WO2006057284A1 - 溶射ノズル装置およびそれを用いた溶射装置 - Google Patents
溶射ノズル装置およびそれを用いた溶射装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006057284A1 WO2006057284A1 PCT/JP2005/021555 JP2005021555W WO2006057284A1 WO 2006057284 A1 WO2006057284 A1 WO 2006057284A1 JP 2005021555 W JP2005021555 W JP 2005021555W WO 2006057284 A1 WO2006057284 A1 WO 2006057284A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- thermal spray
- spray material
- thermal
- carrier gas
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
- B05B12/08—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means
- B05B12/084—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material already sprayed on the target, e.g. coating thickness, weight or pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/126—Detonation spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/129—Flame spraying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
- B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
- B05B7/224—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material having originally the shape of a wire, rod or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
- B05B7/228—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermal spray nozzle for forming a surface coating layer on a substrate, a thermal spray nozzle apparatus that can be used for various purposes as an injection nozzle for three-dimensional additive manufacturing, and a thermal spray apparatus using the thermal spray nozzle apparatus. is there.
- Cold spray technology is different from other thermal spraying methods, and there is an advantage that it can suppress the oxidation in the coating without changing the properties of the material due to heat. It can also be applied to fats.
- This type of cold spray technology is mainly intended for film formation, but is not limited to this, and it has been proposed to be applied to thermal spraying methods for the purpose of manufacturing three-dimensional structures.
- the so-called three-dimensional additive manufacturing method for forming a three-dimensional structure using three-dimensional CAD is called rapid prototyping, and uses shape data input on three-dimensional CAD.
- a three-dimensional model (three-dimensional model) is directly formed by layering one layer at a time without machining (three-dimensional additive manufacturing), and was originally developed as a method for modeling prototypes in a short time It is.
- the three-dimensional additive manufacturing method includes: a) an optical modeling method using a photocurable resin; b) a powder using a powder.
- laminating methods There are known laminating methods, c) inkjet methods, d) thin plate laminating methods in which thin plates such as paper, plastic sheets or metals are laminated.
- optical modeling method of a for example, there is an SLA1 system manufactured and sold by 3D Systems of Valencia, California. This system polymerizes a liquid polymer plastic material on the surface irradiated with a laser beam by a UV laser to form a layer, then lowers the layer and produces a laser-generated polymerization process until the desired layer thickness is obtained. The modeling is performed by sequentially repeating the steps.
- SLS selective laser sintering
- the ink-jet method of c) can be broadly divided into two types, one of which was developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It is a method of hardening and additive manufacturing. The other is a method of layered modeling by directly injecting modeling material.
- the method of jetting and solidifying by ink jet has a problem that the powder of the unnecessary part must be removed after the jetting is finished, and the powder is scattered at the time of removal.
- the method of directly jetting the modeling material by ink jet is easy to handle the apparatus without scattering of material particles.
- the thin plate laminating method of d) is a part involved by cutting into an appropriate shape so as to form a part using a thin metal foil layer, and stacking and bonding the formed laminated pieces to each other. When it is formed, it is ⁇ ⁇ .
- the nozzle force protruding material is heated and melted with a laser beam, and discharged onto the substrate in a molten state under the pressure of a compressed gas (see, for example, Patent Document 2) or a gas flow
- Patent Document 2 a metallic wire supplied in parallel with the wire is melted by electric discharge and is made to fly in the air with a gas flow
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-76157
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-165061
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-292940
- the one described in Patent Document 2 has a holding portion for holding the thermal spray material, and an end portion of the holding portion that is arranged to face each other with a predetermined interval.
- the thermal spray material protruding from the part is brought into contact with the reference surface of the opposite part, the thermal spray material is heated and melted with a laser beam, and the gas pressure of the compressed gas is applied to the molten thermal spray material from a direction perpendicular to the thermal spray material. Therefore, there is a problem that it is difficult to control the lamination state on the substrate because the gas flow is disturbed by the sprayed material protruding so as to obstruct the flow path.
- the one described in Patent Document 3 has a fine hole for sending gas in an injection device body forming a nozzle, and a guide pipe for passing a wire rod is provided in the fine hole.
- the first electrode is provided near the tip of the fine hole, and the second electrode is provided on the extension line of the wire away from the fine hole. Then, a voltage is applied between the electrodes to melt the wire positioned between the electrodes to form a molten sphere, and the molten sphere is separated and flew by a gas flow.
- the molten sphere can be ejected with a uniform size, the molten sphere is caused to fly by the gas flow after being ejected radially from the nozzle force. It is difficult to control the lamination state.
- the present invention has been made in consideration of the problems in the conventional thermal spraying method as described above, and a thermal spray nozzle device capable of accurately realizing a uniform and dense metal lamination and using the same A thermal spraying apparatus is provided.
