WO2004048787A1 - Microactionneur pyrotechnique double effet pour microsysteme et microsysteme utilisant un tel microactionneur - Google Patents
Microactionneur pyrotechnique double effet pour microsysteme et microsysteme utilisant un tel microactionneur Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004048787A1 WO2004048787A1 PCT/FR2003/003404 FR0303404W WO2004048787A1 WO 2004048787 A1 WO2004048787 A1 WO 2004048787A1 FR 0303404 W FR0303404 W FR 0303404W WO 2004048787 A1 WO2004048787 A1 WO 2004048787A1
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- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- microactuator
- chamber
- pipe
- fluid
- Prior art date
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F16K99/0001—Microvalves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15C—FLUID-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR COMPUTING OR CONTROL PURPOSES
- F15C5/00—Manufacture of fluid circuit elements; Manufacture of assemblages of such elements integrated circuits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F16K99/0001—Microvalves
- F16K99/0003—Constructional types of microvalves; Details of the cutting-off member
- F16K99/0015—Diaphragm or membrane valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F16K99/0001—Microvalves
- F16K99/0034—Operating means specially adapted for microvalves
- F16K99/0065—Operating means specially adapted for microvalves using chemical activation
- F16K99/0067—Operating means specially adapted for microvalves using chemical activation actuated by a pyrotechnical charge
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F16K2099/0073—Fabrication methods specifically adapted for microvalves
- F16K2099/008—Multi-layer fabrications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/0036—Switches making use of microelectromechanical systems [MEMS]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/1624—Destructible or deformable element controlled
- Y10T137/1632—Destructible element
- Y10T137/1647—Explosive actuation
Definitions
- microactuators intended to fulfill mechanical, chemical, electrical, thermal or fluidic functions in microsystems, for microelectronic applications such as chips, or biomedical applications such as analysis cards incorporating microfluidics or synthesis chemical like microreactors.
- Microactuators are miniaturized objects, produced in solid supports which can be semiconductor or insulating, with the aim of forming microsystems such as, for example, microvalves or micropumps in fluid microcircuits, or microswitches in electronic microcircuits.
- microactuators using electrostatic, piezoelectric, electromagnetic and bimetallic effects have been around for some time. ' A new generation of microactuators is starting to appear: those using the pyrotechnic effect.
- patent WO 98/22719 describes a miniature valve for filling the reservoir of a transdermal administration device. The operating principle of this valve is based on the fragmentation of a substrate caused by the combustion gases of a pyrotechnic charge, said substrate initially separating a reserve of fluid and an empty reservoir.
- This microvalve can, according to another alternative embodiment, be used with an inflatable envelope. The combustion gases first cause the substrate to rupture and then the envelope to swell in order to push a fluid in order to evacuate it.
- These microvalves have double disadvantage of emitting fragments of substrate in the microcircuit and mixing the combustion gases with the fluid that they are supposed to release.
- US patent 4,111,221 describes a non-miniaturized valve making it possible to interrupt once, the flow of a fluid between three concurrent pipes.
- This valve system includes a gas generator that inflates a bladder that comes to interpose at the intersection between the three pipes to completely close the fluid circuit.
- Various variants, in particular using a piston deforming the bladder under the action of gas are also presented in this document.
- the microactuators involved in the microcircuits must be efficient in terms of the forces they deliver, maintain a reduced bulk and remain a whole and autonomous entity during their operation, without the possibility of breaking up to avoid emitting particles. in the microcircuit in which they are integrated, and without the possibility of seeing the combustion gases pollute said microcircuit.
- the contribution of pyrotechnics allows the microactuators to generate pressure forces 100 to 1000 times higher than those produced by microactuators operating from a piezoelectric or electrostatic source.
- the gases emitted by the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge can also be used to heat a fluid or part of a micromechanism without mixing with it.
- microactuators can be reactivated in reverse, for example, in the case of a microvalve, after opening or closing of a fluid circuit, to obtain respectively the reopening or a new closure of this fluid circuit.
- the object of the invention is therefore to propose an efficient microactuator, of reduced bulk, remaining a whole and autonomous entity during its operation and being able to be activated in the opposite direction.
- a microactuator comprising a so-called main chamber, produced in a solid support and containing a pyrotechnic charge, said main, said main chamber being hermetic and delimited on the one hand by solid walls of the support and on the other hand by a deformable membrane, so that the gases emitted by the combustion of the main pyrotechnic charge make it possible to increase the volume of said main chamber by deformation of said membrane, while keeping the solid walls of the main chamber intact, this microactuator being characterized in that it comprises means for evacuating the gases from the main chamber.
- the gases emitted by the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge have no influence on the geometry of the solid part of the chamber, whether by deformation of the walls or by their fragmentation.
