WO2006019053A1 - 電気二重層キャパシタの電極用炭素材の原料炭組成物 - Google Patents
電気二重層キャパシタの電極用炭素材の原料炭組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006019053A1 WO2006019053A1 PCT/JP2005/014834 JP2005014834W WO2006019053A1 WO 2006019053 A1 WO2006019053 A1 WO 2006019053A1 JP 2005014834 W JP2005014834 W JP 2005014834W WO 2006019053 A1 WO2006019053 A1 WO 2006019053A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/44—Raw materials therefor, e.g. resins or coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
- C01B32/348—Metallic compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a raw material carbon composition suitable as an electrode material for an electric double layer capacitor, an electrode carbon material using the same, and an electric double layer capacitor including an electrode containing the electrode carbon material.
- the electrostatic capacity of an electric double layer capacitor is generally proportional to the surface area of a polarizable electrode (carbon electrode, etc.) provided as an anode and a force sword constituting the electric double layer capacitor.
- a polarizable electrode carbon electrode, etc.
- various studies have been made to increase the capacitance by increasing the surface area of the carbon material for the carbon electrode.
- activated carbon As a carbon material for a carbon electrode, conventionally, activated carbon has been mainly used.
- Such activated carbon is a so-called non-graphite-derived carbon obtained by carbonizing coconut shell, wood powder, coal, phenolic rosin, gas activated using water vapor, alkali metal hydroxide, etc. It is generally manufactured by activating the used chemicals.
- the activated carbon produced from such a non-graphitic carbon carbon there is a problem that the capacitance per unit volume does not increase for the increase of the specific surface area.
- the activation reaction of non-graphitizable carbon is due to the formation of pores due to the oxidation reaction from the particle surface in both the gas activation method and the chemical activation method.
- the activated carbon had a low bulk density.
- the density of the electrode is also reduced, so that even if the capacitance per unit mass of the electrode increases, the capacitance density per unit volume of the electrode increases. There was a limit.
- such activated carbon has poor electrical conductivity due to its non-graphitability, and has also caused a high internal resistance of the electrode.
- mesophase pitch and mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber spun from it are obtained by infusibilization and carbonization.
- activated carbon obtained by activating the easily graphitizable carbon obtained by hydration with alkali metal hydroxide.
- activated carbon with high bulk density and high yield of activated charcoal can be obtained. Is possible.
- the capacitance density per unit volume can be increased.
- activated carbon produced from graphitizable carbon carbon has the advantage of generally reducing the internal resistance of the electrode because it is generally more electrically conductive than that produced from non-graphitizable carbon. .
- mesophase pitch and mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers spun from mesophase are expensive raw materials themselves, and it is necessary to perform infusibilization / carbonization treatment prior to activation, so the manufacturing process is complicated. As a result, there has been a problem of increasing the manufacturing cost. Furthermore, oxygen is introduced by the infusibilization reaction, so that there is a problem in that the graphite resistance is lowered and as a result, the internal resistance of the electrode is not lowered so much.
- Patent Document 1 petroleum coatus or coal pitch coatus is carbonized to have a volatile content of Lo to 5.0% by mass and an HZC atomic ratio. After satisfying the conditions of 0.05 to 0.30, a method of activation treatment with an alkali metal hydroxide has been proposed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that the grinding strength index HGI specified in ASTMD-409-71 is 50 or more, the interlayer distance d of microcrystalline carbon is 0.343 nm or less, and the crystallite of
- the raw coal composition with a size Lc of 3. Onm or less is subjected to an alkali activation treatment.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-10-199767
- Patent Document 2 JP 2003-51430 A
- the present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and is a raw material coal assembly capable of providing an electrode material capable of producing an electric double layer capacitor in which a high level of capacitance is achieved.
- the purpose is to provide a composition.
- microstrength microstrength
- the present invention relates to the following matters.
- a raw material charcoal composition that becomes an electrode carbon material for an electric double layer capacitor by being activated, and has a volatile content of 1.3% to 15% by mass and a volatile content of 6
- a raw coal composition characterized by having a micro strength of 5-30% when the mass is less than 5% and a micro strength of 5-20% when the volatile content is 6 mass% or more.
