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WO2004012702A1 - New sexual-dysfunction-compound-containing rapid-onset pharmaceutical formulations comprising cocoa powder and use thereof - Google Patents

New sexual-dysfunction-compound-containing rapid-onset pharmaceutical formulations comprising cocoa powder and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004012702A1
WO2004012702A1 PCT/SE2003/001022 SE0301022W WO2004012702A1 WO 2004012702 A1 WO2004012702 A1 WO 2004012702A1 SE 0301022 W SE0301022 W SE 0301022W WO 2004012702 A1 WO2004012702 A1 WO 2004012702A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
around
compound
sexual
composition according
dysfunction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2003/001022
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Nils-Olof Lindberg
Katarina Lindell
Kristina Thyresson
Alice C. Martino
Original Assignee
Pfizer Health Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pfizer Health Ab filed Critical Pfizer Health Ab
Priority to CA002495527A priority Critical patent/CA2495527C/en
Priority to NZ537520A priority patent/NZ537520A/en
Priority to BR0313224-2A priority patent/BR0313224A/en
Priority to JP2004525901A priority patent/JP2005539008A/en
Priority to EP03733755A priority patent/EP1539096A1/en
Priority to CN038188910A priority patent/CN1674866B/en
Priority to MXPA05000978A priority patent/MXPA05000978A/en
Priority to AU2003239038A priority patent/AU2003239038B2/en
Publication of WO2004012702A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004012702A1/en
Priority to IL16603104A priority patent/IL166031A0/en
Priority to ZA2005/00051A priority patent/ZA200500051B/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
    • A61K31/4738—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4745—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems condensed with ring systems having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. phenantrolines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/437—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. indolizine, beta-carboline
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
    • A61K9/0056—Mouth soluble or dispersible forms; Suckable, eatable, chewable coherent forms; Forms rapidly disintegrating in the mouth; Lozenges; Lollipops; Bite capsules; Baked products; Baits or other oral forms for animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
    • A61K9/006—Oral mucosa, e.g. mucoadhesive forms, sublingual droplets; Buccal patches or films; Buccal sprays
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • A61P15/10—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for impotence
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2068—Compounds of unknown constitution, e.g. material from plants or animals

Definitions

  • New sexual-dysfunct ⁇ on-compound-containing rapid-onset pharmaceutical formulations comprising cocoa powder and use thereof
  • This invention relates to novel rapid-onset orally administered pharmaceutical compositions of sexual dysfunction (SD) compounds and use thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to compositions comprising SD compounds and cocoa powder, methods to prepare said compositions, and to methods for using said compositions in sexual dysfunction therapy, including enhancement of sexual desire, and interest or performance.
  • SD sexual dysfunction
  • PDE5 phospho- diesterase type 5
  • cyclic AMP activators e.g., cyclic AMP activators
  • ⁇ -adrenergic antagonists e.g., yohimbine
  • dopaminergic agonists e.g., apomorphine.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and are H, C 1-6 alkyl (optionally phenyl substituted), C 3-5 alkenyl or alkynyl or C 3-1 o cycloalkyl, or where R is as above and R 1 and R 2 are cyclized with the attached N atom to form pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, 4-methylpiperazinyl or imidazolyl groups;
  • X is H, F, CI, Br, I, OH, C ⁇ -6 alkyl or alkoxy, CN, carboxamide, carboxyl or (C ⁇ -6 alkyl)carbonyl;
  • WO 00/40226 further contemplates prescription of the drag (R)-5,6-dihydro-5-(methylammo)-4H-imidazo[4,5-t ]-qumolin-2(lH)-one (Z)-2-butenedioate (1:1) to male and female subjects at a dose of 1-3 mg, to be taken 0.5-1 h before engaging in sexual activity, and indicates that at such a dose and timing of administration the drag is therapeutically effective. No information is provided as to the route of administration or nature of dosage form.
  • sexual dysfunction as addressed herein comprises sexual disorders including, without limitation, hypoactive sexual desire disorder, female sexual arousal disorder, male erectile disorder, female orgasmic disorder and male orgasmic disorder, all as defined in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) (1994), and DSM-IN Guidebook (1995), both published by American Psychiatric Press, Inc., Washington, DC.
  • sexual disorders including, without limitation, hypoactive sexual desire disorder, female sexual arousal disorder, male erectile disorder, female orgasmic disorder and male orgasmic disorder, all as defined in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) (1994), and DSM-IN Guidebook (1995), both published by American Psychiatric Press, Inc., Washington, DC.
