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WO2005111342A1 - Lifting and erecting anchor for a panel made of a curable material, particularly concrete - Google Patents

Lifting and erecting anchor for a panel made of a curable material, particularly concrete Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005111342A1
WO2005111342A1 PCT/FR2005/000786 FR2005000786W WO2005111342A1 WO 2005111342 A1 WO2005111342 A1 WO 2005111342A1 FR 2005000786 W FR2005000786 W FR 2005000786W WO 2005111342 A1 WO2005111342 A1 WO 2005111342A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wings
rod
anchor
oblique
boss
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2005/000786
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Marcel Arteon
Original Assignee
Verde, Patrick
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Verde, Patrick filed Critical Verde, Patrick
Publication of WO2005111342A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005111342A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/62—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled
    • B66C1/66—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled for engaging holes, recesses, or abutments on articles specially provided for facilitating handling thereof
    • B66C1/666—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled for engaging holes, recesses, or abutments on articles specially provided for facilitating handling thereof for connection to anchor inserts embedded in concrete structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E04G21/142—Means in or on the elements for connecting same to handling apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention generally relates to anchors intended for handling panels of hardenable material, in particular concrete. More specifically, the invention relates to a lifting and lifting anchor for a panel made of curable material, in particular concrete, this panel possibly having a small thickness in a first direction relative to its dimensions in a plane perpendicular to this first direction, this anchor comprising an elongated rod in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first embedded in the panel, a gripping head secured to an outer end of the rod projecting from the panel, and a boss increasing the thickness of the outer end of the rod in the first direction.
  • Anchors comprising a boss or a conical lateral anchoring foot with an axis substantially perpendicular to the rod .
  • Such an anchor can be used to raise a precast concrete panel horizontally.
  • the lifting operation consists in passing this panel from a horizontal position to a vertical position, by applying to the head of the anchor a force oriented at the start in the first direction, then gradually oblique to the first and second directions while the panel is tilting, and finally following the second direction when the panel is vertical.
  • the anchor can also be used to lift the panel once it is in the vertical position, by applying an effort in the second direction to the head of the anchor.
  • the panel can be used to turn the panel over, extending the lifting movement beyond the vertical position, so as to tilt the panel back to the horizontal after having turned it over 180 °.
  • the force is applied to the anchor in the second direction in the vertical position of the panel, then gradually oblique to the first and second directions while the panel is rocking, and finally in the first direction, in the opposite direction to the lifting movement. , when the panel is horizontal.
  • the anchor boss makes it possible to increase the rigidity of the anchor under the head, and to prevent it from twisting during lifting.
  • the lateral anchoring makes it possible to increase the resistance of the anchor to pulling out during the lifting, when a force is applied in the first direction to the head of the anchor, by creating a compression zone for the concrete of axis in the first direction or slightly inclined with respect to the first direction, contributing strongly to this resistance. This is particularly important for thin panels in this first direction.
  • the anchor described in EP-B-0 434 819 gives full satisfaction, both for lifting, lifting and turning operations.
  • the present invention aims to provide an anchor optimized compared to those of EP-B-0 434 819, offering even higher performance both in lifting as in lifting and turning. These optimized anchors offer better resistance to lifting in lifting, and thus make it possible to raise even thinner and / or heavier panels without cracking the concrete.
  • the device of the invention is essentially characterized in that it comprises at least two oblique anchoring wings extending along the rod from the boss, on two opposite sides of this rod, in an oblique direction relative to the first and second directions, in a direction opposite to the head.
  • the anchor may also have one or more of the following characteristics. These oblique wings extend in a plane substantially parallel to a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions. These oblique wings widen in the third direction from the boss.
  • the oblique wings extend on a side opposite the boss along the rod by two second mutually parallel anchoring wings extending in a longitudinal direction.
  • the second anchoring wings extend in a plane substantially parallel to the second direction.
  • the second anchor wings extend in the same plane as the oblique wings.
  • the external part of the anchor has on a side opposite the boss a second boss similar to this one.
  • the oblique wings and / or the second wings, considered in section perpendicular to the oblique direction and to the longitudinal direction respectively, have sections of decreasing thickness from the stem.
  • the rod is delimited by two large flat faces, parallel and opposite, perpendicular to the third direction, the second wings extending along these large faces.
  • FIGS. 1A to 1C are section views in a plane containing the first and second directions of a concrete panel at different stages of a lifting operation, the panel being represented in FIG. 1A in the horizontal starting position, in FIG. 1B during lifting, and in the Figure 1C in vertical position of arrival, these views revealing the anchor and the lifting ring cooperating therewith
  • Figure 2 is a side view of an anchor according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the anchor of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of the anchor of FIG. 2 , considered according to arrow IV of Figure 2
  • Figures 5 to 7 are views similar to those of Figures 2 to 4, for a second embodiment of the invention
  • Figures 8 to 10 are views similar to those of Figures 2 to 4, for a third embodiment of the invention.
  • the anchor is suitable for lifting, lifting and turning panels made of a hardenable material, in particular but not exclusively of precast concrete panels 10.
  • Such a panel typically has the general shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, of small thickness in a first direction XX ′ relative to its dimensions in a plane perpendicular to this first direction.
  • This panel 10 is delimited by two large opposite faces 11 perpendicular to the first direction XX ', and four small faces 12 connecting the two large faces 11, constituting the edge of the panel 10.
  • Two opposite small faces 12 are perpendicular to a second direction YY ', and two other small opposite faces 12 are perpendicular to a third direction ZZ' perpendicular to the second.
  • the second and third directions YY 'and ZZ' are perpendicular to the first.
  • the two large faces 11 are generally flat but may have various geometric shapes. If the shapes of the panels to be raised are generally parallelepipedic, more massive pieces of various shapes may justify the use of this type of anchor.
  • the anchor 2 comprises a rod 20 elongated substantially in the second direction YY ', having a main part 23 embedded in the panel 10, and an external part 21 secured to one end of the main part 23 and aligned with the latter.
  • the outer part 21 protrudes from the panel 10.
  • the anchor 2 also comprises a gripping head 30 secured to the end of the outer part 21 opposite the main part 23, and a boss 40 increasing the thickness of the part outer 21 of the rod 20 in the first direction.
  • the rod 20 has a large section perpendicular to the second direction YY ', several millimeters in width along the first and third directions.
  • the anchor 2 is of the spherical head type, this head being intended to cooperate, both for the lifting, lifting and turning, with a ring 70 of the type described in patent documents FR-A- 1 568 605, FR-A-2 382 398 and EP-B-0 679 143. More precisely, the head 30 has the form of a solid disc, with an axis extending in the second direction YY ′, of diameter greater than the width of the rod at least in the first or third direction.
  • the ring 70 comprises a spherical part 71 for connection with the head 30 of the anchor, called the nut, and a ring 72 ensuring the connection between the nut 71 and the lifting device, called the shackle.
  • the nut has an arcuate groove 711 centered on the center of the nut 71 and extending substantially over a quarter of a circle, open on a radially outer side, in which the head 30 of the anchor engages.
  • the groove 711 has a T-section, and comprises a radially inner zone of relatively larger width intended to receive the head 30 of the anchor 2, and a radially outer zone of relatively smaller width intended to receive the outer part 21 of the rod 20.
  • the width of the internal zone of the groove 711 corresponds to the diameter of the head 30, and the width of the external zone corresponds to the width of the external part 21, considered in the third direction
  • the groove 711 comprises at one end a hole for introducing the head 30 of the anchor into the groove 711, and has a blind end opposite the introduction hole, the head 30 occupying during the panel lifting and lifting operations, a handling position in which it abuts against this blind end.
  • the outer part 21 of the rod 20 and the head 30 of the anchor 2 are arranged in a hemispherical reservation 13 formed in a small face 12 of the panel 10 perpendicular to the second direction YY ′, this reservation 13 having a diameter slightly greater than that of the nut 71.
  • the operation of lifting the panel 10 is carried out first by engaging the nut 71 in the reservation 13, so that the head 30 of the anchor 2 enters the orifice of the groove 711.
  • the nut 71 is oriented so that the groove 711 extends in a plane containing the first and second directions, its blind end being turned upwards, on the side towards which the lifting effort will be exerted.
  • the nut 71 is then pivoted to bring the head 30 into abutment at the blind end of the groove 71.
  • the shackle 72 then extends in the first direction XX ', or is slightly inclined relative to the first direction. We are in the situation of Figure 1A.
  • the force exerted by the means on the lifting anchor is oriented substantially in the first direction XX ', and is materialized by the arrow F in FIG. 1A. While the panel 10 rocks from horizontal to vertical, the orientation of the force progressively changes from the first direction XX 'to the second direction YY', while the shackle 72 pivots relative to the nut 71, as shown in Figure 1B. When the panel 10 is in the vertical position, the force exerted by the lifting means is oriented in the second direction YY ', as shown in Figure 1C, the shackle 72 also extending in this direction.
  • the head 30 is always at the blind end of the groove 71.
  • the lifting means exert a force in the second direction Y-Y 'on the anchor 2.
  • the boss 40 projects in the first direction XX 'relative to the rod 20, on an upper side thereof, and has substantially the same width as the rod in the third direction ZZ'. It extends in the second direction YY 'along the head 30 and along the outer part 21 of the rod, and forms a shoulder ent 25 on a side opposite to the head 30.
  • the boss 40 increases the rigidity of the rod 20 in the first direction XX ′, and makes it possible to prevent this rod from deforming during the lifting operation. Such a deformation would have the effect that the nut 71 comes to bear against the surface of the reservation 13, damaging the concrete at the point of contact.
  • the boss 40 extends practically along the entire head 30 of the anchor, and projects in the first direction XX ′ with respect to the periphery of this head 30. It follows that, when the head 30 is in abutment at the blind end of the groove 71, the boss 40 is interposed between this end and the head 30. The presence of the boss 40 is particularly advantageous when the anchor 2 cooperates with a nut 71 carrying a maneuvering tab 712 substantially radial. When the panel 10 is horizontal, the head 30 occupying its handling position, the tab 712 extends upwards in the first direction XX ′, in the immediate vicinity of the small face 12 of the panel 10.
