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WO2004109029A1 - Structure de construction, element et poutre pour ladite structure, et procede de chauffage ou de refroidissement de construction - Google Patents

Structure de construction, element et poutre pour ladite structure, et procede de chauffage ou de refroidissement de construction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004109029A1
WO2004109029A1 PCT/SE2004/000884 SE2004000884W WO2004109029A1 WO 2004109029 A1 WO2004109029 A1 WO 2004109029A1 SE 2004000884 W SE2004000884 W SE 2004000884W WO 2004109029 A1 WO2004109029 A1 WO 2004109029A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
building
mould
plates
reinforcement
planar member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2004/000884
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Roger Ericsson
Anders Olson
Original Assignee
Roger Ericsson
Anders Olson
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE0301668A external-priority patent/SE0301668D0/xx
Priority claimed from SE0301703A external-priority patent/SE0301703D0/xx
Priority claimed from SE0302020A external-priority patent/SE0302020D0/xx
Application filed by Roger Ericsson, Anders Olson filed Critical Roger Ericsson
Priority to EP04736158A priority Critical patent/EP1639210A1/fr
Publication of WO2004109029A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004109029A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E04B5/29—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated the prefabricated parts of the beams consisting wholly of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/48—Special adaptations of floors for incorporating ducts, e.g. for heating or ventilating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/012—Discrete reinforcing elements, e.g. fibres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
    • F24D3/14—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a building element for a building structure such as a floor structure, a fastening arrangement in a building structure, a beam for a building structure, a building structure, and a method for heating or cooling at least a part of a building.
  • floor structures are usually made in situ and are cast into homogenous reinforced concrete structures, having acceptable sound dampening and fire safety characteristics.
  • this traditional construction method demands a relatively large amount of man-hours at the construction site, which increases the construction time and/or the number of workers needed.
  • Additional known solutions include the use beams made of thin sheet.
  • WOOO/34599 describes a pre-made concrete upper floor of a floor structure supported by of I- beams made of thin steel sheet.
  • C- and Z-beam sections There are similar solutions with C- and Z-beam sections.
  • the concrete floor often becomes too heavy to be supported by the steel sheet beams.
  • fire safety considerations require complicated measures, such as providing lining on the steel sheet beams.
  • additional casting in situ is required due to problems with meeting tolerance requirements.
  • heating and cooling arrangements present a high technical complexity resulting in high costs for installation and maintenance. In cases where the systems for cooling and heating are separate, said disadvantage is accentuated.
  • heating is carried out by means of radiant and convection heat from electric or water carrying radiators, or only convection from air treatment units operating based on electricity or water.
  • Air has a low heat transfer capability and is not suitable for distributing heat and cold in traditional closed systems.
  • the large density and the low thermal conductivity of concrete makes the use of the latter in walls and floor structures for heating and cooling impossible, since adjustments according to varying heating and cooling needs can not be accomplished at a rate which is fast enough when air is used for transferring energy.
  • An object of the invention is to present a building element for a building structure such as a floor structure, which decreases the amount of work having to be per- formed at the construction site.
  • Another object of the invention is to present a building structure which comprises less material compared to building structures for the same structural requirements and produced according to known solutions.
  • a further object of the invention is to present a building structure which reduces the transfer of sound between different sections of a building.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide cooling and heating of a building in a simple and un-complicated fashion.
  • the first and second objects are reached with a building element for a building structure such as a floor structure, comprising a planar member and at least a part of a mould fixed to the planar member at an edge thereof.
  • mould parts or complete moulds are provided fixed to the planar members, these can be used to cast in situ floor beams between the planar elements.
  • essential structural components can be easily made at the construc- tion site in correct positions with the aid of the moulds or mould parts provided on the building elements, which can be prefabricated.
  • the possibility of easily producing essential load carrying members at the constructions site makes it possible to provide prefabricated building elements that are substantially lighter than those of known methods, and therefore transportation is facilitated.
  • the moulds or mould parts allow easy fabrication of reinforced concrete floor beams with a high flexural rigidity, a light strong floor structure, with a finished floor surface, can be obtained without the use of large quantities of concrete which result in very heavy floor structures.
  • the planar member comprises at least one reinforcement member, a part of which protrudes out of the planar member at the edge at which the part of a mould is fixed.
  • the edge at which the part of the mould is fixed forms at least partly an additional part of the mould.
  • material of the member formed at the construction site by use of the mould is allowed to contact the edge of the planar mem- ber, and as a result of this the bond between the planar member and the member formed at the construction site is further strengthened.
  • the part of the mould has a longitudinal shape.
  • the mould can be used to form an extended structural member, such as a floor beam, between the planar members.
  • the planar member has an elongated shape, and the part of the mould extends alongside the planar member.
  • the building element can be used to span openings in a construction to form a floor structure, whereby the mould can be used to provide a structural member extending across the floor to carry loads to vertical members in the periphery of the opening.
  • the part of the mould extends at least partly out of the plane of the planar member.
  • the mould can be used to form a member which has a thickness, or height, being considerably larger than the thickness of the planar member, as a result of which a building structure with a large flexural rigidity can be obtained.
  • At least one reinforcement member is located, in relation to the part of the mould, in a position which it is intended to assume after a casting process in- volving the part of the mould.
