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WO2005116634A1 - Method probe and sensor for determination of the quality of food in particular meat - Google Patents

Method probe and sensor for determination of the quality of food in particular meat Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005116634A1
WO2005116634A1 PCT/FR2005/001081 FR2005001081W WO2005116634A1 WO 2005116634 A1 WO2005116634 A1 WO 2005116634A1 FR 2005001081 W FR2005001081 W FR 2005001081W WO 2005116634 A1 WO2005116634 A1 WO 2005116634A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
electrodes
stage
nutrient
probe
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2005/001081
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean Angelidis
Hakima Belbachir
Original Assignee
M Probe, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by M Probe, Inc. filed Critical M Probe, Inc.
Publication of WO2005116634A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005116634A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/02—Food
    • G01N33/12—Meat; Fish

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for determining the quality of a nutrient, in particular a nutrient of a meat nature.
  • the invention also relates to a probe and a sensor for implementing this method.
  • quality is meant the state of freshness of the nutrient. It is useful for restaurateurs, and in general all the catering trades, but also for communities, the food industry as well as for managers of fresh food stocks, to be able to determine the quality of a nutrient and thus monitor the state of freshness of fresh foodstuffs.
  • EP-A-0869360 describes a method for determining the quality of substances of a meaty nature by measurements of the electrical impedance at at least four frequencies. Such a method, requiring to work at several frequencies, is complex and does not have sufficient sensitivity.
  • EP-A-0259284 describes a probe for determining the quality of the meat by which a measurement of conductivity and light reflection is carried out. Such a device is complex and expensive.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method making it possible to quickly determine the quality of a nutrient and not requiring the use of qualified personnel to implement it. Another object of the invention is also to provide a method making it possible to determine the quality of a nutrient which does not affect the integrity of the nutrient to be tested. Another object of the invention is to provide a method making it possible to determine the quality of a sufficiently sensitive nutrient to present the safety which one is entitled to expect. Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description below.
  • the present invention meets these objects and provides a method for determining the state of freshness of a nutrient, characterized in that (a) two electrodes of a probe are brought into contact with the nutrient to be tested, (b) one applies, by means of a sinusoidal voltage generator producing a Vgenic voltage, in said nutrient through said electrodes a periodic electrical reference signal, called Vref reference signal, controlled in terms of voltage and current using a control means and passing through a current limiting means, (c) measuring the signal Vs obtained at the terminals of said electrodes, (d) comparing said signal Vs obtained with said reference signal Vref.
  • the signal Vref is fixed and that all the measurements are carried out with respect to it.
  • the comparison of the signal Vs obtained with said reference signal Vref consists of analyzing the phase shift of the signal Vs with respect to the signal Vref.
  • the phase shift of the signal Vs is read with respect to the signal Vref at the rise and the fall, that is to say the derivative of the upward and downward phase shift.
  • a phase advance of Vs relative to Vref gives an indication of the state of freshness of the nutrient to be tested and a phase delay of Vs relative to Vref gives an indication of a degradation of the nutrient to be tested.
  • the control means is for example chosen from resistors, impedances and sinusoidal current generators.
  • the current limiting means is for example chosen from resistors, impedances and sinusoidal current generators.
  • the phase shift of the signal Vs with respect to the reference signal Vref on the rising edge of the periodic signal and the phase shift of the signal Vs with respect to the reference signal are independently compared. Vréf on the falling front.
  • This provision is particularly advantageous because it makes it possible to collect additional information and to improve the reliability of the process, for example in the case of products (nutrients), in particular meats, in sauce, as well as products, in particular meats, cooked.
  • the measurement of a simple phase shift may not be sufficient to give a completely reliable indication of the quality of the nutrient, in particular in the case of meats, in particular cooked or in sauce.
  • phase shifts up and down which is analyzed.
  • This double information offers great flexibility in the range of nutrients to be tested and provides additional security which is useful in certain cases.
  • All the data concerning the nature of the nutrient or the food can be stored in a so-called reference table (memory) which serves as a comparative database with respect to the phase shift measurements on the rise and the descent carried out.
  • the electrodes can be placed on the nutrient to be tested.
  • the electrodes can also be inserted into the nutrient to be tested.
  • the present invention also relates to a probe for implementing the method described.
  • the probe according to the invention comprises two substantially tubular and substantially parallel electrodes fixed to an insulating block, two electrical input contacts each connected respectively to each of said electrodes, two electrical output contacts each connected respectively to each of said electrodes, two electrical conductors output each connected respectively to each electrical output contact, characterized in that said two electrodes are fixed to said insulating block removably.
  • the electrodes can therefore be changed after each measurement and easily cleaned.
  • the electrodes can also be discarded after each measurement.
  • the two electrical output conductors are advantageously included in a shielded CEM (Electro Magnetic Compatibility) cable limiting disturbances.
  • the electrodes are spaced apart by a distance of a few millimeters, for example from about 10 to about 30 mm.
  • the length of the electrodes is not critical. Usually the electrodes are each about 15 to about 25 mm long.
  • the electrodes are for example clipped onto the insulating block.
  • the electrodes can also be screwed onto the insulating block.
  • a probe is advantageously used in which the free ends of the electrodes are substantially in the form of a ball.
  • the electrodes are for example made of a material chosen from stainless steels, copper and metals covered with a deposit of gold.
  • the electrodes are each covered with a removable cap made of conductive material.
  • the present invention also relates to a sensor for implementing the method of the invention described above, characterized in that it comprises a generator, a circuit for supplying the electrodes comprising a control means and a current limiting means , and an electronic stage comprising two stages: a stage for measuring the reference signal Vref, called the stage for measuring the reference, and a stage for measuring the signal Vs, called the stage for measuring the signal, and a comparator for comparing Vs to Vref.
  • the comparator of the sensor is a phase comparator, also called phase shift meter.
