the reservoir (47), (50) reject reservoir, (51) control panel, (52) pH meter, (53) pressure transducer, (54) flowmeter, (55) impulse pump, (56) anti-return valve, (57) pump by-pass (55), (58) reverse osmosis membrane, (59) conductimeter, (60) flowmeter, (61) ) sample taking, (62) ph meter, (63) conductimeter, (64) manometer, (65) cauda limetro, (66) confluence point, (67) conductimeter, (68) impulse pump, and (69) external deposit.
La figura n° 1 es un diagrama de flujo ilustrativo del funcionamiento de la planta potabilizadora (10) , que incluye las distintas etapas.Figure 1 is a flow chart illustrative of the operation of the water treatment plant (10), which includes the different stages.
La figura n° 2 es una distribución en planta esquematizada de una posible planta potabilizadora (10) montada en un contenedor (11) de 20 pies, con sus elementos principales grafiados en la misma. La figura n° 3 es una distribución en planta esquematizada de otra posible planta potabilizadora (10)
montada en un contenedor (12) de 10 pies, con sus elementos principales grafiados en la misma.Figure 2 is a schematic plan distribution of a possible water treatment plant (10) mounted in a container (11) of 20 feet, with its main elements written on it. Figure 3 is a schematic layout of another possible water treatment plant (10) mounted in a container (12) of 10 feet, with its main elements written on it.
En una de las realizaciones preferidas de lo que es el objeto de la presente invención, la planta potabilizadora (10) incluye un elemento contenedor (11-12), de 10 o 20 pies de longitud respectivamente, que le permite su traslado mediante un simple camión, cargando al mismo como si fuera un contenedor, o bien dicho contenedor colocado sobre una plataforma con los medios convencionales para el acoplamiento a la unidad tractora del camión para permitir su funcionamiento totalmente autónomo, tal y como puede verse en las figuras n° 2 y 3.In one of the preferred embodiments of what is the object of the present invention, the water treatment plant (10) includes a container element (11-12), 10 or 20 feet in length respectively, which allows it to be moved by a simple truck, loading it as if it were a container, or said container placed on a platform with the conventional means for coupling to the tractor unit of the truck to allow its operation completely autonomous, as can be seen in figures n ° 2 and 3.
La planta potabilizadora (10) está dotada de un generador auxiliar (13) que suministra energia a los elementos impulsión del flujo de agua, tal como las bombasThe water treatment plant (10) is equipped with an auxiliary generator (13) that supplies energy to the elements that drive the water flow, such as pumps
(16-23) , asi como a cualquier otro elemento secundario, como sondas, electro-válvulas y demás elementos de medida y control gobernados por un cuadro eléctrico (17) . A su vez la planta potabilizadora (10) dentro de una Ia etapa que llamaremos de tratamiento fisico-quimico, véase figura n° 2, llevando a cabo la función de desbaste fino, dispone de unos depósitos intermedios (14-15) para el supuesto de que las aguas a potabilizar presenten importantes aportaciones en materia de suspensión, en el caso de que dichas aguas no contengan materia en suspensión pasan directamente a las etapas siguientes 2a, 3a y 4a.(16-23), as well as any other secondary element, such as probes, electro-valves and other measuring and control elements governed by an electrical panel (17). In turn the water treatment plant (10) within a stage I to call physicochemical treatment, see figure 2, performing the function of thin slab, it has intermediate tanks (14-15) for assuming that the waters to be treated have important contributions in terms of suspension, in the event that said waters do not contain suspended matter, they pass directly to the following stages 2 a , 3 a and 4 a .
En general las aguas a potabilizar provendrán de pozos, rios, acuiferos, capas freáticas y similares.In general, the waters to be treated will come from wells, rivers, aquifers, groundwater and similar.
Se trata, por tanto, de eliminar insolubles de materia orgánica y materia mineral de las aguas a potabilizar que entran en la planta (10) y van a parar a los depósitos (14-
15) , mediante técnicas de coagulación floculación decantación utilizando para ello productos químicos procedentes de los depósitos (21) los cuales se vierten en el filtro mecánicoIt is therefore a matter of eliminating insolubles of organic matter and mineral matter from the drinking water that enters the plant (10) and goes to the deposits (14-). 15), using decantation flocculation coagulation techniques using chemical products from the tanks (21) which are poured into the mechanical filter.