  • reinforcement members e.g. in the form of reinforcement bars
  • the material used in the casting process e.g. concrete
  • the material used in the casting process can be provided with fibres, e.g. of steel, for reinforcement.
  • at least one opening providing mould portion is provided for obtaining an opening in a member made in a casting process involving the part of the mould.
  • openings in a floor structure e.g. for cooling, heating, electricity, or water installations, according to construction plans can be easily obtained at the construc- tion site.
  • a fastening arrangement in a building structure for example a floor structure, for fastening a lower plate to another part or other parts of the building structure, characterised in that the lower plate or at least one member fixed thereto is supported by at least one elastic member, in turn supported by the other part, or parts, of the building structure.
  • the invention results in the lower plate being connected to the remaining part of the structure only through intermittent elastic members.
  • sound generated above the structure for example by foot steps, and progressing through the structure has to pass through the elastic elements.
  • the latter act to substantially dampen the sound waves, so that waves transferred to the lower plate, and therefore to a space below the structure, are eliminated or minimised.
  • a beam for a building structure, in the intended final position presenting a lower portion and an upper portion, and comprising at least one reinforcement member with an elongated shape, characterised in that, in a region between the end regions of the beam, the reinforcement member is located in the lower portion of the beam.
  • the beam according to the invention makes effective use of its components for structural purposes.
  • the reinforcement member being located in the lower portion between the end regions means that it can carry tensional loads occurring there.
  • Material in the upper portion carries com- pressive loads.
  • the beam comprises high performance concrete surrounding the reinforcement member.
  • the high performance concrete is of the type described in PCT/SE2004/000148, filed by the applicant and incorporated herein by reference.
  • This type of concrete is very durable in a case of fire, since it does not split, as described in said PCT application. This, together with the high strength of this concrete allows for a relatively thin layer of concrete outside the reinforcement member, which reduces weight, and allows the inventive beam to be used for relatively high structural requirements.
  • the upper portion of the beam consists essentially entirely of high performance concrete.
  • no reinforcement material is used in the upper portion of the beam, which reduces the complexity of the latter, and makes production of it easier.
  • the reinforcement member extents uninterrupted through the beam. Therefore, there is no need for a strong bond between the reinforcement member and the reinforced material.
  • the loads can simply be transferred from the reinforced material to the reinforcement member in a transverse direction of the latter. Therefore a steel bar with a smooth surface can be used for the reinforcement member. Nevertheless, if a bond between the reinforcement and the concrete is desired, the high performance concrete of the type mentioned can be advantageously used, since it has a relatively good bondability to steel.
  • the fourth object above is reached with a building structure, such as a floor struc- ture, comprising two plates at least partly overlapping each other and being located at a distance from each other, whereby at least one space between the plates is communicating with an aggregate, which is adapted to heat and/or cool air and make it move between the plates.
  • the fourth object above is also reached with a method for heating or cooling at least a part of a building, characterised by heating or cooling air, and moving the heated or cooled air between two plates of a building structure, the plates at least partly overlapping each other and being located at a distance from each other.
  • the building structure could be a floor structure or a wall.
  • the invention provides for such building structures to replace traditional arrangements for heating and cooling, such as radiators, air conditioners or radiant ceilings.
  • the air in the building structure used for cooling and heating can be kept dry for an effective energy distri- bution, but air in rooms of the building can be allowed to have a higher humidity, as well as a lower velocity, for the comfort of people in the building.
  • the air in the rooms of the building can be allowed to have a higher temperature than in the case of traditional cooling systems.
  • the invention can be used to provide cool concrete surfaces in rooms of a building.
  • the cooling is to a larger extent effected through radiation instead of, as with traditional technology, cool air flows in the rooms of a building.
  • People in the building will experience the temperature effect to be as effective as with traditional technology, but in addition the comfort will increase.
  • the invention will require less energy in operation, since there is no need, found in known solutions, for the extra energy demanding reduction of content of water(steam) in the air.
  • the invention allows for the cooling or heating of internal surfaces with air circulating in closed systems separated from the ventilation systems of the building.
  • the invention provides for a system for cooling and heating which is very easy to integrate in the building during the construction phase, since structural components, e.g. floor structures, is used also for enclosing the heating and cooling system, whereby a large amount of traditional installations, e.g. in the form of conduits of channels, are un-necessary.
  • the inventive system for heating and cooling also al- lows for lesser maintenance measures in the finalised building, due to its constructional simplicity.
  • the invention can make the need for two separate systems for heating and cooling un-necessary, since the building structure can be used for both purposes.
  • the aggregate is located between the plates. This provides for losses of heat or cold to be significantly reduced compared to a system in which heat is trans- ported to the rooms of the building from a central heating or air conditioning arrangement.
  • the invention also provides, as will be described further below, a method for producing a structural element for a building, such as a beam, characterised in that it comprises the steps of positioning at least one building component in its intended final position in the building and so as to form at least a part of a mould for the structural element to be produced, and casting the structural element using the mould.