  • the reference measurement stage comprises an impedance adapter current amplifier, a filter and a trigger stage for shaping the signal transforming the analog sinusoidal signal into a logic signal
  • the signal measurement stage comprises an impedance adapter current amplifier, a filter and a trigger stage for shaping the signal transforming the analog sinusoidal signal into a logic signal.
  • the filters limit reading errors due to parasites such as external electromagnetic influences.
  • the signal measurement stage also includes a monostable. The monostable can stabilize the signal to get out of the noise and at the same time allow the tilting threshold to be adjusted. It is also possible, via the monostable, to introduce an adjustable delay depending on the progress of the nutrient to be tested.
  • the trigger transforms an analog sinusoidal signal into a logic signal so as to perform a measurement over time.
  • the phase detector can, for example, light a green or red LED depending on the state of freshness of the nutrient tested.
  • the comparator for example the phase comparator, can trigger the lighting of a display LED, for example green if the nutrient is fresh and red if it is degraded.
  • the comparator can also be connected to a proportional measurement, readable for example on a dial or by display.
  • a housing can include the above sensor and possibly a display LED and / or a display and / or a dial.
  • the measurement can also be transmitted by radio to a central station.
  • the method of the present invention can be used to determine the state of freshness of meat nutrients such as meat, minced or not, fish, poultry but also for vegetables and fruits and in general for all the nutrients comprising a cellular structure.
  • the method of the invention makes it possible to obtain an almost immediate indication of the quality of the nutrient tested.
  • the sensor for implementing the method of the invention can be included in a portable and inexpensive box. Its use is very simple and does not require the intervention of qualified personnel.
  • FIG. 1 is a general schematic representation of the method of the invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of a probe according to the invention
  • - Figure 3 is a block diagram representation of an embodiment of the method of the invention.
  • two electrodes (1, l ') of a probe are brought into contact with the nutrient to be tested (2).
  • a generator (3) producing a sinusoidal voltage Vgene
  • Vref a periodic electrical reference signal
  • the signal Vref is controlled in terms of voltage and current using a control means (4) and it passes through a current limiting means (5).
  • FIG. 2 shows a probe for implementing the method of the invention.
  • the probe comprises substantially tubular and substantially parallel electrodes (1, l ') fixed to an insulating block (6), two electrical input contacts (7, 7') each connected respectively to each of the electrodes (1, l '), two electrical output contacts (8, 8 ') each connected respectively to each of the electrodes (1, l'), two electrical output conductors (9, 9 ') each connected respectively to each electrical output contact (8, 8' ).
  • the two electrodes (1, l ') are removably attached to the insulating block (6).
  • the electrical input contact (7) is connected to the electrode (1) and the electrical input contact (7 ') is connected to the electrode (1').
  • the electrical output conductor (9) is connected to the electrical output contact (8) and the electrical output conductor (9 ') is connected to the electrical output contact (8').
  • two electrodes (1, l ') of a probe are brought into contact with the nutrient to be tested (2).
  • a generator (3) producing a sinusoidal voltage Vgene
  • Vref a periodic electrical reference signal
  • the signal Vref is controlled in terms of voltage and current using a control means (4) and it passes through a current limiting means (5).
  • the sensor for implementing the method of the method of the invention comprises a generator (3), an electrode supply circuit comprising a control means (4) and a current limiting means (5), and an electronic stage comprising two stages, a stage E1 for measuring the reference signal Vref and a stage E2 for measuring the signal Vs as well as a comparator (10) for comparing the signal Vs with the signal Vref.
  • the comparator (10) is a phase comparator.
  • the comparator illustrated is a rocker comparator but it is also feared to use a proportional comparator.
  • the measurement stage of the reference E1 comprises a current amplifier (11) impedance adapter, a filter (12), a stage for signal shaping (13 ) transforming the analog sinusoidal signal into a logic signal and a monostable (14).
  • the signal measurement stage E2 comprises a current amplifier (11 ') impedance adapter, a filter (12') and a stage for signal shaping (13 ') transforming the analog sine wave signal into a logic signal .
  • the invention is illustrated by the nonlimiting example below. Example Measurements were made on a 10 g sample of minced beef. A sinusoidal alternating generator generates a constant generated V signal of 10 V peak.
  • the control means is a 44 ⁇ resistor.
  • the current limiting means is a resistance of 56 ⁇ .
  • the electrodes are inserted until approximately 8 V is obtained on Vréf. Approximately 5.6 V is then obtained on Vs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determination of the freshness of food, characterized in that (a) two electrodes (1, 1') of a probe are brought into contact with food for testing (2), (b) a periodic reference signal Vréf called the reference signal, is applied, by means of a sinusoidal voltage generator (3), producing a voltage Vgéné, to the food using said electrodes, the voltage and current of which is controlled by a control means (4) and passing thorugh a current-limiting means (5), (c) the signal Vs obtained at the terminals of said electrodes is measured and (d) said obtained signal Vs is compared with said reference signal Vréf. The inventive method permits an almost immediate indication of the quality of the food tested. The application thereof is simple and easy by means of a portable device and does not need the intervention of qualified personnel.

Description

Procédé, sonde et capteur pour déterminer la qualité d'un nutriment, en particulier d'un nutriment de nature carnéeMethod, probe and sensor for determining the quality of a nutrient, in particular a nutrient of a meat nature
Domaine technique de l'inventionTechnical field of the invention
La présente invention concerne un procédé pour déterminer la qualité d'un nutriment, en particulier un nutriment de nature carnée. L'invention se rapporte également à une sonde et à un capteur pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé. Au sens de la présente invention, par "qualité", il faut entendre l'état de fraîcheur du nutriment. Il est utile pour les restaurateurs, et en général tous les métiers de bouche, mais aussi pour les collectivités, les industries agroalimentaires ainsi que pour les responsables de stocks d'aliments frais, de pouvoir déterminer la qualité d'un nutriment et suivre ainsi l'état de fraîcheur de denrées alimentaires fraîches.The present invention relates to a method for determining the quality of a nutrient, in particular a nutrient of a meat nature. The invention also relates to a probe and a sensor for implementing this method. For the purposes of the present invention, by "quality" is meant the state of freshness of the nutrient. It is useful for restaurateurs, and in general all the catering trades, but also for communities, the food industry as well as for managers of fresh food stocks, to be able to determine the quality of a nutrient and thus monitor the state of freshness of fresh foodstuffs.