  • the anchor 2 comprises at least two oblique anchoring wings 50 extending along the rod 20 from the boss 40, on two opposite sides of this rod 20, in an oblique direction relative to the first and second directions XX 'and YY', in a general direction opposite to the head 30.
  • the two oblique wings 50 are thin, and extend in the same plane substantially parallel to the third direction ZZ '.
  • These oblique wings 50 arise immediately behind the recess in the reservation 13, at the level of the shoulder 25 and go on expanding regularly in the third direction ZZ 'from the boss 40. Each has a relatively small width depending on the third direction ZZ 'at the shoulder 25, this width increasing steadily when the wing is followed in the oblique direction away from the shoulder 25.
  • Each oblique wing 50 extends on one side opposite the boss 40 along the rod 20 by a second anchoring wing 60, these second wings 60 being mutually parallel and extending in a longitudinal direction from the oblique wings 50.
  • These second wings 60 are for example of widths constants in the third direction ZZ ', but may also have a variable width.
  • each second wing 60 is extended on a side opposite to the oblique wings 50 along the rod 20 by a third anchoring wing 65 extending in the same longitudinal direction as the second wings 60.
  • These third wings 65 go by regularly narrowing in the third direction ZZ 'from the second wings 60.
  • Each has a relatively greater width in the third direction ZZ' at its end closest to the second wing 60, this width decreasing steadily when we follows the third wing in the longitudinal direction away from the second wing 60.
  • this width is zero, the third wing 65 thus forming a point on the side opposite to the head 30.
  • the second and third wings 60 and 65 extend practically over the entire length of the main part 23 in the second direction YY ', substantially to an inner end 22 of the rod 20 opposite the outer part 21.
  • the width of each of the second wings 60 in the third direction ZZ ' is substantially equal to that of the main part 23 of the rod 20.
  • the respective maximum widths of the oblique wings 50 and of the third wings 65 are also substantially equal to the width of the main part 23 of the rod 20.
  • the oblique wings 50 considered in section perpendicular to the oblique direction, have trapezoidal sections , touching the rod 20 by their large bases.
  • the second wings 60 and the third wings 65 considered in section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, have trapezoidal sections, touching the rod 20 by their large bases.
  • the oblique wings 50, the second wings 60 and the third wings 65 therefore have a decreasing thickness from the rod 20 towards an external free edge opposite to the rod 20.
  • the wings may have triangular sections, of thickness decreasing from the rod 20.
  • the thickness of the second or third wings is called the dimension of the latter considered in a direction perpendicular both to the longitudinal direction and to the third direction ZZ '.
  • the thickness of the oblique wing is called the dimension of the wing considered in a perpendicular direction. both in the oblique direction and in the third direction ZZ '.
  • the free edge of the oblique wing 50 departs from the rod 20 from the shoulder 25, and extends obliquely to one end of the free edge of the second wing 60.
  • the free edge of the oblique wing 50 departs from the rod 20, and extends obliquely to another end of the free edge of the second wing 60.
  • FIG. 3 shows that the main part 23 of the rod 20, considered in section perpendicular to the second direction YY ', has an elongated rectangular section in the first direction XX'. The dimension ratio between the large and small sides of this rectangular section is of the order of two.
  • the main part 23 of the rod 20 is thus delimited by two long sides 24 planes, mutually parallel and opposite, perpendicular to the third direction ZZ '.
  • the oblique wings 50, the second wings 60 and the third wings 65 extend along these long sides 24.
  • the thickness of the wings at the level of the rod 20 is approximately one third of the height of the large faces 24 considered. following the first direction XX '.
  • the thickness of the wings at their respective free edges is small relative to the height of the large faces 24. It will be noted that, due to their trapezoidal sections, the oblique wings 50, the second wings 60 and the third wings 65 are delimited each by converging upper 80 and lower 81 faces, constituting the two opposite non-parallel sides of the trapezoid section.
  • upper and lower faces 80/81 each form an angle slightly greater than 90 ° relative to the long side 24 carrying the corresponding wing.
  • the angle formed by the upper face 80 is slightly larger than the angle formed by the lower face 81.
  • the external part 21 of the rod 20 and the boss 40 considered in section perpendicular to the second direction YY ', have an elongated oblong section in the first direction XX'.
  • An upper part of this section, corresponding to the boss 40 has a semi-disc shape.
  • a lower part of this section, opposite the upper part, has the same half-disc shape.
  • the end part 21 is also delimited by two large flat sides, mutually parallel and opposite, perpendicular to the third direction Z-Z ', being in line with the long sides 24 of the main part 23 of the rod 20.
  • the main part 23 projects from the lower side with respect to the end part 21, a rounded shoulder making the transition between the two parts.
  • the anchor 2 also comprises an eye 90 formed at the inner end 22 of the main part 23, this eye 90 having a cylindrical shape with an axis parallel to the third direction ZZ 'and being intended to receive a preformed steel in the form of d pin called hanger, not shown.
  • the base of the eye 90 that is to say the part of the eye 90 furthest from the end part 21 in the second direction Y-Y ′, preferably has two opposite flared ends, so that the hairline hanger is, as soon as it is placed in the eye, in contact with the inner surface of this eye.
  • the inner end 22 provided with an eye 90 can be replaced by a conical foot with an axis parallel to the second direction Y-Y ', converging towards the head 30, so as to create a compression zone towards this head.
  • the anchor comprises a cylindrical hole 91 with an axis parallel to the third direction Z-Z ', intended to receive a straight cylindrical bar of short length.
  • the diameter and length of the bar and the hanger are determined by calculation, depending on the dimensions of the panel and its mass.
  • the use of the hanger and / or the bar is optional, the anchor is sufficient in itself in a controlled use, that is to say for the handling of panels of masses and dimensions conforming to the prescriptions of use associated with each anchor model.
  • the use of the hanger and / or the bar makes it possible to increase the safety coefficient of the anchor.
  • We will now describe several embodiments of the anchor which differ essentially by the position and orientation of the second and third wings 60 and 65. In a first embodiment, corresponding to FIGS. 2 to 4, the second wings 60 and the third wings 65 all extend in the same plane substantially parallel to the second direction YY '.
  • This plane is located substantially halfway up the main part 23 of the rod 20, the height being considered in the first direction XX '.
  • the second wings 60 are thus arranged in a plane passing through the axis of the rod 20.
  • the second wing 60 has in its longitudinal direction a length substantially equal to twice the length of the oblique wing 50 in the oblique direction.
  • the third wing 65 has in its longitudinal direction a length less than the length of the oblique wing 50 in the oblique direction.
  • This oblique direction forms an angle of about 30 ° with the first direction XX 'and about 60 ° with the second direction YY'.
  • the ring 70 exerts a force on the anchor in the first direction X-X ', on the side of the boss 40, as shown by the arrow F in FIG. 2.
  • the upper faces 80 of the three wings 50/60/65 contribute to generating by reaction in the concrete, during the application of the lifting force, a compression zone eliminating the risks of punching.
  • This zone develops in a flared shape from the wings to the surface of the panel, and gives the anchor its ability to resist tearing.
  • This resistance is proportional to the volume of concrete included in the area.
  • This area is particularly wide here, first due to the orientation of the upper faces 80, which form an angle of more than 90 ° relative to the long sides 24, and then due to the cumulative length of the three wings, which extend practically along the entire main part 23 of the rod 20.
  • the underside 81 of the oblique wing 50 contributes to creating a compression zone.
  • the lower faces 81 of the three wings create a compression zone.
  • This area is particularly wide, for the same reasons as those mentioned in the case of lifting.
  • the hole 91 is disposed at the bottom of the main part 23, under the second wing 60, at the end of this wing secured to the oblique wing 50.
  • the second wings 60 and the third wings 65 all extend in the same plane substantially parallel to the second direction YY '. This plane is located substantially at the bottom of the long side 24 of the main part 23 of the rod 20, that is to say on the side opposite to the boss 40.
  • the second wing 60 has in its longitudinal direction a length substantially equal to the length of the oblique wing 50 in the oblique direction.
  • the third wing 65 has in its longitudinal direction a length less than the length of the oblique wing 50 in the oblique direction.
  • This oblique direction forms an angle of about 30 ° with the first direction XX 'and about 60 ° with the second direction YY'.
  • the compression zone formed during lifting is greater than in the first embodiment, because the second wing is offset downwards.
  • the downward offset is not limited to the position of the underside of the main part 23 of the rod 20.
  • part 23 can be extended locally to allow the wings 60 and 65 to be positioned far below the longitudinal axis of the anchor 20 in the second direction Y-Y '. This could be justified for lifting operations excluding overturning.
  • the hole 91 is disposed at mid-height of the main part 23, above the second wing 60, at the end of this wing secured to the oblique wing 50.
  • the second and third wings can also be arranged on the large faces 24 at a height intermediate between the positions of the first and second embodiments. The exact position is determined by calculation, as a function of the geometry of the panel 10.
  • the second wings 60 and the third wings 65 all extend in the same plane as the oblique wings 50.
  • the oblique direction in this case forms an angle of approximately 70 °. with the first direction XX 'and approximately 20 ° with the second direction YY'.
  • the second wing 60 has in the oblique direction a length equal to at least three times the length of the oblique wing 50 in the same oblique direction.
  • the third wing 65 has in the oblique direction a length substantially equal to the length of the oblique wing 50 in the same oblique direction.
  • the oblique wings 50 in this embodiment originate at the base of the shoulder 25, that is to say at the point where the shoulder 25 joins the main part 23 of the rod 20.
  • the three wings aligned cross each large side 24 of the main part 23 along a median diagonal, which divides it into two equal parts.
  • the third wing 65 extends practically to the bottom of the long side 24, under the eye 90.
  • the compression zone created by this lifting anchor is slightly inclined relative to the first direction XX ′. When lifting, the lower faces 81 of the three wings contribute to creating the compression zone, this zone therefore being more extensive than in the first two embodiments.
  • the compression zone is substantially the same as in lifting, because the wings form median diagonals of the long sides 24.
  • the hole 91 is arranged at the bottom of the main part 23, under the oblique wing 50.
  • the anchor 2 is symmetrical with respect to a median plane containing the first and second directions XX 'and YY'.