- a carbon material for an electrode of an electric double layer capacitor obtained by activating the raw material charcoal composition described in any one of items 1 to 3 above.
- the activation process according to 5 is characterized in that the activation process is an activation process using an alkali metal compound.
- a carbon material for an electrode of an electric double layer capacitor characterized by having a specific surface area of 1800 m 2 / g or more by activating the raw coal composition according to 4 above.
- An electric double layer capacitor comprising an electrode including the carbon material for an electrode according to any one of 5 to 9 above.
- the carbon material for an electrode (activated carbon) obtained by activating the raw coal composition of the present invention for an electrode for an electric double layer capacitor By using the carbon material for an electrode (activated carbon) obtained by activating the raw coal composition of the present invention for an electrode for an electric double layer capacitor, the capacitance per volume is large and the internal resistance is small. An electric double layer capacitor can be obtained.
- the present invention by setting an appropriate micro strength of the raw coal, optimal pores are developed by the activation treatment, so that it is considered that a carbon material for an electrode exhibiting a large capacitance can be obtained.
- Microstrength as defined in the present invention is a kind of ball mill grinding characteristic index, measured according to the method of HE Blayden, and a value of 100% is substantially not ground. A value of 0% indicates that it is easy to grind.
- drum strength test, drop strength test, etc. are used.These depend on cracks in coatus and show the strength as a coatus mass, whereas the micro strength is It is said that it represents the strength inherent in Kotas, that is, the strength mainly composed of the pore walls.
- a detailed method for measuring the microintensity is as follows. That is, 2g of a 20-30 mesh sample and 12 steel balls with a diameter of approximately 7.9mm (5 / l 6 inches) are placed in a steel cylinder (inner diameter 25.4mm, length 304.8mm), and the vertical surface is After rotating 800 degrees at 25 rpm in a direction perpendicular to the tube (ie, rotating the shaft horizontally so that the top and bottom are switched from the state in which the cylinder was built, rotate the propeller so that the propeller also rotates), 48 mesh Sieving with, on the sieve Is expressed as a percentage of the sample.
- Patent Document 2 described above describes a raw coal composition having a grinding strength index HGI (hardgrobe Grindability Index) defined by ASTM D-409-71 of 50 or more, preferably 50-80.
- HGI hardgrobe Grindability Index
- the relationship between microintensity and HGI is as follows: When microintensity increases (means hard in this index), HGI decreases (hard in this index means) t
- HGI also increases (meaning that this index becomes softer), so there is no correlation between them. This is thought to be due to the fact that HGI represents the strength of Balta while micro strength represents the strength of the pore walls.
- the raw coal composition of the present invention may have an HG I of 50 to 80 in addition to the definition of the value of the above-mentioned micro strength, or may indicate other values. ! /, It ’s okay!
- the "average interlayer distance d of graphite crystals determined by X-ray diffraction" according to the present invention is the following:
- 002 is the average interlayer distance (d) of the layer corresponding to the lattice plane (002) of microcrystalline carbon, measured by X-ray diffraction as described below. That is, 15% of the sample (coking coal composition).
- Recon powder is mixed and filled into a measuring cell, CuKa rays are used as a radiation source, wide-angle X-ray diffraction lines are measured by a reflective diffractometer, and the average interlayer distance on the (002) plane ( d)
- the volatile matter is 1.3 mass% or more and less than 6 mass%, and in the second embodiment, it is 6 mass% or more and 15 mass% or less.
- the micro-strength is not less than 1.3% by mass and less than 6% by mass as an index of change when the carbonization is increased by heat treatment. They are used as indicators of quality (organization) differences at the Kotas stage.
- the micro strength of the raw coal composition according to the first aspect is 5 to 30%, preferably 5 to 20%.
- the value of the micro strength is, for example, when producing a raw coal composition It can be changed by changing the type of starting feedstock or by appropriately selecting the carbonization treatment temperature when producing the feedstock composition.