(19) procediéndose en el mismo al llamado desbaste fino, véase figura n° 2. Los productos químicos utilizados serán los siguientes:(19) proceeding therein to the so-called fine slab, see figure No. 2. The chemical products used will be the following:
- cloruro de aluminio (monómero) ; y/o- aluminum chloride (monomer); I
- hidroxicloruro de aluminio (monómero y polímeros) ; y/o hidroxiclorurosulfato de aluminio (monómero y 25 polímeros); y/o- aluminum hydroxychloride (monomer and polymers); and / or aluminum hydroxychloride sulphate (monomer and polymers); I
- cloruro de hierro (III); y/o- iron (III) chloride; I
- clorosulfato de hierro (III); y/o- iron (III) chlorosulfate; I
- sulfato de aluminio; y/o- aluminum sulfate; I
- sulfato de hierro (II); y/o - sulfato de hierro (III); y/o- iron (II) sulfate; and / or iron (III) sulfate; I
- polioacrilamidas aniónicas (fuertes, medias o débiles)- anionic polyoacylamides (strong, medium or weak)
; y/o; I
- polioacrilamidas catónicas (fuertes, medias o débiles; y/o - polioacrilamidas no iónicas; y/o- cationic polyoacylamides (strong, medium or weak, and / or - non-ionic polyacrylamides, and / or
- otros productos afines con estos tipos de estructuras y composiciones químicas.- other related products with these types of structures and chemical compositions.
Tras esta etapa de decantación de las aguas, se obtienen como producto secundario unos fangos primarios que deberán ser gestionados correctamente, y agua clarificada (sin materia en suspensión) que entrará en la 2a etapa, que llamaremos de pre-tratamiento 1 osmosis reversa, en la cual se aplican productos microbicidas tal como hipoclorito sódico, procedente del depósito (24) o técnicas de higienización mediante energía radiante tal como lámparas
ultravioletas que desinfectan el agua, véase figura n° 3, cuando sea preciso, la mezcla resultante (agua + hipoclorito sódico) por el filtro de carbono (25) con el fin de eliminar moléculas orgánicas recalcitrantes (halometanos, pesticidas y otros), asi como restos de cloro sin reaccionar.After this stage of decantation of the water, they are obtained as by -product a primary sludge that must be managed properly, and clarified water (without suspended material) that enter into the 2nd stage, which we call pretreatment 1 reverse osmosis, wherein microbicidal products such as sodium hypochlorite, from the reservoir (24) or sanitizing techniques by radiant energy such as lamps are applied ultraviolet disinfecting water, see figure 3, when necessary, the resulting mixture (water + sodium hypochlorite) through the carbon filter (25) in order to eliminate recalcitrant organic molecules (halomethanes, pesticides and others), as remnants of unreacted chlorine.
La dosificación de hipoclorito sódico incluye el depósito (24) y las bombas dosificadoras (27-28), junto con una regulación automática y un sistema de inyección (29-30), no representados en las figuras. En el caso de que el (agua + el hipoclorito sódico) proveniente del filtro mecánico (19) no precise un filtrado mediante el filtro de carbón (25), se ha previsto un by-pass (26) para que no pase por el filtroThe dosage of sodium hypochlorite includes the reservoir (24) and the dosing pumps (27-28), together with an automatic regulation and an injection system (29-30), not shown in the figures. In the event that (water + sodium hypochlorite) from the mechanical filter (19) does not require filtering through the carbon filter (25), a by-pass (26) is provided so that it does not pass through the filter
(25). En ambos casos, a la salida del filtro de carbono (25), el agua se encuentra preparada para el pre-tratamiento de osmosis inversa o bien para by-pasar el sistema de membranas y ser adicionada sobre el agua osmotizada, tratando de conseguir reposición salina en condiciones higiénicas.(25) In both cases, at the outlet of the carbon filter (25), the water is prepared for the reverse osmosis pre-treatment or to by-pass the membrane system and be added on the osmotized water, trying to get replacement saline in hygienic conditions.
En la etapa 3a se sigue un proceso de homogeneización del agua, en la que se aplicarán tres familias de reactivos diferentes:In stage 3 a a water homogenization process is followed, in which three families of different reagents will be applied:
- reductores procedentes del depósito (31) ; y/o- reducers from the tank (31); I
- acidificantes procedentes del depósito (32); y/o- acidifiers from the tank (32); I
- anti-incrustantes procedentes del depósito (33) .- anti-foulants from the tank (33).
La finalidad de dichos reactivos es la de garantizar la eliminación total de agentes oxidantes que puedan dañar las membranas, mediante la utilización de medios reductores y la eliminación de dureza volátil mediante agentes acidificantes y el control anti-deposición de dureza salina con la dosificación de anti-incrustantes. La dosificación del agente reductor y el ácido se utilizan los depósitos (31-32-37)
dotados individualmente con las bombas (33-34-38-39), véase figura n° 1 y el correspondiente agitador, con el auxilio de regulación automática (35) y un sistema de inyección (36) no representado en las figuras. Como productos con efecto reductor se aplican por ej emplo :The purpose of these reagents is to ensure the total elimination of oxidizing agents that can damage the membranes, by means of the use of reducing agents and the elimination of volatile hardness by means of acidifying agents and the control anti-deposition of saline hardness with the dosage of anti -crushers. The dosage of the reducing agent and the acid deposits are used (31-32-37) Individually provided with the pumps (33-34-38-39), see figure No. 1 and the corresponding agitator, with the aid of automatic regulation (35) and an injection system (36) not shown in the figures. As products with reducing effect are applied for example:
- sulfito sódico; y/o- sodium sulfite; I
- sulfito de ácido de sodio (hidrogenosulfito de sodio) ; y/o - disulfito de sodio (metabisulfito potásico o pirosulfito potásico) ; y/oSodium acid sulphite (sodium hydrogensulfite); and / or - sodium disulfite (potassium metabisulfite or potassium pyrosulfite); I
- sulfito de calcio.- calcium sulfite.