  • the invention also provides, as will be described further below, a positioning arrangement for use in a method, for producing a structural element for a building, comprising forming a mould for the structural element to be produced and casting the structural element using the mould, and particularly for positioning a first building component essentially above the structural element produced by said method, characterised in that it comprises a first part protruding downwards from the first building component, and/or a second part protruding upwards from a second building component forming at least part of the bottom of said mould, whereby the first part, or the first building component, presents at least one downwardly facing abutment surface for contact with at least one upwardly facing abutment surface on the second part, or on the second building component.
  • the invention provides, as will be described further below, a wall element for a building, presenting an essentially rectangular shape and being provided with at least two reinforcement members extending diagonally through the wall element so as to intersect each other, characterised in that the reinforcement members protrude at at least one edge of the wall element, or are each fixedly connected to at least one reinforcement member protruding at at least one edge of the wall element, so that, as the wall element is positioned essentially above a mould for a structural element of the building, at least one of the protruding parts of the rein- forcement members can be at least partly submerged in a material for the structural element.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a building element according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • - fig. 2-4 are front views of parts of two building elements as the one shown in fig. 1,
  • FIG. 5 is a front view of a building element according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • - fig. 6 is a front view of a building element according to yet another embodiment of the invention
  • - fig. 6a is a cross-sectional view of a mould part of a building element according to a further embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 7 is a front view of parts of two joined building elements according to yet a further embodiment of the invention.
  • - fig. 7a and 7b are front views of parts of two building elements according to a further embodiment of the invention
  • - fig. 7c and 7d are front views of parts of two building elements according to another embodiment of the invention
  • - fig. 7e is a front view of a part of a building element according to yet another embodiment of the invention
  • - fig. 7f is a front view of parts of two building elements of the type shown in fig. 7e,
  • FIG. 8 is a front view of a building element according to a further embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 9-11 are front views of parts of two building elements as the one shown in
  • FIG. 12-14 are front views of parts of two building elements according to additional embodiments of the invention.
  • - fig. 15-18 are front views of a building elements according to further embodiments of the invention
  • - fig. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a mould part of a building element according to another embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 20-22 are front views of building elements or parts thereof according to further embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 23-24 are front views of a building element according to yet another em- bodiment of the invention.
  • - fig. 25 shows a cross-section of a part of a building under construction
  • - fig. 29 shows a cross-section corresponding to the one in fig. 25
  • - fig. 30 shows a side view of a beam according to a further embodiment of the invention, with some parts of the beam not shown in a mid-section thereof for better understanding, - fig. 31 shows a detail of fig. 30 - fig. 32 is a cross-sectional view of a part of a multi-storey building including building structures according to one embodiment of the invention,
  • - fig. 33 is a cross-sectional view of a part of a multi-storey building including building structures according to another embodiment of the invention
  • - fig. 34 is a cross-sectional view of a part of a multi-storey building similar to the one shown in fig. 32,
  • - fig. 35 shows a horizontal cross-section of a building structure according to a further embodiment of the invention
  • - fig. 36 and 37 show cross-sections of a part of a building under construction, - fig. 38 an exploded view of parts in the building in fig. 36 and 37,
  • - fig. 41, 42 and 43 show horizontal cross-sections of a wall in a building under construction.
  • Fig. 1 shows a building element 1 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the building element 1 can have a number of alternative shapes, but in this embodiment it has an extended shape, and in fig. 1 one of its short sides can be seen.
  • the building element 1 comprises a planar member 10, in this embodiment in the form of a rectangular upper plate 10, which preferably comprises reinforced high performance concrete of the type described in PCT/SE2004/000148, incorporated herein by reference.
  • a first 11 and a second 12 mould part are fixed to the plate 10 at a respective longitudinal edge 10a thereof. At each edge 10a ends 10b of reinforcement bars 10c protrude.
  • the reinforcement bars 10c could be part of a fabric reinforcement cast into the plate 10.
  • local reinforcement units with protruding ends could be provided at the edges of the plate 10, or said edges could be provided without any protruding reinforcement parts.
  • the mould parts 11, 12 are suitably made of thin sheet section beams, preferably of a standardised type, extending along the longitudinal edges of the plate 10.
  • Each mould part 11, 12 can be fixed to the plate 10 by an edge region thereof being cast into the plate 10.
  • the mould part is preferably provided with a shoulder that can be used to secure the former until casting is finalised.
  • Each mould part 11, 12 can also be mounted to the plate 10 by some kind of suitable fastening arrangement, by means of for example braces or welds.
  • the thin sheet section beams 11, 12 have a Z-section.
  • the thin sheet section beams 11, 12 each have a portion 11a, 12a extending laterally essentially perpendicular to the plate 10, and an end portion 1 lb, 12b extending later- ally essentially parallel to the plate 10 at a distance therefrom, and a fixing portion l ie, 12c extending laterally essentially parallel to the plate 10 and cast into the plate 10.
  • the respective thin sheet section beam 11, 12 presents a shoulder l id, 12d.
  • the lateral dimension, b, of the end portion 12b of the second mould part 12 is larger than the lateral dimension, a, of the end portion 1 lb of the second mould part 11.
  • the first and second mould parts 11, 12 can be formed with the same Z-profile, presenting one flange, a, shorter than the other flange, b.
  • the desired length difference of the end portions can be ac- complished.