- the means for evacuating the gases emitted by the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge are activated when the membrane is deformed.
- the reduction in the deformation of the membrane then caused by the evacuation of a quantity of gas should be sufficient to activate in the opposite direction the microsystem in which the microactuator according to the invention is used.
- These evacuation means can be actuated on command or according to a variant, when for example a threshold pressure is reached in the main chamber.
- the gas evacuation means comprise an evacuation pipe opening at one end into the main chamber and at another end towards the outside of the support, the pipe being initially closed during the deformation of the membrane, the evacuation means also comprising means for opening the pipe, actuated to allow the evacuation of gases by the pipe from the main chamber towards the outside of the support and thus causing the return of the membrane in its initial position if it is elastic.
- the gas evacuation means comprise at least one evacuation pipe opening at one end into the main chamber and at another end into another chamber, called secondary, hermetic, the evacuation pipe being initially closed during the deformation of the membrane, the evacuation means also comprising means for opening the pipe, actuated to allow the evacuation of gases by the pipe from the main chamber to the secondary chamber and thus reduce the deformation of the membrane sufficient to activate in the opposite direction the microsystem in which the microactuator according to the invention is used.
- the implementation of the microactuator according to these two embodiments makes it possible to obtain a closing or an opening of the fluid microcircuit followed respectively by an opening or a closing of this fluid microcircuit .
- the gas evacuation pipe is formed in the support.
- the secondary chamber is produced in the support.
- the evacuation pipe is closed by a plug.
- the plug consists of a pyrotechnic charge.
- another pyrotechnic charge is housed in one of the two chambers, this secondary pyrotechnic charge being able to allow during its initiation, after the reduction of the deformation of the membrane caused by the gas evacuation in the secondary chamber, a new deformation of the membrane. Thanks to this secondary pyrotechnic charge, the actuator can be reactivated again.
- microactuator as defined above and having this latter feature, makes it possible for example to obtain the closing of a microcircuit of fluid followed by an opening, followed by a new closing of the microcircuit.
- the reverse cycle, opening / closing / opening can also be obtained by adapting the device.
- the different pyrotechnic charges that is to say the main, the secondary and that constituting the plug, are each deposited on a conductive heating track with for example a thickness of deposit less than 200 ⁇ m.
- each of the pyrotechnic charges, main or secondary coats a heating conductive wire passing through the chamber where it is located, the diameter of said wire being between 10 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m.
- the heating conductive track is deposited on the pyrotechnic charge by means of techniques widely proven in the field of microcircuits such as, for example, the deposition of a paint or a conductive ink. by screen printing or ink jet, so as to avoid any direct contact between said heating track and the substrate.
- each of the pyrotechnic charges, main or secondary may have the form of a film covering a cavity dug in the support.
- the configuration to best solve the problem related to thermal losses by conduction therefore consists in depositing the pyrotechnic charge in the form of a film on a cavity of the support and in ensuring its initiation by a conductive heating track itself deposited on said charge. In this way, the direct contacts between the heating track and the support are zero and those between the load and said support are almost non-existent. Due to the miniaturization of pyrotechnic charges, their initiation system must itself be compact, while remaining highly reliable.
- a pyrotechnic charge by other means, and in particular those involving either a piezoelectric crystal or a rough, provided that they meet the double requirement of miniaturization and reliability, either by a laser beam, the light energy then being able to be brought to the pyrotechnic charge by a waveguide or an optical fiber.
- the pyrotechnic charges, main, secondary as well as that constituting the plug are constituted by a composition based on nitrocellulose.
- the pyrotechnic charge is made up of glycidyl polyazide.
- the volume of the main bedroom is less than 1 cm 3 .
- the charge density which is the ratio of the mass of the pyrotechnic charge to the volume of the chamber is between 0.01 ⁇ g / mm 3 and 0.1 mg / m 3 .
- the membrane is flexible and liable to swell under the effect of the gases emitted by the pyrotechnic charge.
- the membrane may have more or less marked extensibility properties.
- the membrane is flexible and folded in said chamber, said membrane being able to unfold under the effect of the gases emitted by the pyrotechnic charge.
- the membrane can either be folded back on itself, or be folded back into the chamber.
- the final volume of the chamber is greater than its initial volume.
- the membrane is made of plastic and / or elastic material, for example teflon or latex.
- the membrane can be entirely or partially covered with a conductive material.
- microactuators can alone perform functions within a microcircuit, such as exerting pressure on a fluid to help move it to evacuate it, but they are more generally intended to be included in microsystems.
- a microsystem is a miniaturized multifunctional device whose maximum dimensions do not exceed a few millimeters.