  • it is asymmetrical with respect to a median plane of the main part 23 of the rod 20 containing the second and third directions YY 'and
  • the wings are not symmetrical with respect to this plane.
  • the outer part 21 of the rod is not symmetrical with respect to this plane. It carries on one side the boss 40 which projects relative to the main part 23 of the rod in the first direction
  • the anchor described above has multiple advantages. It offers excellent lifting, lifting and turning performance, making it possible to handle particularly thin panels without the risk of cracking. Because of these excellent performances, it it is possible to use particularly short and compact monoblock anchors. They can be used with standard spherical lifting rings, without any modification of these. In the context of controlled use in accordance with the regulations, it does not require the installation of additional reinforcement bars. They are however equipped with an eye and a hole allowing the use of such irons in exceptional circumstances.
  • the anchor is particularly suitable for concrete, but can be used for panels made of other hardenable materials, such as cement, plaster, plastics, resin. It will also be noted that the anchor is made of a piece, made of metal, preferably steel, typically by a process such as forging. Due to the offset of the boss upwards in the first direction, the first wings 50 are particularly long. Finally, the position of the second and third wings on the large faces of the rod and the inclination of the oblique wings can be modified to vary the performance of the anchor in lifting, lifting upside down, depending on the specific use planned. . Furthermore, the external part of the anchor may have, on a side opposite to the boss 40, a second boss similar to the boss 40, replacing the hollow part.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

A lifting and erecting anchor for a panel made of a curable material. The anchor is optionally relatively thin in a first direction in comparison with its size in a plane perpendicular thereto. Said anchor (2) includes an elongate shank (20) embedded in the panel and extending in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction, a gripping head (30) rigidly connected to an outer portion (21) of the shank (20) that projects out of the panel, and a boss (40) that increases the thickness of the outer portion (21) of the shank (20) in said first direction. Said anchor (2) includes at least two angled anchoring flanges (50) extending away from the boss (40) and along the shank (20) on two opposite sides thereof and in a direction that is at an angle to the first and second directions, in the opposite direction from the head (30).

Description

« Ancre de levage et de relevage pour panneau en matériau durcissable, notamment en béton » "Lifting and lifting anchor for panel made of hardenable material, especially concrete"
L'invention concerne en général les ancres destinées à la manutention de panneaux en matériau durcissable, notamment en béton. Plus précisément, l'invention concerne une ancre de levage et de relevage pour panneau en matériau durcissable, notamment en béton, ce panneau pouvant présenter une faible épaisseur suivant une première direction relativement à ses dimensions dans un plan perpendiculaire à cette première direction, cette ancre comprenant une tige allongée suivant une seconde direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à la première noyée dans le panneau, une tête de préhension solidaire d'une extrémité extérieure de la tige faisant saillie hors du panneau, et un bossage augmentant l'épaisseur de l'extrémité extérieure de la tige suivant la première direction. Des dispositifs de ce type sont connus de l'art antérieur, et notamment du document de brevet EP-B-0 434 819, qui révèle des ancres comprenant un bossage ou un pied d'ancrage latéral conique d'axe sensiblement perpendiculaire à la tige. Une telle ancre peut être utilisée pour relever un panneau de béton préfabriqué à l'horizontale. L'opération de relevage consiste à faire passer ce panneau d'une position horizontale à une position verticale, par application sur la tête de l'ancre d'un effort orienté au départ suivant la première direction, puis progressivement en oblique par rapport aux première et seconde directions tandis que le panneau bascule, et enfin suivant la seconde direction quand le panneau est vertical . L'ancre peut également être utilisée pour lever le panneau une fois que celui-ci est en position verticale, par application sur la tête de l'ancre d'un effort suivant la seconde direction. Elle peut enfin être utilisée pour retourner le panneau, en prolongeant le mouvement de relevage au-delà de la position verticale, de façon à basculer ce panneau de nouveau à l'horizontale après l'avoir retourné à 180°. L'effort est appliqué sur l'ancre suivant la seconde direction en position verticale du panneau, puis progressivement en oblique par rapport aux première et seconde directions tandis que le panneau bascule, et enfin suivant la première direction, en sens inverse du mouvement de relevage, quand le panneau est horizontal. Le bossage de l'ancre permet d'augmenter la rigidité de l'ancre sous la tête, et d'éviter qu'elle se torde pendant le relevage. L'ancrage latéral permet d'augmenter la résistance de l'ancre à l'arrachement pendant le relevage, quand on applique un effort suivant la première direction sur la tête de l'ancre, en créant une zone de compression du béton d'axe selon la première direction ou légèrement incliné par rapport à la première direction, contribuant fortement à cette résistance. Ceci est particulièrement important pour les panneaux de faibles épaisseurs suivant cette première direction. L'ancre décrite dans EP-B-0 434 819 donne pleinement satisfaction, à la fois pour les opérations de levage, de relevage et de retournement. Dans ce contexte, la présente invention a pour but de proposer une ancre optimisée par rapport à celles de EP-B-0 434 819, offrant des performances encore supérieures tant en levage qu'en relevage et en retournement. Ces ancres optimisées offrent une meilleure résistance à l'arrachement en relevage, et permettent ainsi de relever des panneaux encore plus minces et/ou plus lourds sans fissuration du béton. Elles permettent également de prolonger le levage dans des conditions de sécurité accrue par rapport aux ancres de l'art antérieur, notamment en présence d'efforts en biais (angle aux élingues, vent transversal, etc...). A cette fin, le dispositif de l'invention, par ailleurs conforme à la définition générique qu'en donne le préambule ci-dessus, est essentiellement caractérisé en ce que qu'elle comprend au moins deux ailes obliques d'ancrage s'étendant le long de la tige à partir du bossage, de deux côtés opposés de cette tige, dans une direction oblique par rapport aux première et seconde directions, dans un sens opposé à la tête. L'ancre peut aussi présenter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes. Ces ailes obliques s'étendent dans un plan sensiblement parallèle à une troisième direction perpendiculaire aux première et seconde directions. Ces ailes obliques s'élargissent suivant la troisième direction à partir du bossage. Les ailes obliques se prolongent d'un côté opposé au bossage le long de la tige par deux secondes ailes d'ancrage mutuellement parallèles s'étendant suivant une direction longitudinale. Les secondes ailes d'ancrage s'étendent dans un plan sensiblement parallèle à la seconde direction. Les secondes ailes d'ancrage s'étendent dans le même plan que les ailes obliques. - La partie extérieure de l'ancre présente d'un côté opposé au bossage un second bossage similaire à celui-ci . Les ailes obliques et/ou les secondes ailes, considérées en coupe perpendiculairement respectivement à la direction oblique et à la direction longitudinale, présentent des sections d'épaisseurs décroissantes à partir de la tige. La tige est délimitée par deux grandes faces planes, parallèles et opposées, perpendiculaires à la troisième direction, les secondes ailes s'étendant le long de ces grandes faces . La partie extérieure de la tige présente d'un côté opposé au bossage une partie en creux par rapport au reste de la tige. D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront clairement de la description qui en est faite ci -dessous, à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux figures annexées, parmi lesquelles : les figures 1A à 1C sont des vues en coupe dans un plan contenant les première et seconde directions d'un panneau de béton à différentes étapes d'une opération de relevage, le panneau étant représenté sur la figure 1A en position horizontale de départ, sur la figure 1B en cours de relevage, et sur la figure 1C en position verticale d'arrivée, ces vues laissant apparaître l'ancre et l'anneau de levage coopérant avec celle-ci, la figure 2 est une vue de côté d'une ancre conforme a un premier mode de réalisation de l' invention, la figure 3 est une vue en coupe transversale de l'ancre de la figure 2, considérée suivant l'incidence des flèches III de la figure 2, - la figure 4 est une vue de face de l'ancre de la figure 2, considérée suivant la flèche IV de la figure 2, les figures 5 à 7 sont des vues similaires à celles des figures 2 à 4, pour un second mode de réalisation de l'invention, et les figures 8 à 10 sont des vues similaires à celles des figures 2 à 4, pour un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention. Comme le montre la figure 1, l'ancre est adaptée au levage, au relevage et au retournement de panneaux en un matériau durcissable, notamment mais pas exclusivement de panneaux préfabriqués en béton 10. Un tel panneau présente typiquement une forme générale de parallélépipède rectangle, de faible épaisseur suivant une première direction X-X' rela ivement à ses dimensions dans un plan perpendiculaire à cette première direction. Ce panneau 10 est délimité par deux grandes faces 11 opposées perpendiculaires à la première direction X- X' , et quatre petites faces 12 reliant les deux grandes faces 11, constituant la tranche du panneau 10. Deux petites faces 12 opposées sont perpendiculaires à une seconde direction Y-Y' , et deux autres petites faces 12 opposées sont perpendiculaires à une troisième direction Z-Z' perpendiculaire à la seconde. Les seconde et troisième directions Y-Y' et Z-Z' sont perpendiculaires à la première. Les deux grandes faces 11 sont généralement planes mais peuvent comporter diverses formes géométriques. Si les formes des panneaux à relever sont généralement parallélépipédiques, des pièces plus massives de formes variées peuvent justifier l'usage de ce type d'ancre. L'ancre 2 comprend une tige 20 allongée sensiblement suivant la seconde direction Y-Y' , présentant une partie principale 23 noyée dans le panneau 10, et une partie extérieure 21 solidaire d'une extrémité de la partie principale 23 et alignée avec celle-ci. La partie extérieure 21 fait saillie hors du panneau 10. L'ancre 2 comprend encore une tête 30 de préhension solidaire de l'extrémité de la partie extérieure 21 opposée à la partie principale 23, et un bossage 40 augmentant l'épaisseur de la partie extérieure 21 de la tige 20 suivant la première direction. La tige 20 présente perpendiculairement à la seconde direction Y-Y' une forte section, de plusieurs millimètres de largeur suivant les première et troisième directions. L'ancre 2 est de type à tête 30 sphérique, cette tête étant destinée à coopérer, à la fois pour le relevage, le levage et le retournement, avec un anneau 70 du type décrit dans les documents de brevet FR-A- 1 568 605, FR-A-2 382 398 et EP-B-0 679 143. Plus précisément, la tête 30 présente la forme d'un disque plein, d'axe s'étendant selon la seconde