WO2006090866A1

WO2006090866A1 - Solid feed for large-sized fishes

Info

Publication number: WO2006090866A1
Application number: PCT/JP2006/303517
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hiroki Takahashi; Hirokazu Shimoe; Hiroshi Yamamoto
Original assignee: Mercian Corporation; Takuyo Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 2005-02-22
Filing date: 2006-02-20
Publication date: 2006-08-31
Also published as: JP5184076B2; AU2006216144B2; AU2006216144A1; JPWO2006090866A1; ES2328326A1; ES2328326B1

Abstract

It is intended to provide a solid feed for large-sized fishes having the core-shell type structure which is composed of (i) a shell made of a sticky material containing nutritional components of the fish feed and (ii) a core comprising a composition containing nutritional components of the fish feed. Compared with the existing solid feeds for large-sized fishes, the solid feed as described above can be produced at a low cost, has an improvement in fishes’ preference and enables the control of the retention and absorbability thereof in the intestinal tract.

Description

Specification

Solid feed for large fish

Technical field

The present invention relates to a fish culture technique, and more specifically to a solid feed for large fish.

Background art

September, 2006 As the first shipment of fully-cultured tuna by the Kinki University Fisheries Research Institute on March 3 attracted the attention of the world, now it is not limited to salmon, flounder, hamachi, etc. Expectations are growing for further development. In the technical field of fish feed that should play a part of aquaculture technology, moist pellets (MP) that can replace part or all of raw food such as sardines as feed for oysters, etc. Artificial formula feeds such as EX Truder Pellet (EP) have been developed.

However, large fish such as bluefin tuna, which uses fresh or frozen squid, anchovy, sardine, horse mackerel, chub mackerel, and squid as they grow, have the chub mackerel in terms of feed size, economy, and nutrition. Many are used. By the way, it is difficult to increase the size of compounded feed molded products simply by following the above-mentioned MP and EP manufacturing methods due to various factors in the manufacturing method, and the nutritional requirements suitable for farmed fish. It is difficult to provide a feed having an appropriate strength while maintaining absorption and excretion.

To date, proposals aimed at increasing the size include the use of multiple conventional EP pellets (solid feed) molded with an EX 卜 ruder, for example, using modified dextrin and starch. To increase the size of caking Or a large-sized one in which a plurality of these are packed in a sheep intestine or an artificial casing used for ham or sausage (see Patent Document 1, cited references will be described later, the same shall apply hereinafter). It has been suggested that the above-mentioned large-sized caking increases the digestion rate of rainbow trout in the stomach compared to conventional EP feed. In addition, the feed material for fish farming is extruded into a column with a twin screw extruder, and three or more of the columnar bodies are bundled and joined together to increase the size of the solid feed for fish farming (for example, the diameter). (Approx. 25 to 50 mm, length is 35 to 100 mm) (see Patent Document 2). The characteristics of these solid feeds for fish farming are that they can be dried in a short time, have good shape retention during extrusion and drying, and have high palatability.

On the other hand, it is not clear whether or not it is suitable for enlargement, but as the structure of solid feed is interesting, a double-nozzle extractor is used, and heat stability like vaccines and drugs is at the center. Cylindrical type or force-pessel type in which essential components of weakly cultured fish are contained in the center are provided (see Patent Document 3). As an effect of such a feed, it is mentioned that “a special feed that can be reliably administered to farmed fish in the form of oral administration of an acupuncture drug” can be mentioned. In addition, as a substitute for squirrels, etc., two different types of hard and soft fishing bait ingredients including fish surimi are used, molded into a hard compound ingredient tube packed with soft compound ingredients, and the appropriate length There has been provided a fishing bait having a structure similar to sandworms and the like, which is characterized by being heated after being cut (see Patent Document 4).

Disclosure of the invention As described above, although a wide variety of solid feeds have been proposed, the present inventors are not yet aware of the existence of artificial solid feeds that have been successfully used for tuna farming. Among the above-mentioned patent documents, the most recently disclosed solid feed described in Patent Document 1 is that the digestion rate of rainbow trout in the stomach is increased, the disintegration property in the digestive tract is excellent, and the like. Has been suggested. However, according to the experience of the present inventors, in large fish such as bluefin tuna, it was confirmed that the digestibility and disintegration property of the solid feed in the stomach sometimes resulted in the excretion of undigested substances containing nutrient components. Has been.