Etat de la techniqueState of the art
On connaît divers procédés permettant de déterminer la qualité d'un nutriment. On peut ainsi effectuer un prélèvement d'échantillons du nutriment et les analyser. Un tel procédé es ient, coûteux et il nécessite un personnel qualifié pour le mettre en oeuvre. Ce procédé présente en outre l'inconvénient d'affecter l'intégrité du nutriment à tester. EP-A-0869360 décrit un procédé servant à déterminer la qualité de substances de nature carnée par des mesures de l'impédance électrique à au moins quatre fréquences. Un tel procédé, nécessitant de travailler à plusieurs fréquences, est complexe et ne présente pas une sensibilité suffisante. EP-A-0259284 décrit une sonde pour déterminer la qualité de la viande par laquelle on effectue une mesure de conductivité et de réflexion de lumière. Un tel dispositif est complexe et onéreux.Various methods are known for determining the quality of a nutrient. It is thus possible to take samples of the nutrient and analyze them. Such a process is costly and requires qualified personnel to implement it. This method also has the disadvantage of affecting the integrity of the nutrient to be tested. EP-A-0869360 describes a method for determining the quality of substances of a meaty nature by measurements of the electrical impedance at at least four frequencies. Such a method, requiring to work at several frequencies, is complex and does not have sufficient sensitivity. EP-A-0259284 describes a probe for determining the quality of the meat by which a measurement of conductivity and light reflection is carried out. Such a device is complex and expensive.
Objets de l'inventionObjects of the invention
Un objet de la présente invention est de fournir un procédé permettant de déterminer rapidement la qualité d'un nutriment et ne nécessitant pas de faire appel à un personnel qualifié pour le mettre en œuvre. Un autre objet de l'invention est aussi de fournir un procédé permettant de déterminer la qualité d'un nutriment n'affectant pas l'intégrité du nutriment à tester. Un objet de l'invention est encore de fournir un procédé permettant de déterminer la qualité d'un nutriment suffisamment sensible pour présenter la sécurité que l'on est en droit d'attendre. D'autres objets et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description ci-après.An object of the present invention is to provide a method making it possible to quickly determine the quality of a nutrient and not requiring the use of qualified personnel to implement it. Another object of the invention is also to provide a method making it possible to determine the quality of a nutrient which does not affect the integrity of the nutrient to be tested. Another object of the invention is to provide a method making it possible to determine the quality of a sufficiently sensitive nutrient to present the safety which one is entitled to expect. Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description below.
Exposé de l'inventionStatement of the invention
La présente invention répond à ces objets et fournit un procédé permettant de déterminer l'état de fraîcheur d'un nutriment, caractérisé en ce que (a) on met deux électrodes d'une sonde au contact du nutriment à tester, (b) on applique, au moyen d'un générateur de tension sinusoïdal produisant une tension Vgéné, dans ledit nutriment à travers lesdites électrodes un signal électrique périodique de référence, dénommé signal de référence Vréf, contrôlé en termes de tension et de courant à l'aide d'un moyen de contrôle et traversant un moyen limiteur de courant, (c) on mesure le signal Vs obtenu aux bornes desdites électrodes, (d) on compare ledit signal Vs obtenu audit signal de référence Vréf. On notera que selon la présente invention, le signal Vréf est fixe et que toutes les mesures sont effectuées par rapport à lui.The present invention meets these objects and provides a method for determining the state of freshness of a nutrient, characterized in that (a) two electrodes of a probe are brought into contact with the nutrient to be tested, (b) one applies, by means of a sinusoidal voltage generator producing a Vgenic voltage, in said nutrient through said electrodes a periodic electrical reference signal, called Vref reference signal, controlled in terms of voltage and current using a control means and passing through a current limiting means, (c) measuring the signal Vs obtained at the terminals of said electrodes, (d) comparing said signal Vs obtained with said reference signal Vref. It will be noted that according to the present invention, the signal Vref is fixed and that all the measurements are carried out with respect to it.