direction Y-Y' , de diamètre supérieur à la largeur de la tige au moins suivant la première ou la troisième direction. L'anneau 70 comprend une pièce sphérique 71 de raccordement avec la tête 30 de l'ancre, appelée noix, et un anneau 72 assurant la liaison entre la noix 71 et l'engin de levage, appelé manille. La noix comporte une rainure arquée 711 centrée sur le centre de la noix 71 et s'étendant sensiblement sur un quart de cercle, ouverte d'un côté radialement extérieur, dans laquelle vient s'engager la tête 30 de l'ancre. La rainure 711 présente une section en T, et comprend une zone radialement intérieure de largeur relativement plus grande destinée à recevoir la tête 30 de 1 ' ancre 2 , et une zone radialement extérieure de largeur relativement plus faible destinée à recevoir la partie extérieure 21 de la tige 20. La largeur de la zone intérieure de la rainure 711 correspond au diamètre de la tête 30, et la largeur de la zone extérieure correspond à la largeur de la partie extérieure 21, considérée suivant la troisième directionThe invention generally relates to anchors intended for handling panels of hardenable material, in particular concrete. More specifically, the invention relates to a lifting and lifting anchor for a panel made of curable material, in particular concrete, this panel possibly having a small thickness in a first direction relative to its dimensions in a plane perpendicular to this first direction, this anchor comprising an elongated rod in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first embedded in the panel, a gripping head secured to an outer end of the rod projecting from the panel, and a boss increasing the thickness of the outer end of the rod in the first direction. Devices of this type are known from the prior art, and in particular from patent document EP-B-0 434 819, which reveals anchors comprising a boss or a conical lateral anchoring foot with an axis substantially perpendicular to the rod . Such an anchor can be used to raise a precast concrete panel horizontally. The lifting operation consists in passing this panel from a horizontal position to a vertical position, by applying to the head of the anchor a force oriented at the start in the first direction, then gradually oblique to the first and second directions while the panel is tilting, and finally following the second direction when the panel is vertical. The anchor can also be used to lift the panel once it is in the vertical position, by applying an effort in the second direction to the head of the anchor. Finally, it can be used to turn the panel over, extending the lifting movement beyond the vertical position, so as to tilt the panel back to the horizontal after having turned it over 180 °. The force is applied to the anchor in the second direction in the vertical position of the panel, then gradually oblique to the first and second directions while the panel is rocking, and finally in the first direction, in the opposite direction to the lifting movement. , when the panel is horizontal. The anchor boss makes it possible to increase the rigidity of the anchor under the head, and to prevent it from twisting during lifting. The lateral anchoring makes it possible to increase the resistance of the anchor to pulling out during the lifting, when a force is applied in the first direction to the head of the anchor, by creating a compression zone for the concrete of axis in the first direction or slightly inclined with respect to the first direction, contributing strongly to this resistance. This is particularly important for thin panels in this first direction. The anchor described in EP-B-0 434 819 gives full satisfaction, both for lifting, lifting and turning operations. In this context, the present invention aims to provide an anchor optimized compared to those of EP-B-0 434 819, offering even higher performance both in lifting as in lifting and turning. These optimized anchors offer better resistance to lifting in lifting, and thus make it possible to raise even thinner and / or heavier panels without cracking the concrete. They also make it possible to extend the lifting under conditions of increased safety compared to the anchors of the art anterior, especially in the presence of biased forces (angle with slings, cross wind, etc.). To this end, the device of the invention, moreover in accordance with the generic definition given in the preamble above, is essentially characterized in that it comprises at least two oblique anchoring wings extending along the rod from the boss, on two opposite sides of this rod, in an oblique direction relative to the first and second directions, in a direction opposite to the head. The anchor may also have one or more of the following characteristics. These oblique wings extend in a plane substantially parallel to a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions. These oblique wings widen in the third direction from the boss. The oblique wings extend on a side opposite the boss along the rod by two second mutually parallel anchoring wings extending in a longitudinal direction. The second anchoring wings extend in a plane substantially parallel to the second direction. The second anchor wings extend in the same plane as the oblique wings. - The external part of the anchor has on a side opposite the boss a second boss similar to this one. The oblique wings and / or the second wings, considered in section perpendicular to the oblique direction and to the longitudinal direction respectively, have sections of decreasing thickness from the stem. The rod is delimited by two large flat faces, parallel and opposite, perpendicular to the third direction, the second wings extending along these large faces. The external part of the rod has on a side opposite the boss a hollow part with respect to the rest of the rod. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge clearly from the description given below, by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended figures, among which: FIGS. 1A to 1C are section views in a plane containing the first and second directions of a concrete panel at different stages of a lifting operation, the panel being represented in FIG. 1A in the horizontal starting position, in FIG. 1B during lifting, and in the Figure 1C in vertical position of arrival, these views revealing the anchor and the lifting ring cooperating therewith, Figure 2 is a side view of an anchor according to a first embodiment of the invention, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the anchor of FIG. 2, viewed according to the incidence of arrows III of FIG. 2, - FIG. 4 is a front view of the anchor of FIG. 2 , considered according to arrow IV of Figure 2, Figures 5 to 7 are views similar to those of Figures 2 to 4, for a second embodiment of the invention, and Figures 8 to 10 are views similar to those of Figures 2 to 4, for a third embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the anchor is suitable for lifting, lifting and turning panels made of a hardenable material, in particular but not exclusively of precast concrete panels 10. Such a panel typically has the general shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, of small thickness in a first direction XX ′ relative to its dimensions in a plane perpendicular to this first direction. This panel 10 is delimited by two large opposite faces 11 perpendicular to the first direction XX ', and four small faces 12 connecting the two large faces 11, constituting the edge of the panel 10. Two opposite small faces 12 are perpendicular to a second direction YY ', and two other small opposite faces 12 are perpendicular to a third direction ZZ' perpendicular to the second. The second and third directions YY 'and ZZ' are perpendicular to the first. The two large faces 11 are generally flat but may have various geometric shapes. If the shapes of the panels to be raised are generally parallelepipedic, more massive pieces of various shapes may justify the use of this type of anchor. The anchor 2 comprises a rod 20 elongated substantially in the second direction YY ', having a main part 23 embedded in the panel 10, and an external part 21 secured to one end of the main part 23 and aligned with the latter. The outer part 21 protrudes from the panel 10. The anchor 2 also comprises a gripping head 30 secured to the end of the outer part 21 opposite the main part 23, and a boss 40 increasing the thickness of the part outer 21 of the rod 20 in the first direction. The rod 20 has a large section perpendicular to the second direction YY ', several millimeters in width along the first and third directions. The anchor 2 is of the spherical head type, this head being intended to cooperate, both for the lifting, lifting and turning, with a ring 70 of the type described in patent documents FR-A- 1 568 605, FR-A-2 382 398 and EP-B-0 679 143. More precisely, the head 30 has the form of a solid disc, with an axis extending in the second direction YY ′, of diameter greater than the width of the rod at least in the first or third direction. The ring 70 comprises a spherical part 71 for connection with the head 30 of the anchor, called the nut, and a ring 72 ensuring the connection between the nut 71 and the lifting device, called the shackle. The nut has an arcuate groove 711 centered on the center of the nut 71 and extending substantially over a quarter of a circle, open on a radially outer side, in which the head 30 of the anchor engages. The groove 711 has a T-section, and comprises a radially inner zone of relatively larger width intended to receive the head 30 of the anchor 2, and a radially outer zone of relatively smaller width intended to receive the outer part 21 of the rod 20. The width of the internal zone of the groove 711 corresponds to the diameter of the head 30, and the width of the external zone corresponds to the width of the external part 21, considered in the third direction
Z-Z' . En outre, la rainure 711 comprend à une extrémité un orifice d'introduction de la tête 30 de l'ancre dans la rainure 711, et présente d'un côté opposé à l'orifice d'introduction une extrémité borgne, la tête 30 occupant pendant les opérations de relevage et de levage du panneau une position de manutention dans laquelle elle vient en butée contre cette extrémité borgne. Comme on le voit sur la figure 1, la partie extérieure 21 de la tige 20 et la tête 30 de l'ancre 2 sont disposées dans une réservation hémisphérique 13 ménagée dans une petite face 12 du panneau 10 perpendiculaire à la seconde direction Y-Y' , cette réservation 13 présentant un diamètre légèrement supérieur à celui de la noix 71. L'opération de relevage du panneau 10 est effectuée d'abord en engageant la noix 71 dans la réservation 13, de telle sorte que la tête 30 de l'ancre 2 pénètre dans l'orifice de la rainure 711. La noix 71 est orientée pour que la rainure 711 s'étende dans un plan contenant les première et seconde directions, son extrémité borgne étant tournée vers le haut, du côté vers lequel s'exercera l'effort de relevage . On fait ensuite pivoter la noix 71 pour amener la tête 30 en butée à l'extrémité borgne de la rainure 71. La manille 72 s'étend alors suivant la première direction X-X' , ou est légèrement inclinée par rapport à la première direction. On se trouve dans la situation de la figure 1A. Au début de l'opération de relevage, l'effort exercé par les moyens sur l'ancre de levage est orienté sensiblement suivant la première direction X-X' , et est matérialisé par la flèche F de la figure 1A. Pendant que le panneau 10 bascule de l'horizontale à la verticale, l'orientation de l'effort passe progressivement de la première direction X-X' à la seconde direction Y-Y' , tandis que la manille 72 pivote par rapport à la noix 71, comme le montre la figure 