  • the distance b should be equal or larger than the distance a plus two times the sheet thickness.
  • the mould parts 11, 12 are slightly shifted in a direction perpendicular to the plate 10, so that the second mould part 12 extends laterally a little further in the direction perpendicular to the plate 10 than the first mould part 11.
  • a suitable number of reinforcement bars 13 with suitable dimensions are suitably positioned before casting, in order to obtain a desired span and stiffness of the floor beams and the floor structure.
  • the building elements 1 are adapted to carry loads occurring in a state preceding the casting stage, i.e. as depicted in fig. 4.
  • they can be supported by ledgers or braces.
  • the mould 111 formed by the mould parts 11, 12 and the edges 10a of the plates 10, is filled with material, preferably high performance concrete of the type described in the above mentioned PCT/SE2004/000148, incorporated herein by reference. Thereby a beam 14 is formed.
  • the floor structure fulfils the structural requirements set for the floor structure in the finalised building.
  • the building element before transportation to the construction site, can be provided with a sound isolating layer 15, under and adjacent the plate 10, and a vibration dampening lower ceiling 16, mounted on the mould parts 11, 12 for reduction of noise from foot steps, transfer of sound between apartments and circulating air in the finalised building.
  • mould inlays 17 can be provided on the mould parts 11, 12 to reduce the amount of material to be used in the casting process, especially in regions of the cross-section where material is not needed for structural reasons, e.g in the central parts of the cross-section.
  • Fig. 6 shows an alternative to the arrangement in fig. 5, at which a sound isolating layer 18 is arranged above and adjacent vibration dampening lower ceiling 16.
  • reinforcement bars 13 are mounted in their intended final positions in relation to the respective mould parts 11, 12.
  • the reinforcement bars can be suspended from the protruding ends 10b of the reinforcement bars 10c in the plate 10, e.g. by wires, or, as depicted in fig. 6a, held by supporting devices 13b, fixed to the respective mould part 11.
  • Fig. 7 shows an embodiment for forming openings 19 in the beam 14 to be moulded.
  • the openings can be used for a heating and cooling system described below, or for electricity, water and/or sewer installations in the building.
  • the embodiment includes holes 1 le, 12e in the mould parts 11, 12, provided for exam- pie by punching the sheet metal of the mould parts 11, 12.
  • Tube sections 1 If, 12f provided with flanges 1 lg, 12g are mounted in the holes l ie, 12e. As can be seen in fig.
  • Fig. 7c and 7d show another embodiment for forming openings 19 in the beam 14 to be moulded. Holes l ie, 12e are provided in the mould parts 11, 12. As can be seen in fig. 7d, when the building elements are positioned so as for the mould 111 to be formed, a tube section 12f is positioned so that it extends through the holes l ie, 12e, to form an opening providing mould portion 19a.
  • Fig. 7e and 7f show yet another embodiment for forming openings 19 in the beam 14 to be moulded.
  • a collar 1 If, 12f, preferably in an elastic material, is fixed to each mould part 11, 12, and, as can be seen in fig. 7f, when the building elements are po- sitioned so as for the mould 111 to be formed, the collars abut to form an opening providing mould portion 19a.
  • Fig. 8 shows a building element 2 according to an alternative embodiment of the in- vention.
  • the building element 2 has an extended shape, and in fig. 8 one of its short sides can be seen.
  • the building element 2 comprises a planar member 21, in this embodiment in the form of a rectangular lower plate 21, which preferably comprises reinforced high performance concrete of the type described in PCT/SE2004/000148, incorporated herein by reference.
  • Two mould parts 11 are fixed to the plate 21 at a respective longitudinal edge 21a thereof.
  • the mould parts 11 are preferably made of thin sheet section beams, preferably of a standardised type, extending along the longitudinal edges of the plate 21.
  • Each mould part 11, each having the cross-section in the form of a Z, can be fixed to the plate 10 by an edge region thereof being cast into the plate 21, or mounted to the plate 21 by some kind of suitable fastening arrangement.
  • Fig. 9 shows parts of two building elements 2 of a similar type as the one shown in fig. 8, in positions for forming parts of a floor structure.
  • the mould parts 11 are arranged so as to form a mould 111 above the plates 21 and in the region where the elements 2 meet.
  • the mould parts 11 are further provided with mould inlays 17, similar to the ones described above with reference to fig. 5.
  • the mould parts 11 extend laterally away from the respective plate 21 at a distance from the edge 21a of the plate 21.
  • a mould 111 is formed above the plates 21.
  • Reinforcement bars 13, with suitable dimensions and positions, and in suitable numbers are placed in the mould 111 before casting.
  • a part of the building structure can be seen after casting and hardening of a beam 14 using the mould parts 11.
  • the high performance concrete of the type described in PCT/SE2004/000148 is used as material for the beam 14.
  • the embodiment described with reference to fig. 8-10 results in a stronger and stiffer structure than the embodiments described above with reference to fig. 1-7.
  • the reason for this is that the plates 21 are provided and adds to the strength and stiffness in the lower part of the structure where tensional loads are occurring. This allows for the structure to span larger openings.
  • the embodiment in fig. 10 is provided with a larger flange on the beam 14 and more reinforcements 13.