  • sexual dysfunction as addressed herein comprises diminish- ment of sexual desire, interest and/or function arising from primary diseases or conditions that are not sexual disorders in a strict sense.
  • diseases and conditions include, without limitation, epilepsy, craniopharyngioma, hypogonadism and general psychiatric disorders such as depression.
  • Sexual dysfunction as addressed herein additionally com- prises sexual de iciencies following hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy as well as those arising as side effects of medication.
  • European Patent Application No. 0 960 621 discloses that sildenafil citrate has an unpleasant taste that cannot be completely masked by flavoring agents, and proposes rapidly disintegrating oral dosage forms of sildenafil in the form of its free base, which has extremely low solubility in water and is virtually tasteless.
  • WO 99/66933 proposes intranasal administration of sildenafil, illustratively in the form of salts such as the hydrochloride salt, for treatment of erectile dysfunction.
  • Dosage forms proposed include a nasal spray and an aqueous nasal gel. Aqueous solutions are said to be preferred. Rapid onset of therapeu- tic effect is contemplated; however, no solution is suggested to the problem of unpleasant taste arising from drainage of the drug into the mouth. Further, intranasal administration is not a sufficiently discreet way of administering SD compounds.
  • Dosage rates are contemplated in WO 99/66933 to be lower than are required when the drug is orally administered; a 30 mg dose of sildenafil hydrochloride in the form of a nasal spray is exemplified. Also exemplified is a nasal spray formulation delivering 30 mg of sildenafil hydrochloride and 1 mg of apomorphine hydrochloride.
  • European Patent Application No. 0 992240 discloses cGMP-PDE inhibitory compounds said to be useful in treatment of male erectile dysfunction and proposes transmucomembranous administration, for example in the form of sublingual prepa- rations, of such compounds.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,985,889 to El-Rashidy et al. proposes sublingual administration of apomorphine for treatment of male psychogenic erectile dysfunction.
  • Various sublingual tablet formulations of apomorphine hydrochloride are disclosed therein.
  • WO 00/35457 proposes use of apomorphine for treatment of male organic, e.g., vasculogenic, erectile dysfunction, and exemplifies use of a sublingual tablet formulation of apomo ⁇ hine hydrochloride.
  • WO 00/35457 further suggests that nausea, a common side effect of apomorphine, can be controlled by inclusion of an anti-emetic agent such as nicotine in the formulation.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,121,276 to El-Rashidy & Ronsen discloses flavored sublingual tablets containing apomorphine hydrochloride and nicotine.
  • International Patent Publication No. WO 01/49292 discloses sublingual tablets of apomorphine providing prolonged release of the drug, said to be useful in treatment of Parkinson's disease.
  • International Patent Publication No. WO 00/42992 discloses a dosage unit comprising a water-soluble hydrocoUoid and sildenafil citrate in a mucoadhesive film said to be suitable for application to the oral mucosa.
  • Pharmacokinetic data presented in WO 00/42992 indicate no faster absorption into the bloodstream with sublingual application of such a film than with a commercial tablet formulation of sildenafil citrate (Viagra®) at the same dosage.
  • International Patent Publication No. WO 02/05820 discloses film dosage forms comprising sildenafil citrate. These dosage forms are prepared by mixing a solid dispersion of sildenafil citrate and a water soluble sugar with a hydrocoUoid and optionally other ingredients, and are said, upon placement on a mucosal surface, to form a coating that subsequently disintegrates and dissolves to release sildenafil.
  • International Patent Publication No. WO 02/041840 discloses the use of cocoa powder as a flavorant, though not a taste-masker, in chewing gums for sildenafil citrate.
  • Chocolate which is very different from cocoa powder as such, has very rarely been used as an ingredient in pharmaceutical products on the market, hitherto only in laxatives.
  • Ex-Lax being chocolated laxative pieces marketed by Novartis comprising sennosides. Purex, a laxative wherein phenolphthalein was formulated with chocolate, was marketed in the 1950s.
  • the present invention provides an orally administered rapid-onset pharmaceutical composition useful for treatment of sexual dysfunction, stimulation of sexual activity and enhancement of sexual desire, interest and performance in men and women.
  • the composition is a dosage form comprising a therapeutically or sexual-stimulatorily effective amount of one or more SD compounds.