- a microsystem may, for example, be a microvalve or a micropump, and in the context of an electronic microcircuit a microswitch or a microswitch.
- the microactuators are produced in semiconductor supports, such as those in silicon for example, when it is a microelectronic application. They can be designed in other materials, such as polycarbonate, for other applications and in particular in the biomedical field.
- the conformation of the chamber is such that under the effect of the gases emitted by the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge, it increases its volume.
- the chamber may contain several pyrotechnic charges, not for the purpose of increasing the internal pressure of said chamber by means of a simultaneous ignition of said charges, but so as to maintain a pressure level which is more or less constant over time, for to overcome any premature relaxation of the chamber, in particular in the case of micropumps.
- the initiation of the charges is carried out sequentially, at predetermined time intervals.
- said chamber defines an airtight space once it has expanded. In other words, once the combustion is complete, the chamber remains in a configuration corresponding to a state of maximum expansion.
- the invention therefore also relates to a microsystem including a microactuator according to the invention, this microsystem being characterized in that it comprises a solid part, the deformation of the membrane causing the displacement of the solid part.
- the gases emitted by the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge create an overpressure in the chamber which will tend to expand by deformation of the membrane.
- the membrane then comes into contact with a part placed near the microactuator and when the pressure forces reach a threshold value, they cause said part to move.
- the solid part is capable of obstructing a fluid pipe, following the pivoting of said part under the effect of the combustion gases.
- the microsystem can be likened to a closing microvalve.
- the solid part initially obstructs a fluid pipe and the displacement of said piece by pivoting causes said pipe to open.
- the microsystem can be compared to an opening microvalve.
- the microactuator also comprises means for evacuating gases making it possible to reduce the deformation of the membrane.
- the opening of the evacuation pipe allows the evacuation of gases to the outside of the support or to a secondary chamber. The reduction in the deformation of the membrane is sufficient to cause, according to the first embodiment, the reopening of the fluid microcircuit, or, according to the second embodiment, a new closure of the fluid microcircuit.
- one of the chambers can contain another pyrotechnic charge.
- This second pyrotechnic charge is intended to be initiated after the reduction of the deformation of the membrane, that is to say after the reopening of the fluid microcircuit in the case of the first embodiment or after the new closing of the fluid microcircuit in the case of the second embodiment.
- the initiation of this second charge creates an overpressure of gas in the two chambers, these being connected by the evacuation pipe which is open since the rupture of the plug.
- This overpressure creates a new deformation of the membrane which then moves the solid part again so that the latter, in the case of the first embodiment, closes the microcircuit of fluid or, in the case of the second embodiment, opens the microcircuit again.
- the solid part which obstructs the fluid pipe is surmounted by a flexible protuberance to ensure good sealing at the level of the closure of said pipe, said protuberance being comparable to a plug.
- a flexible membrane is located in an annular space similar to a groove and constituting the main chamber
- the pyrotechnic charge is located in an annular space comparable to a groove of smaller dimension than that in which the flexible membrane is situated and positioned concentrically with respect thereto, the two grooves communicating with each other by at least one opening
- a flat solid part comes to bear against the support by covering the annular space in which the flexible membrane is located, said part itself being covered by an elastic membrane and obstructing a fluid channeling, so that the gases emitted by the combustion of the charge cause the deployment of the flexible membrane located in the annular space and cause the displacement of the flat part, inducing a suction of fluid in the space that the elastic membrane creates by moving away from the support.
- the microsystem can be compared to a vacuum micropump and the use of several pyrotechnic charges with sequential ignition can appear to be particularly appropriate, so as to maintain a minimum threshold pressure level for a certain time, and therefore to avoid premature natural reflux of the fluid.
- the use of means for evacuating gases to the secondary chamber can make it possible to reduce the deformation of the membrane.
- the initiation of a second pyrotechnic charge located in one of the two chambers makes it possible to create an overpressure in the two chambers connected by the evacuation pipe. This overpressure causes a new deformation of the membrane and thus a new suction of fluid in the space that the membrane creates by moving away from the support.
- the microactuator according to the invention can be used in electronic microcircuits by contributing to the production of microsystems such as microswitches or microswitches.
- the membrane which partially delimits the chamber and which is entirely or partially covered with a conductive material can swell or deploy so as to close or open an electric microcircuit.
- the microactuator according to the invention provided with a flexible non-conductive membrane can move a solid conductive part so as to close or open an electric microcircuit or ensure the double function consisting first of opening an electric microcircuit then, then , to close another.
- the great variability of the pyrotechnic compositions which can be integrated into the microactuators according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a very wide range of stresses. This thus makes it possible to use the microactuators according to the invention in a large number of configurations.