Description détaillée des modes de réalisation préférésDetailed description of preferred embodiments
Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux de l'invention, la comparaison du signal Vs obtenu audit signal de référence Vréf consiste à analyser le déphasage du signal Vs par rapport au signal Vréf. En d'autres termes, on lit le déphasage du signal Vs par rapport au signal Vréf à la montée et à la descente, c'est-à-dire la dérivée du déphasage montant et descendant. Une avance de phase de Vs par rapport Vréf donne une indication de l'état de fraîcheur du nutriment à tester et un retard de phase de Vs par rapport à Vréf donne une indication d'une dégradation du nutriment à tester. Le moyen de contrôle est par exemple choisi parmi les résistances, les impédances et les générateurs de courant sinusoïdal. Le moyen limiteur de courant est par exemple choisi parmi les résistances, les impédances et les générateurs de courant sinusoïdal. Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention particulièrement préféré de l'invention, on compare indépendamment le déphasage du signal Vs par rapport au signal de référence Vréf sur le front montant du signal périodique et le déphasage du signal Vs par rapport au signal de référence Vréf sur le front descendant. Cette disposition est spécialement intéressante car elle permet de recueillir des informations supplémentaires et d'améliorer la fiabilité du procédé par exemple dans les cas de produits (nutriments), notamment de viandes, en sauce, ainsi que de produits, notamment de viandes, cuits. La mesure d'un déphasage simple peut ne pas être suffisante pour donner une indication tout à fait fiable de la qualité du nutriment, notamment dans le cas de viandes, en particulier cuites ou en sauce Selon cette disposition, c'est la combinaison des déphasages à la montée et à la descente qui est analysée. Cette double information offre une grande souplesse dans la gamme des nutriments à tester et apporte une sécurité supplémentaire utile dans certains cas. Toutes les données concernant la nature du nutriment ou de l'aliment peuvent être stockées dans un tableau dit de référence (mémoire) qui sert de base de données comparative par rapport aux mesures de déphasage à la montée et à la descente effectuées. Les électrodes peuvent être posées sur le nutriment à tester. Les électrodes peuvent aussi être enfoncées dans le nutriment à tester. La présente invention concerne également une sonde pour la mise en œuvre du procédé décrit. La sonde selon l'invention comprend deux électrodes sensiblement tubulaires et sensiblement parallèles fixées à un bloc isolant, deux contacts électriques d'entrée reliés chacun respectivement à chacune desdites électrodes, deux contacts électriques de sortie reliés chacun respectivement à chacune desdites électrodes, deux conducteurs électriques de sortie reliés chacun respectivement à chaque contact électrique de sortie, caractérisée en ce que lesdites deux électrodes sont fixées audit bloc isolant de façon amovible. Pour ne pas contaminer les nutriments à tester entre eux, on peut ainsi changer les électrodes après chaque mesure et les nettoyer facilement. Les électrodes peuvent aussi être jetées après chaque mesure. Les deux conducteurs électriques de sortie sont avantageusement inclus dans un câble blindé CEM (Compatibilité Electro Magnétique) limitant les perturbations. Les électrodes sont espacées entre elles d'une distance de quelques millimètres, par exemple d'environ 10 à environ 30 mm. La longueur des électrodes n'est pas critique. Habituellement les électrodes ont chacune une longueur d'environ 15 à environ 25 mm. Selon une disposition avantageuse de l'invention, les électrodes sont par exemple clipsées sur le bloc isolant. Les électrodes peuvent également être vissées sur le bloc isolant. Pour certaines formes de nutriments, on utilisera avantageusement une sonde dans laquelle les extrémités libres des électrodes ont sensiblement la forme d'une boule. Les électrodes sont par exemple constituées d'un matériau choisi parmi les aciers inoxydables, le cuivre et les métaux recouverts d'un dépôt d'or. Dans un mode de réalisation avantageux de l'invention, les électrodes sont chacune recouvertes d'un capuchon amovible en matériau conducteur. Il est ainsi possible de changer ce capuchon après chaque mesure pour ne pas contaminer les nutriments entre eux. La présente invention concerne également un capteur pour la mise en du procédé de l'invention décrit ci-dessus, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un générateur, un circuit d'alimentation des électrodes comprenant un moyen de contrôle et un moyen limiteur de courant, et un étage électronique comprenant deux étages : un étage de mesure du signal de référence Vréf, dénommé étage de mesure de la référence, et un étage de mesure du signal Vs, dénommé étage de mesure du signal, et un comparateur pour comparer Vs à Vréf. Selon une disposition de l'invention, le comparateur du capteur est un comparateur de phase, dénommé aussi mesureur de déphasage. Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention l'étage de mesure de la référence comporte un amplificateur de courant adaptateur d'impédance, un filtre et un étage trigger pour la mise en forme du signal transformant le signal sinusoïdal analogique en signal logique, et l'étage de mesure du signal comporte un amplificateur de courant adaptateur d'impédance, un filtre et un étage trigger pour la mise en forme du signal transformant le signal sinusoïdal analogique en signal logique. Les filtres limitent les erreurs de lecture dues aux parasites tels les influences électromagnétiques extérieures. Selon une disposition avantageuse de l'invention, l'étage de mesure du signal comporte en outre un monostable. Le monostable peut stabiliser le signal pour sortir du bruit et permettre en même temps de régler le seuil de basculement. On peut également par l'intermédiaire du monostable introduire un retard ajustable en fonction de l'état d'avancement du nutriment à tester. L'homme du métier comprendra que la mesure effectuée devra être associée à un tableau de référence. Le trigger, ou comparateur à réaction positive, transforme un signal sinusoïdal analogique en signal logique de manière à effectuer une mesure sur le temps. Le détecteur de phase peut par exemple allumer une LED verte ou rouge selon l'état de fraîcheur du nutriment testé. Le comparateur, par exemple le comparateur de phase, peut déclencher l'allumage d'une LED de visualisation, par exemple verte si le nutriment est frais et rouge s'il est dégradé. Le comparateur peut également être relié à une mesure proportionnelle, lisible par exemple sur un cadran ou par affichage. Selon l'invention, un boîtier peut inclure le capteur ci-dessus et éventuellement une LED de visualisation et/ou un affichage et/ou un cadran. La mesure peut aussi être transmise par radio à un poste central. Le procédé de la présente invention peut être utilisé pour déterminer l'état de fraîcheur de nutriments carnés tels viande, hachée ou non, poisson, volailles mais aussi pour les légumes et fruits et en général pour tous les nutriments comportant une structure cellulaire. Le procédé de l'invention permet d'obtenir une indication quasi