- the raw coal composition according to the first embodiment preferably has microcrystalline carbon similar to graphite.
- Graphite-like microcrystalline carbon is different from regular stacking like graphite, but is similar to graphite but has an irregular stacking (eg, "]. Biscoe and BE Warren, J. Appl. Phys., 13, 364 (1942) ").
- d is preferably 0.3470 nm or less. 0.347 ⁇
- the graphite crystals are not sufficiently developed, and therefore it may not be possible to obtain an appropriate specific surface area during the activation treatment.
- the activation treatment is performed with an alkali metal compound, it is difficult for the alkali metal generated in the activation process to enter between the layers of the graphite crystals, and thus it is difficult to obtain an appropriate specific surface area.
- the viewpoint power to obtain a higher specific surface area is preferable as the average interlayer distance d is lower.
- the average interlayer distance d is never less than the theoretical value (0.3354 nm) of graphite crystals.
- the volatile content of the raw coal composition according to the first aspect is 1.3% by mass or more and less than 6% by mass as described above, but 1.5% by mass or more is particularly preferable. % Or less is preferable.
- the carbonization of the raw coal composition is progressing, and the reactivity of the activation treatment (for example, the reactivity with the activator such as alkali metal hydroxide) is relatively low after the activation treatment.
- the area cannot be obtained, but if a carbon material (activated carbon) obtained by activation is used for a capacitor, a large capacitance can be obtained. This is thought to be because the pore wall strength expressed in micro strength is suitable for the formation of pores that are optimal for the expression of capacitance.
- the porosity of the raw coal composition according to the first aspect is preferably 20 to 30%. If the porosity is too high, desired pores cannot be obtained by the subsequent activation treatment, and the activation treatment reaction may proceed too much if the porosity is too large.
- the raw coal composition according to the first aspect has the above-mentioned specific properties, and the raw material is not particularly limited. However, a material that normally exhibits properties as readily graphitizable carbon is preferred. Good. The carbon material produced also with such an easily graphitizable carbon power tends to have a lower internal resistance of the electrode obtained with higher electrical conductivity than that produced from non-graphitizable carbon. Especially graphitizable carbon includes, for example, aliphatic polymer compounds such as salt vinyl resin and polyacrylonitrile, and aromatic polymer compounds such as tar, mesophase pitch, and polyimide. It can be obtained by baking at a temperature not higher than ° C.
- petroleum coats and coal coats obtained by firing a pitch material such as petroleum pitch and coal pitch can also be used as easy black ship coastal carbon.
- a pitch material such as petroleum pitch and coal pitch
- petroleum coatas and coal coats are preferred, and petroleum coatus is particularly preferred.
- this raw oil is heated to 400-900 ° C, preferably 430 ° C-800 ° C, usually for about 0.5 hours to 100 hours in an inert atmosphere.
- the raw carbon composition according to the first embodiment is obtained by the carbonization method. Carbonization treatment may be performed in multiple stages.
- the raw coal composition according to the second embodiment has a volatile content of 6 to 15% by mass, an average interlayer distance d of graphite crystals determined by X-ray diffraction of 0.3445 nm or less, and a microphone.
- the lower limit of the volatile content of the raw coal composition according to the second aspect is 6% by mass, preferably 6.5% by mass, and more preferably 7.0% by mass.
- a volatile content of 6% by mass or more is effective for obtaining a large specific surface area of 1800 m 2 / g or more by activation treatment.
- the upper limit of the volatile content is 15% by mass, preferably 12% by mass. If the volatile content exceeds 15% by mass, the average interlayer distance of the graphite crystals d
- the upper limit of the average interlayer distance d of the graphite crystal determined by X-ray diffraction is 0.3445nm, preferably 0.3440nm, more preferably
- the viewpoint power to obtain a higher specific surface area is also the average interlayer distance d
- the average interlayer distance d is the theoretical value of graphite crystals (0.3354 ⁇ ).