- Figure 1 is a longitudinal axial sectional view of a microactuator according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view in longitudinal axial section of a microvalve making it possible to carry out a closing / opening / closing cycle and operating from an improved microactuator according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a view in longitudinal axial section of a closing microvalve operating from a pyrotechnic microactuator as shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a top view of the closing valve of the microvalve of FIG. 3.
- Figure 5 is an axial sectional view longitudinal of an opening microvalve operating from a pyrotechnic microactuator as shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view along the plane VI-VI of the opening microvalve of FIG. 5.
- FIG. 7 is a view in longitudinal axial section of a micropump using a pyrotechnic microactuator as shown in FIG. 1, said microactuator having not yet operated.
- FIG. 8 is a top view of the solid flat part to be moved and belonging to the micropump presented in FIG. 7.
- Figure 9 is a longitudinal axial sectional view of the micropump of Figure 7, the microactuator having operated.
- FIG. 10 is a view in longitudinal axial section of a second alternative embodiment of a micropump using a microactuator according to the invention, said microactuator having operated.
- a microactuator 1 comprises a chamber 2 made in a support 3 of polycarbonate and having a cylindrical shape.
- Said support 3 results from a stack of polycarbonate sheets glued to each other.
- this stacking technique can be used.
- Said chamber 2 which is therefore delimited by the support 3 has a circular face closed by a flexible membrane 4, for example made of latex or teflon, fixed for example by gluing in said support 3.
- Said chamber 2 is traversed by a heating wire 5 coated with a layer of pyrotechnic composition 6 based on nitrocellulose.
- the diameter of the heating wire can be for example between 10 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m.
- the operating mode of this actuator 1 is as follows. An electric current is delivered in the heating wire 5 whose temperature rises until reaching the ignition temperature of the pyrotechnic composition 6. The combustion of said composition 6 causes the production of gases which create an overpressure in the chamber 2 The membrane 4 which is thus stressed reacts by swelling.
- the pyrotechnic charge can be deposited directly on a conductive heating track with a deposit thickness of less than 200 ⁇ m.
- the conductive heating track can be deposited on the load so as to avoid any direct contact between said heating track and the substrate on which the load is deposited.
- These heat losses by conduction could also be reduced, for example by covering a cavity dug in the support with the aid of the load.
- the load will then be for example in the form of a film and the conductive track will be directly deposited on the load. In this configuration, it is noted that the direct contacts between the heating track and the support are zero and those between the load and said support are almost non-existent due to the presence of the cavity.
- the microactuator 7 represents an improved microactuator 7 making it possible to obtain a deformation of the membrane as described with reference to FIG. 1 and a reduction of this deformation.
- this microactuator 7 plays the role of a microvalve in a fluid microcircuit.
- the microactuator 7 according to 1 • invention consists of four superimposed layers 71, 72, 73 and 74, called respectively first layer, second layer, third layer and fourth layer.
- the second, third and fourth layers 72, 73, 74 constitute the support and are for example made of polycarbonate.
- the first layer 71 is made of plastic and / or elastic material, for example teflon or latex.
- On the first layer 71 of the microactuator 7 is present a fifth layer 75 constituting the fluid microcircuit.
- This fifth layer 75 formed by the microcircuit of fluid is crossed transversely by two pipes 750 and 751.
- the two pipes 750 and 751 have one end opening into a recess 752 formed on the face 753 of this fifth layer 75, called the lower face, located vis-à-vis the first layer 71 of the microactuator 7.
- the two pipes 750 and 751 therefore communicate by means of the recess 752.
- a first pipe 750 constitutes for example a fluid inlet towards the recess 752 and the second pipe 751 constitutes a fluid outlet from the recess 752.
- the first layer 71 of the microactuator constitutes a deformable membrane 710 such as that described under reference 4 in FIG. 1.
- the membrane 710 being fixed to the underside 753 of the fifth layer 75, for example by bonding, the deformation of the membrane 710 is only possible in the recess 752 of the fifth layer 75. This deformation may be due, for example, to inflation.
- the second layer 72 consists of a sheet pierced transversely with two holes and a thickness for example equal to 0.5 mm.
- the side walls of a first hole define with the first layer 71 situated above and with the third layer 73 situated below, the main combustion chamber 720 of the microactuator as described with reference to FIG. 1.
- This chamber 720 main therefore includes the pyrotechnic charge 721, said main allowing to obtain the deformation of the membrane 710.
- This main pyrotechnic charge 721 can be initiated according to one of the modes presented above, that is to say with the using a heating wire or a conductive track (not shown in Figure 2).
- the main chamber 720 will for example have a diameter of 0.8 mm.
- the side walls of a second hole define with the first layer 71 located above and with the third layer 73 located below a secondary chamber or reservoir 722 whose role will be explained below.