Therefore, in order to stabilize the digestion and absorption of nutrients, it is desirable to provide a solid feed that remains in the stomach for a certain period of time and stays in the stomach and intestines for a long time. It is also desirable that various types of raw materials can be provided by using a variety of raw materials in a simple manner, and the present inventors unexpectedly diverted a baling machine (a so-called bun manufacturing machine), In addition, using a device with the same function as a wrapping machine, using a certain raw material as the skin material and the material to be included, respectively, along the axis (or along the long axis direction) Cut surface is oval or almost rectangular, and the outer shape is a cylindrical shape or rectangular parallelepiped, or a flat shape of a cylindrical shape (a shape that is deformed by pressing the cylindrical object in the short axis direction) Or) A so-called core-seal type solid feed having a structure of a shell (outer shell) and a core (inner core) in the shape of fortune salmon, anpan, cream puff, banana, migratory fish (eg, anchovy, mackerel, horse mackerel, saury) It has been found that a feed that meets the above-mentioned demands or needs can be provided by manufacturing a solid feed that is planned to be heat-dried in Patent Documents 1 and 2, according to the present invention. For solid feed, heat dry It was found that not only is it suitable for feeding in a frozen state, but it can also improve the utilization efficiency of the feed. Furthermore, according to the present invention, it has also been found that thawing after freezing, and if necessary, air-drying can further increase the physical strength of the solid feed before freezing.

The present invention has been completed based on the above findings.

Therefore, according to the present invention, (i) the shell is composed of a sticky substance containing a nutrient substance for fish food, and (ί ί) the core contains a composition containing the fish food itself or a nutrition ingredient for fish meal. A solid feed for large fish in the form of a core-shell type is provided.

In addition, those solid feeds that are in a frozen state, as well as those that are frozen and then air-dried if necessary, are also provided.

In addition, as a method for producing a solid feed for large fish that can efficiently produce the above-mentioned solid feed,

The following method:

(a) Mixing nutrients for fish food with adhesive substances' Adding water to crushed dough and kneading to prepare shell material (shell forming material)

(b) The step of using the fish food as it is or adding the water to the composition containing the nutritional components as necessary and kneading to prepare the inner packaging material (core forming material);

(c) A cutting opening of a foreskin cutting device capable of performing multiple foreskin cuttings of the rod-shaped feed dough having a double structure from the outer shell material and the inner packaging material obtained in steps (a) and (b) The process of supplying to

(d) a step of foreskin cutting the rod-shaped feed dough with an appropriate length; (e) optionally further comprising a step of freezing the foreskin cut product obtained in (d) into a suitable shape and freezing; and

(f) Optionally, there is provided a method for producing a solid feed for large fish comprising the step of thawing frozen solids.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 is an external view of a solid feed produced in Production Example 3 and a photograph (a) and (b), respectively, replacing a cross-sectional view along the axis (long axis).

Fig. 2 is a photograph (in each case (a) and (b)) showing the state of the stomach contents of the anchovy-fed fish and the contents of the stomach of the core-shell type pellet-fed fish in the salary embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a photograph instead of a drawing showing the shape of the rectangular parallelepiped core-shell type pellets used in Feeding Example 2. Photo a replaces the external view, and photos b and c replace the cross-sectional views along the major and minor axes, respectively.

Detailed description of the invention

The term “large fish” as used in the present invention mainly refers to bluefin tuna, yellowfin, bigeye, albacore, southern bluefin tuna, cocinaga, and bluefin tuna and other adults such as adult tuna, puri and other salmon. According to the present invention, since the size of the chow can be freely adjusted, the size of the large fish is not limited, but generally the total length is about 25 cm or more, the body weight is about 300 g or more, preferably More than 1 000 g, specifically for fish of a size equivalent to juvenile bluefin tuna (yoko ヮ), adults of puri, and adults of salmon it can. The target fish breeding or farming includes not only the purpose of growth but also the purpose of improving the quality of fish meat.

According to the present invention, since the shell is composed of an adhesive substance containing a nutrient for fish food, the form of the core-single structure can be fed without being crushed, and as a raw material for the core, A wide variety can be selected. In addition, fish's palatability can be enhanced by containing nutrients for fish food. The adhesive substance is not limited as long as it exhibits such an action and effect, but it is not limited. Modified starch, raw starch, wheat gluten, gua gum, carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, collagen, carrageenan And a kind selected from the group consisting of sodium alginate, agar and xanthan gum, and a mixture of two or more thereof. Of these, in particular, the use of at least modified starch increases the strength of the resulting solid feed, and the rate of use can control, for example, the disintegration property of the solid feed in the stomach and absorb nutrients in the intestines. Can increase the sex. Examples of the raw starch used for the modified starch include potato starch, corn starch, tapio starch, and the like. Starch of any origin may be used.

