WO2005108014A1

WO2005108014A1 - Method for disassembling a roller bearing and device for carrying out said method

Info

Publication number: WO2005108014A1
Application number: PCT/DE2005/000761
Authority: WO
Inventors: Oliver Viehweider
Original assignee: Jahnel-Kestermann Getriebewerke Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date: 2004-05-05
Filing date: 2005-04-26
Publication date: 2005-11-17
Also published as: DE102004022524B3

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to disassemble a roller bearing (9) used to distance a gear shaft (8) from a gear housing (10). To this end, once the roller bearing (9) has been released, a sleeve (16) is welded to the inner ring of the roller bearing (9), as a component of a pulling-off device (15). A hydraulically actuatable telescopic cylinder (20) is then used to detach the roller bearing (9) from the gear shaft (8) and from the gear housing (10), the pulling-off device (15) being supported on the gear shaft (8). Furthermore, the inventive device (15) comprises threaded rods (17) that can be coupled to the sleeve (16) and to an abutment (26).

Description

Method for dismantling a rolling bearing and device for carrying out the method

The invention relates, on the one hand, to a method for dismantling a rolling bearing that distances a transmission shaft from a transmission housing.

On the other hand, the invention is directed to an apparatus for performing the method.

In many areas of technology, there is often a desire to be able to dismantle certain roller bearings of a transmission in the event of damage and to replace them with new roller bearings without the transmission having to be removed from its position and at least partially dismantled in order to access the roller bearings. Rolling bearings of this type are, in particular, spherical roller bearings in ship gearboxes or in gearboxes of wind power plants located at a considerable height above the ground. A long standstill of such gears, due to their removal, repair and reinstallation is uneconomical and also involves considerable effort.

DE 195 01 940 C2 proposes a removal tool for bearing rings, especially for tapered roller bearing inner rings. At least three gripper elements are provided, which are distributed over the circumference determined by the bearing ring and can be gripped radially inward for gripping the bearing ring by an axial movement of a tensioning element, the gripper elements being radially expandable outward by an axial movement of a spreading element to release the bearing ring. The subject of DE 100 28 852 C2 is a method for removing an annular component fitted into a bore with a gripping element which is inserted into the bore and pulled out of the bore taking the component with it. The auxiliary element is attached to the inner surfaces of the component, the gripping element is attached to the auxiliary element and a force is applied to the gripping element so that the holding forces of the fitted component are overcome.

A puller for roller bearings is disclosed by DE 102 31 826 A1. The invention describes a puller for a bearing seated with its inner ring on a shaft and with its outer ring in a housing, with a pressure screw screwed into an internal thread of an at least two-arm traverse with a pressure end for support on the end face of the shaft, with each arm the traverse associated pull pieces, which can be fixed at various distances from the pressure spindle by means of holding members on a rail formed by each arm. The pull pieces have hooks for attacking the bearing. Each pull piece is assigned two claws arranged side by side, the hooks of which can engage under a bearing collar in an engagement position of the claws between the inner and outer ring of the bearing in mutually different rolling element spaces.

Other devices for pulling out bearings are e.g. Subject of DE 691 13 637 T2, DD 282 651 A5 and CH 326 664. These publications also describe how claw-like elements engage behind certain components of the bearing and, in combination with a traction means, enable the bearing to be removed.

Starting from the prior art, the invention is based on the object of creating a method and a device for dismantling a roller bearing that supports a gear shaft in a gear housing, in which it is not necessary to have a complete gear from a system remove, disassemble, repair and reinstall it in the repaired condition.

The procedural part of this task is solved with the features of claim 1.

If there is a need to replace a damaged roller bearing, e.g. If a spherical roller bearing has to be replaced by a new roller bearing, a sleeve is now welded to the inner ring of the roller bearing according to the invention after the roller bearing has been exposed to the environment (e.g. removal of cover caps, retaining rings, sealing rings, etc.). The sleeve forms part of a pulling device which is supported on the end face of the gear shaft, through which the roller bearing is mounted in the gear housing. Using the pull-off device, the rolling bearing can then be detached from the gear shaft and from the gear housing with the aid of the welded-on sleeve. After removing the damaged roller bearing, a new roller bearing can be inserted and the gearbox can be used again.