- This secondary chamber 722 will for example have a diameter equal to 2 mm.
- the third layer 73 consists of a sheet through which a U-shaped pipe 730 is formed, each of whose ends opens into one of the chambers 720 and 722 of the second layer 72.
- This pipe 730 consists of a channel 733 hollowed out on the face of the third layer 73 located opposite the fourth layer 74 and covered by the fourth layer 74 of the microactuator 7.
- Each end of the channel 733 is extended perpendicularly by a conduit 731 and 732, each of the conduits 731 and 732 opening into a chamber 720 and 722 of the second layer 72 of the microactuator.
- This fourth layer 74 consists of a sealing film covering the pipe 730.
- the conduit 731 of the pipe 730 opening into the main chamber 720 is initially closed in a sealed manner, for example by a plug 723. Communication between the two chambers 720 and 722 is therefore impossible.
- a microvalve as shown in Figure 2 operates as follows. An electric current is delivered in the heating wire or the conductive track until the temperature reached is sufficient for the ignition of the main pyrotechnic charge 721 contained in the main chamber 720. The combustion of the main pyrotechnic charge 721 causes the production of gas in the main chamber 720 so as to create an overpressure in this chamber 720. The overpressure causes the deformation of the membrane 710. The deformation of the membrane 710 in response to the pressure of the gases is only possible in the direction of the recess 752 formed in the fifth layer 75. The membrane therefore swells until it comes to settle at the bottom of the recess 752 and thus is interposed between the two pipes 750 and 751.
- the microcircuit of fluid is therefore closed and this closure is maintained by the pressure of the gases contained in the main chamber 720 on the deformable membrane 710.
- the pressure of the gases contained in the main chamber 720 is sufficient to press the membrane 710 at the bottom of the recess 752 and greater than the back pressure exerted on the membrane 710 by the fluid contained in the microcircuit so as to maintain the membrane 710 at the bottom of the recess 752.
- the plug 723 always closes the pipe 730 connecting the two chambers 720 and 722.
- This plug 723 consists for example of a pyrotechnic charge which is deposited on the third layer 73, in front of the entry of the conduit 731 of the evacuation pipe 730.
- This pyrotechnic charge can be initiated by the different modes presented above. The initiation of this charge makes it possible to clear the inlet from the pipe 730 connecting the two chambers 720 and 722.
- the gases generated by the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge constituted by the plug 723 are added to the gases already present coming from the combustion of the main pyrotechnic charge 721.
- the secondary chamber 722 being at a pressure lower than the pressure prevailing in the main chamber 720, the gases contained in the main chamber 720, that is to say those originating from the combustion of the main pyrotechnic charge 721 and those originating from the pyrotechnic charge constituted by the plug 723, can spread through the pipe 730 in the secondary chamber.
- the volume of the secondary chamber 722 is sufficient to obtain a gas pressure between the two chambers 720, 722 which is less than the back pressure exerted on the membrane 710 by the fluid included in the microcircuit.
- a reduction in the deformation of the membrane 710 is obtained which is sufficient to release the orifices formed by the pipes 750, 751 from the microcircuit of fluid.
- This deformation of the membrane 710, towards the outside of the recess 752 causes the valve to open and therefore the two pipes 750 and 751 of the fluid microcircuit to be placed in communication.
- the membrane 710 if it is elastic, returns to its initial position.
- the initiation of the pyrotechnic charge constituting the plug 723 can be carried out on the command of an operator and / or when a threshold pressure is reached in the main chamber 720.
- another pyrotechnic charge 724 can be placed in one of the chambers, main 720 or secondary 722.
- the secondary pyrotechnic charge 724 is placed in the secondary chamber 722.
- This charge pyrotechnic 724 can be initiated according to one of the modes presented above, that is to say using a heating wire or a conductive track.
- the initiation of this new pyrotechnic charge 724 will create an overpressure of gas inside the two chambers 720 and 722, which are now communicating.
- This gas overpressure inside the two chambers 720 and 722 causes a new deformation of the membrane 710.
- the deformation of the membrane 710 is only possible at the level of the recess 752 created in the fifth layer 75.
- the the membrane therefore swells inside the recess under the pressure of the gases until it is pressed into the bottom of the recess 752 and plugs the end of the pipes 750 and 751 opening into the recess 752.
- the pressure gas inside the two chambers 720, 722 is again sufficient to deform the membrane 710 and greater than the back pressure exerted on the membrane 710 by the fluid contained in the microcircuit.
- the pyrotechnic charges 721 and 724, main and secondary, used must be placed in the chambers in sufficient quantity to allow deformation of the membrane and avoid material deterioration. They will for example be deposited on the third layer 73 and initiated according to one of the modes presented above.