As a nutrient for fish food, it will increase the palatability of solid feed, while it will not reduce the structural strength of shells and can be dispersed uniformly in the shell layer containing adhesive substances. Anything can be used. Such nutritional substances include, but are not limited to, fish meal, krill meal, squid meal, fish meat surimi, pig or chicken meat, meat powder, pig meal, bone meal, feather meal, blood meal, Animal powder such as wheat flour, rye flour, barley flour, etc., soybean meal, corn glute Vegetable meal such as Noodle, Rapeseed oil meal, Soybean flour, Red bean meal, etc. Bean flour, Non-fat rice meal, Rice bran, etc. Brewing meal such as Beer meal, Shochu, etc., Beer yeast, Torula yeast Yeasts such as fish oil, soybean oil, corn oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, and other fats and oils such as sardines, mackerel, horse mackerel, saury, saury or krill, and mash Powdered mixed feed for aquaculture can be mentioned. A mixture of two or more of these nutrient substances is also included in the nutrient substance.

The use ratio of the adhesive substance for fish food cannot be specified because the optimum value varies depending on the type of combination of the nutrient substance and the viscous substance, but is generally 5% by weight or more, preferably 10% by weight or more, particularly preferably 1 Can be selected to be 5% by weight or more. Further, when 100% to 5% by weight of the adhesive substance is converted to starch, as described above, the strength of the obtained solid feed can be increased, the disintegration property of the solid feed in the stomach can be controlled, and the nutrients in the intestine can be controlled. Absorbability can be increased.

As a composition containing the fish feed itself constituting the core part or its nutritional component, any composition that does not adversely affect the strength of the structure of the shell and is useful for breeding or farming large fish can be used. It may be a raw material. However, but not limited to, for example, fish meal, krill meal, squid meal, fish surimi, animal meal from pigs or birds, bone meal from pigs or birds, feather meal, blood meal, animal powders, etc. Flour such as wheat flour, rye flour, barley flour, etc., soy bean meal, corn gluten meal, vegetable oil meal such as rapeseed oil meal, soybean meal, red bean meal, etc., defatted rice meal, rice meal, etc. Brewers such as beer lees, shochu lees, yeasts such as beer yeast, torula yeast, fish oil, soybean oil, corn oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil , Sardines, mackerel, horse mackerel, saury, minced or cut pieces of seafood such as squid or krill, powdered aquatic mixed feed called mash, sardines, mackerel, horse mackerel, saury, Fresh seafood such as squid, clams or krill, sardines, mackerel, horse mackerel, saury, squid, clams, frozen seafood such as clams, and mixed feed for fish. Also included in the composition are mixtures of two or more of these fish foods per se or compositions containing their nutritional components. As used herein, sardines, mackerel, and horse mackerel are generic names. For example, sardine means a concept that includes sardines, anchovy, sardines, and the like.

Most of the nutritional components or compositions described above or their raw materials are commercially available or can be used with some modifications.

The core raw material can contain a large amount of oil or fat including fish oil and tallow. For example, a fish paste can be added to fish feed to form a paste that has fluidity and can be used as a core. Up to 40% by weight, preferably 35% by weight, based on the total weight of the core material. Up to oil can be included. For cores or shells, vitamins such as vitamin B, vitamin E, and vitamin C, minerals such as zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, and magnesium sulfate, which are usually used as feed additives, proteases, amylases , Lipase and other digestive enzymes, lactic acid bacteria and other live bacteria, pigments, and the like.