immédiate de la qualité du nutriment testé. Le capteur pour la mise en œuvre du procédé de l'invention peut être inclus dans un boîtier portatif et peu onéreux. Son utilisation est très simple et ne nécessite pas l'intervention d'un personnel qualifié. La présente invention sera à présent décrite plus en détail en référence aux Figures annexées dans lesquelles : la Figure 1 est une représentation schématique générale du procédé de l'invention, la Figure 2 est une vue schématique en perspective d'une sonde selon l'invention, - la Figure 3 est une représentation synoptique bloc diagramme d'un mode de réalisation du procédé de l'invention. En référence à la Figure 1 , deux électrodes (1 , l') d'une sonde sont mises au contact du nutriment à tester (2). Au moyen d'un générateur (3) produisant une tension sinusoïdale Vgéné, un signal électrique périodique de référence Vréf est appliqué dans le nutriment à tester (2) à travers les électrodes (1 , l'). Le signal Vréf est contrôlé en termes de tension et de courant à l'aide d'un moyen de contrôle (4) et il traverse un moyen limiteur de courant (5). Le signal Vs obtenu aux bornes des électrodes (1 , l') est mesuré et comparé au signal Vréf. La Figure 2 représente une sonde pour la mise en œuvre du procédé de l'invention. La sonde comprend électrodes (1 , l') sensiblement tubulaires et sensiblement parallèles fixées à un bloc isolant (6), deux contacts électriques d'entrée (7, 7') reliés chacun respectivement à chacune des électrodes (1 , l'), deux contacts électriques de sortie (8, 8') reliés chacun respectivement à chacune des électrodes (1 , l'), deux conducteurs électriques de sortie (9, 9') reliés chacun respectivement à chaque contact électrique de sortie (8, 8'). Les deux électrodes (1 , l') sont fixées au bloc isolant (6) de façon amovible. Le contact électrique d'entrée (7) est relié à l'électrode (1) et le contact électrique d'entrée (7') est relié à l'électrode (1'). Le conducteur électrique de sortie (9) est relié au contact électrique de sortie (8) et le conducteur électrique de sortie (9') est relié au contact électrique de sortie (8'). En référence à la Figure 3, deux électrodes (1 , l') d'une sonde sont mises au contact du nutriment à tester (2). Au moyen d'un générateur (3) produisant une tension sinusoïdale Vgéné, un signal électrique périodique de référence Vréf est appliqué dans le nutriment à tester (2) à travers les électrodes (1 , l'). Le signal Vréf est contrôlé en termes de tension et de courant à l'aide d'un moyen de contrôle (4) et il traverse un moyen limiteur de courant (5). Le capteur pour la mise en du procédé du procédé de l'invention comprend un générateur (3), un circuit d'alimentation des électrodes comprenant un moyen de contrôle (4) et un moyen limiteur de courant (5), et un étage électronique comprenant deux étages, un étage E1 de mesure du signal de référence Vréf et un étage E2 de mesure du signal Vs ainsi qu'un comparateur (10) pour comparer le signal Vs au signal Vréf. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté dans la Figure 3, le comparateur (10) est un comparateur de phase. Le comparateur illustré est un comparateur à bascule mais on peur aussi utiliser un comparateur à mesure proportionnelle. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur la Figure 3, l'étage de mesure de la référence E1 comporte un amplificateur de courant (11) adaptateur d'impédance, un filtre (12), un étage pour la mise en forme du signal (13) transformant le signal sinusoïdal analogique en signal logique et un monostable (14). L'étage de mesure du signal E2 comporte un amplificateur de courant (11') adaptateur d'impédance, un filtre (12') et un étage pour la mise en forme du signal (13') transformant le signal sinusoïdal analogique en signal logique. L'invention est illustrée par l'exemple non limitatif ci-après. Exemple Des mesures ont été effectuées sur un échantillon de 10 g de viande de bœuf hachée. Un générateur alternatif sinusoïdal génère un signal Vgéné constant de 10 V crête. Le moyen de contrôle est une résistance de 44 Ω. Le moyen limiteur de courant est une résistance de 56 Ω. Les électrodes sont enfoncées jusqu'à l'obtention d'environ 8 V sur Vréf. On obtient alors environ 5,6 V sur Vs. Les conditions de mesure sont les suivantes : - Température T = 28°C - Humidité H = 49 % Fréquence F = 3,3 kHz On a effectué une mesure de la montée et de la descente du signal Vs sur de la viande fraîche et sur de la viande à 3 jours à la température de 28°C et on a comparé les indications données avec la mesure écouvillon de l'ATP (adénosine-triphosphate) effectuée avec un bioluminomètre. Les résultats sont les suivants : - Viande fraîche : * montée de -0,05 μs, descente de 0,05 μs. * mesure écouvillon : 53907 - Viande à 3 jours: * montée de -0,0 μs, descente de 2 μs. * mesure écouvillon : 285882 L'homme du métier comprendra que, bien que l'invention ait été décrite et illustrée pour des modes de réalisation particuliers, de nombreuses variantes peuvent être envisagées tout en restant dans le cadre de l'invention tel que défini dans les revendications annexées. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the comparison of the signal Vs obtained with said reference signal Vref consists of analyzing the phase shift of the signal Vs with respect to the signal Vref. In other words, the phase shift of the signal Vs is read with respect to the signal Vref at the rise and the fall, that is to say the derivative of the upward and downward phase shift. A phase advance of Vs relative to Vref gives an indication of the state of freshness of the nutrient to be tested and a phase delay of Vs relative to Vref gives an indication of a degradation of the nutrient to be tested. The control means is for example chosen from resistors, impedances and sinusoidal current generators. The current limiting means is for example chosen from resistors, impedances and sinusoidal current generators. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention of the invention, the phase shift of the signal Vs with respect to the reference signal Vref on the rising edge of the periodic signal and the phase shift of the signal Vs with respect to the reference signal are independently compared. Vréf on the falling front. This provision is particularly advantageous because it makes it possible to collect additional information and to improve the reliability of the process, for example in the case of products (nutrients), in particular meats, in sauce, as well as products, in particular meats, cooked. The measurement of a simple phase shift may not be sufficient to give a completely reliable indication of the quality of the nutrient, in particular in the case of meats, in particular cooked or in sauce. According to this provision, it is the combination of phase shifts up and down which is analyzed. This double information offers great flexibility in the range of nutrients to be tested and provides additional security which is useful in certain cases. All the data concerning the nature of the nutrient or the food can be stored in a so-called reference table (memory) which serves as a comparative database with respect to the phase shift measurements on the rise and the descent carried out. The electrodes