- the mass of the main pyrotechnic charge 721 will depend on the volume of the main chamber 720 in which it is located, on the volume of gas necessary for the deformation of the membrane 710 and on the back pressure exerted on the membrane 710 by the contained fluid. in the microcircuit.
- the mass of the secondary pyrotechnic charge 724 will depend on the volume of the two chambers 720 and 722, on the mass of the main pyrotechnic charge 721 as well as on the mass of the pyrotechnic charge constituting the plug 723. These two charges as well as that constituting the plug 723 are deposited on the third layer, for example each on a separate cavity to avoid thermal losses by conduction.
- the invention it is also possible to provide a certain number of other chambers, of the type of the secondary chamber 722, connected to the main chamber 720 by a pipe initially closed by a pyrotechnic charge, this number depending on the number of cycles. closing / opening that one wishes to achieve.
- the volume of these chambers must be increasing so as to always be able to obtain, when one of them is opened, a gas pressure in all the communicating chambers which is less than the back pressure exerted on the membrane 710 by the fluid contained in the microcircuit.
- a closing microvalve 10 is produced in a polycarbonate support and comprises a microactuator 1 similar to that described with reference to FIG. 1 and located near a microcircuit of fluid 11.
- This microcircuit of fluid 11 comprises a straight line 12 passing through a cylindrical chamber 14 situated in the extension of the cylindrical chamber 2 of the microactuator 1, and having approximately the same diameter, the two chambers 2.14 being separated from each other by the membrane 4 of the microactuator 1.
- the chamber 14 which is traversed by the pipe 12 is filled with fluid and contains a valve 15 for closing.
- the valve 15 is constituted by a flat solid piece pierced transversely with a circular hole.
- Two perpendicular branches 18 integral with the solid part follow two diameters of the hole. At the intersection of these two branches 18 is placed a rounded part 16.
- the fluid can circulate between the membrane 4 and the pipe 12 passing between the branches of the solid part supporting the rounded part 16.
- Said rounded part 16 which is produced made of flexible material, such as rubber, is therefore not in direct contact with the membrane 4.
- the volume of the chamber 2 is 0.3 mm 3 and the mass of the pyrotechnic charge 6 is 0.5 ⁇ g.
- the operating mode of this closing microvalve 10 is as follows.
- the ignition of the pyrotechnic charge 6 causes an overpressure in the chamber 2 which then causes the displacement in translation of the valve 15 in the chamber 14 filled with fluid. This displacement takes place until the flexible part 16 comes to be embedded in the pipe 12 interrupting the circulation of fluid.
- the part of the pipe intended to receive the flexible part 16 is slightly flared so as to ensure a tight closure of the pipe.
- the valve 15 does not return to its initial position, since the chamber 2 defines a hermetic space.
- an evacuation of gases to the outside or to a secondary chamber of the type described with reference to FIG. 2 can also be envisaged for this embodiment.
- a second pyrotechnic charge may be provided inside one of the chambers so as to obtain, after its initiation, a new deformation of the membrane 4. The initiation of this second pyrotechnic charge makes it possible to create a new overpressure in the two communicating chambers and therefore obtain a new deformation of the membrane 4.
- the microvalve 10 will be able to carry out a closing / opening / closing cycle of the pipe 12.
- an opening microvalve 20 is produced in a polycarbonate support and comprises a microactuator 1 similar to that described in the paragraph relating to FIG. 1 and located near a microcircuit of fluid.
- a flexible polycarbonate strip 21 secured to the support made of the same material.
- the flexible strip 21 is a flat piece of constant thickness, having a rounded body 22 extended by a narrower elongated part 23 having a rounded end.
- the strip 21 is secured to the support by means of a tab 24, of smaller thickness.
- This tongue 24 connects more precisely said support to the end of the rounded body 22 of the strip 21, the furthest from the rounded end of the narrower part 23 which extends it.
- the rounded end of said narrow portion 23 carries a flexible protuberance 25 of approximately hemispherical shape, said protuberance 25 closing a pipe 26. The effort necessary to maintain the seal, even in the event of back pressure due to the the pipe 26 is obtained by an initial bending of the strip 21.
- the operating mode of this opening microvalve 20 is as follows.
- the ignition of the pyrotechnic charge 6 leads to an overpressure in the chamber 2 which then causes the swelling of the membrane 4 which abuts against the flexible strip 21.
- the inflated membrane 4 is shown in dotted lines in FIG. 5.
- the pressure forces exerted on said strip 21 cause it to pivot around the tongue 24 which connects it to the support, allowing the opening of the pipe 26 initially closed by the protuberance 25 of said strip 21.
- the strip 21 remains rigid without deforming and therefore plays the role of a pivoting valve.