The core-shell type solid feed having such a composition is not limited in size as described above, but when converted into a sphere, it corresponds to a sphere having a diameter of 2 cm or more, preferably 5 cm or more. Furthermore, the diameter of the cross section is 1-7 cm, preferably 2-5 cm, It is strongly contemplated to provide a cigar or banana type having a longitudinal length of 6 to 30 cm, preferably 10 to 20 cm. In the case of an almost rectangular parallelepiped, it can be 1 to 3 cm in length, 2 to 6 cm in width, and 3 to 20 cm in depth. The almost rectangular parallelepiped means that the part corresponding to each side may be rounded. However, the shape and size of the solid feed of the present invention can be any shape, and may be appropriately selected depending on the fish species to be reared, the size, and the like. In particular, the solid feed of the present invention can be manufactured using a device that has a function equivalent to that of a baling machine, and is perpendicular to the axis (or perpendicular to the long axis direction). The cut surface is oval or rectangular, and the outer shape is a cylindrical shape or a rectangular parallelepiped, or a flat shape of a cylindrical shape (deforms by pressing the cylindrical shape in the short axis direction) For example, the appearance of cigars, bananas, spheres, mitakes, or mimics of migratory fish (eg, anchovy, mackerel, horse mackerel, saury), etc. Can be provided in various shapes. The shape of the solid feed, in combination with the feeding environment (for example, changes in water temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity of the sea surface, high or low salinity, presence or absence of ocean currents, etc.) affects the feeding rate. However, in general, a flat shape and a substantially rectangular parallelepiped are preferable, and a flat shape is particularly preferable.

From the standpoint of solid feed strength and retention in the digestive tract of fish, the average thickness of the shell in the core-shell is generally 5% to 95% of the cross-sectional size of the solid feed, preferably 1 It can be selected to be 0% to 40%, more preferably 10% to 30%. Also, when expressed as weight ⁰ / o of the shell portion per total weight of the core first shell, more specific gravity of the raw materials used, respectively, will vary somewhat, the shell portion is generally 5-9 0%, preferably 1 0% to 7 5%, more preferably it is and the child to choose to be 1 0 ⁰ / & ~ 5 0%. Although the average thickness is mentioned above, the thickness of the shell part in the solid feed is preferably uniform. However, there may be some variation as long as the purpose of the present invention is met. Further, it is desirable that substantially the entire surface of the core part is covered with the shell part. Substantially entirely covered by the shell means that the core surface is at least 90% force, preferably 95% or more, particularly preferably 100%. I mean.

The strength of the solid feed can be efficiently moved far away by a feeder without being crushed, for example, to a place 5 m or more away at an appropriate angle via a transfer pipe connected to a pressurized blower. It is preferable to select the structure of the seal part as much as possible. As a typical example of such a feeding machine, an air feeding machine JM M-1100 ES manufactured by Furuta Electric Co., Ltd. can be mentioned.

According to the present invention, since the solid feed in the frozen state is also provided, it is not always necessary to efficiently feed far away by the feeder when in the unfrozen state, but considering the convenience of handling, Those having the structure of the shell portion as described above are preferable. If the solid feed with a shell having such a structure is frozen and then thawed and air-dried, the mechanism is not clear, but the strength can be improved compared to the solid feed prior to freezing. Freezing corresponds to the solid feed in the frozen state according to the present invention even if at least 50% of the shell part is frozen, preferably 80% or more, but preferably 100% Can be mentioned in a frozen state. Although not limited by theory, according to the present invention, the frozen solid feed is prevented from freezing, so that the oil content of the core portion is prevented from penetrating into the shell portion. For this reason, it is possible to improve the retainability of the Riesel part and to further improve the stability in water, that is, it is difficult to disintegrate or dissolve, even when left at room temperature without freezing.

The above solid feed can be efficiently produced by diverting a wrapping machine provided as another aspect of the present invention and using an apparatus having the same function as the wrapping machine. An example of such an apparatus is Martian (registered trademark) manufactured by Leon Automatic Co., Ltd. Although not limited, a method for producing a solid feed that can be suitably used will be described below.

(i) Shell material preparation process

In the shell material preparation process, any device and method may be used as long as the raw materials of the shell can be mixed well. For example, a eel kneading bait adjuster (Nishimura Seiki Kogyo Co., Ltd.) For example, a kneading baler can be used conveniently. In the eel kneading bait dispenser, put the sticky substance and the nutrients for fish food well and mix them together so that the sticky substance and the nutrient substance are mixed evenly. Add water as needed to make a shell with moderate viscosity. In this process, the adhesive substance and the nutrient substance are mixed in advance so that the adhesive substance and the nutrient substance are more evenly mixed (V-MixerVM manufactured by Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd. — 30 type, etc.) may be used for mixing.

(i ί) Core material preparation process

In the preparation process of the core material, any apparatus and method may be used as long as each raw material of the core can be mixed well. For example, a moisture pellet granulator (SH 500 manufactured by Furuta Electric Co., Ltd.) 0 Type I or NGM Techno MGM 2 0 0 0 KT etc.) can be used conveniently. Add the fish feed itself or a composition containing its nutrients to the mixing tank of the Moi 卜 pellet granulator and mix well. Then, the core extruded from the Mois 卜 pellet granulator is used as the core.