The invention therefore creates the prerequisites for dismantling rolling bearings from a transmission and also being able to reassemble new rolling bearings without having to change the transmission position. All disassembly and assembly work is carried out directly on site. The invention is particularly advantageous in the case of the gearboxes of wind power plants, since a mobile crane is no longer required which has to be moved to the wind power plant and built there to separate the rotor housing and rotor head and then lower them to the ground. The failure of the wind turbine is relatively short. The tying up of assembly capacities is low. In view of the fact that very different materials have to be connected by welding when connecting the sleeve to the inner ring of a rolling bearing, the features of claim 2 prove to be particularly advantageous.

With these measures, it is first of all important that in the scope of the production of the first fillet weld between the outer surface of the sleeve and the end face of the inner ring, such a heat flow is specifically generated in the inner ring that a structural change takes place there. This structural change creates the prerequisites for using the second fillet weld between the 1st fillet weld and the surface of the sleeve to connect it perfectly to the inner ring of the rolling bearing. Because of this deliberate overlapping welding, a continuous adhesion between the sleeve and the inner ring is achieved, so that the forces to be applied when the rolling bearing is released cannot lead to the sleeve being able to tear off the inner ring.

In order to ensure the alignment of the gear shaft during the dismantling of a rolling bearing, this is fixed in position in accordance with the features of claim 3. Such a position fixation can be achieved, for example, in that after removal of a housing cover of the transmission housing, the transmission shaft is suspended via a gearwheel with the aid of a correspondingly designed auxiliary device with support on the free end face of the transmission housing. This position fixation is also advantageously retained in the course of installing a new rolling bearing.

As for the objective part of the object on which the invention is based, its solution is seen in the features specified in claim 4.

This device comprises a sleeve that can be welded to the inner ring of a rolling bearing, threaded rods that can be coupled to the sleeve and an abutment, and one that can be acted upon with a pressure fluid Telescopic cylinders. The pressure fluid can be pneumatic or hydraulic in nature. The telescopic cylinder can be pressurized with the pressurized fluid by motor or by hand.

To couple the threaded rods to the sleeve, the sleeve has an annular collar at its end facing away from the roller bearing. The ring collar can be provided with threaded holes for the threaded rods or with through holes. If there are through holes, nuts are screwed onto the free ends of the threaded rods between the ring collar and the roller bearing.

The other ends of the threaded rods pass through holes in an abutment. This is in particular a round-shaped abutment made of steel. The telescopic cylinder is then incorporated between this abutment and the end face of the transmission shaft and acted upon in the direction of extension. The telescopic cylinder is therefore supported on the one hand on the transmission shaft and on the other hand on the abutment and in this way pulls the rolling bearing from the transmission shaft and from the transmission housing via the abutment, the threaded rods and the sleeve.

If long nuts are used, the handling of the puller is simplified. The long nuts also provide a larger support surface on the threaded rods.

In order to be able to use the shortest possible telescopic cylinder, the features of claim 6 provide that a spacer element is incorporated into the sleeve. This spacer element is adapted in terms of its outer diameter to the inner diameter of the sleeve and in terms of its length to the length of the sleeve. It can be a compact or a bush-like spacer.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. Show it: Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a wind turbine;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic plan view on an enlarged scale of the rotor head of the wind turbine of FIG. 1, partly in section;

3 shows a side view of a gear housing in the rotor head according to FIG. 2, partly in section;

Figure 4 in a schematic on an enlarged scale, section IV of Figure 3;

Figure 5 in vertical longitudinal section, the representation of Figure 4 together with a pull-out device for a rolling bearing, partially in section;

Figure 6 on an enlarged scale, section VI of Figure 5;

Figure 7 in the diagram, a device for mounting a rolling bearing, partly in section, and

FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of the gear housing according to FIG. 3 in the direction of arrow VIII, partly in section, with an arrangement for fixing the position of a gear shaft.

1 in the diagram 1 denotes a wind turbine. The wind turbine 1 is used to convert the kinetic energy present in the wind into electrical energy.