- the value of the micro strength of the raw coal composition according to the second embodiment is preferably 5 to 20%, particularly preferably 7 to 15%. Even in the raw coal composition according to the second aspect, when the micro strength is too large, the pore walls are too hard and the necessary pores tend not to develop in the subsequent activation process, and when the micro strength is too small, Although the reaction tends to proceed, the development of pores suitable for the electric double layer capacitor tends not to be obtained. Therefore, moderate hardness is required, the volatile content is 6-15% by mass, and the average interlayer distance d of graphite crystals is 0.3445nm or less.
- microintensity value is 5 to 20%.
- the value of the microintensity can be changed, for example, by appropriately selecting the carbonization treatment temperature.
- the raw coal composition according to the second aspect has the above-mentioned specific properties, and the raw material is not particularly limited.
- the raw material is not particularly limited.
- a commonly graphitizable carbon a petroleum-based coatus-based material is preferred. It shows the nature of The carbon material produced by such an easily graphitizable carbon power has higher electrical conductivity than those produced from non-graphitizable carbon. The internal resistance of the electrode tends to be further reduced.
- the volatile content decreases, and the average interlayer distance d002 decreases accordingly.
- the relationship between the volatile matter and the average interlayer distance varies depending on the characteristics of the feedstock oil and the carbonization conditions, and the raw coal composition according to the second aspect described above has graphite crystals in the initial stage of carbonization with a high volatile content. Can be produced for the first time by the following method with strictly set feedstock and carbonization conditions.
- a raw material having a sulfur content of 0.4% by mass or less, preferably 0.3% by mass or less, and a asphaltene content of 2.0% by mass or less, preferably 1.7% by mass or less.
- Oil for example, heavy petroleum oil
- this raw oil is carbon at 400 to 500 ° C, preferably 430 ° C to 480 ° C, usually about 3 to 100 hours under an inert atmosphere.
- the raw coal composition according to the second aspect can be obtained by the method of converting into the second state.
- the above sulfur content exceeds 0.4% by mass or the amount of asphaltene exceeds 2.0% by mass, a three-dimensional structure is developed by the crosslinking reaction during the carbonization process. It becomes difficult to obtain a raw coal composition.
- the raw material charcoal composition thus prepared is activated to become a carbon material for an electrode of an electric double layer capacitor.
- the activation treatment include an activation reaction with a drug and an activation reaction with a gas, and an activation reaction with an alkali metal compound is particularly preferred, where an activation reaction with a drug is more preferable.
- the specific surface area of the obtained carbon material is further improved by allowing the alkali metal to enter and react between the layers of the graphite crystals.
- alkali metal compound various carbonates and hydroxides can be used, and specifically, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide.
- alkali metal hydroxides such as potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide are preferred. Two or more of these alkali metal compounds may be used in combination.
- a combination of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide can be mentioned.
- sodium hydroxide is particularly preferable.
- the activation method is usually performed by mixing and heating a raw carbon composition and an activation agent such as an alkali metal compound in an activation reaction with a chemical.
- the mixing ratio of the raw carbon composition and the activator such as alkali metal hydroxide is not particularly limited, but usually the mass ratio of the two (raw carbon composition: activator) is 1: 0. A range of 1:10 is preferred. A range of 1: 1 to 1: 5 is preferred. In general, when there are too few activators such as alkali metal compounds, the activation reaction does not proceed sufficiently and the required specific surface area tends to be not obtained.
- the heating temperature during the activation treatment with the drug is not particularly limited, but the lower limit is usually 500 ° C, preferably 600 ° C, and the upper limit is usually 1000 ° C, preferably 900 ° C. More preferably, it is 800 ° C.
- the heating time for the activation treatment is not particularly limited, but is usually about 10 minutes to 10 hours, preferably about 30 minutes to 5 hours. In the activation process, it is desirable to heat the raw coal composition together with the activator in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
- the raw coal composition is in an atmosphere of weakly oxidative activation gas exemplified by carbon dioxide (combustion gas), oxygen, hydrogen chloride, chlorine, water vapor and the like.