(i i i) Core-seal pellet molding process

As long as the core material can be wrapped with the shell material, any device and method can be used in the core-shell type pellets 成型 molding process. It is convenient to use Martian CN 5 00 or Roboseven AR 8 0 0 manufactured by Kovado Corporation. In the upper part of the packaging machine, the shell material prepared as described above is introduced into the outer shell material charging hopper, and the core material prepared as described above is input into the inner packaging material input hopper. The core-shell type pellets 任意 of any size and shape can be obtained by adjusting the rotation of the conveying motor of the inner packaging material, the nozzle ring size, and the operation interval of the cutter. If necessary, the molded product thus obtained can be pressed into a specific direction to obtain a deformed molded product.

(i V) Freezing or freezing process

Any freezing process can be used as long as the core-shell type pellets are not stuck together and block, but it is convenient to use a tunnel freezer with excellent freezing efficiency. is there. Normally, the tunnel freezer is operated at 110 ° C to 1 35 ° C. The lower the temperature, the shorter the freezing time, which is advantageous. However, as described above, the core-shell type pellets can be used if the temperature does not block. The frozen solid feed produced in this way can be thawed and fed if necessary. Defrost Any method or device may be used as long as it does not cause the collapse of the Archel-type pellets 卜 or the deterioration of the components. Usually, the solid feed of the present invention which has been thawed can be obtained by allowing it to stand in a room cooled to room temperature or about 15 ° C. with ventilation as necessary.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to specific examples.

Production Example 1

(1) L: Preparation process for L lumber

Use a blender (V-MIXERVM-3 0, manufactured by Fuji Baudal Co., Ltd.) in advance in an unagi kneader-feeding machine (Nishimura Seiki Kogyo Kneader, processing capacity approx. 10 kg per batch). The mixed fish meal, starch, vitamin mix, mineral mix, fish oil and water were added and mixed well to mix evenly to obtain a shell material. The mixing ratio of each component in the shell material was as shown in Table 1 below. Table 1: Mixing ratio of each component of seal material

(2) Core material preparation process Into the mixing tank of Mois topelle granulator (Sankoichi Techno Co., Ltd. MGM 200 0 KT), Mercian Co., Ltd., mixed feed for rice cultivating Hamakaze ST (trade name), fish oil, frozen anchovy cut pieces, The core material was mixed well and then extruded from a Mois 卜 pellet granulator. The blending ratio of the core material was as shown in Table 2 below. In addition, the feed additive and the blending ratio of Hamakaze ST are as shown in Table 3 below, and the amount of each elementary component is as shown in Table 4. Table 2: Mixing ratio of core material

Table 3: Feed additive and blending ratio of Hamakaze ST

Contains feed additives:

Vitamin A, vitamin D _3, vitamin E, vitamin C, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, inositol, vitamin B _2, vitamin B folic acid, vitamin B _{1 2,} Biochin, vitamin K _3, iron sulfate, Nebayuizai ( Carpoxymethylcellulose sodium)

Toxikin Raw material name, etc .:

Table 4: Hamakaze ST content

(3) Core-shell type pellet molding process

At the top of the packaging machine (Leon Automatic Co., Ltd. Martian CC5 00), shell material is put into the outer shell material charging hopper, and core material is loaded into the inner packaging material feeding hopper, respectively. Set the material transport motor rotation to 36.5 (scale of the packaging machine), nozzle 1 2 mm, ring 2 O mm, force cutter operation interval 1 second, short diameter 20 mm A cylindrical core-shell pellet with a major axis of 60 mm was manufactured. At that time, the thickness of the shell part averaged 20%.

(4) Freezing process of core-shell type pellets

The molded core-shell type pellets 直接 were directly frozen using a tunnel freezer at −35 ° C. with a contact time (passage time) of 15 minutes. Production Example 2

The operating mode of the packaging machine in Production Example 1 is 76.2, 99.5 (scale of the packaging machine), nose 36 6 mm, ring 42 Except for the change to mm, the procedure of Production Example 1 was repeated to obtain a core-shell pellet with a minor axis of 42 mm and a major axis of 100 mm.

