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WO2004107624A1 - Procede et appareil de detection d'activation d'un canal de code multi-utilisateur dans un systeme de communication sans fil - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de detection d'activation d'un canal de code multi-utilisateur dans un systeme de communication sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004107624A1
WO2004107624A1 PCT/CN2004/000561 CN2004000561W WO2004107624A1 WO 2004107624 A1 WO2004107624 A1 WO 2004107624A1 CN 2004000561 W CN2004000561 W CN 2004000561W WO 2004107624 A1 WO2004107624 A1 WO 2004107624A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
channel response
channel
code
window
activated
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2004/000561
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Shaoli Kang
Lubang Cheng
Yingmin Wang
Original Assignee
Da Tang Mobile Communications Equipment Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Da Tang Mobile Communications Equipment Co., Ltd. filed Critical Da Tang Mobile Communications Equipment Co., Ltd.
Priority to EP04735192.9A priority Critical patent/EP1628422B1/en
Priority to KR1020057022681A priority patent/KR100749432B1/ko
Publication of WO2004107624A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004107624A1/zh
Priority to US11/288,947 priority patent/US7554956B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/7103—Interference-related aspects the interference being multiple access interference
    • H04B1/7105—Joint detection techniques, e.g. linear detectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
    • H04B1/7075—Synchronisation aspects with code phase acquisition
    • H04B1/70754—Setting of search window, i.e. range of code offsets to be searched
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/7103—Interference-related aspects the interference being multiple access interference
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
    • H04J13/10—Code generation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of transmission systems not covered by a single group of H04B3/00 - H04B13/00
    • H04B2201/69—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general
    • H04B2201/707—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation
    • H04B2201/70701—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation featuring pilot assisted reception
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of transmission systems not covered by a single group of H04B3/00 - H04B13/00
    • H04B2201/69—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general
    • H04B2201/707—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation
    • H04B2201/70703—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation using multiple or variable rates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
    • H04J13/16—Code allocation

Definitions

  • the field of the present invention relates to wireless communication technology, and in particular, to a method and device for detecting code channel activation before multi-user detection in a wireless communication system.
  • the receiver will inevitably be subject to fading, multiple access interference (MAI), and inter-code when receiving the desired signal.
  • MAI multiple access interference
  • ISI impact of interference
  • the multi-user detection algorithm effectively uses interference information, and eliminates or weakens interference through despreading and multi-user joint channel equalization, which greatly improves system performance.
  • the receiver Before performing multi-user detection, the receiver must know in advance the spreading code and channel response experienced by the user in the current time slot. Generally, the channel response can be estimated by using the training sequence.
  • the terminal For the spreading code, the terminal only knows the spreading code information occupied by its own user, and does not know the spreading code of other users contained in the received signal. And, on the one hand, part of the allocated code channels are not transmitted because of the change in traffic from high to low; on the other hand, due to the complexity of the transmission shaping and the wireless environment, the partially allocated code channels have experienced severe attenuation and fading. This will cause the terminal's user access signal to change.
  • the high-level signaling method is used to tell each mobile station that is ready to receive the spreading code information required for multi-user detection, which is very difficult to implement, mainly in three aspects: First, it cannot reflect the access information. Real-time changes; Second, the complexity of the signaling is too high; Third, the burden on the terminal is too large.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting multi-user code channel activation in a wireless communication system, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and before performing multi-user detection, let the terminal know the spreading information of the transmitting end.
  • a method for detecting multi-user code channel activation in a wireless communication system comprising the steps of: receiving wireless signals of at least two users of the multi-user;
  • a spreading code activation code channel corresponding to the activated channel response window is obtained.
  • the present invention also provides a device for detecting multi-user code channel activation in a wireless communication system, including:
  • a signal separation device configured to separate a data sequence and a training sequence from a wireless signal received by a receiver and including at least two users;
  • a channel estimation module configured to perform channel estimation according to a training sequence output by the signal separation device, and obtain a joint channel response
  • An activation judgment module for a channel response window configured to obtain an activated channel response window according to a joint channel response output by the channel estimation module
  • a spreading code module configured to determine the activation information output by the activation response module of the channel response window The channel response window obtains its possible corresponding spreading code
  • the activation judging module of the spreading code based on the channel response of the activated channel response window, the separated data sequence output by the signal separation device, and the possible corresponding spreading code assigned by the spreading code module, to obtain the activated channel response window correspondence.
  • the spreading code activates the code channel output.
  • this information can be notified to each mobile station that is about to receive, and this information reflects the real-time change of the access information; it also does not need to pass too complicated signaling at a high level .
  • the method and device of the present invention overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and the method for detecting code channel activation provided by the present invention can implement blind (or semi-blind) detection of a terminal. Only the base station is required to provide the code channel assignment information of the desired user to each mobile station that is ready to receive, and then the mobile station comprehensively uses the joint channel response and all existing spreading codes to extract the active code channel from the received signal, abandoning the base station without allocation
  • the code channels assigned by the base station but not transmitted, and transmitted by the base station but attenuated by beamforming or faded after experiencing the channel provide a more reasonable input for the multi-user detection algorithm, ensuring the implementation of the multi-user detection scheme of the terminal and enhancing Performance of multi-user detection algorithms.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a principle block diagram of a terminal receiver of a code division multiple access communication system including code channel activation detection according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for detecting code channel activation according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for joint detection of terminals in a TD-SCDMA system using a specific assignment method (specific midamble) in a specific embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a code channel activation detection device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an activation judgment module of a channel response window in a code channel activation detection device
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an activation judgment module of a spreading code in a code channel activation detection device.