  • FIG. 11 an alternative embodiment of the building elements 2 is shown, resulting in a beam 14 having an upper flange for greater support of the compression loads in the upper part of the structure.
  • an upper floor 22 is provided on top of the structure.
  • the upper floor 22 can be provided with stiffening bars 23 for improving its stiffness.
  • Fig. 12 shows an embodiment where a layer 24 for dampening noise from foot steps and air circulation is provided between the floor beam 14/mould parts 11 and the upper floor 22.
  • the sheet of the floor 22 is fastened to upper horizontal flanges of the mould parts 11, by screws 25, or similar.
  • a sound absorbtion layer 18 is suitably placed on top of the plates 21, i.e. the lower ceiling.
  • Fig. 13 shows parts of building elements 3, according to a further embodiment of the present invention, in relative positions for forming parts of a building structure.
  • Each building element 3 has an extended shape, and in fig. 13 a part of one of the short sides of each element 3 can be seen.
  • Each building element 3 comprises two parallel planar members 10, 21, in this embodiment in the form of a rectangular upper plate 10 and a rectangular lower plate 21, each of which preferably comprises reinforced high performance concrete of the type described in PCT/SE2004/000148, incorporated herein by reference.
  • the plates 10, 21 are joined by two mould parts 11, fixed to the plates 10, 21 at respective longitudinal edges 10a, 21a thereof.
  • the mould parts 11 are preferably made of thin sheet section beams, extending along the longitudinal edges of the plates 10, 21.
  • Each mould part 11, each having the cross-section in the form of a Z, is fixed to the upper plate 10 at an upper lateral end region of the mould part 11, and to the lower plate 21 at an lower lateral end region of the mould part 11.
  • ends 10a of the upper plate 10 ends 10b of reinforcement bars 10c protrude.
  • the mould parts 11 are arranged so as to form a mould 111 extending ver- tically essentially between the upper plates 10 and the lower plates 21. Thereby, the mould parts 11 extend laterally away from the respective lower plate 21 at a distance from the edge 21a of the lower plate 21, and up to the upper plate 10.
  • the mould 111 is filled with a material, preferably the high per- formance concrete of the type described in PCT/SE2004/000148, incorporated herein by reference, whereby a beam 14 is formed as can be seen in fig. 14.
  • a material preferably the high per- formance concrete of the type described in PCT/SE2004/000148, incorporated herein by reference, whereby a beam 14 is formed as can be seen in fig. 14.
  • the embodiment in fig. 12 and 14 gives a finalised upper floor and lower ceiling immediately after the casting process.
  • sound dampening isolation 15, 18 can either be provided below the upper floor or the lower ceiling.
  • the building elements 3, and hence the floor structure, could be completely filled with isolating material.
  • Fig. 15 shows yet another embodiment of a building element 1 according to the invention.
  • This building element is similar to the ones showed in fig. 1-7, but additionally, it is provided with a mould 112 between the longitudinal edges 10a of the plate 10.
  • the main part of the additional mould 112 extends at a substantial distance from the edges of the planar member 10.
  • the additional mould 112 is located at a substantial distance from the edges 10a at which the mould parts 11, 12 are located.
  • the additional mould 112 extends in the longitudinal direction of the plate 10.
  • the mould 112 can comprise two mould parts 11, 12 similar the ones provided at the longitudinal edges 10a of the plate 10.
  • the casting process is made possible by one or more holes or slots 29 in the plate 10.
  • reinforcement bars 10c of the plate 10 extend uninterrupted past the additional mould 112.
  • more than one mould 112 can be provided between the longitudinal edges of the plate 10, whereby the additional moulds 112 can be arranged parallel to each other.
  • the building element 1 can be pro- vided with one or more additional moulds 112 extending in a transverse direction of the plate 10, or in an angle to the longitudinal direction of the plate 10.
  • the building element with the mould parts in the final position of the building element positioned above the plate, described above with reference to fig. 8-10, can be provided with one or more additional moulds between the longitudinal edges of the plate.
  • the building element with two parallel plates joined by mould parts described above with reference to fig. 13 and 14, can be provided with one or more additional moulds between the longitudinal edges of the plate.
  • Fig. 16 shows an embodiment, similar to the ones shown in fig. 1-7, at which the building element 1 comprises a channel 30 for electricity, water and /or sewer in- stallations.
  • the channel 30 is not to be used for casting.
  • the plate 10 extents continuously past the channel 30, apart from one or more apertures 29 provided for access of the channel. Alternatively, such access could be provided at the ends of the channel.
  • Fig. 17 shows an embodiment, similar to the one shown in fig. 8-10, in which the mould parts 31 are provided as C-section beams instead if Z-section beams.
  • the embodiment in fig. 17 can present the same features as the embodiments shown in fig. 8-14.
  • Fig. 18 shows an embodiment of a building element 4, with mould parts 11, 12 provided at a respective longitudinal edge 10a of a rectangular plate 10.
  • the mould parts in the form of Z-section beams, extend laterally out of the plane of the plate 10 on both sides of the plate 10.
  • Fig. 19 shows a mould part 11 for a building element according to yet another embodiment of the invention, and in fig. 20 the building element 1 is shown in a suit- able position in relation to a similar building element, shown in part, for a casting process to be carried out using the mould parts 11, fixed at respective longitudinal edges 10a of rectangular plates 10 of the building elements.