- the method of heat-processing with is mentioned.
- the temperature at this time is preferably about 500 to 1000 ° C. Note that a gas activation method and a chemical activation method may be combined.
- Such activation reaction can be performed in any form such as an electric furnace, a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, a moving bed, a rotary kiln and the like.
- the specific surface area by the specific surface area is particularly large ⁇ short Nag BET method, for example 200 ⁇ 2500m 2 Zg, preferably 500 ⁇ 2 OOOm 2 The range is / g.
- the reason why pores suitable for the development of capacitance can be obtained despite the specific surface area that is not particularly large is not necessarily clear, but the present inventor does not activate the raw coal when the raw coal composition is activated.
- the hardness of the pore wall has a great influence on the development of pores related to the capacitance.If it is too hard, the pores do not develop, while if it is soft, the reaction during the activation process tends to proceed. We believe that the development of pores suitable for electric double layer capacitors cannot be achieved.
- the raw coal composition according to the second embodiment when the raw coal composition according to the second embodiment is activated, a carbon material for an electrode having a specific surface area by the BET method of 1800 m 2 / g or more, preferably 1900 m 2 / g or more is obtained.
- the raw coal composition according to the second aspect contains a predetermined amount of a high volatile component having a good reactivity with an alkali metal, and the alkali metal easily penetrates between the graphite crystal layers and enters the inside of the particles. However, it has a crystal structure in which the reaction with the alkali metal is easy to proceed, and these actions combine to produce a carbon material having a very high specific surface area.
- the mechanism of expression of the specific surface area when easy-graphite carbon is used as the raw coal composition of the present invention and activated with, for example, alkali metal hydroxide is coconut shell charcoal.
- non-graphite carbon such as By reacting directly with the element, pores are formed from the inside and the specific surface area is increased.
- the carbon graphite crystals are sufficiently developed. Therefore, in order to express a sufficient specific surface area by the activation treatment with such an alkali metal hydroxide, it has sufficient crystallinity for the alkali metal to enter the raw coal composition.
- it is necessary to have sufficient reactivity with the alkali metal and the raw coal composition of the present invention satisfies this condition.
- the carbon material for an electrode of the present invention preferably has the following various physical properties. That is, for example, for the pore volume, preferably 0.60 ⁇ : L 30cm 3 / g, more preferably ⁇ or 0.70 ⁇ : L 20cm 3 / g, average yarn field squeeze diameter [trick, preferably, 1.5 to 2.5nm, more preferably 1. 7 to 2.3 nm. Further, as the carbon material for an electrode, the lower the sulfur content, the more preferable the sulfur content is particularly preferably 500 ppm or less.
- the raw material carbon composition of the present invention is usually subjected to acid washing, water washing, drying, and pulverization steps to become a carbon material for an electric double layer capacitor electrode.
- an alkali metal compound used as the activator, the amount of alkali metal remaining in the carbon material is lower than the level that may adversely affect the electric double layer capacitor (preferably lOOOppm
- the pulverization step is performed by a known method, and it is usually desirable that the pulverization step be fine powder having an average particle size of 0.5 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably about 1 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention is characterized by including an electrode containing the carbon material for an electrode prepared as described above.
- the electrode may be configured by adding, for example, an electrode carbon material and a binder, more preferably a conductive agent, and may be an electrode integrated with a current collector.
- binder used here known ones can be used, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, fluororefin z butyl ether copolymer crosslinking. Examples thereof include polymers, carboxymethylcellulose, polybutylpyrrolidone, polybulal alcohol, and polyacrylic acid.
- the content of the binder in the electrode is not particularly limited, but is appropriately selected within a range of usually about 0.1 to 30% by mass with respect to the total amount of the carbon material for the electrode and the binder. Is done.
- the conductive agent powders such as carbon black, powder graphite, titanium oxide, and ruthenium oxide are used.
- the blending amount of the conductive agent in the electrode is appropriately selected according to the blending purpose, but is usually 1 to the total amount of the carbon material for the electrode, the binder and the conductive agent. It is appropriately selected within a range of about 50% by mass, preferably about 2 to 30% by mass.