Production Example 3

The operating mode of the packaging machine in Manufacturing Example 1 is 76.2, 99.5 (scale of the packaging machine), nose 36 6 mm, ring Except for changing the operation interval of 48 mm and cutter once to 2 seconds, repeat the procedure in Production Example 1 to obtain a core-shell pellet with a minor axis of 5 O mm and a major axis of 12 Omm. Obtained. Fig. 1 shows a photograph that replaces the drawing of the solid feed obtained. In the figure, (a) shows the appearance, and (b) is a photograph replacing the cross-sectional view along the long axis.

Production Example 4: Production of solid feed with various proportions of core material and shell: L

(1) Preparation of seal material

Unaki "Noodle Feeder (Nishimura Seiki Kogyo Co., Ltd.) and a blender (V-MIXER VM-30, manufactured by Fuji Baudal Co., Ltd.), pre-mixed with fish meal, starch, The mixture of vitamin mix and mineral mix, and fish oil and water were mixed well so as to mix evenly, and the shell material was the same as in Table 1 of Production Example 1. is there.

(2) Preparation of core material Moist pellet granulator MGM 2 00 KT) manufactured by Sanko Techno Co., Ltd., fish powder, wheat flour powder, soybean meal, vitamin mix, mineral mix manufactured by Mercian Corporation Yatsushiro Feed Mill The core material was the mixture, frozen anchovy cut pieces, water, mixed, and extruded from the granulator. The blending ratio of the core material was as shown in Table 5 below. Table 5: Mixing ratio of core material

Shell material and wrapping material hopper for wrapping machine (Leon Automatic Co., Ltd. Martian CC5 0 0) are put in the shell material and core material is put in the hopper for inner packaging material, respectively. A core-seal type solid feed was produced under the conditions of thickness ratios (corresponding weight ratios) shown in Table 6 below. Table 6

The specific gravity of the shell material and the core material was 1 ■ 04 and 1.1 2 respectively.

None of the solid feeds in Table 6 were disrupted when fed by the air feeder J MM-1100 ES described below. A shell ratio (thickness) strength of 5% to 30% is preferable from the viewpoint of the nutritional value of cultured fish.

Salary implementation example 1

(1) Feeding

The average fish weight of 2.3 kg of bluefin tuna fish cultivated with frozen feed such as anchovy, small girls, etc. mx 10 m (depth)) and fed the frozen shellfish sardines and core-shell type pellets obtained in Production Example 1 for a full day. Table 7 below shows the amount of each feed component. In addition, the average daily amount of anchovy for an acclimatization period of 7 days was 45 kg. Then, fasted for 2 days, the next day, fed the core-shell type pellets 20.4 kg of the production example so that the amount of the frozen anchovy 45 kg and the dry matter weight excluding the water amount became the same amount, The complete eating was confirmed by visual inspection. The water temperature at the time of paying was 17.5 ° C.

For both frozen anchovy and core-shell type pellets, the salary was supplied by using an air single feeder JMM— 1 0 0 ES manufactured by Furuta Electric Co., Ltd. The core-shell type pellets 卜 did not collapse during feeding.

The component analysis of frozen anchovy and core-scale pellets was carried out according to the “Feed Analysis Standards (Notice of the Director of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Agriculture No. 1 660 on January 15, 1995)”. Table F: Amount of ingredients in feed

* Dry matter weight-Feed-Moisture content (2) Observation of gastric retention

In addition, 7 hours after feeding, we picked up each bluefin tuna that was fed anchovy and core-shell-type beetle pods, and confirmed the digestion status of the food in the stomach. The bluefin tuna caught was larger than the average size, and 4.7 kg of anchovy-fed fish and 4.5 kg of core-shell pelleted fish. A photograph in place of a drawing showing the state of digestion is attached [(a) is a feed derived from the stomach of anchovy-fed fish, (b) is a feed derived from the stomach of a fish fed with a core-shell type pellet). The anchovy was quite digested, but the core-shell type pellet was dissolved in the surface, but the pellet shape was retained and it was confirmed that it stayed in the stomach for a certain period of time. .

Feeding example 2

This example is a feeding rate confirmation test in which two types of core-shell type pellets with different shapes of a cylindrical shape and a rectangular parallelepiped (the cross section in the short axis direction is rectangular) are fed to a bluefin tuna 2-year-old fish.

(1-1) Manufacture of cylindrical core-shell type pellets に used in the test The operation mode of the packaging machine in Production Example 1 is the same as 3 1.0 and Set to 46.7 (scale of the baling machine), nozzle 25mm, ring 3 2mm, cutter operation interval 1 time / · Changed to 2 seconds, and Mercian's marine fish breeding formula Feed: N EW Weight Up HCS (trade name) and frozen fish (chosen from power sardine, mackerel, saury) cut pieces are used except for the core material adjusted in the mixing ratio shown in Table 8 below. Repeat step 1 to make a cylindrical core-shell type pellet with a minor axis of 3 2 mm and a major axis of 100 mm. Created. For the shape, refer to Photo 1 (a) and (b) in place of the drawing in Figure 1.