  • the present invention provides a method and a device for detecting activation of a code channel, and performs activation state judgment of a channel response window and a corresponding code channel according to a joint channel response and a matching filtering result, and then performs multi-user detection according to the obtained activated code channel.
  • This solution is simple to implement and is applicable to any code division multiple access system with channel response and spreading codes as characteristic parameters. It also supports the system's variable rate situation and has the ability to resist shaped attenuation and multipath fading, which guarantees multiple users at the terminal. Realization and technical performance of the detection scheme.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a functional block diagram of a terminal receiver of a code division multiple access communication system including code channel activation detection.
  • the received signal is first separated from the data sequence and the training sequence.
  • the training sequence is used to perform channel estimation and obtain the channel response.
  • the code channel activation detection scheme takes the data sequence and channel response as input, and outputs the activation code channel.
  • the output activation code channel can provide effective input for the multi-user detection algorithm.
  • step 1 the activated channel response window is obtained.
  • the channel response window of each user is judged to determine whether each channel response window is activated. If the channel response window is judged to be active, it means that the user occupying the response window has data transmission at the base station and needs to participate in multi-user detection; otherwise, it means that the user occupying the response window either has no data to send or has data to send but is assigned.
  • the shape fading or channel fading is lost, resulting in that the signal component of the user at the receiving end is very weak and does not need to participate in multi-user detection.
  • step 2 list all allocated spreading codes that may correspond to each activated channel response window. Because the assigned code channel of the expected user is known, the key to this step is to list all the assigned spreading codes that each interfering user may correspond to.
  • step 3 an activation code channel corresponding to each activated channel response window is obtained.
  • For each activated channel response window use the channel response of the window and all allocated spread spectrum that it may correspond to The codes are subjected to matched filtering, then the power of the matched data is calculated, and the activation status of the code channel where these spreading codes are located is determined according to the calculated power.
  • an assigned code channel is determined to be active, it indicates that the code channel is transmitted at the base station and has not been attenuated or faded away. It is an active code channel and needs to participate in multi-user detection; otherwise, it indicates that the code channel is not assigned at the base station. , Or it is not sent after being allocated, or it is sent by the base station but is shaped or attenuated by the wireless channel, that is, it is not the active code channel, so there is no need to participate in multi-user detection.
  • TD-SCDMA Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
  • the existing standards provide that there are three ways to send the training sequence in the downlink: a specific assignment method (specific midamble)> a default assignment method (default midamble) and a common assignment method (common midamble).
  • a specific assignment method specifically midamble
  • a default assignment method default midamble
  • a common assignment method common midamble
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for joint detection of terminals in a TD-SCDMA system using a specific midamble allocation method in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • a method of detecting activation of a code channel is used to obtain a spreading code corresponding to each training series shift (midamble shift).
  • the spreading code corresponding to each midamble shift is specified by a system high-level component including software.
  • the terminal does not know the specified information.
  • code channel activation detection is used to obtain the spreading code corresponding to each midamble shift.
  • Step 30 Segment the joint channel response according to the window length to obtain the channel response window corresponding to each midamble shift.
  • h ( 2 ) .. "")) .. ') h ( ⁇ +1) ) (1)
  • steps 31, 32, 331, and 332 calculate the signal power of each channel response window, and compare these powers with the reference value 1, respectively; if a power is greater than the reference value 1, the channel response window is considered to be active; if If a certain power is less than or equal to the reference value of 1, the channel response window is considered inactive.
  • J in equation (3) represents the power of the ⁇ th channel response window.
  • the spreading codes corresponding to the active windows are listed.
  • the corresponding channel response window is always active, and the spreading code corresponding to the active window is known.
  • the corresponding spreading codes are obtained by the "exhaustive" method.
  • the spreading coefficient is 16, so the spreading codes corresponding to each interference activation window are all spreading codes with a spreading coefficient of 16 except the expected user spreading code. For example, assuming that the user is expected to occupy the first spreading code, the 2 to 16 spreading codes corresponding to other active windows can be exhaustively listed.
  • Step 35 Perform a whitening matching filtering operation on the channel response of each active window and its corresponding spreading code and data sequence.
  • steps 36, 37, 381, and 382 calculate the power of each matching data, and compare these powers with the reference value 2 respectively; if a power is less than or equal to the reference value 2, it is considered that the code channel corresponding to the power is not activated; if If a certain power is greater than the reference value 2, it is considered that the code channel corresponding to the power is activated. If multiple activation code channels use the same spreading code, only the activation code channel with the largest matching data power is selected.
  • Equation (9) indicates that if the same spreading code corresponds to multiple active code channels, only the code channel with the largest matching power is selected.
