WO2004092675A2 - Cartouche de generation d’hydrogene pyrotechnique et procede de gestion de la charge d’un accumulateur d’un appareil portable - Google Patents
Cartouche de generation d’hydrogene pyrotechnique et procede de gestion de la charge d’un accumulateur d’un appareil portable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004092675A2 WO2004092675A2 PCT/FR2004/000867 FR2004000867W WO2004092675A2 WO 2004092675 A2 WO2004092675 A2 WO 2004092675A2 FR 2004000867 W FR2004000867 W FR 2004000867W WO 2004092675 A2 WO2004092675 A2 WO 2004092675A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cord
- cartridge
- hydrogen
- accumulator
- cartridge according
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
- H01M8/04216—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes characterised by the choice for a specific material, e.g. carbon, hydride, absorbent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
- C06B47/02—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase the components comprising a binary propellant
- C06B47/10—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase the components comprising a binary propellant a component containing free boron, an organic borane or a binary compound of boron, except with oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/04—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive for producing gas under pressure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
- H01M8/04208—Cartridges, cryogenic media or cryogenic reservoirs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/065—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a pyrotechnic hydrogen generation cartridge, intended to supply a fuel cell of a portable electronic device, comprising at least one solid hydrogen storage body constituted by a pyrotechnic material releasing hydrogen gas by combustion caused by ignition means.
- a cartridge 1 for generating pyrotechnic hydrogen (FIG. 1).
- Document WO 02/090871 describes a cartridge 1 comprising solid bodies 2 for storing hydrogen, constituted by a pyrotechnic active material releasing gaseous hydrogen by combustion caused by ignition means 3 initiated by a management system .
- Hydrogen is generated by an oxidation-reduction reaction between a reducing product carrying hydrogen and a product of oxidizing nature.
- the first compound is chosen from products rich in hydrogen.
- borohydrides are particularly interesting.
- the oxidant and its rate of incorporation into the mixture are defined so as to have a generally reducing mixture. Under these conditions, the oxidizing elements react preferably with hydrogen-bearing elements. It follows a release of hydrogen.
- Each solid body 2 leads to the release of a certain quantity of hydrogen, the pressure of which varies according to the volume available for the intermediate storage of the gas before its consumption by the fuel cell and the speed of this consumption.
- the transitions between the successive combustions of the bodies lead to a discontinuous production of hydrogen. This device therefore does not make it possible to supply the fuel cell in a continuous and stable manner.
- a reduction in the size of the bodies 2 implies several drawbacks: a deterioration in the ratio between the active material and the inactive support material for the solid bodies, - a multiplication of discontinuities of hydrogen production, a complication of the system of management of successive initiations , an increase in the surface exposed to the surface of the cartridge, liable to be degraded by possible contact with the surrounding atmosphere (for example a humid atmosphere).
- the object of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks and, more particularly, to make it possible to supply a fuel cell in a continuous and stable manner.
- this object is achieved by the appended claims and, in particular, by the fact that a solid body is formed by an elongated cord, integrated in a support made of inert material, the ignition means being arranged at near one end of the bead so that a combustion front, corresponding to a section of the bead, propagates along the bead.
- FIG. 1 represents a pyrotechnic hydrogen cartridge according to the prior art.
- Figures 2 and 3 illustrate a pyrotechnic hydrogen cartridge according to the invention, respectively in section and in section along the axis AA.
- Figures 4 to 6 show particular embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 7 represents a method according to the invention. Description of particular embodiments.
- the pyrotechnic hydrogen generation cartridge 1 shown in FIG. 2 comprises a plurality of elongated beads 4, parallel, integrated in a support 5 made of inert material. Firing means 3 are arranged near one end of the elongated bead 4. Thus, after firing, a combustion front propagates along the bead. The combustion front thus moves substantially from one section of the bead to the adjacent section. The dimension of the section of the elongated bead 4 is much less than the length of the bead.
- the generation of hydrogen by the pyrotechnic material is continuous and also regular, stable and at constant flow over time.
- the hydrogen produced can thus be consumed as it is produced by the fuel cell.
- Slow combustion allows thermal energy to be evacuated as and when, by simple heat dissipation in the materials surrounding the cartridge.
- a protective film 6 can cover the ends of the cords. Thus any contact of the active material with the atmosphere is avoided before firing. Connection means of the ignition means 3, shown in FIG. 2, pass through the protective film 6.
- the section of an elongated bead 4 can be constituted by a quadrilateral, for example by a rectangle, represented in FIG. 3, by a parallelogram, a trapezoid or a square.
- the support may include channels in which the elongated cords are arranged.
- Figures 2 and 3 illustrate, for example, elongated channels, each having a rectangular section and being filled with the active material of the bead.
- the channels have outlets arranged on the side of the cartridge which is oriented towards the fuel cell. This ensures a directional release of the gas towards the fuel cell, during operation, and guarantees the gas tightness of the system. Before firing a cord, these outputs are protected by the protective film 6.
- the section of the channels is preferably rectangular or trapezoidal in order to optimize the constructive index of the cartridge, that is to say -to say the ratio between the active mass and the inert mass.
- this type of geometry facilitates the filling of the channels with powdery material over a long length.
- the elongated cords 4 can be U-shaped.
- the length of a cord can be greater than the length of the cartridge 1.
- the ignition being carried out at only one of the ends and the combustion front propagating along the bead, the combustion time can thus be doubled.
- the ignition means 3 extend over the entire section of an elongated cord 4.
- the surface of the section of a bead makes it possible to control the pressure and the temperature generated by combustion.
- the area of the section of the elongated cords 4 shown in FIG. 5 is variable, from a first value close to the ignition means 3, to a second value, less than the first.