Como productos con efecto acidificante se aplican por ejemplo:As products with an acidifying effect, for example:
- acido acético; y/o- acetic acid; I
- acido clorhídrico; y/o- hydrochloric acid; I
- acido fosfórico; y/o- phosphoric acid; I
- acido sulfúrico.- sulfuric acid.
Para la dosificación de productos anti-incrustantes se utiliza el depósito anti-incrustante (37) provisto de un agitador y unas bombas dosificadoras (38-39), véase figura n° 3, con un sistema de regulación automática (40) y un sistema de inyección (41), no representado en las figuras. Se aplican productos con efecto anti-incrustante, tales como:For the dosing of anti-fouling products, the antifouling tank (37) equipped with a stirrer and metering pumps (38-39) is used, see figure 3, with an automatic control system (40) and a system of injection (41), not shown in the figures. Products with antifouling effect are applied, such as:
- dihidrogenofosfato de potasio; y/o- potassium dihydrogen phosphate; I
- dihidrogenofosfato de sodio; y/o- sodium dihydrogen phosphate; I
- fosfato tripotásico; y/o - fosfato trisódico; y/o
- hidrogenofosfato de sodio; y/o- tripotassium phosphate; and / or - trisodium phosphate; I - sodium hydrogen phosphate; I
- hidrogenofosfato de potasio; y/o- potassium hydrogen phosphate; I
- pirofosfato de tetrapotásico; y/o- tetrapotassium pyrophosphate; I
- pirofosfato de sodio; y/o - tripolifosfato de potasio; y/o- sodium pyrophosphate; and / or - potassium tripolyphosphate; I
- tripolifosfato de sodio; y/o- sodium tripolyphosphate; I
- hexametafostato sódico; y/o- sodium hexametaphosphate; I
- hexametafosfato potásico; y/o- potassium hexametaphosphate; I
- ácido fosfórico.- phosphoric acid.
La mezcla de agua con reductor, ácido y anti- incrustante pasa a continuación a los depósitos (20) y después por un micro-filtro de seguridad (42), véase figura n° 2, dotado del correspondiente by-pass (43) finalizando en este punto la etapa n° 3.The water mixture with reducer, acid and anti-fouling agent then passes to the tanks (20) and then to a safety micro-filter (42), see figure 2, equipped with the corresponding by-pass (43). at this point stage n ° 3.
Iniciándose a partir de éste punto la 4a etapa, en la que el liquido pasa por el medidor de pH (52) que regula la bomba dosificadora de ácido (34) y se pueden tomar muestras para el control externo, pasando seguidamente el agua por un transductor de presión (53) provisto de su manómetro (54). La función del transductor (53) es parar la bomba de impulsión (55) si la misma se queda sin agua, pasando a continuación por el conductimetro (54), previéndose antes de la bomba (55) una válvula anti-retorno (56) . La bomba de impulsión (55) incorpora un by-pass (57) con regulación automática y/o manual, dependiendo del variador de frecuencia incorporado al cuadro de control (51). Antes de que el agua entre en la membrana de osmosis inversa (58) pasa por el transductor de presión (59) que regulará e informará al cuadro de control (51) de los valores de lectura.
En la membrana de osmosis inversa (58) se produce un fenómeno inverso a la osmosis normal, que se obtiene ejerciendo sobre la disolución concentrada una presión superior a la presión osmótica, de manera que en la misma se produce la separación de nitratos y contaminantes o bien el agua es rechazada.Starting from this point the 4th stage, in which the liquid passes by the pH meter (52) which regulates the metering pump acid (34) and can be sampled for external control, then passing water a pressure transducer (53) provided with its pressure gauge (54). The function of the transducer (53) is to stop the delivery pump (55) if it runs out of water, then passing through the conductimeter (54), provided before the pump (55) a non-return valve (56) . The impulse pump (55) incorporates a by-pass (57) with automatic and / or manual regulation, depending on the frequency inverter incorporated in the control panel (51). Before the water enters the reverse osmosis membrane (58) it passes through the pressure transducer (59) which will regulate and inform the control panel (51) of the reading values. In the reverse osmosis membrane (58) there is a reverse phenomenon to normal osmosis, which is obtained by exerting a pressure above the osmotic pressure on the concentrated solution, so that nitrate and contaminant separation occurs in it. Well the water is rejected.