- a thermal spray nozzle device introduces a carrier gas into the inlet side of a nozzle, A spray nozzle device that forms a supersonic gas flow over the entire area, atomizes the spray material by the gas flow, and discharges the spray material in a state substantially parallel to the gas flow.
- a spraying material insertion portion that is inserted into the nozzle from the side, and a spraying material melting means that heats and melts the spraying material protruding from the spraying material insertion portion in the vicinity of the tip of the spraying material insertion portion. It is essential that melted and atomized spray particles are rapidly cooled by a supersonic gas flow in the nozzle and discharged in a solidified state or a semi-solidified state.
- thermal spray material melting means in the thermal spray nozzle device a laser device that is focused in the vicinity of the tip of the thermal spray material insertion portion can be provided, and arc discharge passes near the tip of the thermal spray material insertion portion. This is achieved by providing a pair of discharge electrodes on the inner wall of the nozzle in a state of facing each other.
- the thermal spray material melting means includes a thermal spray material insertion portion into which a plurality of thermal spray materials can be inserted into the nozzle, and the tip portion of each thermal spray material is configured as a discharge electrode that generates arc discharge. It can also be. In this case, it has a hollow chamber provided on the inlet side of the nozzle, and two carrier gas supply pipes that communicate with the hollow chamber and introduce a carrier gas in a counterflow. If a cylindrical sprayed material insertion portion is arranged at a position where it collides with the carrier gas discharged into the chamber, the swirling flow in the cross section perpendicular to the nozzle flow direction can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to reduce the flow component that blows the molten droplet at the arc melting point toward the wall surface.
- thermal spray nozzle device if a heating means for heating the thermal spray solidified particles adhering to the inner wall of the nozzle to the melting point or higher is provided, only the carrier gas is supplied simultaneously with the heating, so that the thermal spray adhering to the inner wall of the nozzle is supplied. Cleaning for removing the material particles can be performed.
- this heating means is configured to heat the spray material in the nozzle during spraying, the spray material particles at the time of substrate collision can be set to a desired temperature, so that optimum adhesion can be obtained. Be able to.
- the heating means can be configured by winding a high frequency induction coil around the nozzle, and can also be configured by providing a carbon heater around the nozzle.
- the nozole itself can be a heating means by being composed of carbon or a carbon composite having an electrode portion.
- the temperature adjusting means for adjusting the temperature of the spray material particles in the nozzle to a predetermined temperature the spray material particles at the time of the substrate collision can be set to a desired temperature, so that optimum adhesion can be obtained. Be able to.
- thermal spray material a material formed from a different material is used as the thermal spray material
- an alloy can be selected as the thermal spray material.
- a thermal spraying apparatus includes a thermal spray nozzle apparatus having the above-described configuration, a carrier gas supply apparatus that is connected to the nozzle via a conduit and supplies a carrier gas, and a linearly-formed thermal spray material. It is necessary to provide a thermal spray material supply device for feeding into the thermal spray material insertion portion and a power supply device for applying a voltage to the discharge electrode or laser device as the thermal spray material melting means.
- a control valve for controlling the flow rate of the carrier gas supplied to the carrier gas supply device and the linear thermal spray material as the thermal spray material supply apparatus is scraped off. If a reel, a drive roller that unwinds the spray material from the reel force and introduces it into the spray material insertion portion, and a supply system control unit that controls opening / closing of the control valve and rotation / stop of the drive roller, It becomes possible to control the thermal spraying material laminated or deposited on the substrate.
- the supply system control unit reads the three-dimensional CAD data, By controlling the rotation of the motor according to the difference between the level detected by the position sensor and the target deposition surface level in the 3D CAD data, the sprayed material deposited or deposited can be controlled more accurately. Will be able to.
- the thermal spraying apparatus can include an output control unit that controls the voltage applied to the discharge electrode or the output of the laser apparatus.
- the thermal spray material melting means includes a laser device and an optical fiber for laser light transmission that connects the laser device and the nozzle
- the output control unit is a laser device.
- a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of gas discharged from the nozzle, a heating means provided around or as the nozzle, and a temperature for adjusting the temperature of the spray material particles in the nozzle to a predetermined temperature
- the temperature adjusting means can accurately manage the spray material particle temperature in the nozzle by controlling the voltage applied to the heating means based on the detected temperature detected by the temperature sensor. become able to.
- a drive mechanism that displaces the attitude of the nozzle and a drive system control unit that controls the drive mechanism.
- the drive system control unit reads the 3D CAD data and reads the 3D Based on the CAD data, the cross-sectional data sliced into the laminated thickness is created, and the drive mechanism is controlled so that the sprayed material particles melted by the above-mentioned sprayed material melting means are deposited on the base material layer by layer according to the cross-sectional data. If you do this, you will be able to create a 3D model.
