WO2005102934A2 - Water treatment plant and thermal evaporation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermal evaporation system for drinking water treatment, which comprises an approximately cylindrical container with a bottom, curved downwards and an approximately conical double-walled condenser container as an insert, which is supplied with untreated or waste water, by means of an external annular pipe (10). A return pipe (9), for the preheated cold water, is mounted on the upper end of the conical container closure, said return pipe leading to a valve which, if needed, supplies the water flow to the processing area by means of a filling container (5) and, if unneeded, returns the cold water to the untreated water source. The treatment water supply is carried out by means of a large-volume filling container (5), ventilated at the upper end. Chlorine and/or phenols can be physically removed from the obtained drinking water in a specially constructed degasing container. A most effective and safe plant can thus be obtained, which, in contrast to other systems, can be optionally and easily extended. Even when individual components are damaged, operation can be maintained in case of a large plant complex.

Description

 Water treatment plant Thermal expansion system

The invention relates to a thermal evaporation plant (TVS) for the treatment of drinking water from sea, brackish or waste water and / or for the desalination of sea water. Known methods for desalination ^'of Meerwas he are, ^..' as osmosis and Umkehrösmose, based on the principle of filtering sea water over synthetic membranes, it is the pressed medium to be treated .by the 'pores of the membranes. The pressures required for this are up to. to 60 bar, the corresponding energy expenditure for this is therefore very large. When considering the aspects of economic efficiency and. Do not neglect the environmental compatibility of the raw material and energy required for the manufacture of such membranes and the environmentally harmful waste materials produced during manufacture. calmly . werden.- .. ^'In the thermal desalination and purification of brackish water or wastewater is supplied to the medium to be treated in thermal energy mold. Here the medium changes from the liquid to the boiling to the gaseous state. Takes place, the • transition from liquid. in the gaseous state of matter at temperatures below the boiling point, this is called evaporation, whereas evaporation is much less. Amounts . per unit of time in the gaseous state. pass over ^' . than when evaporating. While evaporation takes place on the 'surface' of the medium, evaporation takes place through gas formation inside the liquid. From this is. it can be seen that large surfaces are required to evaporate. If a contaminated medium is vaporized in this way, the result is

Water vapor - which can be 'caught' as condensate ...

Corresponding devices are called stills. The resulting distillate is pure water with no evaporation residues such as e.g. B. salts or other contaminants. At constant. The pressure coincides with the boiling temperature and the condensation temperature, which means that when condensing, the heat supplied for evaporation is released again in the form of heat of condensation. In the case of a pure distillate, care should therefore be taken that the ^• evaporation below. Normal pressure takes place at maximum boiling temperature. "To prevent contamination through cohesion, boiling of the surface of the liquid medium should be largely avoided." Working temperatures of approx. 96 ° to a maximum of 98 ° C are therefore suitable, whereby the energy required for the TVS is approx. 600 - 700 W / 1 condensed water. For the above reasons, the purity of the distillate required, higher temperatures, theoretically 120 ° C, are advisable in the printing system.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET As waste products, during and after the evaporation process, fall

Water as pure distillate for further use and in the

Distill separated solids. Further waste and residues depend on the primary energy source used, which is thermal

Converted energy that causes evaporation. As

Primary energy comes from regenerative forms of energy in thermal form from solar radiation, in electrical form from wind turbines and in geothermal form through the use of high ground temperatures

Consideration. Fossil energy sources in the form of gas, oil, coal, but also wood and / or other carbon-containing organic fuels can also be used. The internal power supply of the pump and

Control can be completely regenerative via z. B. Photovoltaics are covered. Otherwise, the power supply can also take place via the mains voltage.

A system according to the invention exists. a. from a torus (14) which is insulated from the outer jacket by a PU layer (6). About this

Torus (14) is a double-walled container, which at various points on the circumference via an external ring

Supply line (10), which has a central connection, is fed with raw water or dirty water, with guide plates on the inside of the upper conical container cover (1)

Pipes are attached to the water flow in a certain

Steer the direction and force a rotational movement towards the center.

At the top of the conical capacitor surface (1) are

Heat conducting plates attached, which from the bottom up to

Run the cone tip. The conical upper container end (1) is double-walled and thus has a second outer wall.