  • the channel response of the activation window is adjusted according to the number of activation code channels corresponding to each activation window. Assuming that the number of activation code channels corresponding to the ⁇ th activation window is represented by ( ⁇ , then the channel response of the first activation window is expressed as:
  • step 310 multi-user detection is performed by using the activation code channels obtained in steps 30 to 39.
  • a code channel activation detection scheme for ensuring the implementation of the terminal multi-user detection technology is disclosed. This solution takes the data sequence of the receiver and the channel estimation result as input, first obtains the activation status of each channel response window according to the channel response, then lists all the allocated spreading codes that may be corresponding to each activation window, and finally uses the channel response and The spreading code performs matched filtering, calculates its power according to the matched data, and obtains the activation code channel of each activation window according to the calculated power.
  • this code channel activation detection scheme outputs the activation code channel required for multi-user detection, eliminating the base station unassigned, the base station assigned but not transmitted, and the base station transmitted but shaped attenuation or wireless channel fading.
  • the dropped code channels ensure the realization of the terminal multi-user detection scheme and the technical performance.
  • the code channel activation detection scheme of the present invention is applicable to any code division multiple access system that uses spreading codes and channel responses as characteristic parameters, and can ensure the realization of blind or semi-blind multi-user detection technologies of terminals or base stations.
  • the code channel activation detection scheme of the present invention includes three basic steps: 1) judging the activation of the channel response window; 2) enumerating the allocated spreading codes of the active channel response window; 3) the allocated spreading codes of the active window Of activation judgment.
  • the following methods can also be used to determine the activation of the channel response window.
  • the performance is compared with the signal power of the channel response window of each interfering user and the reference value 1. If the signal power of a window is greater than the reference value 1, the window is considered to be at Active state, need to participate in multi-user detection; Then, this window is not activated and does not participate in multi-user detection.
  • the signal power of the window can be either a certain tap power of the window, such as the peak power, or a weighted sum of the window tap power, such as the average power.
  • the reference value 1 may be a level 1 or multi-level reference value, such as a reference value 11 and a reference value 12, and may be expressed as a multiple of a desired window power or a multiple of a noise power.
  • the allocated spreading codes that activate the channel response window which can be either a fixed spreading code that has a corresponding relationship with the window, or a series of spreading codes obtained by the "exhaustive" method.
  • a parallel method can be adopted, that is, the allocated spreading codes corresponding to each window are exhaustively listed at the same time; a serial method can also be used, that is, the latter window corresponds to the exclusion of the previous window. Activate a spreading code other than the code channel.
  • steps 35 to 381 may also be subjected to the following transformation processing, which is used to simplify the activation process of the spreading code channel.
  • the activation judgment of the allocated spreading code of the activation window is as follows: Use the channel response of the allocated spreading code and the activation window to perform whitening matching filtering, and calculate the matching data power, and then compare these powers with the reference value 2, respectively. If the channel power is greater than the reference value 2, the code channel is considered to be active and needs to participate in multi-user detection; otherwise, the code channel is not activated and does not participate in multi-user detection.
  • the matching data power of the desired user may be determined first, and then the matching data power of the interfering user may be determined, and the user and the interfering user are expected to adopt different reference values 2.
  • the reference value For the desired user, it is desirable to obtain the smallest missed detection rate, that is, the probability that the base station sends but detects that it is inactive; for the interfering user, it is desirable to obtain Minimize the probability of false detection, that is, the probability that the base station does not send but detects that it is active.
  • the reference value For the desired user, it is desirable to obtain the smallest missed detection rate, that is, the probability that the base station sends but detects that it is inactive; for the interfering user, it is desirable to obtain Minimize the probability of false detection, that is, the probability that the base station does not send but detects that it is active.
  • the required code channel is a known desired code channel; for an interference user, the required code channel is either a known desired code channel, or a known transmission code channel for the window, or the maximum power of the window The corresponding code channel.
  • the present invention further provides a device for detecting code channel activation, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the activation judgment module of the channel response window is shown in FIG. 5, and the activation judgment module of the spreading code is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the function of each module and the processing of the signals are the same as the signal processing in the method.
  • the code channel activation detection device includes: a signal separation device for separating a data sequence and a training sequence from a wireless signal received by a receiver and including at least two users; a channel estimation module for separating signals according to the signals The training sequence output by the device performs channel estimation to obtain a joint channel response; an activation judgment module of a channel response window is used to obtain an activated channel response window according to the joint channel response output by the channel estimation module; a spreading code module is used to The activated channel response window output by the activation response module of the channel response window obtains its possible corresponding spreading code; the activation determination module of the spreading code is based on the channel response of the activated channel response window and the separated data sequence output by the signal separation device. And the possible corresponding spreading code output by the spreading code module, and obtaining the output of the spreading code activation code channel corresponding to the activated channel response window.
  • the channel response window activation judgment module in FIG. 4 includes a channel response window segmentation module, a first calculation module, and a first comparison judgment module, where the channel response window segmentation module outputs the channel estimation module
  • the joint channel response is divided into various channel response windows according to the window length; a first calculation module calculates the signal power of each channel response window output by the channel response window division module; a first comparison and judgment module is used to compare the outputs of the first calculation module respectively And the first predetermined threshold of the signal power of each channel response window are greater than the first predetermined threshold
  • the threshold channel response window is output to the spreading code module as the activated channel response window.