- thermal spray nozzle device of the present invention it is possible to accurately achieve a metal stack that is uniform and dense.
- the thermal spray nozzle device of the present invention since the spray material insertion portion is arranged in parallel with the gas flow, the gas flow is not disturbed. Further, according to the thermal spray nozzle device provided with heating means, the nozzle Since the spray particles adhering to the inner wall are melted and separated by the heating means, a tallying effect can be obtained.
- the thermal spraying apparatus of the present invention it is possible to accurately control the thermal spray material laminated on the base material, and according to the thermal spraying apparatus that controls the attitude of the nozzle based on the three-dimensional CAD data.
- the 3D model can be accurately modeled.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a thermal spray nozzle device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a configuration of a thermal spray nozzle heating device.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the throat part and the cross-sectional area of the heating and melting part in the nozzle.
- FIG. 4 (a) is a graph showing the relationship between the particle temperature in the nozzle and the particle velocity when nitrogen gas is used, and (b) is an enlarged graph of the main part of Fig. 4 (a).
- FIG. 5 (a) is a graph showing the relationship between the particle temperature in the nozzle and the particle velocity when helium gas is used, and (b) is an enlarged graph of the main part of Fig. 5 (a).
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration when the thermal spraying apparatus according to the present invention is used for film formation.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part showing another configuration when the thermal spraying apparatus according to the present invention is used for film formation.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of a thermal spray nozzle according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a side sectional view showing a particle trajectory in the thermal spray nozzle shown in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional plan view showing the particle trajectory in the thermal spray nozzle shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a side sectional view showing the flow of carrier gas in the thermal spray nozzle shown in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 12 (a) is an explanatory view showing the flow of carrier gas in the EE cross section of FIG. 11, and (b) is an explanatory view showing the flow of carrier gas and the state of particles in the FF cross section of FIG. It is a figure.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing the flow velocity distribution of the carrier gas in the nozzle.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a configuration when the thermal spraying apparatus according to the present invention is used for three-dimensional deposition modeling.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing a method for controlling the amount of deposited spray particles.
- FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another embodiment of the thermal spray nozzle heating device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the carbon heater shown in FIG.
- FIG. 18 is a longitudinal sectional view showing still another embodiment of a thermal spray nozzle heating device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a thermal spray nozzle device N according to the present invention.
- a passage 2 having a constant inner diameter is formed in the nozzle 1 in the cylinder axis direction, and the upstream side of the passage 2 (in the flow direction of the carrier gas) contains carrier gas.
- a supply port 3 is provided, and a guide (spraying material rod) is also provided on the upstream side of the passage 2 and on the central axis of the passage 2 and also has a hollow circular tube force for feeding the wire 4 as a spraying material toward the downstream side. Iribe) 5 is provided.
- the outer surface of the guide 5 is gradually expanded toward the downstream side, thereby forming a throat portion 6 in which an annular gap is narrowest with the inner surface of the passage 2. Note that the diameter of the outer surface is reduced again downstream from the throat portion 6.
- the length of the nozzle 1 is set to 20 to 40 times its inner diameter, and most of the spray particles (hereinafter abbreviated as particles) dissolved in the nozzle 1 by having a long straight portion. Flies parallel to the nozzle. As a result, the spread is suppressed and the accuracy of hitting the base material can be increased.
- the tip force of the guide 5 is slightly separated from the downstream side, that is, on the downstream side of the throat portion 6, and is incident from one side la of the nozzle 1 so as to cross the passage 2 in the Y-axis direction.
- the optical axis of the Yb fiber laser (hereinafter abbreviated as “laser device”) crosses the other side, and the tip force of the guide 5 is focused on the tip of the wire 4 that protrudes. It is becoming tied.
- the laser device sprayying material melting means
- la ′ indicates the laser beam incident part.
- a high frequency electromagnetic induction coil 7 is wound around the thermal spray nozzle 1, and this coil 7 is connected to a high frequency power source 8.
- the nozzle 1 made of a refractory metal such as tandastane is heated by electromagnetic induction.
- This heating is used in two applications.
- the first application is nozzle 1 cleaning.
- the adhered particles are removed by subjecting the nozzle 1 to high-frequency electromagnetic induction heating and spraying a carrier gas under the condition that the melting point of the thermal spray material is higher than the melting point and lower than the melting point of the nozzle metal. It becomes.
- the thermocouple 9a is for detecting whether or not the nozzle 1 is heated above the melting point of the spray material.
- a second application is to adjust the carrier gas temperature in the nozzle 1 to a predetermined temperature.