(1-2) A rectangular parallelepiped core;] Manufacture of a single pellet

Except for changing the nozzle and ring of the wrapping machine to a 28 mm X 17 mm rectangular nozzle and a 36 mm X 22 mm rectangular ring respectively, the cylindrical core: : The same operation as the Le type was repeated to create a 36 mm x 22 mm 100 mm rectangular parallelepiped single shell type pellet (see photos a, b and c in Fig. 3).

Table 8 Core mixing ratio

N EW weight up H C S Feed additive used, blending ratio and amount of ingredients

Crude protein 2 3.5% or more Crude fat 40.0% or more Coarse fiber 2.0.0% or less Coarse ash 1 3.0% or less Carridium 1.5% or more

1.0% or more

Name of feed additive contained

Vitamin A, vitamin D ₃ , vitamin E, choline, vitamin C, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, inositol, vitamin B ₂ ,

Vitamin B ₆ , Vitamin B, Folic acid, Vitamin B ₂ , Biotin, Vitamin, Iron sulfate, Magnesium sulfate, Zinc sulfate, Mann sulfate Cancer, copper sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, calcium oxalate, cobalt sulfate, etoxykin

Raw material name

(2) Feeding rate confirmation test method

Blue sea bream with an estimated average weight of 14 kg, which is cultivated by feeding frozen fish after thawing, with sea surface small ginger (40 m x 25 m x 20 m (depth)) Thousands of the above-mentioned cylindrical and cuboid core shell pellets were thrown into the fish, 1,500 tails by hand, and the feeding condition was confirmed visually. The water temperature was 2 7.7 ° C and the weather was clear.

(3) Feeding rate confirmation test results

Table 9 shows the test results. In Table 9, “not fed” means that the thrown core-shell pellet was not eaten at all, and “after-feeding discharge” means the state after being swallowed and then discharged. A bait represents a completely swallowed state. In this test, the seawater temperature fluctuated immediately before the test, and about half of the cylindrical core-shell type pellets were not fed, and most of them were once fed. I was exhaled. The rectangular parallelepiped core single shell type pellets settle down so that it drifts in the water after landing, all the thrown-in things are fed, or partly exhaled, to stimulate the willingness to eat bluefin tuna. The power that was there was another chrominance Gros fed and confirmed 100% feeding as a result. Based on this result, it was estimated that for the bluefin tuna of around 14 kg, the feeding rate was higher in the rectangular parallelepiped core-shell pellet than in the cylindrical core-shell shell pellets.

Table 9

Feeding Example 3

(1) Manufacture of cylindrical core and single shell pellets used for testing

The operation mode of the packaging machine in Production Example 1 is set to 31.0 and 46.7 (scale of the packaging machine) respectively for the outer skin material and the endothelial material transport motor rotation, and the nozzle 25 mm, Ring 3 2mm, cutter operation interval once changed to 2 seconds, and mixed feed for marine fish breeding made by Mercian Co., Ltd .: N EW weight up H CS (trade name) and frozen fish Except that the core material adjusted with the blending ratio shown in Table 8 above was used, the procedure of Production Example 1 was repeated to produce a cylindrical core-one-shell pellet with a minor axis of 32 mm and a major axis of 120 mm. For the shape, see (a) and (b) in Photo 1 instead of the drawing in Figure 1.

(2) Tuna breeding

We began breeding bluefin tuna with 54 4 year-old bluefin tuna with an average fish weight of approximately 34.5 kg in a circular ginger (diameter 2 Om x 15 m (depth)). Since it was difficult to measure the live weight of bluefin tuna that had been bred, three fish were taken on the day before the start of the breeding, the fish weight was measured after death, and the average value was taken as the average fish weight. (3) Rearing results

Table 10 below shows the results of breeding for 3 60 days after the start of breeding (water temperature: 15.5 ° C to 27.9 ° C). The average fish weight at the end of the breeding period was taken at random on the last day, and the weight was measured after death, and the average value was recorded. The feeding of the core-shell type pellets during the breeding period was It was generally good. Twenty-six domestic fish raised in this way were sold in the market in the Keihan and Tohoku areas, and the strength and appearance and quality of meat confirmed for the evaluation of the domesticated fish were good. In addition, the growth rate of fish by this breeding was not inferior compared to the case of using frozen fish as food.