  • a "therapeutically effective amount” herein is an amount sufficient to improve sexual desire, interest or performance in a subject having a sexual dysfunction condition.
  • a "sexual-stimulatorily effective amount” herein is an amount sufficient to improve sexual desire, and interest or performance in a subject whether or not the subject has a sexual dysfunction condition.
  • Suitable such SD compounds are chosen from the below agents, but are not limited thereto:
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and are H, C ⁇ -6 alkyl (optionally phenyl substituted), C 3-5 alkenyl or alkynyl or C 3- ⁇ o cycloalkyl, or where R 3 is as above and R 1 and R 2 are cyclized with the attached N atom to form pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, 4-methylpiperazinyl or imidazolyl groups;
  • X is H, F, CI, Br, I, OH, C ⁇ -6 alkyl or alkoxy, CN, carboxamide, carboxyl or (Ci. 6 alkyl)carbonyl;
  • a suitable dosing is from around 0.1 mg to around 10 mg per dose.
  • X is O or S, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • a suitable dosing is from around 0.05 mg to around 10 mg per dose.
  • a compound chosen from phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors such as sildenafil in base form and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, including sildena- fil citrate marketed under the trademark Niagra®, vardenafil marketed as ⁇ uviva and tadalafil marketed as Cialis ® .
  • Suitable dosing is from around 5 mg to around 100 mg per dose.
  • a compound chosen from cyclic AMP activators is selected from cyclic AMP activators.
  • the amount of the SD compound, salt, complex or mixture thereof be lower than an amount causing significant side effects.
  • a particularly useful dosage form of the present invention is a formulation that disintegrates or melts in the mouth without need for drinking water or other fluid.
  • Preferred dosage forms are tablets, sublingual tablets and lozenges. Chewing gums are not preferred dosage forms.
  • the invention is adapted for discreet self-administration.
  • discreet self- administration herein is meant self-administration shortly prior to sexual activity in a way that does not draw attention of a sexual partner to, or emphasize, the existence of a sexual dysfunction, a need for therapy or a need or desire for enhancement of sexual performance.
  • the combination of discreetness and rapid onset that is permitted by the present invention provides a benefit in spontaneity; by contrast, prior art compositions for treating sexual dysfunction can be seriously compromised in their effectiveness if their self-administration requires premeditation and/or cannot be done discreetly, such self-administration being thereby not conducive to spontaneity.
  • compositions of the present invention for treatment of sexual dysfunction and for enhancement of sexual desire, and interest or performance, and a method of use of a composition of the inven- tion for preparing a medicament.
  • Other features of this invention will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.
  • compositions for the therapeutic delivery of SD compounds are provided.
  • Said compositions comprising SD compounds provide rapid transmucosal absorption in the oral cavity.
  • the SD compounds of the present invention include the parent forms as well as salts and complexes of the parent forms.
  • An object of the invention is to provide new pharmaceutical compositions of SD compounds for uptake buccaly or by other mucosa in the oral cavity, especially such compositions comprising a large percentage of cocoa powder.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide methods for preparing said compositions.
  • a third object of the invention is methods for using said formulations in sexual dysfunction therapy, including enhancement of sexual desire, and interest or performance. Further objects of the invention will become apparent to one skilled in the art, and still other objects will become apparent hereinafter from the specification and claims.
  • composition according to the present invention provides for rapid onset of the pharmacological effect
  • rapid-onset means that a therapeutic effect is achieved within a short period of time, for example less than about 1 hour, preferably less than 30 minutes, following administration.
  • SD- compound-containing composition for transmucosal, preferably buccal, delivery, that disintegrates and/or melts at body temperature with or without the aid of salivary fluid or mechanical erosion, or a combination thereof after which the formulation preferably shows adhesiveness towards the tissues in the oral cavity.
  • buffering agents provides for a transient change in local pH of the saliva. Thereby a higher fraction of the active agent is transformed into its less ionized form. Thereupon the transmucousal permeation is facilitated, which enhances the absorption of the active agent.
  • the choice of the buffering system is dependent on the one or more pK a S of the active agent.
  • cocoa powder acts as filler/diluent as well as taste masking or flavoring agent and agent for providing a smooth texture. No similar formulations have been disclosed hitherto.
  • a preferred formulation is a composition, weighing around 400 mg - 500 mg, having the following ingredients:
  • composition should comprise at least 15 % by weight of cocoa powder.