- a known method is appropriately applied.
- a solvent having a property of dissolving the binder is added to the above components.
- a method in which a slurry is uniformly coated on the current collector, or a method in which the above components are kneaded without adding a solvent and then pressure-molded at room temperature or under heating is employed.
- the current collector a known material and shape can be used.
- a metal such as aluminum, titanium, tantalum, or nickel, or an alloy such as stainless steel can be used. I'll do it.
- the unit cell of the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention generally uses a pair of the above electrodes as a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and is opposed to each other via a separator (polypropylene fiber nonwoven fabric, glass fiber nonwoven fabric, synthetic cellulose paper, etc.) It is formed by immersing in an electrolytic solution.
- a separator polypropylene fiber nonwoven fabric, glass fiber nonwoven fabric, synthetic cellulose paper, etc.
- the electrolytic solution it is more preferable to use a force-organic electrolytic solution in which a known aqueous electrolytic solution or organic electrolytic solution can be used.
- a known aqueous electrolytic solution or organic electrolytic solution can be used.
- organic electrolytic solution those used as a solvent for an electrochemical electrolytic solution can be used.
- the supporting electrolyte in the organic electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, and various types of salts, acids, alkalis and the like that are usually used in the electrochemical field or the battery field can be used.
- Inorganic ion salts such as alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts, quaternary ammonium salts, cyclic quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary phosphonium salts, and the like (C)) NBF ,
- the concentration of these salts in the electrolytic solution is appropriately selected within the range of usually about 0.1 to 5 molZl, preferably about 0.5 to 3 molZl.
- a more specific configuration of the electric double layer capacitor is not particularly limited.
- Coin type housed in a metal case through a separator between a pair of thin sheet or disk electrodes (positive electrode and negative electrode) of ⁇ 500 / ⁇ ⁇ , and a pair of electrodes wound through a separator Examples thereof include a rotary type and a laminated type in which a large number of electrode groups are stacked via separators.
- the specimen was observed under crossed Nicols with these vibration directions orthogonally crossed. If the specimen is isotropic, the specimen field on the stage will not change even if the dark specimen is rotated. On the other hand, in the case of optical anisotropy, the brightness changes regularly when the stage is rotated.
- the rate was 22%.
- the raw carbon composition was mixed with 100 parts by mass of the raw material charcoal so that the amount of potassium hydroxide was 200 parts by mass, and the activation reaction was allowed to proceed at 750 ° C. for 1 hour in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. After the reaction, washing with water and acid washing (using HC1) was performed to remove the potassium metal remaining on the carbon material, followed by drying to obtain a carbon material for an electrode of an electric double layer capacitor.
- the specific surface area of this carbon material was 1980 m 2 / g.
- the pore volume was 0.95 cm 3 Zg, and the pore diameter was 1.9 nm.
- Two disk-shaped discs with a diameter of 16 mm are punched from the above electrode sheet, vacuum-dried at 120 ° C and 13.3 Pa (0. lTorr) for 2 hours, and then placed in a glove botton under a nitrogen atmosphere with a dew point of 85 ° C Then, an organic electrolyte (propylene carbonate solution of triethylmethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, concentration: 1 mol Z liter) was vacuum impregnated.
- the two electrodes are the positive and negative electrodes, respectively, and a glass fiber separator (ADVANTEC, trade name: GA-200, thickness: 200 m) is attached between the two electrodes, and aluminum foil current collectors are attached to both ends.
- An electric double layer capacitor (coin-type cell) was fabricated by incorporating it into a two-pole cell manufactured by Hosen.
- the coin cell was charged to 2.7V with a constant current of 10mA per 1F. After charging After holding at 2.7V for 12 hours, 10mA constant current discharge was performed. And from the amount of energy at the time of discharge, the following formula:
- the electrostatic capacity per unit volume (FZcc) obtained by multiplying the electrostatic capacity per unit mass by the packing density of the electrode was 32 FZcc.