- an evacuation of gases to the outside or to a secondary chamber of the type described with reference to FIG. 2 can also be envisaged for this embodiment.
- a vacuum micropump 40 comprises a microactuator 60 according to the invention, produced in a support 61 made of polycarbonate, for example by stacking and gluing of sheets, and comprising a flexible membrane 62 situated in an annular space 63 similar to a throat. More specifically, said membrane 62 lines the bottom of the groove 63 while being fixed to said groove 63 at its upper part.
- a pyrotechnic charge is located in an annular space similar to a groove of smaller dimension than that 63 in which the membrane 62 is located and positioned relative to the latter 63 concentrically, the two grooves communicating with each other by four regularly openings spaced on a circular wall separating the two grooves.
- the groove enclosing the pyrotechnic charge is buried in the support 61 while the groove 63 which is covered by the flexible membrane 62 is open at its upper part.
- a sheet 64 of the support 61 in polycarbonate covers said groove 63.
- On the other side of the sheet 64 is formed, in the support 61, a cylindrical free space 65 whose diameter is greater than that of said sheet 64, said space 65 having two vents 66.
- the sheet 64 is covered with an elastic membrane 67, of circular shape, and of diameter greater than that of the free space 65 situated beyond said sheet 64. Said elastic membrane 67 is fixed in said space free 65, in its part closest to the sheet 64.
- a fluid pipeline 68 hollowed out in the support 61 at the level of the central part of the groove containing the pyrotechnic charge, opens into the free space 65 of said support 61.
- said sheet 64 is cut so that it consists of a strip annular 80 flat, peripheral, connected to a central flat disc 81 by means of four deformable strands 82 in the form of an S.
- the central disc 81 completely covers the annular groove 63. Between said central flat disc 81 and the peripheral annular band 80 remains an empty annular space 83.
- the operating mode of this type of vacuum micropump is as follows. Referring to FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge generates gases which invade, through the four openings, the external groove 63 lined with the flexible membrane 62 which, immediately, begins a reversal phase to finish by emerge from said groove 63 in which it was, in the form of a pneumatic bead 69 shown in FIG. 9. The formation of this bead 69 causes the disc 81 of the sheet 64 to move. The movement of said disc
- a second alternative embodiment of a micropump 100 using a microactuator according to the invention differs from the micropump described above only at the level of the sheet.
- the sheet 102 is in the form of a flat disc
- an evacuation of gases to the outside or to a secondary chamber of the type described with reference to FIG. 2 can also be envisaged in these two variants of micropump 40 and 100.
- a pipe connects the annular chamber 63 has a secondary chamber. The pipe is closed during the first deformation of the membrane 62 creating the suction of the fluid.
- the evacuation of gases to the outside or the expansion of the gases caused by the communication between the annular chamber and the secondary chamber will cause the membrane 62 to deflate and therefore reduce its deformation.
- a second pyrotechnic charge may be provided 1 * inside 1 • one of the rooms so as to obtain after its initiation, a new deformation of the membrane 62.
- the initiation of the second pyrotechnic charge makes it possible to create a new overpressure in the two chambers in communication and therefore to obtain a new swelling of the membrane 62.
- the swelling of the membrane 62 induces a new aspiration of fluid into the space that the elastic membrane 67 creates by moving away from the support 61.
- the micropump 40 and 100 will be able to carry out two successive aspirations of liquid.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
- Actuator (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003295019A AU2003295019A1 (en) | 2002-11-19 | 2003-11-18 | Double-effect pyrotechnic micro-actuator for microsystem and microsystem using same |
EP03786011A EP1563193A1 (fr) | 2002-11-19 | 2003-11-18 | Microactionneur pyrotechnique double effet pour microsysteme et microsysteme utilisant un tel microactionneur |
JP2004554601A JP4568606B2 (ja) | 2002-11-19 | 2003-11-18 | マイクロシステムに使用するための、二つの効果を有する火薬式(pyrotechnic)マイクロアクチュエーター、及び、これを使用したマイクロシステム |
US10/531,947 US7134445B2 (en) | 2002-11-19 | 2003-11-18 | Double-effect pyrotechnic microactuator for microsystem and microsystem using same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0214459A FR2847246B1 (fr) | 2002-11-19 | 2002-11-19 | Microactionneur pyrotechnique double effet pour microsysteme et microsysteme utilisant un tel microactionneur |
FR02/14459 | 2002-11-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004048787A1 true WO2004048787A1 (fr) | 2004-06-10 |
Family
ID=32187724