For this purpose, above a mast 2 there is a rotor head 4 which can be rotated about a vertical axis 3 and has a rotor 5 on the end face with e.g. three wings. In the rotor head 4, as shown in FIG. 2, there is a generator 7 driven by the rotor 5 via a transmission gear 6.

The transmission gear 6 is illustrated in Figure 3 in a schematic side view. The arrow PF denotes the transmission input connected to the rotor 5 and the arrow PF1 denotes the transmission output coupled to the generator 7. In the transmission gear 6, in particular a Orbital gear in the form of a planetary gear, various gear shafts 8 are provided with gears. The gear shafts 8 are spaced from the gear housing 10 via roller bearings 9. One of these roller bearings 9 is indicated in FIG. 3 and shown on an enlarged scale in FIG.

The roller bearing 9, here in the form of a spherical roller bearing, is fixed with its inner ring 11 on the gear shaft 8. The outer ring 12 is located in an adapted recess 13 in the gear housing 10. The cover 14 for this roller bearing 8 is not shown in detail in FIG. 4.

In order to be able to disassemble the roller bearing 9 without removing the gear 6 from the rotor head 4 in the event of damage and to replace it with a new roller bearing 9, the removal device 15 illustrated in the diagram in FIG. 5 is used.

This pulling device 15 comprises a sleeve 16 that can be welded to the inner ring 11 of the roller bearing 9, threaded rods 17, long nuts 18, a spacer element 19 and a telescopic cylinder 20 that can be acted upon by a hydraulic pressure fluid.

The threaded rods 17, which are distributed uniformly on the circumference on a pitch circle, are screwed with their one end sections 24 into threaded bores 21 of an annular collar 22 welded to the sleeve 16. With their other end sections 23, they penetrate through bores 25 in a round-shaped abutment 26. The long nuts 18 are screwed onto the end sections 23.

The spacer element 19, for example in the form of a bushing, is inserted into the sleeve 16 welded to the inner ring 11 of the roller bearing 9. This spacer element 19 has an outer diameter which corresponds approximately to the inner diameter of the sleeve 16. Its length is slightly larger than the length of the sleeve 16. After inserting the spacer element 19 into the sleeve 16, the telescopic cylinder 20 is incorporated between the spacer element 19 and the abutment 26 and acted upon in the exit direction 28. The piston rod 27 of the telescopic cylinder 20, which is supported by the spacer 19 on the end face 35 of the transmission shaft 8, extends and pulls the roller bearing 9 from the transmission shaft via the abutment 26, the elongated nuts 18, the threaded rods 17, the ring collar 22 and the sleeve 16 8 and from the gear housing 10.

With regard to the different materials of the sleeve 16 and the inner ring 11 of the roller bearing 9, when connecting the sleeve 16 to the inner ring 11, a circumferentially closed first fillet weld 29 is first made between the outer surface 30 of the sleeve 16 and the end face 31 according to FIG the inner ring 11 placed. In order to achieve extensive structural transformation of the material of the inner ring 11, the annular contact area 32 of the first fillet weld 29 with the inner ring 11 is dimensioned larger than its peripheral contact area 33 with the sleeve 16.

After completion of the 1st fillet weld 29, a closed second fillet 34 is placed between the 1st fillet 29 and the surface 30 of the sleeve 16. In this way, a tear-proof connection between the sleeve 16 and the roller bearing 9 is created (Figures 5 and 6).

FIG. 7 shows in the diagram how a new roller bearing 9 can be installed.

For this purpose, threaded bores 36 are made in the gear shaft 8 from its end face 35. Threaded rods 37 are screwed into these threaded bores 36. After the new rolling bearing 9 to be snapped into place on the edge side of the recess 13 in the gear housing 10, a thrust washer 38 is placed on the threaded rods 37 threaded until it rests on the inner ring 11 and outer ring 12 of the rolling bearing 9. For this purpose, 38 through holes 39 have been made in the pressure disk. After threading a round-shaped abutment 40 with through bores 41 and screwing nuts 42 onto the free ends 43 of the threaded rods 37, the hydraulically actuatable telescopic cylinder 20 is inserted between the thrust washer 38 and the abutment 40. By acting on the telescopic cylinder 20 in the direction of extension (arrow 44), with the support of the telescopic cylinder 20 on the abutment 40, on the nuts 42 and the threaded rods 37 on the gear shaft 8, the roller bearing 9 with the help of the thrust washer 38 until the correct position in the recess 13 of the Gear housing 10 pressed.