  • the activation judgment module of the spreading code in FIG. 4 includes a whitening matching filtering module, a second calculation module, and a second comparison judging module, where the whitening matching filtering module activates the output of the spreading code module.
  • the channel response window may correspond to the allocation spreading code, the separated data sequence output by the signal separation device, and the channel response of the activated channel response window to perform whitening matching filtering;
  • the second calculation module calculates each activated channel output from the whitening matching filtering module
  • the second comparison and judging module is configured to compare the power of each matching data output by the second computing module with a second predetermined threshold,
  • the code channel is output as the active code channel.
  • the channel response adjustment module adjusts the channel response of the activation window according to the number of activated code channels of each activated channel response window output by the second comparison judgment module.

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Description

无线通信系统中多用户码道激活检测的方法和装置 技术领域
本发明领域涉及无线通信技术， 具体涉及无线通信系统中多用户检 测前的码道激活检测的方法和装置。 发明背景
对于码分多址方式的移动通信系统， 因为同信道中多用户共存和无 线环境的复杂性， 接收机在接收期望信号的时候， 不可避免地会受到衰 落、 多址干扰（MAI )和码间干扰（ISI )的影响。 多用户检测算法有效 地利用干扰信息， 通过解扩和多用户联合信道均衡来消除或减弱干扰， 极大地提高了系统性能。
在进行多用户检测之前， 接收机必须事先知道当前时隙接入用户的 扩频码和信号经历的信道响应。 通常， 信道响应可以利用训练序列进行 估计得到。 而对于扩频码， 终端只知道自身用户占用的扩频码信息， 不 知道接收信号中包含的其它用户的扩频码情况。 并且， 一方面因为业务 量由高到低的变化， 部分分配的码道没有发送； 另一方面因为发送赋形 和无线环境的复杂性， 部分分配的码道经历了严重衰减和衰落， 这些都 将导致终端的用户接入信号发生变化。
目前， 采用高层信令的方式将多用户检测需要的扩频码信息告诉每 个准备接收的移动台， 在实现上具有很大困难， 主要体现在三个方面： 一是不能反映接入信息的实时变化； 二是信令的复杂度太高； 三是终端 的负担太大。
因此， 在无线通信系统中， 希望有在多用户检测之前进行码道激活 检测的方法和装置， 将多用户检测需要的扩频码信息告诉每个准备接收 的移动台，这些信息反映接入信息的实时变化；也不需要太复杂的信令; 终端的负担也不太大。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种无线通信系统中多用户码道激活检测的 方法， 以克服现有技术的缺点， 在进行多用户检测之前， 让终端获知发 送端的扩频信息。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种无线通信系统中多用户码道激活检测的方法， 包括步骤： . 接收所述多用户中的至少两个用户的无线信号；
分离所述无线信号中的数据与训练序列；
根据所述分离的训练序列，进行联合信道估计，获得联合信道响应； 根据所述联合信道响应 , 获得激活的信道响应窗；
获得所述激活的信道响应窗可能对应的分配扩频码；
根据激活的信道响应窗的信道响应和可能对应的分配扩频码以及分 离的数据序列， 求出所述激活的信道响应窗对应的扩频码激活码道。
本发明还提供一种无线通信系统中多用户码道激活检测的装置， 包 括：
信号分离装置， 用于分离来自接收机接收的至少包含两个用户的无 线信号中的数据序列与训练序列；
信道估计模块， 用于根据信号分离装置输出的训练序列， 进行信道 估计， 获得联合信道响应；
信道响应窗的激活判断模块， 用于根据信道估计模块输出的联合信 道响应， 获得激活的信道响应窗；