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2003/003404 WO2004048787A1 (fr) | 2002-11-19 | 2003-11-18 | Microactionneur pyrotechnique double effet pour microsysteme et microsysteme utilisant un tel microactionneur |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7134445B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1563193A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4568606B2 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2003295019A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2847246B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2004048787A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2865508B1 (fr) * | 2004-01-27 | 2006-03-03 | Snpe Materiaux Energetiques | Microsysteme pyrotechnique et procede de fabrication d'un microsysteme. |
US7832429B2 (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2010-11-16 | Rheonix, Inc. | Microfluidic pump and valve structures and fabrication methods |
DE102005051657A1 (de) * | 2005-10-28 | 2007-05-03 | GM Global Technology Operations, Inc., Detroit | Pyrotechnischer Aktuator |
US8152136B2 (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2012-04-10 | The Hong Kong Polytechnic University | Polymer microvalve with actuators and devices |
WO2010011366A1 (fr) * | 2008-02-12 | 2010-01-28 | Pacific Scientific Energetic Materials Company | Dispositif de mise à feu par arme et procédés pour systèmes pyrotechniques |
US9395050B2 (en) | 2010-05-21 | 2016-07-19 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Microfluidic systems and networks |
US9963739B2 (en) | 2010-05-21 | 2018-05-08 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Polymerase chain reaction systems |
US9090084B2 (en) | 2010-05-21 | 2015-07-28 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Fluid ejection device including recirculation system |
US10132303B2 (en) | 2010-05-21 | 2018-11-20 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Generating fluid flow in a fluidic network |
US20120181460A1 (en) * | 2011-01-14 | 2012-07-19 | Integenx Inc. | Valves with Hydraulic Actuation System |
CN115646563A (zh) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-01-31 | 广州迪澳医疗科技有限公司 | 一种微流控芯片及其制备方法 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3787074A (en) * | 1971-05-28 | 1974-01-22 | Allied Chem | Multiple pyro system |
US4111221A (en) * | 1976-01-28 | 1978-09-05 | Olsen Charles R | Low restriction, normally open valve construction having a deformable bladder |
WO1998022719A1 (fr) * | 1996-11-21 | 1998-05-28 | Laboratoires D'hygiene Et De Dietetique (L.H.D.) | Vanne miniature pour le remplissage du reservoir d'un appareil d'administration transdermique de medicament |
WO2002088551A1 (fr) * | 2001-04-27 | 2002-11-07 | SNPE Matériaux Energétiques | Microactionneurs pyrotechniques pour microsystèmes. |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3184097A (en) * | 1962-01-19 | 1965-05-18 | Earl E Kilmer | Valve with exploding diaphragm |
US3478760A (en) * | 1966-05-17 | 1969-11-18 | Thiokol Chemical Corp | Hermetically sealed valve means |
US4537231A (en) * | 1983-08-29 | 1985-08-27 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Dispenser apparatus for simultaneously dispensing predetermined equal volumes of liquid including a disposable dispenser module |
JP2001150391A (ja) * | 1999-11-25 | 2001-06-05 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 半導体マイクロアクチュエータ |
WO2002070932A2 (fr) * | 2001-03-07 | 2002-09-12 | INSTITUT FüR MIKROTECHNIK MAINZ GMBH | Microvanne |
JP2004045055A (ja) * | 2002-07-08 | 2004-02-12 | Kobe Steel Ltd | マイクロピペット |
-
2002
- 2002-11-19 FR FR0214459A patent/FR2847246B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-11-18 US US10/531,947 patent/US7134445B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-11-18 JP JP2004554601A patent/JP4568606B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-11-18 WO PCT/FR2003/003404 patent/WO2004048787A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2003-11-18 EP EP03786011A patent/EP1563193A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-11-18 AU AU2003295019A patent/AU2003295019A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3787074A (en) * | 1971-05-28 | 1974-01-22 | Allied Chem | Multiple pyro system |
US4111221A (en) * | 1976-01-28 | 1978-09-05 | Olsen Charles R | Low restriction, normally open valve construction having a deformable bladder |
WO1998022719A1 (fr) * | 1996-11-21 | 1998-05-28 | Laboratoires D'hygiene Et De Dietetique (L.H.D.) | Vanne miniature pour le remplissage du reservoir d'un appareil d'administration transdermique de medicament |
WO2002088551A1 (fr) * | 2001-04-27 | 2002-11-07 | SNPE Matériaux Energétiques | Microactionneurs pyrotechniques pour microsystèmes. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050257829A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
FR2847246B1 (fr) | 2005-07-08 |
JP4568606B2 (ja) | 2010-10-27 |
FR2847246A1 (fr) | 2004-05-21 |
US7134445B2 (en) | 2006-11-14 |
JP2006510854A (ja) | 2006-03-30 |
EP1563193A1 (fr) | 2005-08-17 |
AU2003295019A1 (en) | 2004-06-18 |
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