- the carrier gas temperature is directly monitored by the thermocouple 9b arranged at the nozzle outlet, and the monitored gas temperature is given to the nozzle heating controller 10.
- the nozzle heating control unit 10 controls the voltage applied to the coil 7 so that the nozzle 1 becomes equal to or higher than the melting point of the thermal spray material or the carrier gas temperature becomes a predetermined temperature.
- the heating control unit 10 functions as temperature adjusting means.
- a spot radiation thermometer 11 is disposed in the vicinity of the nozzle 1, and the surface temperature of the substrate 12 detected by the spot radiation thermometer 11 is also given to the nozzle heating control unit 10. It has become. That is, when the temperature of the substrate 12 is low, it is necessary to increase the particle temperature. Therefore, the substrate temperature immediately before thermal spraying is measured by the spot radiation thermometer 11 and feedback control is performed.
- the coil 7 When the coil 7 is used as a heating means for cleaning, it is used as a temperature adjusting means for adjusting the particle temperature by performing heating at a predetermined cycle when the thermal spraying process is performed. If so, it is heated during the thermal spraying process.
- the wire 4 is heated and melted by a laser on the downstream side of the throat portion 6.
- the heat-dissolving part by laser is located downstream of the slot part 6 in the carrier gas flow path in the nozzle 1, and the carrier gas total pressure p satisfies the following formula (1).
- the Mach number M in the sprayed material melting portion is related to the cross sectional area A * of the throat portion 6 and the cross sectional area A of the sprayed material heating and melting portion (see FIG. 3) by the equation (2).
- the pressure is 0.1 lMPa, almost atmospheric pressure. Therefore, unlike the conventional cold spray powder supply system, no special pressure resistance design is required.
- the thermal spray material melted by the laser is subjected to a shearing action by a supersonic flow.
- Acceleration and cooling during this period can be estimated by numerical analysis. Specifically, the mass conservation, momentum conservation, and energy conservation equations of the quasi-one-dimensional compressible fluid conservation type display are solved by simultaneous equations (4) and particle motion equations (6).
- s and e represent a momentum generation term and an energy generation representing the interaction between the gas phase and the second phase, respectively.
- the velocity of the particle can be obtained by solving the equation of motion (6) of the particle.
- Kurten's formula (8) is used as the anti-potential coefficient.
- the temperature of the particle can be obtained by solving the particle energy equation (9) c
- Second phase (droplet, particle, powder)
- Figs. 4 and 5 show the particle temperature in the nozzle and the particle size with respect to the distance from the throat 6 to the nozzle outlet when nitrogen gas and helium gas are used as carrier gases, respectively. This shows the relationship of the child speed.
- the graph shown in Fig. 4 (a) shows the case where nitrogen gas is used as the carrier gas, the horizontal axis is "distance from the throat portion to the nozzle outlet", and the vertical axis is “particle temperature” and “ “Particle velocity” is shown in a common scale. On the horizontal axis, “zero” corresponds to the position of the throat section 6, and the characteristic A in the graph shows the change in particle temperature and the characteristic B shows the change in particle velocity.
- the nozzle wall is heated so that the carrier gas temperature is 600 ° C, the pressure of nitrogen gas is 3.8 MPa, the gas flow rate is lgZs, and the supply amount of wire 4 is 0. lgZs.
- the average particle size of the atomized particles was 10 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 4 (b) is an enlarged view of the range from zero to 0.05 m in the horizontal axis direction.
- the particles emitted from the throat section 6 are accelerated rapidly to about 0.02 m, but the acceleration gradient becomes gentler beyond that. Therefore, 0.02m was adopted as the nozzle length when nitrogen gas was used as the carrier gas.
- nitrogen gas can be used as a carrier gas.
- set the nozzle length so that the particles collide with the substrate immediately after solidification.
- the fact that the particles are immediately solidified in the thermal spraying treatment has a positive effect on the material structure.
- particles with an average particle size of 10 m are flying through the nozzle 1, they are rapidly cooled at a cooling rate of 10 4 to 10 Zs by heat transfer and radiation with the surrounding gas, so that the particles are attached.
- the resulting material provides a very dense structure. Therefore, until solidification is completed Set the nozzle length so that you can fly in the Zulu 1! / Speak.
- the graph shown in FIG. 5 (a) shows the state of the particles in the nozzle when helium gas is used as the carrier gas.
- the nozzle wall was heated so that the carrier gas temperature was 600 ° C, the pressure of helium gas was 3.8 MPa, the gas flow rate was 0.5 gZs, and the supply rate of wire 4 was 0.1 lgZs.
- the average particle size of the atomized particles was 10 ⁇ m.