- the internal resistance was 21 ⁇ . From the above results, it was confirmed that the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention achieves a very high level of capacitance of 30 FZcc or more. Table 1 summarizes the results together with other examples and comparative examples.
- Example 1 The raw coal composition of Example 1 was further treated in an inert gas atmosphere at 650 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a raw coal composition having a volatile content of 3.3 mass% and a micro strength of 13%.
- the average interlaminar distance of microcrystalline carbon was 0.344 nm, and the porosity was 24%.
- an alkali activation treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a carbon material for an electrode.
- This carbon material had a specific surface area of 900 m 2 / g, a pore volume of 0.47 cmVg, and a pore diameter of 2. Onm.
- an electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, the cell was assembled, and the capacitance was measured. As a result, the capacitance per unit volume (FZcc) was 34 FZcc.
- Example 1 The raw coal composition of Example 1 was further treated in an inert gas atmosphere at 750 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a raw coal composition having a volatile content of 1.7 mass% and a micro strength of 18%.
- the average interlaminar distance of microcrystalline carbon was 0.343 nm, and the porosity was 25%.
- an alkali activation treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a carbon material for an electrode.
- the carbon material had a specific surface area of 600 m 2 / g, a pore volume of 0.30 cm 3 / g, and a pore diameter of 2. lnm.
- an electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, the cell was assembled, and the capacitance was measured. As a result, the capacitance per unit volume (FZcc) was 35 FZcc.
- Example 1 Using the raw coal composition of Example 1, mixing with 100 parts by mass of the raw coal composition so that the amount of sodium hydroxide was 200 parts by mass, and in a nitrogen gas atmosphere at 600 ° C for 1 hour Activation reaction Made progress. Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, washing treatment was performed to obtain an electrode carbon material.
- This carbon material had a specific surface area of 800 m 2 / g, a pore volume of 0.45 cm 3 / g, and a pore diameter of 2.2 nm.
- an electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, the cell was assembled, and the capacitance was measured. As a result, the capacitance per unit volume (FZcc) was 40 FZcc.
- the bottom oil of the fluid catalytic cracking unit of heavy petroleum oil is blended with 90Vol% of the residual oil of the vacuum distillation unit, and the heavy mixed oil is carbonized by treating it at 470 ° C for 1 hour to produce volatile matter. Coking coal composition with mass%, micro strength 3%, porosity 17%, d 0. 350
- the raw material carbon composition obtained in this way was mainly composed of an optically anisotropic structure and a flow pattern when the structure was observed with a polarizing microscope.
- the obtained raw carbon composition was subjected to an alkali activation treatment in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a carbon material for an electrode.
- the specific surface area of this carbon material was 2200 m 2 / g, the pore volume was 1.027 cm 3 / g, and the pore diameter was 1.8 nm.
- the obtained raw carbon composition was subjected to an alkali activation treatment in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a carbon material for an electrode.
- the specific surface area of this carbon material was 1100 m 2 Zg, the pore volume was 575 cm 3 / g, and the pore diameter was 2. Onm.
- the coking coal composition of Comparative Example 1 was further treated at 650 ° C for 1 hour in an inert gas atmosphere.
- a raw material carbon composition having a mass of 3.6% by mass, a micro strength of 4% and a porosity of 39% was obtained.
- the cell was assembled and the capacitance was measured, and as a result, the capacitance per unit volume (FZcc) was 25 FZcc.
- the raw material charcoal composition of Example 1 was further treated in an inert gas atmosphere at 900 ° C. for 1 hour, and a raw material having a volatile content of 1.0% by mass, a microstrength of 25%, a porosity of 35%, and d 0.343 Charcoal composition
- Example 2 the cell was assembled, and the capacitance was measured. As a result, the capacitance per unit volume (FZcc) was 15 FZcc.
- a volatile content of 7.2% by mass is obtained by carbonizing a heavy petroleum oil with a sulfur content of 0.25% by mass and a asphaltene content of 1.5% by mass in an inert gas atmosphere by batch processing at 470 ° C for 6 hours.