  • Cocoa powder is defined as cocoa nib with some fat removed and ground into a powder. Cocoa nib is defined as cocoa beans with the shell removed. Cocoa butter is defined as fat expelled from the center (kernels or nib) of cocoa beans.
  • Cocoa powder is prepared from roasted cocoa beans. It is a complex compound, which consists of starch, cocoa butter, amino acids, proteins, xanthines, amines, mono- and polysaccharides, phospholipids, flavonoids, pyrazines, etc.
  • Preferred fatty components are fats/lipids chosen from tempering fats, including cocoa butter equivalents (CBE) and cocoa butter improvers (CBI), and non-tempering fats, including cocoa butter replacers (CBR) and cocoa butter substitutes (CBS).
  • tempering fats including cocoa butter equivalents (CBE) and cocoa butter improvers (CBI)
  • CBR cocoa butter replacers
  • CBS cocoa butter substitutes
  • chocolate is defined as a product obtained from cocoa nib, cocoa mass powder and sucrose with or without added cocoa butter, having a minimum dry cocoa solids content of 35%, at least 14% of dry non-fat cocoa solids and 18% cocoa butter.
  • Chocolate has two major distinguishing characteristics: its flavor and its texture. A primary feature of the texture is that the chocolate must be solid at a temperature of 20 - 25°C and yet melt rapidly in the mouth at 37°C thereby being transferred to a liquid, which appears smooth to the tongue.
  • the processing of chocolate is related to obtaining these two criteria (ibid, p 2).
  • cocoa content of milk chocolate is comparatively low (a cocoa mass content of 10 - 16%, corresponding to approximately 5 - 8% cocoa powder).
  • the beans'/cocoa mass' content of dark, bitter- sweet chocolate is 55 - 70% (Beckett, pp. 276 - 277), corresponding to approximately 28 - 35% cocoa powder.
  • Example 1 Preparation of a preferred embodiment A composition, weighing around 400 mg, having the following preferred composition (w/w):
  • Diluent/filler and flavoring/taste- masking agent and agent for providing a smooth texture cocoa powder around 50%
  • Lipid ingredient cocoa butter equivalents (CBE) around 44%
  • Buffering agent sodium carbonate around 4%
  • Emulsifier/solubilizer lecithin around 1%
  • Flavoring agent mint or vanilla flavor 0,5% is prepared in the following way:
  • a part of the CBE is melted.
  • the solid components i e the SD compound, cocoa powder, aspartame, sodium carbonate and the flavoring agent if solid, are added and mixed.
  • a reduction of particle size of the solid components is performed by milling in a roll-refiner. If the solid components have already got the required particle size, e g by milling before the mixing with the fatty components, roll refining is dispensed with. After treatment in the roll-refiner the mixture is mixed with the rest of the melted fatty components or remelted (if solidified) and mixed with the rest of the melted CBE.
  • a mixing of the melt is performed in a suitable mixer.
  • the liquid components, i e lecithin and the flavoring agent if liquid, are added. Tablets or other solid dosage forms are subsequently made using suitable techniques, such as molding, extrusion or congealing, including pastiUation, when necessary after suitable preconditioning. Also other suitable manufacturing methods may be used.
  • Example 2 Preparation of a further embodiment
  • a composition with a weight from around 400 mg to around 500 mg having the below ingredients: from 0.25 mg to around 10 mg thereof of a compound of above formula (II), around 50% (w/w) cocoa powder, around 44% (w/w) cocoa butter equivalents (CBE), around 4% (w/w) sodium carbonate, around 0,6% (w/w) aspartame and/or acesulfame potassium, and around 1% (w/w) lecithin.
  • a compound of above formula (II) around 50% (w/w) cocoa powder, around 44% (w/w) cocoa butter equivalents (CBE), around 4% (w/w) sodium carbonate, around 0,6% (w/w) aspartame and/or acesulfame potassium, and around 1% (w/w) lecithin.
  • Example 3 Preparation of a still further embodiment In essentially the same way as in Example 1 is manufactured a composition with the below contents:
  • Active A SD-compound in a therapeutically sufficient amount.
  • Buffering agent from 0 % to around 10% (w/w),
  • Sweetener from around 0.3% to around 3% (w/w),
  • Emulsifier/solubilizer from around 0.3% to around 5% (w/w)
  • Flavoring agent from 0 % to around 4% (w/w).
  • Useful embodiments are obtained by exchanging some of the excipients in the embodiments of the above examples for equivalently functioning alternative compounds.