  • each mould part 11 present a shoulder 1 Id at their respective free edge region, and during positioning of the building elements 1, shoulders l id of adjacent mould parts 11 are brought to abut against each other, so that a mould 111 is formed.
  • This provides for an easy assembly at the construction site of the building elements before casting. In particular, it provides for a simple manufacturing process and adjustment of the lower ceiling.
  • the building elements 1 are provided with lower plates 16 to form a lower ceiling.
  • One or more reinforcement bars 13 are placed in the mould 111 before casting. As can be seen in fig. 21 the mould 111 is subsequently filled with material in order to form a beam 14.
  • a lower profile 32 is mounted below and extends transversely of the beams 14 of the building structure.
  • Such lower profiles 32 can be provided to support the lower plates 16, if spans are too large for the latter to support themselves. They can also have a function of reducing, by means of a flexible connection to the beams, sound transportation, as described below.
  • Fig. 23 shows a fastening arrangement in a building element 1, similar to the one shown in fig. 20, intended to be part of a floor structure.
  • the fastening arrangement is used for fastening the lower plate 16 to the remaining part of the building element.
  • the lower plate can be provided with profiles 32 as shown in fig. 22.
  • a support 33a for an elastic member in the form of an elastic cushion 33 is fixed to the mould part 11.
  • a support 33a can be fixed to another part of the building element, e.g. the upper plate 10.
  • a member in the form of a nail 34 is fixed to the lower plate 16, and protrudes through an opening in the support 33a without contacting the latter, and through the elastic cushion 33, on which it is supported by means of a head 34a formed on top of the nail.
  • a suitable number of such fastening arrangements with elastic members 33 are distributed, preferably around the periphery of the lower plate, to support the latter.
  • the lower plate could be directly supported by the elastic members, or profiles 32, as shown in fig. 22, can be arranged to be supported by the elastic members.
  • the elastic member is preferably made of an elastomer material, for example a rub- ber material.
  • the fastening arrangement is advantageous in that the weight of the lower plate is not critical for the function of the elastic members. This is in contrast to a case where steel springs are used, which might be permanently deformed by excessive loading. For large weight requirement imposed by the lower plate 16, the hardness of the elastic members could be easily adapted.
  • the lower part 16 and the fastening arrangement 33, 34 are provides on the building element 1 before transportation to the building construction site.
  • Fig. 24 shows that the arrangement described above is adapted for safe transport, simply by moving the lower plate 16 to abut against the mould part 11, whereby the nail 34 is shifted in relation to the elastic member 33, so that the head 34a is removed from the latter.
  • the building element can be provided with a mould on one of its edges, which mould is used to form a beam between the plate of said building element at said edge and another building element at an edge of the other building element, which latter edge does not present a mould or a mould part.
  • Fig. 25 shows a cross-section of part of a building under construction.
  • a beam 71 is in its intended final position, with the end regions 71a thereof at a respective wall (or column) 72.
  • a region above the wall 72 forms a mould for a structural element, as described below and also in PCT/SE2004/000148, incorporated herein by reference.
  • the beam presents a lower portion 71b and an upper portion 71c, and comprises a reinforcement member 71d with an elongated shape.
  • the reinforcement member is located in the lower portion 71b of the beam.
  • a portion 71i of the reinforcement member protrudes from the end of the beam in an upper portion thereof, and in the longitudinal direction of the beam.
  • the beam 71 can present openings 7 If in its web and additional reinforcement 71g.
  • Fig. 27 shows an alternative arrangement of such openings 7 If and additional reinforcement 71g.
  • Fig. 28a-28e show cross-sections of different embodiments of the beam. As can be seen, one, two or more reinforcement members 71d can extend through the lower portion of the beam.
  • Fig. 29 shows the part of the building after the mould for the structural element has been filled with material in a casting process. It can be seen that the portion 71i of the reinforcement member is thereby surrounded by the material for the structural element.
  • Fig. 30 shows schematically an alternative embodiment of the invention, at which a beam 71 comprises at least two reinforcement members 7 Id, partly overlapping each other by a distance d in a region 71d between the end regions 71a.
  • the reinforcement members 71d are in the form of ribbed bars.
  • the reinforcement member 71d protrudes from the lower portion of the beam, and form a loop outside the beam, and enters the beam again at its end in the upper portion thereof.
  • a structural element at the ends of the beam can be formed in the same manner as in the embodiment described with reference to fig. 25 and 29. Thereby, the ends of the beam will be solidly secured to the structure at its ends, which will further increase its structural ca- pabilities.
  • Fig. 32 shows schematically a vertical cross-section of a multi-storey building with an outer wall 41, an inner wall 42 and building structures 43 in the form of floor structures 43 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Each floor structure 43 can be built from building elements 1, 2, 3, 4 according to any of the embodiments described above, and comprises two separated mutually overlapping plates 410, 411 in the form of an upper floor plate 410 a lower ceiling plate 411.
  • the ceiling plate 411 is the active heat distributor and an isolating layer 412 is provided under and in the vicinity of the floor plate 410. Apart from heat isolation, the isolating layer 412 also provides sound isolation.