can be placed on the nutrient to be tested. The electrodes can also be inserted into the nutrient to be tested. The present invention also relates to a probe for implementing the method described. The probe according to the invention comprises two substantially tubular and substantially parallel electrodes fixed to an insulating block, two electrical input contacts each connected respectively to each of said electrodes, two electrical output contacts each connected respectively to each of said electrodes, two electrical conductors output each connected respectively to each electrical output contact, characterized in that said two electrodes are fixed to said insulating block removably. In order not to contaminate the nutrients to be tested with each other, the electrodes can therefore be changed after each measurement and easily cleaned. The electrodes can also be discarded after each measurement. The two electrical output conductors are advantageously included in a shielded CEM (Electro Magnetic Compatibility) cable limiting disturbances. The electrodes are spaced apart by a distance of a few millimeters, for example from about 10 to about 30 mm. The length of the electrodes is not critical. Usually the electrodes are each about 15 to about 25 mm long. According to an advantageous arrangement of the invention, the electrodes are for example clipped onto the insulating block. The electrodes can also be screwed onto the insulating block. For certain forms of nutrients, a probe is advantageously used in which the free ends of the electrodes are substantially in the form of a ball. The electrodes are for example made of a material chosen from stainless steels, copper and metals covered with a deposit of gold. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the electrodes are each covered with a removable cap made of conductive material. It is thus possible to change this cap after each measurement so as not to contaminate the nutrients between them. The present invention also relates to a sensor for implementing the method of the invention described above, characterized in that it comprises a generator, a circuit for supplying the electrodes comprising a control means and a current limiting means , and an electronic stage comprising two stages: a stage for measuring the reference signal Vref, called the stage for measuring the reference, and a stage for measuring the signal Vs, called the stage for measuring the signal, and a comparator for comparing Vs to Vref. According to a provision of the invention, the comparator of the sensor is a phase comparator, also called phase shift meter. According to one embodiment of the invention, the reference measurement stage comprises an impedance adapter current amplifier, a filter and a trigger stage for shaping the signal transforming the analog sinusoidal signal into a logic signal, and the signal measurement stage comprises an impedance adapter current amplifier, a filter and a trigger stage for shaping the signal transforming the analog sinusoidal signal into a logic signal. The filters limit reading errors due to parasites such as external electromagnetic influences. According to an advantageous arrangement of the invention, the signal measurement stage also includes a monostable. The monostable can stabilize the signal to get out of the noise and at the same time allow the tilting threshold to be adjusted. It is also possible, via the monostable, to introduce an adjustable delay depending on the progress of the nutrient to be tested. Those skilled in the art will understand that the measurement carried out must be associated with a reference table. The trigger, or positive feedback comparator, transforms an analog sinusoidal signal into a logic signal so as to perform a measurement over time. The phase detector can, for example, light a green or red LED depending on the state of freshness of the nutrient tested. The comparator, for example the phase comparator, can trigger the lighting of a display LED, for example green if the nutrient is fresh and red if it is degraded. The comparator can also be connected to a proportional measurement, readable for example on a dial or by display. According to the invention, a housing can include the above sensor and possibly a display LED and / or a display and / or a dial. The measurement can also be transmitted by radio to a central station. The method of the present invention can be used to determine the state of freshness of meat nutrients such as meat, minced or not, fish, poultry but also for vegetables and fruits and in general for all the nutrients comprising a cellular structure. The method of the invention makes it possible to obtain an almost immediate indication of the quality of the nutrient tested. The sensor for implementing the method of the invention can be included in a portable and inexpensive box. Its use is very simple and does not require the intervention of qualified personnel. The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying Figures in which: Figure 1 is a general schematic representation of the method of the invention, Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of a probe according to the invention , - Figure 3 is a block diagram representation of an embodiment of the method of the invention. Referring to Figure 1, two electrodes (1, l ') of a probe are brought into contact with the nutrient to be tested (2). By means of a generator (3) producing a sinusoidal voltage Vgene, a periodic electrical reference signal Vref is applied in the nutrient to be tested (2) through the electrodes (1, l '). The signal Vref is controlled in terms of voltage and current using a control means (4) and it passes through a current limiting means (5). The signal Vs obtained at the terminals of the electrodes (1, l ') is measured and compared to the signal Vref. Figure 2 shows a probe for implementing the method of the invention. The probe comprises substantially tubular and substantially parallel electrodes (1, l ') fixed to an insulating block (6), two electrical input contacts (7, 7') each connected respectively to each of the electrodes (1, l '), two electrical output contacts (8, 8 ') each connected respectively to each of the electrodes (1, l'), two electrical output conductors (9, 9 ') each connected respectively to each electrical output contact (8, 8' ). The two electrodes (1, l ') are removably attached to the insulating block (6). The electrical input contact (7) is connected to the electrode (1) and the electrical input contact (7 ') is connected to the electrode (1'). The electrical output conductor (9) is connected to the electrical output contact (8) and the electrical output conductor (9 ') is connected to the electrical output contact (8'). Referring to Figure 3, two electrodes (1, l ') of a probe are brought into contact with the nutrient to be tested (2). By means of a generator (3) producing a sinusoidal voltage Vgene, a periodic electrical reference signal Vref is applied in the nutrient to be tested (2) through the electrodes (1, l '). The signal Vref is controlled in terms of voltage and current using a control means (4) and it passes through a current limiting means (5). The sensor for implementing the method