  • a small part of the cocoa powder may be exchanged for one or more of the compounds fractose, glucose, galactose, lactose, maltose, invert sugar, a pharmaceutically acceptable polyol such as xylitol, sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol, isomalt and glycerol, or polydextrose, or any mixture thereof, but only to such an extent that the taste-masking effect of the cocoa-powder remains sufficient.
  • fractose glucose, galactose, lactose, maltose, invert sugar
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable polyol such as xylitol, sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol, isomalt and glycerol, or polydextrose, or any mixture thereof, but only to such an extent that the taste-masking effect of the cocoa-powder remains sufficient.
  • the lipid ingredient being fatty components, may be chosen from one or more of the following compounds: cocoa butter and cocoa butter alternatives, including cocoa butter equivalents (CBE), cocoa butter substitutes (CBS), cocoa butter replacers (CBR) and cocoa butter improvers (CBI),
  • cocoa butter equivalents CBE
  • cocoa butter substitutes CBS
  • cocoa butter replacers CBR
  • cocoa butter improvers CBI
  • the buffer sodium carbonate may be exchanged for carbonates, bicarbonates, acetates, gluconates, glycerophosphates, phosphates or glycinates of sodium, potassium or ammonium, or mixtures thereof. Most phosphates are though less suitable because their taste usually is disagreeable and difficult to mask.
  • the sweetener aspartame may entirely or in part be exchanged for one or more other artificial sweeteners, such as acesulfame potassium, saccharine, sodium saccharine, cyclamate and glycyrrhizine and/or salts thereof.
  • other artificial sweeteners such as acesulfame potassium, saccharine, sodium saccharine, cyclamate and glycyrrhizine and/or salts thereof.
  • the emulsifier lecithin is preferably soy lecithin and/or egg lecithin, but may be exchanged for
  • nonio ic surfactant such as poloxamer, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene castor oil derivative, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, monoglyce- ride, diglyceride and esther thereof, polyoxyethylene stearate, polyglycerolester of fatty acids (including polyglycerolpolyricinoleic acid (PGPR)), sorbitan fatty acid ester, - an anionic surf ctant, such as atty acid, soap of fatty acid, lactylate, especially sodium and/or calcium stearoyllactylate, sodium lauryl sulfate and laranol,
  • PGPR polyglycerolpolyricinoleic acid
  • zwitterionic surfactant such as zwitterionic phospholipid, such as phosphati- dylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, or mixtures, fractions or derivatives thereof or with lecithin.
  • compositions comprising other SD compounds may be manufactured.
  • the dose range and the percentages of the excipients should in such cases be accordingly adjusted.

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Abstract

A sexual-dysfunction-compound-containing rapid-onset pharmaceutical composition that comprises cocoa powder, process for manufacturing the composition and use of the composition in sexual dysfunction therapy.

Description

New sexual-dysfunctϊon-compound-containing rapid-onset pharmaceutical formulations comprising cocoa powder and use thereof
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to novel rapid-onset orally administered pharmaceutical compositions of sexual dysfunction (SD) compounds and use thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to compositions comprising SD compounds and cocoa powder, methods to prepare said compositions, and to methods for using said compositions in sexual dysfunction therapy, including enhancement of sexual desire, and interest or performance.
Background and Prior Art Orally administered therapies for sexual dysfunction, in particular for male erectile disorder, are well known. See for example Gingell & Lockyer (1999), "Emerging pharmacological therapies for erectile dysfunction", Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 9, 1689-1696. Drugs in use or in development include phospho- diesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, e.g., sildenafil citrate, available under the trademark Niagra® of Pfizer, cyclic AMP activators, α-adrenergic antagonists, e.g., yohimbine, and dopaminergic agonists, e.g., apomorphine.