- Characteristic C in the graph indicates the change in particle temperature
- characteristic D indicates the change in particle velocity
- Figure 5 (b) shows the range of zero to 0.05m expanded in the horizontal axis direction.
- the particles When helium gas is used as the carrier gas, the particles continue to be accelerated to about 1400 m / s due to the small molecular weight of helium. On the other hand, the temperature of the thermal spraying material particles is rapidly cooled after being discharged from the throat section 6 due to the good thermal conductivity of the helium, and is reduced to 300K at the nozzle outlet section.
- the nozzle length when helium gas is used as the carrier gas is set to 0.04 mm.
- the particle temperature when the particle collides with the substrate is about 540K (see point d in the graph), and the collision speed is about 780m / s (see point c in the graph).
- the particle speed of 780 mZs is a sufficient speed as a condition for impact adhesion to the substrate.
- the particle temperature at the time of collision with the base material is much lower than that in the case of the nitrogen gas (1700K), which eliminates the need for heat treatment after molding and hardly causes distortion.
- the particle velocity at the time of collision is high, the surface on which the particle collided becomes a crater and particle deposition continues. At this time, a film having a stable thickness of 100% density without voids inside the deposited layer is obtained.
- the characteristics of the thermal spray nozzle device of the present invention have a great effect.
- the wire material is a molding material (spraying material). Since the molded product is used, the cost is reduced.
- the SLS method uses spherical particles coated with thermoplastic resin, a two-step sintering process is required to obtain a metal molded body. Specifically, laser sintering in which the resin portion is melted and solidified with a laser heat source, and main sintering in which the metal particles are fixed to each other at the same time as the binder of the laser-sintered molded body is removed.
- the thermal spray nozzle device in order to increase the density of the porous material generated by removing the binder that does not need to be coated with particles, infiltrate a bronze or the like. There is no need. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to overcome the drawbacks of the SLS method and obtain a highly accurate stack.
- FIG. 6 shows a configuration in the case where the film forming process is performed by the thermal spray nozzle apparatus N having the above configuration.
- the substrate 12 is disposed on the extension line of the nozzle 1 in the cylinder axis direction.
- the wire 4 is unwound from the wire reel (spraying material supply device) 13, and is supplied into the nozzle 1 while passing through the guide 5 arranged along the central axis of the spraying nozzle 1. Therefore, the tip of the wire 4 protrudes from the tip of the guide 5.
- the lens 14 is focused on the tip of the protruding wire 4 and the tip of the wire 4 is melted.
- the flow rate of the carrier gas is controlled by the control valve 15 and supplied to the upstream side of the throat section 6.
- the supplied carrier gas passes through the throat section 6 and is supersonically accelerated to atomize the melted spray material at the tip of the wire 4.
- the atomized particles are rapidly cooled when they leave the throat section 6.
- the inside of the nozzle 1 is heated by the coil 7, so that the temperature is below the freezing point temperature or below the transformation point temperature.
- Fig. 7 shows another embodiment of the thermal spray nozzle device N of the present invention.
- the nozzle 20 is made of a ceramic cylinder, and a cylinder 21 having a tungsten production force is wound concentrically around its outer peripheral side.
- a pair of discharge electrodes 22a and 22b are arranged on the inner wall of the nozzle 20 in the vicinity of the tip of the guide 5 so as to face each other, and a DC voltage 23 (AC voltage or pulse voltage) is placed between the electrodes. Tsutsumo)) will be applied!
- FIG. 8 shows still another embodiment of the thermal spray nozzle apparatus N according to the present invention, in which a pair of wires are inserted into the nozzle and arc discharge is performed using these wires as electrodes. .
- the drawing shows one cross-section obtained by dividing the device into two in the Z-direction so that the internal structure can be divided.
- the thermal spray nozzle device N includes a main body portion 24 having a hollow chamber 24a and also having a pressure-resistant structural force,
- a hollow chamber 24a is formed in the main body 24 and has a triangular shape when viewed from the Y—Y ′ direction and an elliptical shape when viewed from the Z—Z ′ direction.
- guides 28 and 29 for guiding the two wires 4 and 4 are arranged in a V shape, and the wires 4 and 4 to which the tip force of each guide 28 and 29 is also sent out are arranged in the nozzle portion. It intersects on the central axis p.a of 25.
- the guides 28 and 29 are formed of cylindrical members that are tapered toward the Z ′ direction.
- the rear ends of the pair of wires 4 and 4 are connected to a DC voltage (not shown), and the tips of the wires 4 and 4 constitute an electrode for generating arc discharge. Therefore, the wires 4 and 4 and the DC voltage function as a spraying material melting means.
- the base end portion of the nozzle portion 25 is formed with a conical cutout portion 25a for disposing the distal ends of the guides 28 and 29 having the above-described configuration and the fillers 4 and 4 in the nozzle portion 25. ing.