扩频码模块， 用于根据信道响应窗的激活判断模块输出的激活的信 道响应窗获得其可能对应的分配扩频码；
扩频码的激活判断模块， 根据激活的信道响应窗的信道响应、 信号 分离装置输出的分离数据序列、 以及扩频码模块输出的可能对应的分配 扩频码， 求出激活的信道响应窗对应的扩频码激活码道输出。
利用本发明， 通过列出多用户检测需要的扩频码信息， 可将该信息 告诉每个准备接收的移动台， 这些信息反映接入信息的实时变化； 也不 需要通过高层太复杂的信令。
本发明的方法和装置克服了现有技术的缺点， 本发明提出的码道激 活检测方法， 可实现终端的盲（或半盲）检测。 只需要基站为每个准备 接收的移动台提供期望用户的码道分配信息， 然后移动台综合运用联合 信道响应和所有存在的扩频码， 从接收信号中提取激活码道， 摒弃了基 站没有分配、 基站分配但没有发送、 基站发送但被波束赋形衰减掉或经 历信道后衰落掉的码道， 为多用户检测算法提供了更合理的输入， 保证 了终端多用户检测方案的实现并增强了多用户检测算法的性能。 附图简要说明
图 1描述了本发明的包括码道激活检测的码分多址通信系统终端接 收机的原理框图；
图 2为本发明的码道激活检测方法的流程图；
图 3 为本发明的具体实施例中采用特殊指派分配方式 （specific midamble ) 下， TD-SCDMA系统的终端联合检测方法的流程图；
图 4为本发明的码道激活检测装置示意图；
图 5为码道激活检测装置中信道响应窗的激活判断模块示意图； 图 6为码道激活检测装置中扩频码的激活判断模块示意图。 实施本发明的方式
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细描述。
本发明提供一种码道激活检测方法和装置， 根据联合信道响应和匹 配滤波结果来进行信道响应窗及其对应码道的激活状态判断， 然后根据 得到的激活码道来进行多用户检测。 该方案实现简单， 适用于任何以信 道响应和扩频码为特征参量的码分多址系统， 并且支持系统变速率的情 况和具有抗赋形衰减以及多径衰落的能力， 保证了终端多用户检测方案 的实现和技术性能。
参见图 1所示， 图 1描述了包括码道激活检测的码分多址通信系统 终端接收机的原理框图。 接收信号首先经过数据序列与训练序列的分 离， 训练序列用来进行信道估计， 得到信道响应。 码道激活检测方案便 以数据序列和信道响应作为输入， 输出激活码道， 所输出的激活码道可 以为多用户检测算法提供有效的输入。
码道激活检测的具体实施过程见图 2所示， 它分为三大步骤： 在步骤 1 , 求出激活的信道响应窗。 对各个用户的信道响应窗进行 判断， 决定各个信道响应窗是否处于激活状态。 如果信道响应窗判断为 激活， 则表示占用该响应窗的用户在基站有数据发送， 需要参加多用户 检测； 否则， 则表示占用该响应窗的用户或者没有数据发送， 或者有数 据发送但被赋形衰减或者信道衰落掉了， 导致该用户在接收端的信号分 量很弱， 不需要参加多用户检测。
在步骤 2，列出各个激活的信道响应窗可能对应的所有分配扩频码。 因为期望用户的分配码道是已知的， 所以， 这个步骤的关键在于列出各 个干扰用户可能对应的所有分配扩频码。
在步骤 3 , 求出各个激活的信道响应窗对应的激活码道。 对于各个 激活的信道响应窗， 利用该窗的信道响应和其可能对应的所有分配扩频 码进行匹配滤波， 然后计算匹配数据的功率， 根据计算的功率来判断这 些扩频码所在码道的激活状态。 如果某个分配码道判断为激活， 则表示 该码道在基站被发送并且没有被衰减或衰落掉， 是激活码道， 需要参加 多用户检测； 否则， 则表示该码道在基站没有被分配， 或者分配后但没 有被发送， 或者被基站发送但赋形衰减或被无线信道衰落掉， 即不是激 活码道， 因此不需要参加多用户检测。
在本发明的实施例中， 采用 TD - SCDMA (时分同步码分多址） 系 统， 下文将具体描述在终端中实现 "码道激活检测方法"， 以便于本领 域一般技术人员理解和实施本发明。
对于 TD-SCDMA系统， 现有标准规定， 下行链路的训练序列发送 有三种方式： 特殊指派分配方式 （specific midamble )> 缺省分配方式 ( default midamble )和共用分配方式 ( common midamble )。 对于这三种 不同的分配方式， 都可以利用本发明的码道激活检测方法确定出激活码 道， 然后进行多用户检测。 对于这三种方式， 其实现方法是相似的， 因 此， 下面， 以 specific midamble分配方式为例， 详细描述码道激活检测 方案的实施过程。
图 3为本发明的具体实施例中采用 specific midamble分配方式下， TD-SCDMA 系统的终端联合检测方法的流程图。 在这个方法中， 进行 多用户检测之前， 实现了采用码道激活检测的方法来求得各个训练系列 位移（ midamble shift )对应的扩频码。 在 specific midamble分配方式下， 各个 midamble shift对应的扩频码由包括软件的系统高层组件指定。 对 于下行链路， 终端不知道这些指定信息， 本发明中采用码道激活检测来 求得各个 midamble shift对应的扩频码。
步骤 30,对联合信道响应按照窗长来进行分割，得到各个 midamble shift对应的信道响应窗。 h = (2) .·· "')•.. ') h(^+1)) ( 1)