International Patent Publication No. WO 00/40226 discloses compounds useful in treating sexual dysfunction in men and women, these compounds being of formula (I)
Figure imgf000002_0001
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein
R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and are H, C1-6 alkyl (optionally phenyl substituted), C3-5 alkenyl or alkynyl or C3-1o cycloalkyl, or where R is as above and R1 and R2 are cyclized with the attached N atom to form pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, 4-methylpiperazinyl or imidazolyl groups; X is H, F, CI, Br, I, OH, Cι-6 alkyl or alkoxy, CN, carboxamide, carboxyl or (Cι-6 alkyl)carbonyl; A is CH, CH2, CHF, CHC1, CHBr, CHI, CHCH3, C=O, C=S, CSCH3, C=NH,
CNH2, CNHCH3, CNHCOOCH3, CNHCN, SO2 or N; B is CH, CH2, CHF, CHC1, CHBr, CHI, C=O, N, NH or NCH3, and n is 0 or 1; and D is CH, CH2, CHF, CHC1, CHBr, CHI, C=O, O, N, NH or NCH3; with various provisos indicated therein. WO 00/40226 further contemplates prescription of the drag (R)-5,6-dihydro-5-(methylammo)-4H-imidazo[4,5-t ]-qumolin-2(lH)-one (Z)-2-butenedioate (1:1) to male and female subjects at a dose of 1-3 mg, to be taken 0.5-1 h before engaging in sexual activity, and indicates that at such a dose and timing of administration the drag is therapeutically effective. No information is provided as to the route of administration or nature of dosage form.
The class of compounds proposed for treatment of sexual dysfunction in WO 00/40226 was earlier disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,273,975 to Moon et al. to have therapeutically useful central nervous system activity. Certain compounds of the above class are the subject of a paper by Heier et al. (1997), "Synthesis and biological activities of (R)-5,6-dihydro-N,N-dimethyl-4H-imidazo[4,5,l-i ]quinolin-5-amine and its metabolites", J. Med. Chem. 40, 639-646.
In spite of the availability of sildenafil citrate, apomorphine and other drugs in orally deliverable form, there remains a need for dosage forms of a therapeutic agent for treating sexual dysfunction in men and women, having one or more of the following benefits:
(a) rapid absorption leading to rapid onset of therapeutic effect;
(b) reduced unpleasantness of taste;
(c) no requirement to be taken with water; (d) high bioavailability for substances with high first pass metabolism;
(e) provision for an association of pleasure; and
(f) no immediate patient-perceived association with medicines.
In one aspect, sexual dysfunction as addressed herein comprises sexual disorders including, without limitation, hypoactive sexual desire disorder, female sexual arousal disorder, male erectile disorder, female orgasmic disorder and male orgasmic disorder, all as defined in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) (1994), and DSM-IN Guidebook (1995), both published by American Psychiatric Press, Inc., Washington, DC.
In another aspect, sexual dysfunction as addressed herein comprises diminish- ment of sexual desire, interest and/or function arising from primary diseases or conditions that are not sexual disorders in a strict sense. Such diseases and conditions include, without limitation, epilepsy, craniopharyngioma, hypogonadism and general psychiatric disorders such as depression. Sexual dysfunction as addressed herein additionally com- prises sexual de iciencies following hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy as well as those arising as side effects of medication.
European Patent Application No. 0 960 621 discloses that sildenafil citrate has an unpleasant taste that cannot be completely masked by flavoring agents, and proposes rapidly disintegrating oral dosage forms of sildenafil in the form of its free base, which has extremely low solubility in water and is virtually tasteless.
International Patent Publication No. WO 99/66933 proposes intranasal administration of sildenafil, illustratively in the form of salts such as the hydrochloride salt, for treatment of erectile dysfunction. Dosage forms proposed include a nasal spray and an aqueous nasal gel. Aqueous solutions are said to be preferred. Rapid onset of therapeu- tic effect is contemplated; however, no solution is suggested to the problem of unpleasant taste arising from drainage of the drug into the mouth. Further, intranasal administration is not a sufficiently discreet way of administering SD compounds. Dosage rates are contemplated in WO 99/66933 to be lower than are required when the drug is orally administered; a 30 mg dose of sildenafil hydrochloride in the form of a nasal spray is exemplified. Also exemplified is a nasal spray formulation delivering 30 mg of sildenafil hydrochloride and 1 mg of apomorphine hydrochloride.
European Patent Application No. 0 992240 discloses cGMP-PDE inhibitory compounds said to be useful in treatment of male erectile dysfunction and proposes transmucomembranous administration, for example in the form of sublingual prepa- rations, of such compounds.
International Patent Publication No. WO 00/76509 also proposes nasal administration of apomorphine, illustratively as its hydrochloride salt.
Heaton (1996), "Buccal apomo hine", J. Urol. 155, 49, reports efficacy of a sublingual formulation of apomorphine in treatment of male non-organic erectile dys- function.
U.S. Patent No. 5,985,889 to El-Rashidy et al. proposes sublingual administration of apomorphine for treatment of male psychogenic erectile dysfunction. Various sublingual tablet formulations of apomorphine hydrochloride are disclosed therein.