  • An aggregate 413 is located in the space between the upper floor plate 410 and the lower ceiling plate 411, and in a heating operation the aggregate 413 provides warm air above the ceiling plate 411 and makes the air circulate above the latter 411. Thereby, the ceiling plate 411 is heated and heats in its turn the air in the room below via radiation and convection.
  • Fig. 33 shows an alternative embodiment of the present invention, which is similar to the embodiment shown in fig. 32, but differs in that the floor plate 411 is the active heat distributor and an isolating layer 412 is provided above and in the vicinity of the floor plate 410.
  • the isolating layer 412 provides sound isolation besides heat isolation.
  • An aggregate 413 provides in a heating operation warm air below the floor plate 410 and makes the air circulate below the latter 410. Thereby, the floor plate 410 is heated and heats in its turn the air in the room above via radiation and convection.
  • Fig. 34 shows the embodiment in fig. 32 used for cooling purposes, whereby the lower ceiling 411 is an active receiver of warm air.
  • the aggregate 413 provides in a cooling operation cool air above the ceiling plate 411 and makes the air circulate above the latter 411. Thereby, the ceiling plate 411 is cooled and cools in its turn the air in the room below via radiation and convection.
  • the embodiment in fig. 33 can also be used for cooling purposes, but in climates with a high rate of humidity there is a risk of precipitation of condensation which can result in problems with humidity, especially below carpets etc.
  • the isolating layer 412 in fig. 34 contributes to the floor temperature not becoming too cool, so that problems with condensation are avoided. Again the isolating layer 412 also provides sound isolation.
  • Fig. 35 shows a horizontal cross-section of a building structure 43 in the form of a floor structure 43, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Floor beams 417 are provided with openings 418, preferably provided by means of opening providing mould portions 19a, described above with reference to fig. 7a-7f.
  • the air can be made to circulate essentially throughout the entire building structure 43.
  • the openings 418 are located close to a peripheral region of the floor structure.
  • a main portion 414 of the air brought into motion by the aggregate 413 can circulate close to the peripheral region of the structure, and smaller air flows 414" can be guided through regions closer to or at the central part of the building structure 43.
  • the aggregate could be located separated from the space between the upper plate 410 and the lower plate 411, but communicating with the latter, e.g. by means of a suitable channel arrangement.
  • two or more aggregates 413 can be provided in, or in communication with the building structure 43.
  • two or more building structures 43 can be in communication with one common aggregate 413.
  • one aggregate serves each apartment.
  • the aggregate 413 can be formed by spatially separate units having different functions, e.g. one unit adapted to heat or cool air and another unit adapted to bring the air into motion.
  • the building structure in which heated or cooled air is brought into motion could be a wall.
  • Fig. 36 shows a cross-section of a part of a building under construction including building components, comprising a floor structure 51, a first building component 52, for example a column or a wall element, and a second building component 53, for example a column or a wall element.
  • the floor structure 51, the a second building component 53, and an shoulder member 54 extending along an upper edge of the second building component 53 form a mould 55 for a structural element to be produced, in the form of a beam.
  • Fig. 37 shows the same part of the building after casting of the structural element 56 using the mould 55.
  • the first building component 52 is positioned in its intended final position above the mould 55 before material, including concrete, for the beam is placed in the mould.
  • the first building component 52 can placed in its intended final position above the mould 55 after the material for the structural element has been placed in the mould 55, but before said material has solidified.
  • at least one protruding part, further described below, of at least one reinforcement member of said first building component 52 is at least partly submerged in the material.
  • a positioning arrangement 57 is used for positioning the first building component 52 above the mould 55.
  • the positioning arrangement 57 comprises a first part 57a protruding downwards from the first building component 52.
  • the first part 57a can be presented in a number of alternative forms, but in this example it comprises a plate 57b fixedly mounted to protruding end regions of reinforcement members in the first building component 52.
  • the positioning arrangement 57 comprises a second part 57c protruding upwards from the second building component 53.
  • the second part 57c can be presented in a number of alternative forms, but in this example it comprises nuts 57d mounted onto threaded portions of protruding end regions of reinforcement members in the second building component 53.
  • a lower side of the plate 57b forms downwardly facing abutment surface 57e for contact with upwardly facing abutment surfaces 57f on the nuts 57d on the second part 57c.
  • the plate 57b present guide holes for guiding the ends of the reinforcement members of the second building component 53 above the nuts 57d, whereby a correct horizontal position and orientation of the first building component 52 can be ob- tained.
  • the first building component 52 can be easily positioned in a desired vertical position.
  • the vertical position of the upwardly facing abutment surfaces 57d in relation to the second building component can be adjusted.
  • the desired vertical position of the first building component 52 can be adjusted.
  • the first building component is secured to the sec- ond building component by additional nuts threaded onto upper portions of the second part that has protruded through the plate.
  • the plate 57b can be arranged on the second building component 53, and the adjustable nuts 57d can be arranged on the first building component 52.
  • the first building component 52 can present abutment surfaces directly on its lower face. Thereby the first building component 52 can also present holes on its lower face for receiving respective protruding parts of the second building component 53.