- the section is variable, decreasing, from the firing end of the cord to an intermediate zone close to the middle of the cord and remains constant thereafter.
- the hydrogen flow rate is greater in the first moments of combustion and makes it possible to fill dead volumes with hydrogen and a rapid rise in operating pressure.
- the pyrotechnic reaction can release hydrogen under a pressure of a few bars and at a relatively high temperature, of a few hundred degrees Celsius.
- the cartridge can be constituted by several superimposed supports in order to optimize the filling of the cartridge.
- the support 5 is cylindrical and each bead is formed by a circular sector.
- the elongated cords integrated into the mass of the cartridge make it possible to improve the ratio between the active material and the inert material compared to the prior art.
- the risk of contact of the active material with the surrounding atmosphere is limited, because the major part of a bead is protected by the inert material of the cartridge.
- a concrete example can be dimensioned as follows:
- a portable device consumes on average 2 W during operation. Given the efficiency of the fuel cell, it is necessary to supply the cell with approximately 0.2 grams of gaseous hydrogen (0.1 mole of hydrogen) per hour. At atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature, this quantity corresponds to 2.24 liters of gas per hour, or 0.62 cr ⁇ Vs.
- the active material can be a pulverulent material compacted or disposed with a solvent in the cartridge. After removal of solvent, the material has an induced porosity which is reflected in the combustion and makes it possible to evacuate hydrogen. As combustion takes place in parallel layers, the cross-sectional area of the bead multiplied by the rate of combustion of the material directly gives the flow of hydrogen. The combustion speed being dependent on the characteristics of the material and increasing with the surrounding pressure, the pressure must be kept as low as possible in order to extend the operating time.
- the fuel cell 7 can be connected to an accumulator 8, which supplies the portable device 9.
- a management system 10 includes means for detecting the level of discharge of the accumulator.
- the management of the charge of the accumulator consists in comparing the voltage across the terminals of the accumulator 8 to a predetermined threshold and in causing the ignition of a cord 4 when said voltage is below the threshold.
- the total combustion of a cord 4 can, preferably, correspond to a full recharge of the accumulator 8.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR03/04678 | 2003-04-15 | ||
FR0304678A FR2853961A1 (fr) | 2003-04-15 | 2003-04-15 | Cartouche de generation d'hydrogene pyrotechnique et procede de gestion de la charge d'un accumulateur d'un appareil portable |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004092675A2 true WO2004092675A2 (fr) | 2004-10-28 |
WO2004092675A3 WO2004092675A3 (fr) | 2004-11-18 |
Family
ID=33041867
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2004/000867 WO2004092675A2 (fr) | 2003-04-15 | 2004-04-08 | Cartouche de generation d’hydrogene pyrotechnique et procede de gestion de la charge d’un accumulateur d’un appareil portable |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
FR (1) | FR2853961A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2004092675A2 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8137627B2 (en) | 2007-09-05 | 2012-03-20 | Qinetiq Limited | Hydrogen generator and fuel stick |
US8690974B2 (en) | 2007-10-16 | 2014-04-08 | Qinetiq Limited | Hydrogen generators |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112341301A (zh) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-02-09 | 山西壶化集团股份有限公司 | 一种雷管药头保护液及其制备方法 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3898048A (en) * | 1974-03-21 | 1975-08-05 | Us Navy | Light-weight rocket deployable gas generator |
GB2164637A (en) * | 1984-09-21 | 1986-03-26 | Gen Electric | Metallic hydride hydrogen storage for balloon inflation |
GB2165532A (en) * | 1984-10-10 | 1986-04-16 | Gen Electric | Thermochemical hydrogen generator |
WO2002018267A1 (fr) * | 2000-09-01 | 2002-03-07 | Qinetiq Limited | Source d'hydrogene portable |
WO2002090871A1 (fr) * | 2001-05-10 | 2002-11-14 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Module d'approvisionnement en hydrogene d'une mini-pile a combustible avec commande sequentielle d'elements pyrotechniques |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5978903A (ja) * | 1982-10-28 | 1984-05-08 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 水素供給装置 |
-
2003
- 2003-04-15 FR FR0304678A patent/FR2853961A1/fr active Pending
-
2004
- 2004-04-08 WO PCT/FR2004/000867 patent/WO2004092675A2/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3898048A (en) * | 1974-03-21 | 1975-08-05 | Us Navy | Light-weight rocket deployable gas generator |
GB2164637A (en) * | 1984-09-21 | 1986-03-26 | Gen Electric | Metallic hydride hydrogen storage for balloon inflation |
GB2165532A (en) * | 1984-10-10 | 1986-04-16 | Gen Electric | Thermochemical hydrogen generator |
WO2002018267A1 (fr) * | 2000-09-01 | 2002-03-07 | Qinetiq Limited | Source d'hydrogene portable |
WO2002090871A1 (fr) * | 2001-05-10 | 2002-11-14 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Module d'approvisionnement en hydrogene d'une mini-pile a combustible avec commande sequentielle d'elements pyrotechniques |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 008, no. 184 (C-239), 23 août 1984 (1984-08-23) -& JP 59 078903 A (SEKISUI KAGAKU KOGYO KK), 8 mai 1984 (1984-05-08) * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8137627B2 (en) | 2007-09-05 | 2012-03-20 | Qinetiq Limited | Hydrogen generator and fuel stick |
US8690974B2 (en) | 2007-10-16 | 2014-04-08 | Qinetiq Limited | Hydrogen generators |
US9233351B2 (en) | 2007-10-16 | 2016-01-12 | Qinetiq Limited | Hydrogen generators |
US9512003B2 (en) | 2007-10-16 | 2016-12-06 | Qinetiq Limited | Hydrogen generators |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2004092675A3 (fr) | 2004-11-18 |
FR2853961A1 (fr) | 2004-10-22 |
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