International Patent Publication No. WO 00/35457 proposes use of apomorphine for treatment of male organic, e.g., vasculogenic, erectile dysfunction, and exemplifies use of a sublingual tablet formulation of apomoφhine hydrochloride. WO 00/35457 further suggests that nausea, a common side effect of apomorphine, can be controlled by inclusion of an anti-emetic agent such as nicotine in the formulation. U.S. Patent No. 6,121,276 to El-Rashidy & Ronsen discloses flavored sublingual tablets containing apomorphine hydrochloride and nicotine.
International Patent Publication No. WO 01/49292 discloses sublingual tablets of apomorphine providing prolonged release of the drug, said to be useful in treatment of Parkinson's disease. International Patent Publication No. WO 00/42992 discloses a dosage unit comprising a water-soluble hydrocoUoid and sildenafil citrate in a mucoadhesive film said to be suitable for application to the oral mucosa. Pharmacokinetic data presented in WO 00/42992 indicate no faster absorption into the bloodstream with sublingual application of such a film than with a commercial tablet formulation of sildenafil citrate (Viagra®) at the same dosage.
International Patent Publication No. WO 01/10406 discloses compositions said to be suitable for a wide range of routes of administration of sildenafil citrate, including buccal and sublingual routes. Preferred compositions disclosed are said to comprise a solution, gel, semisolid, suspension, metered dose device, transdermal patch or film. International Patent Publication No. WO 02/05820 discloses film dosage forms comprising sildenafil citrate. These dosage forms are prepared by mixing a solid dispersion of sildenafil citrate and a water soluble sugar with a hydrocoUoid and optionally other ingredients, and are said, upon placement on a mucosal surface, to form a coating that subsequently disintegrates and dissolves to release sildenafil. International Patent Publication No. WO 02/041840 discloses the use of cocoa powder as a flavorant, though not a taste-masker, in chewing gums for sildenafil citrate.
International Patent Publication No. WO 00/30641 discloses the use of cocoa powder as a flavorant in oral compositions containing nicotine.
International Patent Publication No. WO 99/66916 discloses the use of chocolate flavor in oral compositions containing apomorphine.
Chocolate, which is very different from cocoa powder as such, has very rarely been used as an ingredient in pharmaceutical products on the market, hitherto only in laxatives. One example is Ex-Lax being chocolated laxative pieces marketed by Novartis comprising sennosides. Purex, a laxative wherein phenolphthalein was formulated with chocolate, was marketed in the 1950s.
It has now surprisingly been found that a rapid onset of orally administered pharmaceutical compositions of SD compounds is achieved concomitantly with sufficient taste masking of badly tasting ingredients, such as buffering agents, through the use of SD-compound-containing formulations comprising cocoa powder as filler/diluent and taste masking or flavoring agent and agent for providing a smooth texture. No similar formulations have been disclosed hitherto.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides an orally administered rapid-onset pharmaceutical composition useful for treatment of sexual dysfunction, stimulation of sexual activity and enhancement of sexual desire, interest and performance in men and women. The composition is a dosage form comprising a therapeutically or sexual-stimulatorily effective amount of one or more SD compounds. A "therapeutically effective amount" herein is an amount sufficient to improve sexual desire, interest or performance in a subject having a sexual dysfunction condition. A "sexual-stimulatorily effective amount" herein is an amount sufficient to improve sexual desire, and interest or performance in a subject whether or not the subject has a sexual dysfunction condition.
Suitable such SD compounds are chosen from the below agents, but are not limited thereto:
A compound of formula (I)
Figure imgf000006_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and are H, Cι-6 alkyl (optionally phenyl substituted), C3-5 alkenyl or alkynyl or C3-ιo cycloalkyl, or where R3 is as above and R1 and R2 are cyclized with the attached N atom to form pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, 4-methylpiperazinyl or imidazolyl groups;
X is H, F, CI, Br, I, OH, Cι-6 alkyl or alkoxy, CN, carboxamide, carboxyl or (Ci. 6 alkyl)carbonyl; A is CH, CH2, CHF, CHC1, CHBr, CHI, CHCH3, C=O, C=S, CSCH3, C=NH,
CNH2, CNHCH3, CNHCOOCH3, CNHCN, SO2 or N; B is CH, CH2, CHF, CHC1, CHBr, CHI, C=O, N, NH or NCH3, and n is 0 or 1; and D is CH, CH2, CHF, CHC1, CHBr, CHI, C=O, O, N, NH or NCH3; said compound of formula (I) or salt thereof being water-soluble. A suitable dosing is from around 0.1 mg to around 10 mg per dose. A compound of formula (II)
Figure imgf000007_0001
wherein X is O or S, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. A suitable dosing is from around 0.05 mg to around 10 mg per dose.