The gear shaft 8 is fixed in position so that the gear shaft 8 maintains its orientation in the gear train both during the dismantling of a roller bearing 9 and when a new roller bearing 9 is being installed. For this purpose, according to FIG. 8, after a housing cover 45 has been pivoted, a cross member 46 is placed on the then free upper side 47 of the transmission housing 10 and fastened with the aid of screws 48. An eyelet nut 50 is laterally attached to a gear wheel 49 connected to the gear shaft 8. Then a hook-like end 51 of a pull rod 52 is suspended in the eyelet nut 50, which is provided with a thread 53 at the upper end. The threaded section 53 is guided through the cross member 46 and a support washer 54. Above the washer 54 there is a nut 55. With the aid of the nut 55, a tight connection can be made between the gear wheel 49 and the cross member 46 before the damaged roller bearing 9 is removed, so that the damaged roller bearing 9 can also be removed and then assembled a new roller bearing 9 can be performed. REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 - wind turbine

2 - mast from 1

3-axis

4 - rotor head

5 - rotor

6 - gearbox

7 - generator

8 - gear shafts

9 - rolling bearings

10 - gearbox

11 - inner ring from 9

12 - outer ring from 9 13 - recess in 10

14 - covers f. 9

15 - puller 16 - sleeve from 15

17 - threaded rods 18 - long nuts

19 - spacer 0 - telescopic cylinder 1 - threaded holes in 22 2 - ring collar on 16 3 - end sections from 17 4 - end sections of 17 5 - through holes in 26 6 - abutment 7 - piston rod from 20 8 - Extending direction 9 - 1st fillet weld 30 - surface from 16

31 - front of v. 11

32 - contact area between 29 and 11

33 - contact area between 29 and 16

34 - 2nd fillet weld

35 - face of 8

36 - tapped holes in 35

37 - threaded rods

38 - thrust washer

39 - through holes in 38 40 - abutment

41 - through holes in 40

42 - nuts

43 - free ends of 37

44 - arrow

45 - Housing cover

46 - traverse

47 - top of 10

48 - screws

49 - gear

50 - eyelet nut

51 - end of 52

52 - tie rod

53 - end of 52

54 - washer 55 - nut

PF - gearbox input PF1 - gearbox output

Claims

claims

1. A method for dismantling a gear shaft (8) in a gear housing (10) bearing roller bearing (9), in which after the exposure of the roller bearing (9) to the environment a sleeve (16) as part of a puller (15) to the The inner ring (11) of the roller bearing (9) is welded and then the roller bearing (9) is released from the gear housing (10) and the gear shaft (8), supported on the gear shaft (8).

2. The method according to claim 1, in which first a circumferentially closed fillet weld seam (29) is placed between an outer surface (30) of the sleeve (16) and the end face (31) of the inner ring (11) and the contact area (32) the 1st fillet weld seam (29) with the inner ring (11) is larger than the contact area (33) with the sleeve (16), and that a second fillet weld seam (34) is closed on the circumference between the 1st fillet weld seam (29) and the surface (30) of the sleeve (16) is placed.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the gear shaft (8) is fixed in position during the dismantling of the rolling bearing (9).

4. Device for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by a to the inner ring (11) of the rolling bearing (9) weldable sleeve (16) by the sleeve (16) and an abutment (26) couplable threaded rods (17) and by means of a telescopic cylinder (20) which comes into contact at least indirectly on the one hand on the abutment (26) and on the other hand on the end face (35) of the transmission shaft (8) and can be acted upon by a pressure fluid.

5. The device according to claim 4, characterized by on the threaded rods (17) rotatable long nuts (18).

6. The device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by a in the sleeve (16) insertable spacer (19).