The cause of death during breeding is presumed to be due to collision death on the small-ginger structure.

Table 1 0

List of cited references Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-97 064

Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent No. 3 243497

Patent Document 3: JP-A-8-280333

Patent Document 4: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-210935

Industrial applicability

According to the present invention, when large fish are bred, feed is provided that exhibits a breeding effect comparable to that of frozen fish such as sardines, mackerel, horse mackerel and saury currently used as food. Therefore, the present invention can be used in the feed manufacturing industry, fish farming industry, and the like.

The scope of the claims

1. A solid chow for large fish in the form of a core-shell type, where the shell is composed of a sticky substance containing nutrients for fish feed, and the core contains the fish feed itself or nutrients for fish feed. The said solid feed which comprises the composition to contain.

2. The adhesive substance is one or more selected from the group consisting of modified starch, raw starch, wheat gluten, guar gum, carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, collagen, carrageenan, sodium alginate, agar and xanthan gum. The solid feed described in 1.

3. The solid feed according to claim 2, wherein the adhesive substance contains at least a modified starch.

4. Nutrients for fish food included in the sticky substances are fish meal, krill meal, squid meal, fish meat, meat meal, bone meal, animal meal powder, cereal meal, vegetable oil meal, legume meal, potato, brewing The solid according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of sharks, yeasts, fats and oils, seafood mince, and powdered mixed feed for aquaculture. feed.

5. Fish meal itself or a composition containing nutritional ingredients for fish meal is fish meal, krill meal, squid meal, fish meal, meat meal, bone meal, animal meal powder, potato meal, vegetable oil meal, legume meal, potato meal, Breasted sardines, yeasts, oils and fats, seafood mince, powdered aquatic mixed feed, fresh seafood, frozen seafood, and mash and steam pellets (DP) produced from one or more of them A kind selected from the group consisting of Xetruder Perez EP (EP)

Claims

Or the solid feed in any one of Claims 1-4 which is a combination of 2 or more types.

6. The solid feed according to claim 5, further comprising one or more of vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and optionally, nutrients selected from the group consisting of growth hormones.

7. The solid feed according to claim 1, wherein the size of the solid feed corresponds to a sphere having a diameter of 2 cm or more when converted into a spherical product.

8. The solid feed according to claim 7, wherein a substantially whole surface of the core part is covered with a seal part.

9. The solid feed according to claim 7 or 8, wherein an average thickness of the shell portion is 5 to 80% of a cross-sectional size of the solid feed (based on a radius when converted into a spherical product).

10. The solid feed according to claim 1, wherein the solid feed can be efficiently fed far away by a feeding machine without being crushed.

1 1. The solid feed according to claim 1, which is in a frozen state.

1 2. The solid feed according to claim 1, which has been thawed after being frozen.

1 3. Adhesive substances are fish meal, krill meal, squid meal, fish meal, meat meal, bone meal, animal meal powder, cereal meal, vegetable oil meal, legume meal, potato meal, brewed meal, yeast, oil and fat, The solid feed according to claim 11 or 12, which is one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds selected from the group consisting of seafood mince and powdered mixed feed for aquatic products.

1 4. Fish meal itself or a composition containing nutritional ingredients for fish meal is fish meal, krill meal, squid meal, fish meal, meat meal, bone meal, animal quality Flour, cereal flour, vegetable oil lees, legume flour, lees, brewed lees, yeasts, fats and oils, fresh seafood mince, powdered aquatic mixed feed, seafood, frozen seafood, and one of them Mash and steam pellets manufactured from the above

The solid feed according to claim 13, which is one or a combination of two or more selected from the group consisting of (DP) and extruder pellet (EP).

1 5. (a) Mixing nutrients for fish food with adhesive substances '' Adding water to the powdered dough and kneading to prepare the shell material (seal-forming material),

(b) The step of using the fish food as it is or adding the water to the composition containing the nutritional component for fish food, if necessary, and kneading to prepare the inner packaging material (core-forming material),

(d) a step of foreskin cutting the rod-shaped feed dough with an appropriate length;

(e) In some cases, the step of further preparing the frozen foreskin obtained in (d) into a suitable shape and freezing, and

(f) The method for producing a solid feed for large fish according to claim 1, further comprising: (f) optionally a step of thawing the frozen solid.