El agua ya depurada a la salida de la membrana (58) pasa por un conductimetro (59) y caudalimetro (60), pasando finalmente por la toma de muestras (61), o bien aun depósito de agua desomotizada (47) equipado con un juego de nivelesThe purified water at the outlet of the membrane (58) passes through a conductimeter (59) and flow meter (60), finally passing through the sampling (61), or even a de-dosed water tank (47) equipped with a level game
(48-49), provisto (47) de un medidor de pH (62) y un caudalimetro (63) conectados al cuadro de control (51), si el agua del depósito (47) presenta los parámetros correctos medidos por el medidor de pH (62) y conductimetro (63) desde el cuadro de control (51) el agua pasa del depósito (47) a un depósito externo (69) bombeada por la bomba de impulsión (68), después el agua pasa en los que llamaremos 5a etapa, a una cloración mediante hipoclorito proveniente del depósito (24), que es bombeado por la bomba de impulsión (27) hasta el depósito de agua tratada (47) .(48-49), provided (47) of a pH meter (62) and a flowmeter (63) connected to the control panel (51), if the water in the tank (47) presents the correct parameters measured by the meter pH (62) and conductimeter (63) from the control panel (51) the water passes from the tank (47) to an external tank (69) pumped by the impulse pump (68), then the water passes in what we will call 5 to stage, to a chlorination by means of hypochlorite coming from the tank (24), which is pumped by the impulsion pump (27) to the treated water tank (47).
Alternativamente y según la naturaleza del agua que sale de la membrana de osmosis (58) es rechazada y través del correspondiente conducto va aparar a un depósito de rechazo (50) atravesando un conductimetro (67) conectado con el cuadro de control (51), o bien es re-enviada al punto anterior a la bomba de impulsión (55) atravesando el manómetro (64) y el caudalimetro (65) hasta llegar al puntoAlternatively, depending on the nature of the water leaving the osmosis membrane (58), it is rejected and through the corresponding conduit it goes to a reject tank (50) through a conductimeter (67) connected to the control panel (51), or it is re-sent to the point before the impulse pump (55) passing through the manometer (64) and the flowmeter (65) until reaching the point
(66) .(66)
Finalmente y antes de finalizar la etapa, el agua pasa por un convencional sistema de lavado y desplazamiento formado por un depósito, una bomba, un agitador, unas
tuberías de conexión de baja presión con la correspondiente valvulería, equipado dicho sistema con caudalímetros, termómetros, manómetros.Finally and before finishing the stage, the water goes through a conventional washing and displacement system formed by a tank, a pump, a stirrer, some low pressure connection pipes with the corresponding valves, equipped with the system flowmeters, thermometers, manometers.
El cuadro eléctrico de control (51) controla para toda la etapa 4a funcione automáticamente, para ello y tal y como puede verse en la figura n° 3 está directamente conectado a un medidor de pH (52) y un caudalímetro (53) situados a la entrada y salida del presostato y manómetro (43-44) respectivamente . Descrito suficientemente la presente invención en correspondencia con las figuras anexas, fácil es comprender que podrán introducirse en la misma, cualesquiera modificaciones de detalle que se estimen convenientes siempre y cuando no se altere la esencia de la invención que queda resumida en las siguientes reivindicaciones.
The electrical control panel (51) controls for all stage 4 to work automatically, for this and as can be seen in figure n ° 3 is directly connected to a pH meter (52) and a flow meter (53) located at the inlet and outlet of the pressure switch and pressure gauge (43-44) respectively. Having sufficiently described the present invention in correspondence with the appended figures, it is easy to understand that any modifications of detail that may be considered convenient may be introduced therein, provided that the essence of the invention summarized in the following claims is not altered.
Claims
R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S :R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S:
Ia - "PERFECCIONAMIENTOS INTRODUCIDOS EN LAS PLANTAS POTABILIZADORAS DE AGUAS PARA LA REGENERACIÓN DE ACUIFEROS CONTAMINADOS POR NITRATOS Y SU PROCEDIMIENTO DE FUNCIONAMIENTO" del tipo de los que utilizan procedimientos fisico-quimicos con medios que se fabrican Λλin situ", depósitos, balsas y otros elementos, mediante obra civil y directamente sobre el terreno elegido y que son capaces de la potabilizadora del agua contaminada con sustancias extrañas pero tasada y con valores fijos, caracterizados en que la planta potabilizadora (10) comprende unos medios de adecuación de la misma al tipo de agua a depurar según la mayor o menor presencia de sustancias extrañas, unos medios de extracción de nitratos y finalmente unos medios para el equilibrado en nutriente que permite la aplicación del rechazo de fertirrigaciones en cultivos próximos al emplazamiento de la plaza potabilizadora.I a - "INTRODUCED IN PLANTS WATER TREATMENT WATER FOR REGENERATION Aquifer CONTAMINATED BY NITRATES IMPROVEMENTS AND METHOD OF OPERATION" of the type using physico-chemical methods with media manufactured Λλ in situ ", reservoirs, ponds and other elements, through civil works and directly on the chosen land and that are capable of water treatment contaminated with foreign substances but assessed and with fixed values, characterized in that the water treatment plant (10) includes means of adapting it to the type of water to be purified according to the greater or lesser presence of foreign substances, means of extracting nitrates and finally means for balancing in nutrient that allows the application of rejection of fertirrigations in crops near the site of the water treatment plaza.