1B . Quand le panneau 10 est en position verticale, l'effort exercé par les moyens de levage est orienté selon la seconde direction Y-Y' , comme le montre la figure 1C, la manille 72 s'étendant elle aussi suivant cette direction. La tête 30 se trouve toujours à l'extrémité borgne de la rainure 71. Pendant le levage du panneau 10, les moyens de levage exercent un effort suivant la seconde direction Y- Y' sur l' ancre 2. Le bossage 40 fait saillie dans la première direction X-X' par rapport à la tige 20, d'un côté supérieur de celle-ci, et présente sensiblement la même largeur que la tige suivant la troisième direction Z-Z' . II s'étend selon la seconde direction Y-Y' le long de la tête 30 et le long de la partie extérieure 21 de la tige, et forme un épaule ent 25 d'un côté opposé à la tête 30. Le bossage 40 augmente la rigidité de la tige 20 selon la première direction X-X', et permet d'éviter que cette tige ne se déforme pendant l'opération de relevage. Une telle déformation aurait pour effet que la noix 71 vienne porter contre la surface de la réservation 13, endommageant le béton au point de contact . On notera que le bossage 40 s'étend pratiquement le long de toute la tête 30 de l'ancre, et fait saillie dans la première direction X-X' par rapport à la périphérie de cette tête 30. Il en découle que, quand la tête 30 se trouve en butée à l'extrémité borgne de la rainure 71, le bossage 40 est interposé entre cette extrémité et la tête 30. La présence du bossage 40 est particulièrement avantageuse quand l'ancre 2 coopère avec une noix 71 portant une patte de manœuvre 712 sensiblement radiale. Quand le panneau 10 est à l'horizontale, la tête 30 occupant sa position de manutention, la patte 712 s'étend vers le haut suivant la première direction X-X' , à proximité immédiate de la petite face 12 du panneau 10. La présence du bossage 40 le long de la tête 30 fait que la course de pivotement de la noix 71 permettant de faire passer la tête de l'orifice à l'extrémité borgne de la rainure est plus courte, de telle sorte que la patte 712 est plus éloignée de la petite face 12 du panneau 10. Le risque que la patte vienne frotter contre la petite face 12 et endommager le béton est supprimé . Selon l'invention, l'ancre 2 comprend au moins deux ailes obliques d'ancrage 50 s'étendant le long de la tige 20 à partir du bossage 40, de deux côtés opposés de cette tige 20, dans une direction oblique par rapport aux première et seconde directions X-X' et Y-Y' , dans un sens général opposé à la tête 30. Les deux ailes obliques 50 sont minces, et s'étendent dans un même plan sensiblement parallèle à la troisième direction Z-Z' . Ces ailes obliques 50 prennent naissance immédiatement derrière 1 ' évidement de la réservation 13, au niveau de l' épaulement 25 et vont en s' élargissant régulièrement suivant la troisième direction Z-Z' à partir du bossage 40. Chacune présente une largeur relativement faible selon la troisième direction Z-Z' au niveau de l' épaulement 25, cette largeur allant en s' accroissant régulièrement quand on suit l'aile suivant la direction oblique en s'éloignant de l' épaulement 25. Chaque aile oblique 50 se prolonge d'un côté opposé au bossage 40 le long de la tige 20 par une seconde aile d'ancrage 60, ces secondes ailes 60 étant mutuellement parallèles et s'étendant suivant une direction longitudinale à partir des ailes obliques 50. Ces secondes ailes 60 sont par exemple de largeurs constantes suivant la troisième direction Z-Z' , mais peuvent également présenter une largeur variable. Enfin, chaque seconde aile 60 se prolonge d'un côté opposé aux ailes obliques 50 le long de la tige 20 par une troisième aile d'ancrage 65 s'étendant suivant la même direction longitudinale que les secondes ailes 60. Ces troisièmes ailes 65 vont en se rétrécissant régulièrement suivant la troisième direction Z-Z' à partir des secondes ailes 60. Chacune présente une largeur relativement plus grande selon la troisième direction Z-Z' à son extrémité la plus proche de la seconde aile 60, cette largeur allant en diminuant régulièrement quand on suit la troisième aile suivant la direction longitudinale en s'éloignant de la seconde aile 60. A l'extrémité de la troisième aile 65 opposée à la seconde aile 60, cette largeur est nulle, la troisième aile 65 formant ainsi une pointe du côté opposé à la tête 30. Les secondes et troisièmes ailes 60 et 65 s'étendent pratiquement sur toute la longueur de la partie principale 23 selon la seconde direction Y-Y' , sensiblement jusqu'à une extrémité intérieure 22 de la tige 20 opposée à la partie extérieure 21. La largeur de chacune des secondes ailes 60 suivant la troisième direction Z-Z' est sensiblement égale à celle de la partie principale 23 de la tige 20. Les largeurs maximales respectives des ailes obliques 50 et des troisièmes ailes 65 sont elles aussi sensiblement égales à la largeur de la partie principale 23 de la tige 20. Comme on le voit sur les figures 2 à 4, les ailes obliques 50, considérées en coupe perpendiculairement à la direction oblique, présentent des sections trapézoïdales, touchant à la tige 20 par leurs grandes bases. De même, les secondes ailes 60 et les troisièmes ailes 65, considérées en coupe perpendiculairement à la direction longitudinale, présentent des sections trapézoïdales, touchant à la tige 20 par leurs grandes bases . Les ailes obliques 50, les secondes ailes 60 et les troisièmes ailes 65 présentent donc une épaisseur décroissante à partir de la tige 20 vers un bord libre extérieur opposé à la tige 20. En variante, les ailes peuvent présenter des sections triangulaires, d'épaisseur décroissante à partir de la tige 20. On appelle ici épaisseur de la seconde ou troisième ailes la dimension de celle-ci considérée suivant une direction perpendiculaire à la fois à la direction longitudinale et à la troisième direction Z-Z' . On appelle épaisseur de l'aile oblique la dimension de celle-ci considérée suivant une direction perpendiculaire à la fois à la direction oblique et à la troisième direction Z-Z' . Le bord libre de l'aile oblique 50 s'écarte de la tige 20 à partir de l' épaulement 25, et s'étend en oblique jusqu'à une extrémité du bord libre de la seconde aile 60 . De même, le bord libre de l'aile oblique 50 s'écarte de la tige 20, et s'étend en oblique jusqu'à une autre extrémité du bord libre de la seconde aile 60. La figure 3 montre que la partie principale 23 de la tige 20, considérée en coupe perpendiculairement à la seconde direction Y-Y' , présente une section rectangulaire allongée suivant la première direction X-X' . Le rapport de dimensions entre les grands et petits côtés de cette section rectangulaire est de l'ordre de deux. La partie principale 23 de la tige 20 est ainsi délimitée par deux grands côtés 24 plans, mutuellement parallèles et opposées, perpendiculaires à la troisième direction Z-Z' . Les ailes obliques 50, les secondes ailes 60 et les troisièmes ailes 65 s'étendent le long de ces grands côtés 24. L'épaisseur des ailes au niveau de la tige 20 est d'environ un tiers de la hauteur des grandes faces 24 considérée suivant la première direction X-X' . L'épaisseur des ailes au niveau de leurs bords libres respectifs est faible relativement à la hauteur des grandes faces 24. On notera que, du fait de leurs sections trapézoïdales, les ailes obliques 50, les secondes ailes 60 et les troisièmes ailes 65 sont délimitées chacune par des faces supérieure 80 et inférieure 81 convergentes, constituant les deux côtés opposés non parallèles de la section en trapèze. Ces faces supérieure et inférieure 80/81 forment chacune un angle légèrement supérieur à 90° par rapport au grand côté 24 portant l'aile correspondante. L'angle formé par la face supérieure 80 est légèrement plus grand que l'angle formé par la face inférieure 81. On voit sur la figure 4 que la partie extérieure 21 de la tige 20 et le bossage 40, considérés en coupe perpendiculairement à la seconde direction Y-Y' , présentent une section oblongue allongée suivant la première direction X-X' . Une partie supérieure de cette section, correspondant au bossage 40, présente une forme en demi-disque. Une partie inférieure de cette section, opposée à la partie supérieure, présente la même forme en demi-disque. Par ailleurs, la partie d'extrémité 21 est aussi délimitée par deux grands côtés plans, mutuellement parallèles et opposées, perpendiculaires à la troisième direction Z-Z', s' inscrivant dans le prolongement des grands côtés 24 de la partie principale 23 de la tige 20. On notera que la partie principale 23 fait saillie du côté inférieur par rapport à la partie d'extrémité 21, un épaulement arrondi faisant la transition entre les deux parties. L'ancre 2 comprend encore un œil 90 ménagé à l'extrémité intérieure 22 de la partie principale 23, cet œil 90 présentant une forme cylindrique d'axe parallèle à la troisième direction Z-Z' et étant destiné à recevoir un acier préformé en forme d'épingle appelé suspente, non représenté . La base de l'œil 90, c'est-à-dire la partie de l'œil 90 la plus éloignée de la partie d'extrémité 21 en suivant la seconde direction Y-Y', présente de préférence deux extrémités opposées évasées, de telle sorte que la suspente en épingle soit, dès sa mise en place dans l'œil, en contact avec la surface intérieure de cet œil. Dans les panneaux 10 les plus épais, l'extrémité intérieure 22 munie d'un œil 90 peut être remplacée par un pied conique d'axe parallèle à la seconde direction Y- Y' , convergeant vers la tête 30, de façon à créer une zone de compression vers cette tête. Enfin, l'ancre comprend un trou cylindrique 91 d'axe parallèle à la troisième direction Z-Z', destiné à recevoir une barre cylindrique droite de courte longueur. Le diamètre et la longueur de la barre et de la suspente sont déterminés par calcul, en fonction des dimensions du panneau et de sa masse. L'utilisation de la suspente et/ou de la barre est facultative, l'ancre se suffisant à elle-même dans une utilisation contrôlée, c'est-à-dire pour la manutention de panneaux de masses et de dimensions conformes aux prescriptions d'utilisation associées à chaque modèle d'ancre. Pour des utilisations particulières, par exemple en dehors des prescriptions, l'utilisation de la suspente et/ou de la barre permet d'augmenter le coefficient de sécurité de l'ancre. On va maintenant décrire plusieurs modes de réalisation de l'ancre qui se di férencient essentiellement par la position et l'orientation des seconde et troisième ailes 60 et 65. Dans un premier mode de réalisation, correspondant aux figures 2 à 4, les secondes ailes 60 et les troisièmes ailes 65 s'étendent toutes dans un même plan sensiblement parallèle à la seconde direction Y-Y' . Ce plan est situé sensiblement à mi-hauteur de la partie principale 23 de la tige 20, la hauteur étant considérée suivant la première direction X-X' . Les secondes ailes 60 sont ainsi disposées dans un plan passant par 1 ' axe de la tige 20. La seconde aile 60 présente suivant sa direction longitudinale une longueur sensiblement égale à deux fois la longueur de l'aile oblique 50 suivant la direction oblique . La troisième aile 65 présente suivant sa direction longitudinale une longueur inférieure à la longueur de l'aile oblique 50 suivant la direction oblique. Cette direction oblique forme un angle de 30° environ avec la première direction X-X' et de 60° environ avec la seconde direction Y-Y' . Pendant le relevage, l'anneau 70 exerce sur l'ancre un effort selon la première direction X-X', du côté du bossage 40, comme le montre la flèche F de la figure 2.ZZ '. In addition, the groove 711 comprises at one end a hole for introducing the head 30 of the anchor into the groove 711, and has a blind end opposite the introduction hole, the head 30 occupying during the panel lifting and lifting operations, a