of the method of the invention comprises a generator (3), an electrode supply circuit comprising a control means (4) and a current limiting means (5), and an electronic stage comprising two stages, a stage E1 for measuring the reference signal Vref and a stage E2 for measuring the signal Vs as well as a comparator (10) for comparing the signal Vs with the signal Vref. In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the comparator (10) is a phase comparator. The comparator illustrated is a rocker comparator but it is also feared to use a proportional comparator. In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the measurement stage of the reference E1 comprises a current amplifier (11) impedance adapter, a filter (12), a stage for signal shaping (13 ) transforming the analog sinusoidal signal into a logic signal and a monostable (14). The signal measurement stage E2 comprises a current amplifier (11 ') impedance adapter, a filter (12') and a stage for signal shaping (13 ') transforming the analog sine wave signal into a logic signal . The invention is illustrated by the nonlimiting example below. Example Measurements were made on a 10 g sample of minced beef. A sinusoidal alternating generator generates a constant generated V signal of 10 V peak. The control means is a 44 Ω resistor. The current limiting means is a resistance of 56 Ω. The electrodes are inserted until approximately 8 V is obtained on Vréf. Approximately 5.6 V is then obtained on Vs. The measurement conditions are as follows: - Temperature T = 28 ° C - Humidity H = 49% Frequency F = 3.3 kHz A measurement of the rise and the descent of the Vs signal on fresh meat and on meat at 3 days at a temperature of 28 ° C. and the indications given were compared with the swab measurement of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) carried out with a bioluminometer. The results are as follows: - Fresh meat: * rise of -0.05 μs, fall of 0.05 μs. * swab measurement: 53907 - Meat at 3 days: * rise of -0.0 μs, fall of 2 μs. * swab measurement: 285882 Those skilled in the art will understand that, although the invention has been described and illustrated for particular embodiments, many variants can be envisaged while remaining within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé permettant de déterminer l'état de fraîcheur d'un nutriment, caractérisé en ce que (a) on met deux électrodes (1 , l') d'une sonde au contact du nutriment à tester1. Method for determining the state of freshness of a nutrient, characterized in that (a) two electrodes (1, l ') of a probe are brought into contact with the nutrient to be tested
(2), (b) on applique, au moyen d'un générateur (3) de tension sinusoïdale produisant une tension Vgéné, dans ledit nutriment à travers lesdites électrodes un signal électrique périodique de référence, dénommé signal de référence Vréf, contrôlé en termes de tension et de courant à l'aide d'un moyen de contrôle (4) et traversant un moyen limiteur de courant (5), (c) on mesure le signal Vs obtenu aux bornes desdites électrodes, (d) on compare ledit signal Vs obtenu audit signal de référence Vréf. (2), (b) applying, by means of a sinusoidal voltage generator (3) producing a Vgenic voltage, in said nutrient through said electrodes a periodic electrical reference signal, called Vref reference signal, controlled in terms voltage and current using a control means (4) and passing through a current limiting means (5), (c) measuring the signal Vs obtained at the terminals of said electrodes, (d) comparing said signal Vs obtained at said reference signal Vref.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que on analyse le déphasage du signal Vs par rapport au signal Vréf. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the phase shift of the signal Vs is compared with the signal Vref.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le moyen de contrôle (4) est choisi parmi les résistances, les impédances et les générateurs de courant sinusoïdal. 3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the control means (4) is chosen from resistors, impedances and sinusoidal current generators.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le moyen limiteur de courant (5) est choisi parmi les résistances, les impédances et les générateurs de courant sinusoïdal. 4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the current limiting means (5) is chosen from resistors, impedances and sinusoidal current generators.
5. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on compare indépendamment le déphasage du signal Vs par rapport au signal de référence Vréf sur le front montant du signal périodique et le déphasage du signal Vs par rapport au signal de référence Vréf sur le front descendant. 5. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that one independently compares the phase shift of the signal Vs with respect to the reference signal Vref on the rising edge of the periodic signal and the phase shift of the signal Vs with respect to the reference signal Vref on the falling edge.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que les électrodes (1 , l') sont posées sur le nutriment à tester (2). 6. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes (1, l ') are placed on the nutrient to be tested (2).
7. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que les électrodes (1 , l') sont enfoncées dans le nutriment à tester (2). 7. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes (1, l ') are driven into the nutrient to be tested (2).
8. Sonde pour la mise en œuvre du procédé selon la revendication 1 , comprenant deux électrodes (1 , l') sensiblement tubulaires et sensiblement parallèles fixées à un bloc isolant (6), deux contacts électriques d'entrée (7, 7') reliés chacun respectivement à chacune desdites électrodes, deux contacts électriques de sortie (8, 8') reliés chacun respectivement à chacune desdites électrodes, deux conducteurs électriques de sortie (9, 9') reliés chacun respectivement à chaque contact électrique de sortie, caractérisée en ce que lesdites deux électrodes sont fixées audit bloc isolant de façon amovible. 8. Probe for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising two substantially tubular and substantially parallel electrodes (1, l ') fixed to an insulating block (6), two electrical input contacts (7, 7') each connected respectively to each of said electrodes, two electrical output contacts (8, 8 ') each connected respectively to each of said electrodes, two electrical output conductors (9, 9') each connected respectively to each electrical contact of outlet, characterized in that said two electrodes are fixed to said insulating block in a removable manner.
9. Sonde selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les électrodes sont espacées entre elles d'une distance d'environ 10 à environ 30 mm. 9. A probe according to claim 8, characterized in that the electrodes are spaced apart from a distance of about 10 to about 30 mm.
10. Sonde selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les électrodes ont chacune une longueur d'environ 15 à environ 25 mm. 10. A probe according to claim 8, characterized in that the electrodes each have a length of about 15 to about 25 mm.