2 a - "PERFECCIONAMIENTOS INTRODUCIDOS EN LAS PLANTAS POTABILIZADORAS DE AGUAS PARA LA REGENERACIÓN DE ACUIFEROS CONTAMINADOS POR NITRATOS Y SU PROCEDIMIENTO DE FUNCIONAMIENTO" según la Ia reivindicación, caracterizados en que los medios de adecuación de la planta potabilizadora (10) al tipo de agua entrante son medios fisico-quimicos . 3a - "PERFECCIONAMIENTOS INTRODUCIDOS EN LAS PLANTAS POTABILIZADORAS DE AGUAS PARA LA REGENERACIÓN DE ACUIFEROS CONTAMINADOS POR NITRATOS Y SU PROCEDIMIENTO DE FUNCIONAMIENTO" según la Ia reivindicación, caracterizados en que el procedimiento de funcionamiento de la planta potabilizadora (10) comprende las siguientes etapas:2 a - "IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS FOR THE REGENERATION OF NITRATED CONTAMINATED AQUIFERS AND THEIR OPERATING PROCEDURE" according to the I a claim, characterized in that the means of adaptation of the water treatment plant (10) to the type of water incoming are physical-chemical means. 3 a - "IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS FOR THE REGENERATION OF NITRATED CONTAMINATED AQUIFERS AND THEIR OPERATING PROCEDURE" according to claim I, characterized in that the operating procedure of the water treatment plant (10) comprises the following steps :
- etapa 2a: pre-tratamiento 1 de osmosis reversa;
- etapa 3a: pre-tratamiento 2 de osmosis reversa;- stage 2 a : pre-treatment 1 of reverse osmosis; - stage 3 a : pre-treatment 2 of reverse osmosis;
- etapa 4a: tratamiento de osmosis reversa; y- stage 4 a : reverse osmosis treatment; Y
- etapa 5a: cloración final e higienización.- stage 5 a : final chlorination and sanitization.
4a - "PERFECCIONAMIENTOS INTRODUCIDOS EN LAS PLANTAS POTABILIZADORAS DE AGUAS PARA LA REGENERACIÓN DE ACUIFEROS4 a - "IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS FOR THE REGENERATION OF AQUIFERS
CONTAMINADOS POR NITRATOS Y SU PROCEDIMIENTO DE FUNCIONAMIENTO" según las Ia y 3a reivindicaciones, caracterizados en que en la etapa de Pre-tratamiento 1 de osmosis inversa se aplican productos microbicidas, tal como hipoclorito sódico, procedente de un deposito (24) o técnicas de higieniziación mediante energía radiante tal como lámparas ultravioletas adaptados para desinfectar el agua, y opcionalmente la mezcla resultante (agua + hipoclorito sódico) pasa por un filtro de carbono (25) adaptado para eliminar moléculas orgánicas recalcitrantes (halometanos, pesticidas, y otros) y restos de cloro sin reaccionar; previéndose de un by-pass (26) en el citado filtro (25) , en el caso de que el (agua + el hipoclorito sódico) no precise el filtrado; al final de esta etapa el agua entra en el pre- tratamiento de osmosis o bien pasa al sistema de membranas y es adicionada sobre el agua osmotizada, tratando de conseguir reposición salina en condiciones higiénicas.CONTAMINATED NITRATE AND METHOD OF OPERATION "according to I and 3rd claims, characterized in that in step Pretreatment 1 reverse osmosis microbicides products are applied, such as sodium hypochlorite, from a reservoir (24) or hygienization techniques using radiant energy such as UV lamps adapted to disinfect water, and optionally the resulting mixture (water + sodium hypochlorite) passes through a carbon filter (25) adapted to remove recalcitrant organic molecules (halomethanes, pesticides, and others) and remains of unreacted chlorine, provided by a by-pass (26) in the said filter (25), in the case that the (water + sodium hypochlorite) does not require filtering, at the end of this stage the water enters in the pre-treatment of osmosis or it passes to the membrane system and is added on the osmotized water, trying to achieve saline replacement under hygienic conditions.