= )··« ") 1·· (2) 式 （ 1 ) 中的 ¾表示联合信道响应， ^^…^表示第 个 midamble shift对应的信道响应窗， Km表示 midamble shift总数。 式（ 2 ) 中的 表示窗长，它和 m之间满足如下关系： =「12^ 1。在 = 128的 情况下， 为空矩阵， 即式（1) 筒化为： fe =
Figure imgf000008_0001
在步骤 31、 32、 331、 332, 计算各个信道响应窗的信号功率， 并分 别将这些功率与基准值 1进行比较； 如果某功率大于基准值 1， 则认为 该信道响应窗处于激活状态； 如果某功率小于等于基准值 1, 则认为该 信道响应窗不激活。
Figure imgf000008_0002
式（3) 中的 J表示第 ^个信道响应窗的功率。 式（4) 中的 2；表 示基准值 1, 表示激活状态函数。 如果/ ;( ） = 1, 则表示第 个信道 响应窗处于激活状态即为激活窗； 如果 / ∞) = 0, 则表示第 个信道响 应窗处于非激活状态即为非激活窗。
在步骤 34, 列出各个激活窗对应的扩频码。 对于期望用户， 其对应 的信道响应窗总是激活的， 并且该激活窗对应的扩频码是已知的。 对于 期望用户之外的其它激活窗， 也称为干扰用户激活窗， 其对应的扩频码 通过 "穷举" 方法得到。 对于下行链路， 扩频系数为 16， 因此， 各个干 扰激活窗对应的扩频码是除了期望用户扩频码以外的所有扩频系数为 16的扩频码。 例如， 假设期望用户占用第 1个扩频码， 那么， 可穷举出 其它激活窗对应的第 2 ~ 16个扩频码。 步驟 35,将各个激活窗的信道响应和其对应的扩频码以及数据序列 进行白化匹配滤波运算。
Figure imgf000009_0001
式（5 ) 中的^代表激活窗的标号， 代表激活窗对应的扩频码的标号， e 为接收信号， n为符号标识， 〉表示第 个扩频码， 其表达形式见式 ( 6)。
在步骤 36、 37、 381、 382, 计算各个匹配数据的功率， 并分别将这 些功率与基准值 2进行比较； 如果某功率小于等于基准值 2, 则认为该 功率对应的码道没有激活； 如果某功率大于基准值 2, 则认为该功率对 应的码道被激活了。 如果有多个激活码道采用了相同的扩频码， 则只选 择匹配数据功率最大的那个激活码道。
Figure imgf000009_0002
1, P2 iK"k) >τ2
( 8 )
0, P^-'k ≤ 7； ax([R . · - Ru'k) ) k,k ( 9 )
Figure imgf000009_0003
式（7 )中的 2 Λ 表示第 个激活窗对应的第 个码道的匹配数据功率。 式（8 ) 中的 Γ2表示基准值 2, /2(.)表示激活状态函数。 如果 /2(0) = 0， 表示第 个激活窗对应的第 Α个码道不是激活码道； 如果 /2 ( , yfc) = l, 则 表示第 ^个激活窗对应的第fc个码道是激活码道。 式（9 )表示， 如果同 一个扩频码对应多个激活码道， 则只选取具有最大匹配功率的那个码 道。 在步骤 39，根据各激活窗对应的激活码道数来调整激活窗的信道响 应。 假设第 ^个激活窗对应的激活码道数用 (^表示， 那么， 第 个激 活窗的信道响应表示为：
Figure imgf000010_0001
在步骤 310, 利用步骤 30 ~ 39得到的激活码道来进行多用户检测。 在本发明中， 公开了一种保证终端多用户检测技术实现的码道激活 检测方案。 该方案以接收端的数据序列和信道估计结果作为输入， 首先 根据信道响应得到各个信道响应窗的激活状态， 然后列出各个激活窗可 能对应的所有分配扩频码， 最后利用激活窗的信道响应和扩频码进行匹 配滤波， 根据匹配数据进行其功率计算， 根据计算的功率得到各个激活 窗的激活码道。 在仅仅给定期望用户的分配信息情况下， 该码道激活检 测方案输出多用户检测需要的激活码道， 摒弃了基站未分配、 基站分配 但未发送和基站发送但赋形衰减或无线信道衰落掉的码道， 保证了终端 多用户检测方案的实现和技术性能。
本发明的码道激活检测方案适用于任何以扩频码和信道响应作为 特征参量的码分多址系统， 可以保证终端或者基站的盲或半盲多用户检 测技术的实现。
从实施例可见， 本发明的码道激活检测方案包括三个基本步骤： 1 ) 信道响应窗的激活判断； 2 )列举激活信道响应窗的分配扩频码； 3 )激 活窗的分配扩频码的激活判断。
其中， 对信道响应窗的激活判断还可采用以下方法， 表现为将各个 干扰用户信道响应窗的信号功率与基准值 1进行比较， 若某窗的信号功 率大于基准值 1 , 则认为该窗处于激活状态， 需要参加多用户检测； 否 则， 该窗不激活， 不参加多用户检测。 窗的信号功率既可以是窗的某个 抽头功率， 例如峰值功率， 也可以是窗抽头功率的加权和， 例如平均功 率。 基准值 1可以是 1级或者多级基准值， 例如基准值 11 , 基准值 12, 并且可以表示为期望窗功率的倍数或者噪声功率的倍数。
列举激活信道响应窗的分配扩频码 , 既可以是和窗有对应关系的固 定扩频码， 也可以是才艮据 "穷举" 方法得到的扩频码系列。 并且， 对于 "穷举，， 过程， 既可以采用并行方法， 即同时穷举出各窗对应的分配扩 频码； 也可以釆用串行方法， 即后面的窗对应着排除前面的窗已得激活 码道以外的扩频码。
在实际的实现过程中 ,还可以对步骤 35 ~ 381进行如下的变换处理， 用来筒化扩频码码道激活过程。 例如： 对各个干扰激活窗从左至右进行 编号， 第 1个干扰激活窗分别与除期望用户的扩频码以外的所有 SF=16 的扩频码结合， 进行匹配滤波， 再对匹配数据功率进行判断， 得到该窗 对应的激活码道； 第 2个干扰激活窗分别与除期望用户的扩频码和所述 第 1个干扰激活窗的激活扩频码以外的所有 SF=16的扩频码结合，进行 匹配滤波， 再对匹配数据功率进行判断， 得到该窗对应的激活码道； 依 此类推， 直到求得所有干扰激活窗的激活码道为止。