- the supply pipes 26 and 27 communicate with the hollow chamber 24a.
- the guide 28 is disposed in the vicinity of the outlet 26a of the supply pipe 26, and the guide 29 is disposed in the vicinity of the outlet 27a of the supply pipe 27. It is arranged.
- the guides 28 and 29 can function as a collision plate that collides with the flow of the carrier gas discharged from the supply pipes 26 and 27.
- the dynamic pressure component of the carrier gas can be attenuated and converted into a static pressure component in which the pressure acts isotropically in the hollow chamber 24a.
- Fig. 9 is a side view of the thermal spray nozzle device N. p.t is the flight trajectory of the thermal spray particles.
- Fig. 10 shows the thermal spray nozzle device N as seen from the plane, and the flight trajectory p.t of the thermal spray particles is
- Fig. 11 also shows the side force of the carrier gas flow in the hollow chamber 24a.
- Fig. 11 (a) shows a cross section taken along the line EE in Fig. 11, and Fig. 11 (b) shows a cross section taken along the line FF.
- the carrier gas discharged from the outlet 26a of the supply pipe 26 collides with the side wall of the guide 28, so that the dynamic pressure component is attenuated. Divided. Similarly, the carrier gas discharged from the outlet 27a of the supply pipe 27 is also gas.
- the carrier gas proceeds to the nozzle portion 25, and a carrier gas flow as shown in Fig. 12 (b) is formed in the nozzle portion 25.
- a carrier gas flow as shown in Fig. 12 (b) is formed in the nozzle portion 25.
- FIG. 13 shows the flow velocity distribution of the carrier gas passing through the central axis p. Since the flow velocity distribution is symmetrical with respect to the force center axis indicated by a plurality of lines perpendicular to the flow direction, the particles P concentrated on the center axis rarely come into contact with the wall surface.
- the number of force wires composed of two wires 4 and 4 is
- the number of guides that supply wires can be set according to the number of wires.
- Fig. 14 shows a configuration when the thermal spray nozzle device N is applied to a three-dimensional deposition modeling method.
- thermal spraying device ND shown in the figure, 30 is a controller that reads 3D (three-dimensional) CAD data.
- the controller 30 creates cross-sectional data sliced into the read 3D (three-dimensional) CAD data force laminate thickness, and based on this cross-sectional data, sprayed particles sprayed by laser light or arc discharge are further layered. By depositing on the base material 31, a three-dimensional solid model (modeled object) having a desired shape force is obtained.
- the thermal spray material is melted with laser light will be described as an example.
- the base material 31 is provided on a transport table 32 that can be moved in the X-axis, Y-axis (in the depth direction of the drawing), and Z-axis directions, and the nozzle 33 is attached to a robot arm (not shown). Yes.
- the transfer table 32 and the drive mechanism that also has the robot arm force can be controlled by the drive system control unit 30a of the controller 30 in three axis directions.
- Helium as a carrier gas is stored in the helium container 35 from the helium cylinder 34, and the helium container 35 and the nozzle 33 are connected via a gas supply path 36.
- This gas supply path 36 is provided with an electromagnetic control valve 37.
- This electromagnetic control valve 37 has a blocking position a and a communication position b, and is normally blocked by panel pressure. The force at the position a is switched to the communication position b while the open signal SI is input from the supply system controller 30b of the controller 30.
- the wire 4 as the thermal spray material supplied to the nozzle 33 is wound around the wire reel 13.
- the wire 4 unwound from the wire reel 13 is supplied to the nozzle 33 by the drive roller 39.
- the drive roller 39 is rotated by a stepping motor 38 capable of controlling the noise, and the stepping motor 38 is controlled by a supply system control unit 30b.
- a shutter opening signal S3 for opening the shatter of the laser circuit is given to the laser device 40 from the output control unit 30c of 0, and the laser light emitted from the laser device 40 is focused at the tip of the protruding nozzle 4. Dissolve the knot wire 4.
- the melting operation of the wire 4 by the laser device 40 is based on the assumption that the open signal S1 is output from the supply system control unit 30b, and the carrier gas is sent into the nozzle 33 from the helium container 35. Accordingly, the dissolved particles are jetted from the nozzle 33 to the base material 31 by supersonic carrier gas.
- the nozzle 33, its robot arm, and transfer table 32 are housed in an airtight chamber 41.
- the chamber 41 is evacuated by a vacuum pump 42 to remove oxygen. It has come to be. Also, the sign 1 in the controller 30
- 0 is the nozzle heating control unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 15 shows a method of controlling the amount of deposited particles by the supply system control unit 30b.