5a _ "PERFECCIONAMIENTOS INTRODUCIDOS EN LAS PLANTAS POTABILIZADORAS DE AGUAS PARA LA REGENERACIÓN DE ACUIFEROS CONTAMINADOS POR NITRATOS Y SU PROCEDIMIENTO DE FUNCIONAMIENTO" según las 4a reivindicación, caracterizados en que para dosificar los productos microbicidas se incluyen unas bombas dosificadoras (26-27), junto con una regulación automática y un sistema de inyección (29-30). 6a - "PERFECCIONAMIENTOS INTRODUCIDOS EN LAS PLANTAS POTABILIZADORAS DE AGUAS PARA LA REGENERACIÓN DE ACUIFEROS
CONTAMINADOS POR NITRATOS Y SU PROCEDIMIENTO DE FUNCIONAMIENTO" según la Ia reivindicación, caracterizados en que en la fase de Pre-tratamiento 2 de osmosis inversa se sigue un proceso de homogeneización del agua en la que se aplicarán tres familias de reactivos:5 a _ "IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS FOR THE REGENERATION OF NITRATED CONTAMINATED AQUIFERS AND THEIR OPERATING PROCEDURE" according to the 4 to claim, characterized in that dosing pumps for microbicide products are included (26-27) , together with an automatic regulation and an injection system (29-30). 6 a - "IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS FOR THE REGENERATION OF AQUIFERS POLLUTED BY NITRATES AND ITS PROCEDURE OF OPERATION "according to the I to claim, characterized in that in the phase of Pre-treatment 2 of reverse osmosis a water homogenization process is followed in which three families of reagents will be applied:
- reductores, procedente del depósito (31) ; y/o- reducers, coming from the tank (31); I
- acidificantes, procedente del depósito (32); y/o- acidifying agents, coming from the tank (32); I
- anti-incrustantes, procedentes del depósito (37).- anti-fouling, from the tank (37).
7 a - "PERFECCIONAMIENTOS INTRODUCIDOS EN LAS PLANTAS POTABILIZADORAS DE AGUAS PARA LA REGENERACIÓN DE ACUIFEROS7 a - "IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS FOR THE REGENERATION OF AQUIFERS
CONTAMINADOS POR NITRATOS Y SU PROCEDIMIENTO DECONTAMINATED BY NITRATES AND THEIR PROCEDURE OF
FUNCIONAMIENTO" según las Ia y 3a reivindicaciones, caracterizados en que en la fase de Pre-tratamiento 2 de osmosis inversa se utilizan como productos con efecto reductor los siguientes:OPERATION "according to I and 3rd claims, characterized in that in phase 2 Pretreatment reverse osmosis the following products are used as reducing effect:
- sulfito sódico; y/o- sodium sulfite; I
- sulfito de ácido de sodio (hidrogenosulfito de 15 sodio) ; y/oSodium acid sulphite (sodium hydrogensulfite); I
- disulfito de sodio (metabisulfito potásico o pirosulfito potásico) ; y/o- sodium disulfite (potassium metabisulfite or potassium pyrosulfite); I
- sulfito de calcio. g a _ "PERFECCIONAMIENTOS INTRODUCIDOS EN LAS PLANTAS POTABILIZADORAS DE AGUAS PARA LA REGENERACIÓN DE ACUIFEROS CONTAMINADOS POR NITRATOS Y SU PROCEDIMIENTO DE FUNCIONAMIENTO" según las Ia y 3a reivindicaciones, caracterizados en que en la fase de Pre-tratamiento 2 de osmosis inversa se utilizan como productos con efectos acidificantes los siguientes:- calcium sulfite. g a _ "INTRODUCED IN PLANTS PURIFICATION OF WATER IMPROVEMENTS FOR REGENERATION contaminated aquifers by nitrates and its operation procedure" as the I and 3rd claims, characterized in that in the Pre-Treatment 2 of reverse osmosis they use the following as acidifying products:
- ácido acético; y/o - ácido clorhídrico; y/o- acetic acid; and / or - hydrochloric acid; I
- ácido fosfórico; y/o
- ácido sulfúrico.- phosphoric acid; I - sulfuric acid.
9a - "PERFECCIONAMIENTOS INTRODUCIDOS EN LAS PLANTAS POTABILIZADORAS DE AGUAS PARA LA REGENERACIÓN DE ACUIFEROS CONTAMINADOS POR NITRATOS Y SU PROCEDIMIENTO DE FUNCIONAMIENTO" según las Ia y 6a reivindicaciones, caracterizados en que en la fase de Pre-tratamiento 2 de osmosis inversa se utilizan como productos con efectos anti- incrustantes los siguientes:9 - according to I and 6th claims "INTRODUCED IN PLANTS WATER TREATMENT WATER FOR REGENERATION Aquifer CONTAMINATED BY NITRATES AND METHOD FOR OPERATING IMPROVEMENTS" characterized in that phase Pretreatment 2 reverse osmosis they use the following as antifouling products:
- dihidrogenofosfato de potasio; y/o - dihidrogenofosfato de sodio; y/o- potassium dihydrogen phosphate; and / or - sodium dihydrogen phosphate; I
- fosfato tripotásico; y/o- tripotassium phosphate; I
- fosfato trisódico; y/o- trisodium phosphate; I
- hidrogenofosfato de sodio; y/o- sodium hydrogen phosphate; I
- hidrogenofosfato de potasio; y/o - pirofosfato de tetrapotásico; y/o- potassium hydrogen phosphate; and / or - tetrapotassium pyrophosphate; I
- pirofosfato de sodio; y/o- sodium pyrophosphate; I
- tripolifosfato de potasio; y/o- potassium tripolyphosphate; I
- tripolifosfato de sodio; y/o- sodium tripolyphosphate; I
- hexametafostato sódico; y/o - hexametafosfato potásico; y/o- sodium hexametaphosphate; and / or - potassium hexametaphosphate; I
- ácido fosfórico.- phosphoric acid.