At the upper end of the conical container end (1) is one

Return line (9) attached to the preheated cooling water, which leads to a valve that, if necessary, the water flow through a

Filling container (5) feeds the process area when not in use

Directing cooling water back to the raw water source via a water pipe (8). The process water is supplied through a large-volume filling tank (5), which is ventilated at the upper end and is connected to the process chamber at the lower end via a small pipe cross-section in order to keep the thermal load on the level sensors low and to enable replacement, maintenance and repair and to facilitate and to shift all process-relevant components from the inside to the outside. The condensate obtained is passed in an outgassing container (2) over large checker plates to largely volatile chemicals such as. B. to degas chlorine from the water obtained. A check valve establishes a connection to the outside in the event of negative pressure (e.g. when the heater is switched off) to ensure pressure equalization. When using solar thermal regenerative energy generation techniques, external oil or gas burner devices for burning biomass and waste and / or combinations of these primary energy sources, a special heat exchanger is used, which has a cylindrical, hollow base body in which pipes run from the end face to the end face through which pipes pass the process medium can circulate in order to be able to absorb thermal energy. The supply of hot heat transfer water takes place at several points at the beginning and the water discharge at the central point in the center of rotation of the cylindrical heat exchanger in order to ensure an even temperature distribution and an even heat emission to the process water.

If several units of the system described above are interconnected, this enables the disconnection of one or more individual systems, e.g. B. for maintenance or cleaning, without having to switch off the entire system. The resulting concept of thermal stills, component construction, regenerative heating via collectors, taking into account the architecture and construction planning in the form of storage tanks, among other things, not only enables inexpensive, but highly effective seawater desalination plants. A sensible selection of the construction components and the corresponding construction and planning result in almost maintenance-free systems with maintenance intervals of more than 6 months. Depending on the design, parts of such a system to be serviced are particle protection or coarse filters, function of the main pumps, the essential system components, fill level of the heat transfer medium of the heat exchange systems, leaks and the like. More costly maintenance and replacement of expensive membranes are no longer necessary. The functional principle shown results in a highly effective and safe system for seawater desalination, which, in contrast to other systems, can be expanded as required and without great effort. Even if individual components are damaged, a large system complex is able to maintain operation. Condenser outgassing tank clean water outlet cooling water inlet filling tank with all control components PU insulation waste water outlet cooling water return cooling water outlet from condenser ring distribution cooling water inlet condenser flue gas connection burner burner chamber with double exhaust gas heat exchanger torus (inner tank)

Claims

Patent claim eThermal evaporation system for drinking water treatment from sea, brackish or wastewater and / or for desalination of sea water, 1. characterized in that the system consists at the bottom of a torus, which is isolated from the outer jacket by an approximately 50 mm thick PU layer. 2. characterized in that above the torus set forth in the above is a double-walled container, which is fed at different points on the circumference via an external ring-shaped feed line, which has a central connection, with raw water or dirty water, the inside of the upper cone-shaped container end cover baffles are attached above the feed lines, which direct the water flow in a certain direction and force a rotational movement towards the center. 3. characterized in that curved heat conducting plates are attached to the top of the conical capacitor surface, which run from the bottom up to the cone tip and are inclined inwards. 4. characterized in that the conical upper container closure has a second outer wall characterized in that a return line for the preheated cooling water is attached to the upper end of the conical container end, which leads to a valve that supplies the water flow via a filling tank to the process area when required, and directs the cooling water back to the raw water source via the water line when not required. 6. characterized in that the process water supply through a vented and vented at the upper end of a large-volume filling container, which is connected at the lower end via a small pipe cross-section to the process space in order to keep the thermal load on the level sensors low and exchange, maintenance and To enable and facilitate repairs and to move all process-relevant components from the inside to the outside. 7. characterized in that the condensate obtained is passed in an outgassing container over large checker plates to largely volatile chemicals such as. B. to degas chlorine from the water obtained. 8. characterized in that the process chamber of the torus via a check valve in the event of a negative pressure (z. B. when switching off the heater) creates a connection to the outside to ensure pressure equalization. 9. characterized in that when using solar hermetic regenerative energy generation techniques, external oil or gas burner devices for burning biomass and garbage and / or combinations of these primary energy sources, a special heat exchanger is used, which has a cylindrical, hollow base body in which the front face Lead pipes to the end face through which the process medium can circulate in order to be able to absorb thermal energy. The supply of hot heat transfer water takes place at several points at the beginning and the water discharge at the central point in the center of rotation of the cylindrical heat exchanger in order to ensure an even temperature distribution and an even heat transfer to the process water.