- a position sensor 44 is provided on the front side in the movement direction of the nozzle 33, and the position sensor 44 measures the distance between the tip of the nozzle 33 and the already laminated surface deposited on the substrate 12, and supplies the control unit for the supply system.
- the supply system control unit 30b controls the stepping motor 38 that drives the drive roller 39 according to the detected distance. For example, in the range R1, the deposition level L1 is low compared with the target deposition level, and the deposition amount is insufficient. Therefore, in this case, the stepping motor 38 is driven and the wire 4 is continuously fed toward the laser focus via the driving roller 39.
- Reference numeral 43 denotes a helium compressor for recovering helium, which compresses the helium in the chamber 41 to a high pressure and returns it to the helium container 35. As a result, expensive helium is reused.
- the wire 4 shown in the above embodiment may be a metal having a single material strength, or may be a twist of a plurality of metal materials.
- the thermal spray nozzle device N shown in Fig. 8 the material of one wire 4 and the other wire 4 can be changed.
- FIG. 16 shows another embodiment relating to a heating means for heating the nozzle.
- the coil 7 disposed around the nozzle 1 is configured to perform high-frequency induction heating of the nozzle 1 to clean the metal adhering to the inner surface of the nozzle 1, thereby The metal adhering to the nozzle 1 prevents the flow of carrier gas from being disturbed and the spraying accuracy from being lowered (see Fig. 2).
- a heating device 50 as shown in FIG. 16 can be used.
- a heating device 50 shown in the figure includes a carbon heater 51 provided so as to surround the periphery of the nozzle 1.
- the carbon heater 51 includes a cylindrical heat generating portion 51a, a pair of electrode portions 51b and 51b arranged in opposite directions at the upper portion of the heat generating portion 51a, and these electric power sources.
- the electrode parts 51c and 51c connect the pole parts 51b and 51b and the upper end of the heat generating part 51a.
- the heat generating part 51a has slits 5 alternately formed with a fixed length from the upper and lower sides of the cylindrical body.
- a cylindrical heat insulating material 52 made of carbon fiber is disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of the carbon heater 51, and a container 53 for accommodating the heat insulating material 52 is further provided. ing.
- the container 53 is filled with an inert gas for the purpose of preventing acidification of the carbon parts, and the tip of the electrode part 5 lb is sealed and the side wall 53a of the container 53 is sealed. It is extended to the outside and not shown in the figure! It can be connected to the power supply!
- the carbon heater 51 When electric power is supplied from a power source (not shown) to the heat generating portion 51a through the electrode portions 5 lb and 51b and the electrode connecting portions 51c and 51c, the carbon heater 51 generates heat from the inside due to Joule heat generation caused by energization. As a result, the nozzle 1 made of a high melting point metal such as tungsten or molybdenum or ceramic is heated to about 2000 ° C. by radiant heat transfer from the heat generating portion 51a, and the metal adhering to the inner wall of the nozzle 1 is melted.
- a power source not shown
- FIG. 18 shows still another embodiment of the heating device.
- the heating device 50 shown in Fig. 16 the force of heating the nozzle 1 by arranging the carbon heater 51 around the nozzle 1
- the nozzle made of a refractory metal or ceramics is used. Instead of the carbon nozzle 61, the nozzle 61 is directly heated. In the figure, the same components as those in FIG. The description is omitted.
- the nozzle 61 itself is made of carbon or a carbon composite, and functions as a heat generating portion.
- a pair of electrode portions 51b are arranged in opposite directions on the upper end portion of the nozzle 61. , 51b are connected.
- the nozzle 61 When power is supplied to the nozzle 61 from a power source (not shown) through the electrode portions 5 lb and 5 lb, the nozzle 61 generates internal force due to Joule heat generation caused by energization. Thereby, the nozzle 61 is heated to about 2000 ° C., and the metal adhering to the inner wall of the nozzle 61 is melted.
- the carbon heater 51 is used as a means for heating the nozzle as described above, the use efficiency of the energy provided for heating the spray nozzle is increased as compared with the case where the spray nozzle is induction-heated using a high-frequency induction coil. be able to.