11. Sonde selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les électrodes sont clipsées sur le bloc isolant. 11. Probe according to claim 8, characterized in that the electrodes are clipped onto the insulating block.
12. Sonde selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les électrodes sont vissées sur le bloc isolant. 12. Probe according to claim 8, characterized in that the electrodes are screwed onto the insulating block.
13. Sonde selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les extrémités libres des électrodes ont sensiblement la forme d'une boule. 13. A probe according to claim 8, characterized in that the free ends of the electrodes have substantially the shape of a ball.
14. Sonde selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les électrodes sont constituées d'un matériau choisi parmi les aciers inoxydables, le cuivre et les métaux recouverts d'un dépôt d'or. 14. A probe according to claim 8, characterized in that the electrodes are made of a material chosen from stainless steels, copper and metals covered with a deposit of gold.
15. Sonde selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les électrodes sont chacune recouvertes d'un capuchon amovible en matériau conducteur. 15. A probe according to claim 8, characterized in that the electrodes are each covered with a removable cap of conductive material.
16. Capteur pour la mise en du procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un générateur (3), un circuit d'alimentation des électrodes comprenant un moyen de contrôle (4) et un moyen limiteur de courant (5), et un étage électronique comprenant deux étages : un étage E1 de mesure du signal de référence Vréf, dénommé étage de mesure de la référence, et un étage E2 de mesure du signal Vs, dénommé étage de mesure du signal, et un comparateur (10) pour comparer Vs à Vréf. 17 Capteur selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que le comparateur (10) est un comparateur de phase, dénommé aussi mesureur de déphasage. 18. Capteur selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que l'étage de mesure de la référence E1 comporte un amplificateur de courant (11) adaptateur d'impédance, un filtre (12) et un étage pour la mise en forme du signal (13) transformant le signal sinusoïdal analogique en signal logique et en ce que l'étage de mesure du signal E2 comporte un amplificateur de courant (11') adaptateur d'impédance, un filtre (12') et un étage pour la mise en forme du signal (13') transformant le signal sinusoïdal analogique en signal logique. 19. Capteur selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que l'étage de mesure de la référence E1 comporte en outre un monostable (14). 16. Sensor for implementing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a generator (3), an electrode supply circuit comprising a control means (4) and a current limiting means (5 ), and an electronic stage comprising two stages: a stage E1 for measuring the reference signal Vref, called the stage for measuring the reference, and a stage E2 for measuring the signal Vs, called the stage for measuring the signal, and a comparator ( 10) to compare Vs to Vréf. 17 Sensor according to claim 16, characterized in that the comparator (10) is a phase comparator, also called phase shift meter. 18. Sensor according to claim 17, characterized in that the stage for measuring the reference E1 comprises a current amplifier (11) impedance adapter, a filter (12) and a stage for shaping the signal ( 13) transforming the analog sinusoidal signal into a logic signal and in that the signal measurement stage E2 comprises a current amplifier (11 ') impedance adapter, a filter (12') and a stage for shaping of the signal (13 ') transforming the analog sinusoidal signal into a logic signal. 19. Sensor according to claim 18, characterized in that the measurement stage of the reference E1 further comprises a monostable (14).
PCT/FR2005/001081 2004-04-30 2005-04-29 Method probe and sensor for determination of the quality of food in particular meat WO2005116634A1 (en)

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Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2371180A1 (en) * 2008-05-08 2011-12-28 Universidad Politecnica De Valencia SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT AND / OR MONITORING OF THE DEGREE OF CURING AND COMPOSITION INSIDE MEAT AND FISHING PRODUCTS, AND OTHER DRY-SALTED PRODUCTS DURING PROCESSING.
RU2488104C1 (en) * 2012-01-27 2013-07-20 Анатолий Иванович Мамаев Method for determination of electrical characteristics and/or identification of biological objects and apparatus for realising said method
CN109470746A (en) * 2018-11-19 2019-03-15 浙江工商大学 A kind of pork freshness detection method
US11397159B1 (en) 2018-08-31 2022-07-26 Byte Nutrition Science Incorporated Systems, devices and methods for analyzing constituents of a material under test

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GB1287190A (en) * 1970-03-25 1972-08-31 Nat Res Dev Improvements in or relating to apparatus for determining the condition of food
FR2605096A1 (en) * 1986-10-10 1988-04-15 Chagneau Francis Device for measuring the thickness of layers of biological substances
GB2288022A (en) * 1994-03-23 1995-10-04 Central Research Lab Ltd Method of sensing the condition of a piece of food
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1598582A1 (en) * 1967-03-29 1970-10-29 Hoester Geb Klein Helgard Measuring device for determining the water content in fresh meat or the salt content in poached meat
GB1287190A (en) * 1970-03-25 1972-08-31 Nat Res Dev Improvements in or relating to apparatus for determining the condition of food
FR2605096A1 (en) * 1986-10-10 1988-04-15 Chagneau Francis Device for measuring the thickness of layers of biological substances
GB2288022A (en) * 1994-03-23 1995-10-04 Central Research Lab Ltd Method of sensing the condition of a piece of food
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2371180A1 (en) * 2008-05-08 2011-12-28 Universidad Politecnica De Valencia SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT AND / OR MONITORING OF THE DEGREE OF CURING AND COMPOSITION INSIDE MEAT AND FISHING PRODUCTS, AND OTHER DRY-SALTED PRODUCTS DURING PROCESSING.
RU2488104C1 (en) * 2012-01-27 2013-07-20 Анатолий Иванович Мамаев Method for determination of electrical characteristics and/or identification of biological objects and apparatus for realising said method
US11397159B1 (en) 2018-08-31 2022-07-26 Byte Nutrition Science Incorporated Systems, devices and methods for analyzing constituents of a material under test
CN109470746A (en) * 2018-11-19 2019-03-15 浙江工商大学 A kind of pork freshness detection method

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