handling position in which it abuts against this blind end. As seen in Figure 1, the outer part 21 of the rod 20 and the head 30 of the anchor 2 are arranged in a hemispherical reservation 13 formed in a small face 12 of the panel 10 perpendicular to the second direction YY ′, this reservation 13 having a diameter slightly greater than that of the nut 71. The operation of lifting the panel 10 is carried out first by engaging the nut 71 in the reservation 13, so that the head 30 of the anchor 2 enters the orifice of the groove 711. The nut 71 is oriented so that the groove 711 extends in a plane containing the first and second directions, its blind end being turned upwards, on the side towards which the lifting effort will be exerted. The nut 71 is then pivoted to bring the head 30 into abutment at the blind end of the groove 71. The shackle 72 then extends in the first direction XX ', or is slightly inclined relative to the first direction. We are in the situation of Figure 1A. At the start of the lifting operation, the force exerted by the means on the lifting anchor is oriented substantially in the first direction XX ', and is materialized by the arrow F in FIG. 1A. While the panel 10 rocks from horizontal to vertical, the orientation of the force progressively changes from the first direction XX 'to the second direction YY', while the shackle 72 pivots relative to the nut 71, as shown in Figure 1B. When the panel 10 is in the vertical position, the force exerted by the lifting means is oriented in the second direction YY ', as shown in Figure 1C, the shackle 72 also extending in this direction. The head 30 is always at the blind end of the groove 71. During the lifting of the panel 10, the lifting means exert a force in the second direction Y-Y 'on the anchor 2. The boss 40 projects in the first direction XX 'relative to the rod 20, on an upper side thereof, and has substantially the same width as the rod in the third direction ZZ'. It extends in the second direction YY 'along the head 30 and along the outer part 21 of the rod, and forms a shoulder ent 25 on a side opposite to the head 30. The boss 40 increases the rigidity of the rod 20 in the first direction XX ′, and makes it possible to prevent this rod from deforming during the lifting operation. Such a deformation would have the effect that the nut 71 comes to bear against the surface of the reservation 13, damaging the concrete at the point of contact. It will be noted that the boss 40 extends practically along the entire head 30 of the anchor, and projects in the first direction XX ′ with respect to the periphery of this head 30. It follows that, when the head 30 is in abutment at the blind end of the groove 71, the boss 40 is interposed between this end and the head 30. The presence of the boss 40 is particularly advantageous when the anchor 2 cooperates with a nut 71 carrying a maneuvering tab 712 substantially radial. When the panel 10 is horizontal, the head 30 occupying its handling position, the tab 712 extends upwards in the first direction XX ′, in the immediate vicinity of the small face 12 of the panel 10. The presence of the boss 40 along the head 30 makes the pivot stroke of the nut 71 allowing the head of the orifice to pass through the blind end of the groove is shorter, so that the tab 712 is more distant of the small face 12 of the panel 10. The risk that the tab will rub against the small face 12 and damage the concrete is eliminated. According to the invention, the anchor 2 comprises at least two oblique anchoring wings 50 extending along the rod 20 from the boss 40, on two opposite sides of this rod 20, in an oblique direction relative to the first and second directions XX 'and YY', in a general direction opposite to the head 30. The two oblique wings 50 are thin, and extend in the same plane substantially parallel to the third direction ZZ '. These oblique wings 50 arise immediately behind the recess in the reservation 13, at the level of the shoulder 25 and go on expanding regularly in the third direction ZZ 'from the boss 40. Each has a relatively small width depending on the third direction ZZ 'at the shoulder 25, this width increasing steadily when the wing is followed in the oblique direction away from the shoulder 25. Each oblique wing 50 extends on one side opposite the boss 40 along the rod 20 by a second anchoring wing 60, these second wings 60 being mutually parallel and extending in a longitudinal direction from the oblique wings 50. These second wings 60 are for example of widths constants in the third direction ZZ ', but may also have a variable width. Finally, each second wing 60 is extended on a side opposite to the oblique wings 50 along the rod 20 by a third anchoring wing 65 extending in the same longitudinal direction as the second wings 60. These third wings 65 go by regularly narrowing in the third direction ZZ 'from the second wings 60. Each has a relatively greater width in the third direction ZZ' at its end closest to the second wing 60, this width decreasing steadily when we follows the third wing in the longitudinal direction away from the second wing 60. At the end of the third wing 65 opposite the second wing 60, this width is zero, the third wing 65 thus forming a point on the side opposite to the head 30. The second and third wings 60 and 65 extend practically over the entire length of the main part 23 in the second direction YY ', substantially to an inner end 22 of the rod 20 opposite the outer part 21. The width of each of the second wings 60 in the third direction ZZ 'is substantially equal to that of the main part 23 of the rod 20. The respective maximum widths of the oblique wings 50 and of the third wings 65 are also substantially equal to the width of the main part 23 of the rod 20. As can be seen in FIGS. 2 to 4, the oblique wings 50, considered in section perpendicular to the oblique direction, have trapezoidal sections , touching the rod 20 by their large bases. Similarly, the second wings 60 and the third wings 65, considered in section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, have trapezoidal sections, touching the rod 20 by their large bases. The oblique wings 50, the second wings 60 and the third wings 65 therefore have a decreasing thickness from the rod 20 towards an external free edge opposite to the rod 20. As a variant, the wings may have triangular sections, of thickness decreasing from the rod 20. Here, the thickness of the second or third wings is called the dimension of the latter considered in a direction perpendicular both to the longitudinal direction and to the third direction ZZ '. The thickness of the oblique wing is called the dimension of the wing considered in a perpendicular direction. both in the oblique direction and in the third direction ZZ '. The free edge of the oblique wing 50 departs from the rod 20 from the shoulder 25, and extends obliquely to one end of the free edge of the second wing 60. Likewise, the free edge of the oblique wing 50 departs from the rod 20, and extends obliquely to another end of the free edge of the second wing 60. FIG. 3 shows that the main part 23 of the rod 20, considered in section perpendicular to the second direction YY ', has an elongated rectangular section in the first direction XX'. The dimension ratio between the large and small sides of this rectangular section is of the order of two. The main part 23 of the rod 20 is thus delimited by two long sides 24 planes, mutually parallel and opposite, perpendicular to the third direction ZZ '. The oblique wings 50, the second wings 60 and the third wings 65 extend along these long sides 24. The thickness of the wings at the level of the rod 20 is approximately one third of the height of the large faces 24 considered. following the first direction XX '. The thickness of the wings at their respective free edges is small relative to the height of the large faces 24. It will be noted that, due to their trapezoidal sections, the oblique wings 50, the second wings 60 and the third wings 65 are delimited each by converging upper 80 and lower 81 faces, constituting the two opposite non-parallel sides of the trapezoid section. These upper and lower faces 80/81 each form an angle slightly greater than 90 ° relative to the long side 24 carrying the corresponding wing. The angle formed by the upper face 80 is slightly larger than the angle formed by the lower face 81. It can be seen in FIG. 4 that the external part 21 of the rod 20 and the boss 40, considered in section perpendicular to the second direction YY ', have an elongated oblong section in the first direction XX'. An upper part of this section, corresponding to the boss 40, has a semi-disc shape. A lower part of this section, opposite the upper part, has the same half-disc shape. Furthermore, the end part 21 is also delimited by two large flat sides, mutually parallel and opposite, perpendicular to the third direction Z-Z ', being in line with the long sides 24 of the main part 23 of the rod 20. It will be noted that the main part 23 projects from the lower side with respect to the end part 21, a rounded shoulder making the transition between the two parts. The anchor 2 also comprises an eye 90 formed at the inner end 22 of the main part 23, this eye 90 having a cylindrical shape with an axis parallel to the third direction ZZ 'and being intended to receive a preformed steel in the form of d pin called hanger, not shown. The base of the eye 90, that is to say the part of the eye 90 furthest from the end part 21 in the second direction Y-Y ′, preferably has two opposite flared ends, so that the hairline hanger is, as soon as it is placed in the eye, in contact with the inner surface of this eye. In the thickest panels 10, the inner end 22 provided with an eye 90 can be replaced by a conical foot with an axis parallel to the second direction Y-Y ', converging towards the head 30, so as to create a compression zone towards this head. Finally, the anchor comprises a cylindrical hole 91 with an axis parallel to the third direction Z-Z ', intended to receive a straight cylindrical bar of short length. The diameter and length of the bar and the hanger are determined by calculation, depending on the dimensions of the panel and its mass. The use of the hanger and / or the bar is optional, the anchor is sufficient in itself in a controlled use, that is to say for the handling of panels of masses and dimensions conforming to the prescriptions of use associated with each anchor model. For particular uses, for example outside the prescriptions, the use of the hanger and / or the bar makes it possible to increase the safety coefficient of the anchor. We will now describe several embodiments of the anchor which differ essentially by the position and orientation of the second and third wings 60 and 65. In a first embodiment, corresponding to FIGS. 2 to 4, the second wings 60 and the third wings 65 all extend in the same plane substantially parallel to the second direction YY '. This plane is located substantially halfway up the main part 23 of the rod 20, the height being considered in the first direction XX '. The second wings 60 are thus arranged in a plane passing through the axis of the rod 20. The second wing 60 has in its longitudinal direction a length substantially equal to twice the length of the oblique wing 50 in the oblique direction. The third wing 65 has in its longitudinal direction a length less than the length of the oblique wing 50 in the oblique direction. This oblique direction forms an angle of about 30 ° with the first direction XX 'and about 60 ° with the second direction YY'. During the lifting, the ring 70 exerts a force on the anchor in the first direction X-X ', on the side of the boss 40, as shown by the arrow F in FIG. 2.