- the thermal spray nozzle device of the present invention and the thermal spray device using the thermal spray nozzle device are suitable in a field where it is required to form a uniform and dense metal laminate on a substrate.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05809194A EP1815912A4 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2005-11-24 | THERMAL SPRAY NOZZLE AND THERMAL SPRAY USING THE SAME |
US11/665,764 US20090056620A1 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2005-11-24 | Thermal spraying nozzle device and thermal spraying system using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004339321 | 2004-11-24 | ||
JP2004-339321 | 2004-11-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006057284A1 true WO2006057284A1 (ja) | 2006-06-01 |
Family
ID=36498020
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/021555 WO2006057284A1 (ja) | 2004-11-24 | 2005-11-24 | 溶射ノズル装置およびそれを用いた溶射装置 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090056620A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1815912A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3784404B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006057284A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
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GB2439934A (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2008-01-16 | William Geoffrey Hopkins | Laser-assisted spray system and nozzle |
JP2017170369A (ja) * | 2016-03-24 | 2017-09-28 | タツタ電線株式会社 | スプレーノズル、皮膜形成装置、及び皮膜の形成方法 |
WO2018207428A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-12 | 2018-11-15 | タツタ電線株式会社 | スプレーノズル、皮膜形成装置、及び皮膜の形成方法 |
CN111441008A (zh) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-07-24 | 翰贝摩尔表面技术(江苏)有限公司 | 一种自动陶瓷热喷涂设备 |
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US8268237B2 (en) * | 2009-01-08 | 2012-09-18 | General Electric Company | Method of coating with cryo-milled nano-grained particles |
US20110086163A1 (en) * | 2009-10-13 | 2011-04-14 | Walbar Inc. | Method for producing a crack-free abradable coating with enhanced adhesion |
US8550028B2 (en) * | 2010-01-05 | 2013-10-08 | General Electric Company | Thermal spray stream focusing |
US20120064225A1 (en) * | 2010-09-13 | 2012-03-15 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Spray deposition module for an in-line processing system |
DE102010045314B4 (de) * | 2010-09-14 | 2021-05-27 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Thermisches Beschichtungsverfahren |
US8544408B2 (en) * | 2011-03-23 | 2013-10-01 | Kevin Wayne Ewers | System for applying metal particulate with hot pressurized air using a venturi chamber and a helical channel |
US8544769B2 (en) | 2011-07-26 | 2013-10-01 | General Electric Company | Multi-nozzle spray gun |
US9731260B2 (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2017-08-15 | University Of Yamanashi | Means for manufacturing micro-beads comprising thermoplastic polymer micro-particles |
DE102012000816A1 (de) * | 2012-01-17 | 2013-07-18 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum thermischen Spritzen |
US8855982B2 (en) * | 2012-02-06 | 2014-10-07 | Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Analysis device and simulation method |
FR3016826B1 (fr) * | 2014-01-24 | 2016-08-26 | Pollen Am | Dispositif de manufacture additive pour la realisation d'un objet tridimensionnel et procede associe |
EP3159141B1 (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2025-04-30 | Fujimi Incorporated | Powder material |
JP6506926B2 (ja) * | 2014-08-08 | 2019-04-24 | ホウムラ産業株式会社 | 三次元造形物 |
EP3677702B1 (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2023-06-14 | Rolls-Royce plc | Method of spray coating |
DE102020103232A1 (de) | 2020-02-07 | 2021-08-12 | Fachhochschule Münster | Verfahren zum Aufbringen von Partikel auf ein Substrat |
CN111334741B (zh) * | 2020-03-19 | 2024-07-05 | 深圳市佳士机器人科技有限公司 | 平面产品热喷涂设备 |
KR102649715B1 (ko) * | 2020-10-30 | 2024-03-21 | 세메스 주식회사 | 표면 처리 장치 및 표면 처리 방법 |
CN114889178B (zh) * | 2022-05-24 | 2023-09-08 | 江苏奥瑞斯智能装备有限公司 | 一种环保低损耗喷涂缠绕保温管生产线 |
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GB2439934A (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2008-01-16 | William Geoffrey Hopkins | Laser-assisted spray system and nozzle |
JP2017170369A (ja) * | 2016-03-24 | 2017-09-28 | タツタ電線株式会社 | スプレーノズル、皮膜形成装置、及び皮膜の形成方法 |
WO2017164136A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-24 | 2017-09-28 | タツタ電線株式会社 | スプレーノズル、皮膜形成装置、及び皮膜の形成方法 |
TWI683704B (zh) * | 2016-03-24 | 2020-02-01 | 日商拓自達電線股份有限公司 | 噴嘴、皮膜形成裝置以及皮膜之形成方法 |
WO2018207428A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-12 | 2018-11-15 | タツタ電線株式会社 | スプレーノズル、皮膜形成装置、及び皮膜の形成方法 |
JP2018192382A (ja) * | 2017-05-12 | 2018-12-06 | タツタ電線株式会社 | スプレーノズル、皮膜形成装置、及び皮膜の形成方法 |
CN111441008A (zh) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-07-24 | 翰贝摩尔表面技术(江苏)有限公司 | 一种自动陶瓷热喷涂设备 |
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JP3784404B1 (ja) | 2006-06-14 |
EP1815912A4 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
US20090056620A1 (en) | 2009-03-05 |
JP2006175426A (ja) | 2006-07-06 |
EP1815912A1 (en) | 2007-08-08 |
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