激活窗的分配扩频码的激活判断表现为： 利用分配扩频码和激活窗 的信道响应进行白化匹配滤波， 并计算匹配数据功率， 再分别将这些功 率与基准值 2进行比较， 若某码道功率大于基准值 2, 则认为该码道处 于激活状态， 需要参加多用户检测； 否则， 该码道不激活， 不参加多用 户检测。 在上述判断比较处理过程中， 还可以先对期望用户的匹配数据 功率进行判断， 再对干扰用户的匹配数据功率进行判断， 并且期望用户 和干扰用户采用不同的基准值 2。 对于期望用户， 希望得到尽量小的漏 检 f既率， 即基站发送但检测为不激活的概率； 对于干扰用户， 希望得到 尽量小的错检概率， 即基站未发送但检测为激活的概率。 其中， 基准值
2可以是 1级或者多级基准值， 例如基准值 21 , 基准值 22, 并且可以表 示为必选码道的功率倍数或者噪声功率的倍数。 对于期望用户， 必选码 道为已知的期望码道；对于干扰用户，必选码道或者为已知的期望码道， 或者为该窗已知的发送码道， 或者为该窗最大功率对应的码道。
根据实施例提供的码道激活检测的方法， 本发明还提供了码道激活 检测装置， 如图 4所示。其中，信道响应窗的激活判断模块如图 5所示， 扩频码的激活判断模块如图 6所示。 各模块的功能和进行的信号的处理 与方法中的信号处理相同。
如图 4所示， 码道激活检测装置包括： 信号分离装置， 用于分离来 自接收机接收的至少包含两个用户的无线信号中的数据序列与训练序 列； 信道估计模块， 用于根据信号分离装置输出的训练序列， 进行信道 估计， 获得联合信道响应； 信道响应窗的激活判断模块， 用于根据信道 估计模块输出的联合信道响应， 获得激活的信道响应窗； 扩频码模块， 用于根据信道响应窗的激活判断模块输出的激活的信道响应窗获得其 可能对应的分配扩频码； 扩频码的激活判断模块， 根据激活的信道响应 窗的信道响应、 信号分离装置输出的分离数据序列、 以及扩频码模块输 出的可能对应的分配扩频码， 求出激活的信道响应窗对应的扩频码激活 码道输出。
如图 5所示， 图 4中的信道响应窗的激活判断模块包括， 信道响应 窗分割模块、 第一计算模块、 以及第一比较判断模块， 其中， 信道响应 窗分割模块， 将信道估计模块输出的联合信道响应按照窗长分割成各个 信道响应窗； 第一计算模块， 计算信道响应窗分割模块输出的各个信道 响应窗的信号功率； 第一比较判断模块， 用于分别比较第一计算模块输 出的各个信道响应窗的信号功率与第一预定门限， 将其中大于第一预定 门限的信道响应窗作为激活的信道响应窗输出至扩频码模块。
如图 6所示， 图 4中的扩频码的激活判断模块包括， 白化匹配滤波 模块、 第二计算模块、 以及第二比较判断模块， 其中， 白化匹配滤波模 块将扩频码模块输出的激活的信道响应窗可能对应的分配扩频码、 信号 分离装置输出的分离数据序列、 以及激活的信道响应窗的信道响应进行 白化匹配滤波； 第二计算模块计算白化匹配滤波模块输出的各激活的信 道响应窗对应的每个扩频码的匹配数据的功率； 第二比较判断模块用于 分别比较第二计算模块输出的各个匹配数据功率与第二预定门限， 将其 中大于第二预定门限所对应的码道作为激活码道输出。 信道响应调整模 块根据第二比较判断模块输出的各激活的信道响应窗的激活码道数调 整激活窗的信道响应。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种无线通信系统中多用户码道激活检测的方法， 其特征在 于， 包括步骤：
接收所述多用户中的至少两个用户的无线信号；
分离所述无线信号中的数据与训练序列；
根据所述分离的训练序列，进行联合信道估计，获得联合信道响应； 根据所述联合信道响应， 获得激活的信道响应窗；
获得所述激活的信道响应窗可能对应的分配扩频码；
根据激活的信道响应窗的信道响应和可能对应的分配扩频码以及 分离的数据序列， 求出所述激活的信道响应窗对应的扩频码激活码道。
2、 如权利要求 1 所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述获得激活的信 道响应窗的步骤包括：
将联合信道响应按照窗长分割成各个信道响应窗；
判断所述各个信道响应窗的信号功率是否大于第一预定门限， 如果 是， 则判定信道响应窗为激活的信道响应窗。
3、 如权利要求 1 所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述获得所述激活 的信道响应窗可能对应的分配扩频码的步骤包括， 穷举列出所有激活的 信道响应窗可能对应的所有分配扩频码。
4、 如权利要求 1 所述的方法， 其特征在于， 求出所述激活的信 道响应窗对应的扩频码激活码道的步骤包括： 对于每个激活的信道响应 窗， 利用其信道响应和其可能对应的所有分配扩频码以及分离的数据序 列进行白化匹配滤波， 获得激活的信道响应窗对应的每个扩频码的匹配 数据，计算各匹配数据的功率，判断计算的功率是否大于第二预定门限， 如果是， 则判定该功率对应的扩频码码道为激活码道。
5、 如权利要求 2、 3、 4之一所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述信 道响应窗的信号功率为所述信道响应窗的某个抽头功率或抽头功率的 加权和； 所述预定门限为期望用户的信道响应窗功率的倍数或者噪声功 率的倍数。 '