Les faces supérieures 80 des trois ailes 50/60/65 contribuent à générer par réaction dans le béton, lors de l'application de l'effort de relevage, une zone de compression supprimant les risques de poinçonnement.The upper faces 80 of the three wings 50/60/65 contribute to generating by reaction in the concrete, during the application of the lifting force, a compression zone eliminating the risks of punching.
Cette zone se développe suivant une forme évasée à partir des ailes jusqu'à la surface du panneau, et donne à l'ancre sa capacité de résistance à l'arrachement. Cette résistance est proportionnelle au volume de béton englobé dans la zone. Cette zone est ici particulièrement large, d'abord du fait de l'orientation des faces supérieures 80, qui forment un angle de plus de 90° par rapport aux grands côtés 24, et ensuite du fait de la longueur cumulée des trois ailes, qui s'étendent pratiquement le long de toute la partie principale 23 de la tige 20. Pendant le levage, la face inférieure 81 de l'aile oblique 50 contribue à créer une zone de compression. Enfin, pendant le retournement éventuel du panneau 10, les faces inférieures 81 des trois ailes créent une zone de compression. Cette zone est particulièrement large, pour les mêmes raisons que celles évoquées dans le cas du levage. Dans ce mode de réalisation, le trou 91 est disposé en bas de la partie principale 23, sous la seconde aile 60, à l'extrémité de cette aile solidaire de l'aile oblique 50. Dans un second mode de réalisation, correspondant aux figures 5 à 7, les secondes ailes 60 et les troisièmes ailes 65 s'étendent toutes dans un même plan sensiblement parallèle à la seconde direction Y-Y' . Ce plan est situé sensiblement en bas du grand côté 24 de la partie principale 23 de la tige 20, c'est-à-dire du côté opposé au bossage 40. La seconde aile 60 présente suivant sa direction longitudinale une longueur sensiblement égale à la longueur de l'aile oblique 50 suivant la direction oblique . La troisième aile 65 présente suivant sa direction longitudinale une longueur inférieure à la longueur de l'aile oblique 50 suivant la direction oblique. Cette direction oblique forme un angle de 30° environ avec la première direction X-X' et de 60° environ avec la seconde direction Y-Y' . La zone de compression formée pendant le relevage est plus grande que dans le premier mode de réalisation, du fait que la seconde aile est décalée vers le bas. Le décalage vers le bas n'est pas limité à la position de la face inférieure de la partie principale 23 de la tige 20.This zone develops in a flared shape from the wings to the surface of the panel, and gives the anchor its ability to resist tearing. This resistance is proportional to the volume of concrete included in the area. This area is particularly wide here, first due to the orientation of the upper faces 80, which form an angle of more than 90 ° relative to the long sides 24, and then due to the cumulative length of the three wings, which extend practically along the entire main part 23 of the rod 20. During the lifting, the underside 81 of the oblique wing 50 contributes to creating a compression zone. Finally, during the possible reversal of the panel 10, the lower faces 81 of the three wings create a compression zone. This area is particularly wide, for the same reasons as those mentioned in the case of lifting. In this embodiment, the hole 91 is disposed at the bottom of the main part 23, under the second wing 60, at the end of this wing secured to the oblique wing 50. In a second embodiment, corresponding to the figures 5 to 7, the second wings 60 and the third wings 65 all extend in the same plane substantially parallel to the second direction YY '. This plane is located substantially at the bottom of the long side 24 of the main part 23 of the rod 20, that is to say on the side opposite to the boss 40. The second wing 60 has in its longitudinal direction a length substantially equal to the length of the oblique wing 50 in the oblique direction. The third wing 65 has in its longitudinal direction a length less than the length of the oblique wing 50 in the oblique direction. This oblique direction forms an angle of about 30 ° with the first direction XX 'and about 60 ° with the second direction YY'. The compression zone formed during lifting is greater than in the first embodiment, because the second wing is offset downwards. The downward offset is not limited to the position of the underside of the main part 23 of the rod 20.
En situation extrême, on peut prolonger localement la partie 23 pour permettre de positionner les ailes 60 et 65 très en dessous de l'axe longitudinal de l'ancre 20 suivant la deuxième direction Y-Y'. Ceci pourrait se justifier pour des opérations de relevage excluant le retournement . Dans ce mode de réalisation, le trou 91 est disposé à mi-hauteur de la partie principale 23, au-dessus de la seconde aile 60, à l'extrémité de cette aile solidaire de l'aile oblique 50. Il est à noter que les secondes et troisièmes ailes peuvent également être disposées sur les grandes faces 24 à une hauteur intermédiaire entre les positions des premier et second modes de réalisation. La position exacte est déterminée par calcul, en fonction de la géométrie du panneau 10. En règle générale, plus le panneau 10 est mince selon la première direction X-X' , plus les ailes sont décalées vers le bas de la grande face 24 selon la première direction X-X' , pour créer une zone de compression plus grande en relevage. Dans un troisième mode de réalisation, correspondant aux figures 8 à 10, les secondes ailes 60 et les troisièmes ailes 65 s'étendent toutes dans le même plan que les ailes obliques 50. La direction oblique dans ce cas forme un angle de 70° environ avec la première direction X-X' et de 20° environ avec la seconde direction Y-Y' . La seconde aile 60 présente suivant la direction oblique une longueur égale à au moins trois fois la longueur de l'aile oblique 50 suivant la même direction oblique . La troisième aile 65 présente suivant la direction oblique une longueur sensiblement égale à la longueur de l'aile oblique 50 suivant la même direction oblique. On notera que les ailes obliques 50 dans ce mode de réalisation prennent naissance à la base de l' épaulement 25, c'est-à-dire au point où l' épaulement 25 rejoint la partie principale 23 de la tige 20. Les trois ailes alignées traversent chaque grand côté 24 de la partie principale 23 suivant une diagonale médiane, qui le divise en deux parties égales. La troisième aile 65 s'étend pratiquement jusqu'en bas du grand côté 24, sous l'œil 90. La zone de compression créée par cette ancre en relevage est légèrement inclinée par rapport à la première direction X-X' . En levage, les faces inférieures 81 des trois ailes contribuent à créer la zone de compression, cette zone étant donc plus étendue que dans les deux premiers modes de réalisation. En retournement, la zone de compression est sensiblement la même qu'en levage, du fait que les ailes forment des diagonales médianes des grands côtés 24. Dans ce mode de réalisation, le trou 91 est disposé en bas de la partie principale 23, sous l'aile oblique 50. On notera enfin que l'ancre 2 est symétrique par rapport à un plan médian contenant les première et seconde directions X-X' et Y-Y' . Elle est en revanche asymétrique par rapport à un plan médian de la partie principale 23 de la tige 20 contenant les seconde et troisième directions Y-Y' etIn an extreme situation, part 23 can be extended locally to allow the wings 60 and 65 to be positioned far below the longitudinal axis of the anchor 20 in the second direction Y-Y '. This could be justified for lifting operations excluding overturning. In this embodiment, the hole 91 is disposed at mid-height of the main part 23, above the second wing 60, at the end of this wing secured to the oblique wing 50. It should be noted that the second and third wings can also be arranged on the large faces 24 at a height intermediate between the positions of the first and second embodiments. The exact position is determined by calculation, as a function of the geometry of the panel 10. As a general rule, the thinner the panel 10 in the first direction XX ′, the more the wings are shifted downwards from the large face 24 according to the first direction XX ', to create a larger compression zone when lifting. In a third embodiment, corresponding to FIGS. 8 to 10, the second wings 60 and the third wings 65 all extend in the same plane as the oblique wings 50. The oblique direction in this case forms an angle of approximately 70 °. with the first direction XX 'and approximately 20 ° with the second direction YY'. The second wing 60 has in the oblique direction a length equal to at least three times the length of the oblique wing 50 in the same oblique direction. The third wing 65 has in the oblique direction a length substantially equal to the length of the oblique wing 50 in the same oblique direction. It will be noted that the oblique wings 50 in this embodiment originate at the base of the shoulder 25, that is to say at the point where the shoulder 25 joins the main part 23 of the rod 20. The three wings aligned cross each large side 24 of the main part 23 along a median diagonal, which divides it into two equal parts. The third wing 65 extends practically to the bottom of the long side 24, under the eye 90. The compression zone created by this lifting anchor is slightly inclined relative to the first direction XX ′. When lifting, the lower faces 81 of the three wings contribute to creating the compression zone, this zone therefore being more extensive than in the first two embodiments. In overturning, the compression zone is substantially the same as in lifting, because the wings form median diagonals of the long sides 24. In this embodiment, the hole 91 is arranged at the bottom of the main part 23, under the oblique wing 50. Finally, note that the anchor 2 is symmetrical with respect to a median plane containing the first and second directions XX 'and YY'. On the other hand, it is asymmetrical with respect to a median plane of the main part 23 of the rod 20 containing the second and third directions YY 'and
Z-Z' . Les ailes ne sont pas symétriques par rapport à ce plan. La partie extérieure 21 de la tige n'est pas symétrique par rapport à ce plan. Elle porte d'un côté le bossage 40 qui fait saillie par rapport à la partie principale 23 de la tige suivant la première directionZ-Z '. The wings are not symmetrical with respect to this plane. The outer part 21 of the rod is not symmetrical with respect to this plane. It carries on one side the boss 40 which projects relative to the main part 23 of the rod in the first direction
X-X' , et d'un côté opposé au bossage 40 elle présente une partie en creux par rapport à la partie principale 23 de la tige suivant la première direction X-X' . Ce déport de matière suivant la première direction X-X' au niveau de la partie extérieure 21 permet de faciliter la fabrication de l'ancre 2, et également d'optimiser l'utilisation de la matière, donc de réaliser des économies. Le caractère asymétrique de l'ancre résulte de la prise en compte de la répartition des contraintes dans l'ancre pendant le relevage, le levage et le retournement, ainsi que de l'optimisation de l'utilisation de la matière. Il est à noter que le fait que les ailes obliquesX-X ', and on a side opposite to the boss 40 it has a hollow part relative to the main part 23 of the rod in the first direction X-X'. This material offset in the first direction X-X 'at the outer part 21 makes it easier to manufacture the anchor 2, and also to optimize the use of the material, and therefore to save money. The asymmetric nature of the anchor results from taking into account the distribution of stresses in the anchor during lifting, lifting and turning, as well as from the optimization of the use of the material. It should be noted that the fact that the oblique wings