  • the second building component 53 can present abutment surfaces directly on its upper face, whereby the second building component 53 also can present holes on its upper face for receiving respective protruding parts of the first building component 52.
  • Fig. 39 shows a wall element 61 for a building, presenting an essentially rectangular shape and being provided with at least two reinforcement 62 members extending diagonally through the wall element so as to intersect each other.
  • Each reinforcement member 62 is, at its ends, fixedly connected to two reinforcement members 63 pro- trading at opposite edges of the wall element.
  • protruding parts of some of the reinforcement members 63 can be at least partly submerged in a material for the structural element.
  • the wall element 61 can be provided with a part of a positioning arrangement as described above, with reference to fig. 38.
  • Fig. 40 shows an alternative to the wall element in fig. 39, at which the intersecting reinforcement members 62 protrude at two edges of the wall element.
  • protruding parts of the reinforcement members 62 can be at least partly submerged in a material for the structural element.
  • Fig. 41 shows a horizontal cross-section through a wall element 81, with a column
  • a board 87 is bolted onto the wall element using the nuts 85 in the column. Thereby, a mould for concrete is created between the board and the column. After hardening of material placed in the mould, the board is removed. Thereby, a structural connection between the column and the wall panels has been created.
  • Fig. 43 shows an arrangement similar to the one shown in fig. 41 and 42. Instead of the casting procedure, a board 91 is placed directly onto the column 82, and gaps between the board and the wall panels 83 are filled.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément de construction pour structure de construction du type structure d'étage, qui comprend un élément plat (10, 21), et au moins une partie (11, 12) de moule (111) fixée à cet élément (10, 21) en une bordure (10a, 21a) de l'élément. On décrit un arrangement de fixation de plaque inférieure (16) à une autre partie de la structure de construction, sachant que la plaque inférieure (16) est soutenue par au moins un élément élastique (33), lui-même soutenu par l'autre ou les autres parties de la structure de construction. On décrit aussi une poutre, pour la structure de construction, en position finale souhaitée, qui présente une partie inférieure et une partie supérieure, et qui comprend au moins un élément de renforcement de forme allongée: dans une région située entre les zones terminales de la poutre, l'élément de renforcement se trouve au niveau de la partie inférieure de la poutre. La structure de construction (43) peut comprendre deux plaques (410, 411) se chevauchant au moins partiellement et se trouvant à une distance l'une de l'autre, sachant qu'au moins un espace entre les plaques (410, 411) communique avec un agrégat (413), permettant de chauffer et/ou de refroidir l'air et d'assurer son déplacement entre les plaques (410, 411).
PCT/SE2004/000884 2003-06-04 2004-06-04 Structure de construction, element et poutre pour ladite structure, et procede de chauffage ou de refroidissement de construction WO2004109029A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04736158A EP1639210A1 (fr) 2003-06-04 2004-06-04 Structure de construction, element et poutre pour ladite structure, et procede de chauffage ou de refroidissement de construction

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0301668A SE0301668D0 (sv) 2003-06-04 2003-06-04 Bjälklag i högpresterande betong
SE0301668-0 2003-06-04
SE0301703A SE0301703D0 (sv) 2003-06-06 2003-06-06 Bjälklag samt förfarande för montage av dylikt
SE0301703-5 2003-06-06
SE0302020-3 2003-07-03
SE0302020A SE0302020D0 (sv) 2003-07-03 2003-07-03 Förfaranden för värmning ocg/eller kylning av flervåningsbyggnad

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004109029A1 true WO2004109029A1 (fr) 2004-12-16

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PCT/SE2004/000884 WO2004109029A1 (fr) 2003-06-04 2004-06-04 Structure de construction, element et poutre pour ladite structure, et procede de chauffage ou de refroidissement de construction

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EP (1) EP1639210A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004109029A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2925088A1 (fr) * 2007-12-18 2009-06-19 Soc Civ D Brevets Matiere Procede de realisation d'un element de construction en beton arme et element de construction ainsi realise

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB572522A (en) * 1943-09-13 1945-10-11 Benjamin Morton Junr Improvements relating to preformed beams for floors, roofs and the like
FR1535595A (fr) * 1967-06-26 1968-08-09 Profil Sa Ind Financ Le Panneau en tôle profilée, en particulier pour le bâtiment
US3543458A (en) * 1967-12-27 1970-12-01 Kenneth E Guritz Monolithic floor structure with air passages
US3557511A (en) * 1968-10-09 1971-01-26 Robertson Co H H Floor structure and building construction panel therefor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB572522A (en) * 1943-09-13 1945-10-11 Benjamin Morton Junr Improvements relating to preformed beams for floors, roofs and the like
FR1535595A (fr) * 1967-06-26 1968-08-09 Profil Sa Ind Financ Le Panneau en tôle profilée, en particulier pour le bâtiment
US3543458A (en) * 1967-12-27 1970-12-01 Kenneth E Guritz Monolithic floor structure with air passages
US3557511A (en) * 1968-10-09 1971-01-26 Robertson Co H H Floor structure and building construction panel therefor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2925088A1 (fr) * 2007-12-18 2009-06-19 Soc Civ D Brevets Matiere Procede de realisation d'un element de construction en beton arme et element de construction ainsi realise

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