- the raw material carbon composition obtained in this way exhibited properties as graphitizable carbon.
- the raw coal composition is mixed with 100 parts by mass of potassium hydroxide to 200 parts by mass.
- the activation reaction was allowed to proceed for 1 hour at 750 ° C in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- washing with water and acid washing (using HC1) was performed to remove the potassium metal remaining on the carbon material, followed by drying to obtain a carbon material for an electrode of an electric double layer capacitor.
- the specific surface area of this carbon material was 1980 m 2 / g.
- the pore volume was 0.91 cm 3 Zg and the pore diameter was 0.18 nm.
- Two disk-shaped discs with a diameter of 16 mm are punched from the above electrode sheet, vacuum-dried at 120 ° C and 13.3 Pa (0. lTorr) for 2 hours, and then placed in a glove botton under a nitrogen atmosphere with a dew point of 85 ° C Then, an organic electrolyte (propylene carbonate solution of triethylmethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, concentration: 1 mol Z liter) was vacuum impregnated.
- the two electrodes are the positive and negative electrodes, respectively, and a glass fiber separator (ADVANTEC, trade name: GA-200, thickness: 200 m) is attached between the two electrodes, and aluminum foil current collectors are attached to both ends.
- An electric double layer capacitor (coin-type cell) was fabricated by incorporating it into a two-pole cell manufactured by Hosen.
- the capacitance was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the capacitance per unit mass (FZg) was 44.3FZg, and the capacitance per unit volume (FZcc) was 32. lFZcc. there were. The internal resistance was 21 ⁇ . From the above results, it was confirmed that according to the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention, a very high level of capacitance of 30 FZcc or more was achieved.
- the raw coal composition obtained by carbonizing a petroleum heavy oil with a sulfur content of 4.5% by mass and a asphaltene content of 9.5% by mass in an inert gas atmosphere at 480 ° C for 4 hours has a volatile content. Although it was 6.8% by mass, the micro strength was 3%, which was outside the range of the present invention, and the average interlayer distance d of the graphite crystal was as high as 0.3450 nm.
- Example 5 When the heavy petroleum oil used in Example 5 was carbonized in a nitrogen gas atmosphere at 750 ° C. for 4 hours, the obtained raw coal composition had an average interlayer distance of graphite crystals d force SO. 3415 nm
- the volatile content was 2.2% by mass, but the microstrength force was 0%, outside the scope of the present invention.
- Example 5 The results of Example 5 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6 are summarized in Table 2.
- an electrode including the carbon material for an electrode of the present invention obtained from the raw coal composition of the present invention is used, an electric double layer capacitor having a large capacitance can be obtained. It is very useful for various applications such as power supply, standby power supply for various household appliances, and power supply for various portable devices.
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (4)
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CN200580028211.5A CN101010760B (zh) | 2004-08-18 | 2005-08-12 | 电偶极子层电容器的电极用碳材料的原料碳组合物 |
US11/573,875 US7754178B2 (en) | 2004-08-18 | 2005-08-12 | Raw-material carbon composition for carbon material for electrode of electric double-layer capacitor |
EP05780225.8A EP1786008B1 (en) | 2004-08-18 | 2005-08-12 | Raw material carbon composition for carbon material for electrode of electric double layer capacitor |
KR1020077005685A KR101135417B1 (ko) | 2004-08-18 | 2005-08-12 | 전기 이중층 커패시터의 전극용 탄소재의 원료탄 조성물 |
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JP2004238668A JP2006059923A (ja) | 2004-08-18 | 2004-08-18 | 電気二重層キャパシタの電極用炭素材の原料炭組成物 |
JP2004-276917 | 2004-09-24 | ||
JP2004276917A JP4233508B2 (ja) | 2004-09-24 | 2004-09-24 | 電気二重層キャパシタの電極用炭素材の原料炭組成物 |
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US7754178B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 |
EP1786008A1 (en) | 2007-05-16 |
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EP1786008B1 (en) | 2013-12-18 |
US20070258189A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
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