6、 如权利要求 1 所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述获得激活的信 道响应窗的步骤包括：
将联合信道响应按照窗长分割成各个信道响应窗；
判断各个干扰用户窗的信号功率是否大于第一预定门限， 如果是， 则判定干扰用户窗为激活的干扰用户信道响应窗。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述求出所述激活 的信道响应窗对应的扩频码激活码道的步骤包括，
对各个激活的干扰用户信道响应窗从左至右进行编号，
第 1个激活的干扰用户信道响应窗分别与除期望用户的扩频码以外 的所有扩频码结合， 进行白化匹配滤波； 再对匹配数据功率进行判断， 得到该窗对应的激活码道；
笫 2个激活的干扰用户信道响应窗分别与除期望用户的扩频码和所 述第 1个激活的干^ 6用户信道响应窗的激活扩频码以外的所有的扩频码 结合， 进行白化匹配滤波， 再对匹配数据功率进行判断， 得到该窗对应 的激活码道；
依此类推， 直到求得所有激活的干扰用户信道响应窗的激活码道为 止。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述对匹配数据功 率进行判断， 得到激活的干扰用户信道响应窗对应的激活码道的步骤包 括， 首先判断期望用户的匹配数据功率是否大于期望用户基准值， 如果 是， 则判定该功率对应的扩频码码道为激活码道， 再判断干扰用户的匹 配数据功率是否大于干扰用户基准值， 如果是， 则判定该功率对应的扩 频码码道为激活码道。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述期望用户基准 值满足漏检概率最小， 所述干扰用户基准值满足错检概率最小。
10、 如权利要求 8所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述期望用户基准 值为必选码道的功率倍数或者噪声功率的倍数， 其中， 期望用户的必选 码道为预定的已知的期望码道；
所述干扰用户基准值为必选码道的功率倍数或者噪声功率的倍数， 所述干扰用户的必选码道为已知的期望码道， 或者为所述干扰用户窗已 知的发送码道， 或者为所述干扰用户窗最大功率对应的码道。
11、 如权利要求 1 所述的方法， 还包括步骤， 根据各激活的信道 响应窗的激活码道数调整激活窗的信道响应。
12、 一种无线通信系统中多用户码道激活检测的装置， 其特征在 于， 该装置包括：
信号分离装置， 用于分离来自接收机接收的至少包含两个用户的无 线信号中的数据序列与训练序列；
信道估计模块， 用于根据信号分离装置输出的训练序列， 进行信道 估计， 获得联合信道响应；
信道响应窗的激活判断模块， 用于根据信道估计模块输出的联合信 道响应， 获得激活的信道响应窗；
扩频码模块， 用于根据信道响应窗的激活判断模块输出的激活的信 道响应窗获得其可能对应的分配扩频码；
扩频码的激活判断模块， 根据激活的信道响应窗的信道响应、 信号 分离装置输出的分离数据序列、 以及扩频码模块输出的可能对应的分配 扩频码， 求出激活的信道响应窗对应的扩频码激活码道并输出。
13、 如权利要求 12所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述信道响应窗的 激活判断模块还包括， 信道响应窗分割模块、 第一计算模块、 以及第一 比较判断模块， 其中，
信道响应窗分割模块， 将信道估计模块输出的联合信道响应按照窗 长分割成各个信道响应窗；
第一计算模块， 计算信道响应窗分割模块输出的各个信道响应窗的 信号功率；
第一比较判断模块， 用于分别比较第一计算模块输出的各个信道响 应窗的信号功率与第一预定门限， 将其中大于第一预定门限的信道响应 窗作为激活的信道响应窗输出至扩频码模块。
14、 如权利要求 12所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述扩频码的激活 判断模块包括， 白化匹配滤波模块、 第二计算模块、 以及第二比较判断 模块， 其中，
白化匹配滤波模块， 将扩频码模块输出的激活的信道响应窗可能对 应的分配扩频码、 信号分离装置输出的分离数据序列、 以及激活的信道 响应窗的信道响应进行白化匹配滤波；
第二计算模块， 计算白化匹配滤波模块输出的各激活的信道响应窗 对应的每个扩频码的匹配数据的功率；
第二比较判断模块， 用于分别比较第二计算模块输出的各个匹配数 据功率与第二预定门限， 将其中大于第二预定门限所对应的码道作为激 活码道输出。
15、 如权利要求 12所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述多用户码道激 活检测的装置还包括信道响应调整模块， 该模块根据扩频码的激活判断 模块输出的各激活的信道响应窗的激活码道数调整激活窗的信道响应。
PCT/CN2004/000561 2003-05-28 2004-05-28 Procede et appareil de detection d'activation d'un canal de code multi-utilisateur dans un systeme de communication sans fil WO2004107624A1 (fr)

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