10a -"PERFECCIONAMIENTOS INTRODUCIDOS EN LAS PLANTAS POTABILIZADORAS DE AGUAS PARA LA REGENERACIÓN DE ACUIFEROS CONTAMINADOS POR NITRATOS y SU PROCEDIMIENTO DE FUNCIONAMIENTO" según la Ia reivindicación, caracterizados en que en la 4a etapa el liquido pasa por el medidor de pH (52) que regula la bomba dosificadora de ácido (34), pudiéndose tomar muestras para el control externo, pasando seguidamente el agua por un transductor de presión (53) provisto de su manómetro (54) la función del transductor (53) es parar la bomba de impulsión (55) si la misma se queda sin agua,
pasando a continuación por el conductimetro (54) , previéndose antes de la bomba (55) una válvula anti-retorno (56) , la bomba de impulsión (55) incorpora un by-pass (57), con regulación automática y/o manual, dependiendo del variador de frecuencia incorporado al cuadro de control (51) , antes de que el agua entre en la membrana de osmosis inversa (58) pasa por el transductor de presión (59) , que regulará e informará al cuadro de control (51) de los valores de lectura.10 - "INTRODUCED IN THE PURIFICATION OF WATER PLANTS IMPROVEMENTS FOR REGENERATION contaminated aquifers by nitrates and its operation procedure" as I to claim, characterized in that in the 4th stage the liquid passes through the pH meter (52 ) that regulates the acid dosing pump (34), being able to take samples for external control, then passing the water through a pressure transducer (53) provided with its pressure gauge (54) the function of the transducer (53) is to stop the pump of impulsion (55) if it runs out of water, then passing through the conductimeter (54), provided before the pump (55) a non-return valve (56), the pump drive (55) incorporates a by-pass (57), with automatic and / or manual regulation , depending on the frequency converter incorporated in the control panel (51), before the water enters the reverse osmosis membrane (58) passes through the pressure transducer (59), which will regulate and inform the control panel (51). ) of the reading values.
11a -"PERFECCIONAMIENTOS INTRODUCIDOS EN LAS PLANTAS POTABILIZADORAS DE AGUAS PARA LA REGENERACIÓN DE ACUIFEROS11 a - "IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS FOR THE REGENERATION OF AQUIFERS
CONTAMINADOS POR NITRATOS y SU PROCEDIMIENTO DECONTAMINATED BY NITRATES AND THEIR PROCEDURE OF
FUNCIONAMIENTO" según la Ia y 10a reivindicaciones, caracterizados en que en la membrana de osmosis inversa (58) se produce un fenómeno inverso a la osmosis normal, que se obtiene ejerciendo sobre la disolución concentrada una presión superior a la presión osmótica, de manera que en la misma se produce la separación de nitratos y contaminantes o bien el agua es rechazada.OPERATION "according to I a and 10 to claims, characterized in that in the reverse osmosis membrane (58) a reverse phenomenon occurs to normal osmosis, which is obtained by exerting on the concentrated solution a pressure higher than the osmotic pressure, so that the separation of nitrates and pollutants occurs in it or the water is rejected.