50 se raccordent au bossage 40 au point de jonction entre la partie principale 23 et la partie extérieure 21 de la tige 20 permet de renforcer la résistance mécanique de la tige dans cette zone de jonction. L'ancre décrite ci-dessus présente de multiples avantages . Elle offre d'excellente performance en relevage, levage, et retournement, permettant de manutentionner des panneaux particulièrement minces sans risque de fissuration. Du fait de ces excellentes performances, il est possible d'utiliser des ancres monobloc particulièrement courtes et compactes. Elles sont utilisables avec les anneaux de levage sphériques standards, sans aucune modification de ceuxci. Dans le cadre d'une utilisation contrôlée conforme aux prescriptions, elle ne nécessite pas la mise en place de fers de renforts supplémentaires. Elles sont toutefois équipées d'un œil et d'un trou permettant l'utilisation de tels fers dans des circonstances exceptionnelles. L'ancre est particulièrement adaptée au béton, mais peut être utilisée pour des panneaux constitués d'autres matériaux durcissables, comme le ciment, le plâtre, les matières plastiques, la résine. On précisera également que l'ancre est réalisée d'une pièce, en métal, de préférence en acier, typiquement par un procédé tel que le forgeage . Du fait du décalage du bossage vers le haut suivant la première direction, les premières ailes 50 sont particulièrement longues. Enfin, la position des secondes et troisièmes ailes sur les grandes faces de la tige et l'inclinaison des ailes obliques peuvent être modifiées pour faire varier les performances de l'ancre en levage, relevage au retournement, en fonction de l'utilisation spécifique prévue. Par ailleurs, la partie extérieure de l'ancre peut présenter d'un côté opposé au bossage 40 un second bossage similaire au bossage 40, remplaçant la partie en creux. 50 are connected to the boss 40 at the junction point between the main part 23 and the external part 21 of the rod 20 makes it possible to reinforce the mechanical resistance of the rod in this junction zone. The anchor described above has multiple advantages. It offers excellent lifting, lifting and turning performance, making it possible to handle particularly thin panels without the risk of cracking. Because of these excellent performances, it it is possible to use particularly short and compact monoblock anchors. They can be used with standard spherical lifting rings, without any modification of these. In the context of controlled use in accordance with the regulations, it does not require the installation of additional reinforcement bars. They are however equipped with an eye and a hole allowing the use of such irons in exceptional circumstances. The anchor is particularly suitable for concrete, but can be used for panels made of other hardenable materials, such as cement, plaster, plastics, resin. It will also be noted that the anchor is made of a piece, made of metal, preferably steel, typically by a process such as forging. Due to the offset of the boss upwards in the first direction, the first wings 50 are particularly long. Finally, the position of the second and third wings on the large faces of the rod and the inclination of the oblique wings can be modified to vary the performance of the anchor in lifting, lifting upside down, depending on the specific use planned. . Furthermore, the external part of the anchor may have, on a side opposite to the boss 40, a second boss similar to the boss 40, replacing the hollow part.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Ancre de levage et de relevage pour panneau en un matériau durcissable, notamment en béton, ce panneau1. Lifting and lifting anchor for panel made of a hardenable material, in particular concrete, this panel
(10) pouvant présenter une faible épaisseur suivant une première direction relativement à ses dimensions dans un plan perpendiculaire à cette première direction, cette ancre (2) comprenant une tige (20) allongée suivant une seconde direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à la première noyée dans le panneau (10) , une tête de préhension (30) solidaire d'une partie extérieure (21) de la tige (20) faisant saillie hors du panneau (10) , et un bossage (40) augmentant l'épaisseur de la partie extérieure (21) de la tige (20) suivant la première direction , caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend au moins deux ailes obliques d'ancrage (50) s'étendant le long de la tige (20) à partir du bossage (40) , de deux côtés opposés de cette tige (20) , dans une direction oblique par rapport aux première et seconde directions, dans un sens opposé à la tête (30) . (10) may have a small thickness in a first direction relative to its dimensions in a plane perpendicular to this first direction, this anchor (2) comprising a rod (20) elongated in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first embedded in the panel (10), a gripping head (30) integral with an outer part (21) of the rod (20) projecting from the panel (10), and a boss (40) increasing the thickness of the outer part ( 21) of the rod (20) in the first direction, characterized in that it comprises at least two oblique anchoring wings (50) extending along the rod (20) from the boss (40), from two opposite sides of this rod (20), in an oblique direction relative to the first and second directions, in a direction opposite to the head (30).
2. Ancre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que ces ailes obliques (50) s'étendent dans un plan sensiblement parallèle à une troisième direction perpendiculaire aux première et seconde directions. 2. An anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that these oblique wings (50) extend in a plane substantially parallel to a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions.
3. Ancre selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que ces ailes obliques (50) s'élargissent suivant la troisième direction à .partir du bossage (40) . 3. Anchor according to claim 2, characterized in that these oblique wings (50) widen in the third direction from the boss (40).
4. Ancre selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisée en ce que les ailes obliques (50) se prolongent d'un côté opposé au bossage (40) le long de la tige (20) par deux secondes ailes d'ancrage (60) mutuellement parallèles s'étendant suivant une direction longitudinale . 4. Anchor according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the oblique wings (50) are extended on a side opposite to the boss (40) along the rod (20) by two second anchoring wings (60) mutually parallel extending in a longitudinal direction.
5. Ancre selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que les secondes ailes d'ancrage (60) s'étendent dans un plan sensiblement parallèle à la seconde direction. 5. An anchor according to claim 4, characterized in that the second anchoring wings (60) extend in a plane substantially parallel to the second direction.
6. Ancre selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que les secondes ailes d'ancrage (60) s'étendent dans le même plan que les ailes obliques (50) . 6. Anchor according to claim 4, characterized in that the second anchoring wings (60) extend in the same plane as the oblique wings (50).
7. Ancre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisée en ce que les ailes obliques (50) et/ou les secondes ailes (60) , considérées en coupe perpendiculairement respectivement à la direction oblique et à la direction longitudinale, présentent des sections d'épaisseurs décroissantes à partir de la tige (20) . 7. An anchor according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the oblique wings (50) and / or the second wings (60), considered in section perpendicular respectively to the oblique direction and to the longitudinal direction, have sections of decreasing thickness from the rod (20).
8. Ancre selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisée en ce que la tige (20) est délimitée par deux grandes faces (24) planes, parallèles et opposées, perpendiculaires à la troisième direction, les secondes ailes (60) s'étendant le long de ces grandes faces (24) . 8. An anchor according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the rod (20) is delimited by two large faces (24) planes, parallel and opposite, perpendicular to the third direction, the second wings (60) extending along these large faces (24).
9. Ancre selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la partie extérieure (21) de la tige (20) présente d'un côté opposé au bossage (40) une partie en creux par rapport au reste de la tige (20) . 9. An anchor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the external part (21) of the rod (20) has on a side opposite to the boss (40) a hollow part relative to the rest of the rod (20).
10. Ancre selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la partie extérieure (21) de la tige (20) présente, d'un côté opposé au bossage (40), un second bossage similaire à celui-ci. 10. An anchor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the external part (21) of the rod (20) has, on a side opposite the boss (40), a second boss similar to the latter.
PCT/FR2005/000786 2004-04-19 2005-03-31 Lifting and erecting anchor for a panel made of a curable material, particularly concrete WO2005111342A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04291029A EP1589163B1 (en) 2004-04-19 2004-04-19 Anchor for tilting and lifting a panel of hardenable material, in particular concrete
EP04291029.9 2004-04-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005111342A1 true WO2005111342A1 (en) 2005-11-24

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FR2005/000786 WO2005111342A1 (en) 2004-04-19 2005-03-31 Lifting and erecting anchor for a panel made of a curable material, particularly concrete

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP1589163B1 (en)
CN (1) CN100478533C (en)
AT (1) ATE521767T1 (en)
ES (1) ES2371642T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2005111342A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101605953B (en) * 2006-12-22 2013-07-10 马塞勒·阿尔提翁 Anchor for treating a building element, in particular a concrete slab

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4702045A (en) * 1985-07-27 1987-10-27 Siegfried Fricker Anchor for concreting into heavy loads
DE4310022A1 (en) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-07 Pfeifer Seil Hebetech Anchor for precast concrete elements and process for its production
US5596846A (en) * 1995-10-13 1997-01-28 The Burke Group Lifting anchor for embedment in concrete members
US5857296A (en) * 1996-05-16 1999-01-12 Dayton Superior Corporation Concrete sandwich panel erection anchor
US20030019169A1 (en) * 2001-07-26 2003-01-30 Dayton Superior Corporation Concrete anchor

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI89473C (en) * 1992-04-06 1993-10-11 Paroc Oy Ab Lifting device and method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4702045A (en) * 1985-07-27 1987-10-27 Siegfried Fricker Anchor for concreting into heavy loads
DE4310022A1 (en) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-07 Pfeifer Seil Hebetech Anchor for precast concrete elements and process for its production
US5596846A (en) * 1995-10-13 1997-01-28 The Burke Group Lifting anchor for embedment in concrete members
US5857296A (en) * 1996-05-16 1999-01-12 Dayton Superior Corporation Concrete sandwich panel erection anchor
US20030019169A1 (en) * 2001-07-26 2003-01-30 Dayton Superior Corporation Concrete anchor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101605953B (en) * 2006-12-22 2013-07-10 马塞勒·阿尔提翁 Anchor for treating a building element, in particular a concrete slab

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1969103A (en) 2007-05-23
CN100478533C (en) 2009-04-15
ATE521767T1 (en) 2011-09-15
ES2371642T3 (en) 2012-01-05
EP1589163A1 (en) 2005-10-26
EP1589163B1 (en) 2011-08-24

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