12 a -"PERFECCIONAMIENTOS INTRODUCIDOS EN LAS PLANTAS POTABILIZADORAS DE AGUAS PARA LA REGENERACIÓN DE ACUIFEROS12 a - "IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS FOR THE REGENERATION OF AQUIFERS
CONTAMINADOS POR NITRATOS y SU PROCEDIMIENTO DECONTAMINATED BY NITRATES AND THEIR PROCEDURE OF
FUNCIONAMIENTO" según la Ia y 10a reivindicaciones, caracterizados en que el agua ya depurada a la salida de la membrana (58) pasa por un conductimetro (59) y un caudalimetro (60) , pasando finalmente por la toma de muestrasOPERATION "according to I a and 10 to claims, characterized in that the water already purified at the exit of the membrane (58) goes through a conductimeter (59) and a flow meter (60), finally passing through the sampling
(61) o bien a un depósito de agua desionizada (47) equipado con un juego de niveles (48-49), provisto (47) de un medidor de pH (62) y un caudalimetro (63) conectados al cuadro de control (51), si el agua del depósito (47) presenta los parámetros correctos medidos por el medidor de pH (62) y conductimetro (63) desde el cuadro de control (51) el agua
pasa del deposito (47) a un deposito externo (69), bombeada por la bomba de impulsión (68); si los parámetro medidos por el cuadro de control (51) a través de (62-63) en el deposito(61) or to a deionized water tank (47) equipped with a set of levels (48-49), provided (47) with a pH meter (62) and a meter (63) connected to the control panel (47). 51), if the water in the tank (47) has the correct parameters measured by the pH meter (62) and conductimeter (63) from the control panel (51) the water passes from the tank (47) to an external tank (69), pumped by the drive pump (68); if the parameters measured by the control panel (51) through (62-63) in the deposit
(47) no son correctos, el agua pasa en lo que llamaremos 5a etapa a una cloración mediante hipoclorito proveniente del depósito (24), que es bombeado por la bomba de impulsión(47) is not correct, the water passes into what we will call step 5 to a chlorination by hypochlorite from the reservoir (24), which is pumped by the pump drive
(27), hasta el deposito de agua desionizada (47), alternativamente y según la naturaleza del agua que sale de la membrana de osmosis (58) es rechazada y a través del correspondiente conducto va a parar a un depósito de rechazo (50), atravesando un conductimetro (67), conectado con el cuadro.(27), up to the deionized water tank (47), alternatively and according to the nature of the water leaving the osmosis membrane (58) it is rejected and through the corresponding conduit it goes to a reject tank (50), passing through a conductimeter (67), connected to the frame.
13 a - "PERFECCIONAMIENTOS INTRODUCIDOS EN LAS PLANTAS POTABILIZADORAS DE AGUAS PARA LA REGENERACIÓN DE ACUIFEROS CONTAMINADOS POR NITRATOS Y SU PROCEDIMIENTO DE FUNCIONAMIENTO" según la Ia y 3a reivindicaciones, caracterizados en que la planta potabilizadora (10) es móvil y de carácter modular, incorporando todos los elementos en un contenedor (11-12) y es autosuficiente al incorporar un generador de fuerza electromotriz (13) .
13 - "INTRODUCED IN PLANTS PURIFICATION OF WATER IMPROVEMENTS FOR REGENERATION Aquifer CONTAMINATED BY NITRATES AND METHOD OF OPERATION" according to I and 3rd claims, characterized in that the water treatment plant (10) is mobile and modular nature , incorporating all the elements in a container (11-12) and is self-sufficient when incorporating an electromotive force generator (13).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES2006/000680 WO2008071809A1 (en) | 2006-12-05 | 2006-12-05 | Refinements made to drinking water plants for regeneration of aquifers contaminated by nitrates and functioning procedure thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES2006/000680 WO2008071809A1 (en) | 2006-12-05 | 2006-12-05 | Refinements made to drinking water plants for regeneration of aquifers contaminated by nitrates and functioning procedure thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008071809A1 true WO2008071809A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES2006/000680 WO2008071809A1 (en) | 2006-12-05 | 2006-12-05 | Refinements made to drinking water plants for regeneration of aquifers contaminated by nitrates and functioning procedure thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| WO (1) | WO2008071809A1 (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5059317A (en) * | 1989-10-02 | 1991-10-22 | Dietrich Marius | Transportable apparatus for producing drinking water |
| FR2740129A1 (en) * | 1995-10-19 | 1997-04-25 | F Tec Indus | PROCESS FOR PRETREATMENT OF RAW WATER |
| WO1998035912A1 (en) * | 1997-02-14 | 1998-08-20 | Aw Creative Technologies Ltd. | The separation and reuse of nitrates in water |
| US6113797A (en) * | 1996-10-01 | 2000-09-05 | Al-Samadi; Riad A. | High water recovery membrane purification process |
| US20040050793A1 (en) * | 2001-09-06 | 2004-03-18 | Masaaki Ando | Method of multi-stage reverse osmosis treatment |
-
2006
- 2006-12-05 WO PCT/ES2006/000680 patent/WO2008071809A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5059317A (en) * | 1989-10-02 | 1991-10-22 | Dietrich Marius | Transportable apparatus for producing drinking water |
| FR2740129A1 (en) * | 1995-10-19 | 1997-04-25 | F Tec Indus | PROCESS FOR PRETREATMENT OF RAW WATER |
| US6113797A (en) * | 1996-10-01 | 2000-09-05 | Al-Samadi; Riad A. | High water recovery membrane purification process |
| WO1998035912A1 (en) * | 1997-02-14 | 1998-08-20 | Aw Creative Technologies Ltd. | The separation and reuse of nitrates in water |
| US20040050793A1 (en) * | 2001-09-06 | 2004-03-18 | Masaaki Ando | Method of multi-stage reverse osmosis treatment |
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