A compound chosen from phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, such as sildenafil in base form and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, including sildena- fil citrate marketed under the trademark Niagra®, vardenafil marketed as Νuviva and tadalafil marketed as Cialis®. Suitable dosing is from around 5 mg to around 100 mg per dose.
A compound chosen from dopaminergic agonists, such as apomorphine, with or without addition of anti-emetic agents. Suitable dosing is from 0.5 mg to around 10 mg per dose.
A compound chosen from noradrenergic alpha antagonists or α-adrenergic antagonists, such as phentolamine mesylate marketed as Vasomax, yohimbine and prazosin.
A compound chosen from cyclic AMP activators.
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts, complexes and mixtures of the above com- pounds are also useful.
It is preferred that the amount of the SD compound, salt, complex or mixture thereof be lower than an amount causing significant side effects.
A particularly useful dosage form of the present invention is a formulation that disintegrates or melts in the mouth without need for drinking water or other fluid. Preferred dosage forms are tablets, sublingual tablets and lozenges. Chewing gums are not preferred dosage forms.
The invention is adapted for discreet self-administration. By "discreet self- administration" herein is meant self-administration shortly prior to sexual activity in a way that does not draw attention of a sexual partner to, or emphasize, the existence of a sexual dysfunction, a need for therapy or a need or desire for enhancement of sexual performance. The combination of discreetness and rapid onset that is permitted by the present invention provides a benefit in spontaneity; by contrast, prior art compositions for treating sexual dysfunction can be seriously compromised in their effectiveness if their self-administration requires premeditation and/or cannot be done discreetly, such self-administration being thereby not conducive to spontaneity.
Also provided by the present invention are methods of use of compositions of the present invention for treatment of sexual dysfunction and for enhancement of sexual desire, and interest or performance, and a method of use of a composition of the inven- tion for preparing a medicament. Other features of this invention will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.
Compositions for the therapeutic delivery of SD compounds are provided. Said compositions comprising SD compounds provide rapid transmucosal absorption in the oral cavity. The SD compounds of the present invention include the parent forms as well as salts and complexes of the parent forms.
An object of the invention is to provide new pharmaceutical compositions of SD compounds for uptake buccaly or by other mucosa in the oral cavity, especially such compositions comprising a large percentage of cocoa powder. A second object of the invention is to provide methods for preparing said compositions.
A third object of the invention is methods for using said formulations in sexual dysfunction therapy, including enhancement of sexual desire, and interest or performance. Further objects of the invention will become apparent to one skilled in the art, and still other objects will become apparent hereinafter from the specification and claims.
The main advantages provided by a composition according to the present invention are: 1) It allows for rapid onset of the pharmacological effect;
2) It provides for good taste masking properties due to the presence of cocoa powder;
3) It does not require any water for swallowing;
4) It provides for possible high bioavailability for substances with high first pass meta- bolism;
5) It provides for an association of pleasure;
6) It does not give an immediate patient-perceived association with medicines (traditional tablets).
Detailed Description of the Invention It is the primary object of the present invention to provide rapid-onset pharmaceutical compositions useful for treatment of sexual dysfunction, stimulation of sexual activity and enhancement of sexual desire, interest or performance in men and women. The term "rapid-onset" means that a therapeutic effect is achieved within a short period of time, for example less than about 1 hour, preferably less than 30 minutes, following administration.
More specifically it is the object of the invention to provide such a SD- compound-containing composition, for transmucosal, preferably buccal, delivery, that disintegrates and/or melts at body temperature with or without the aid of salivary fluid or mechanical erosion, or a combination thereof after which the formulation preferably shows adhesiveness towards the tissues in the oral cavity.
The addition of buffering agents provides for a transient change in local pH of the saliva. Thereby a higher fraction of the active agent is transformed into its less ionized form. Thereupon the transmucousal permeation is facilitated, which enhances the absorption of the active agent. For those skilled in the art it is evident that the choice of the buffering system is dependent on the one or more pKaS of the active agent.
It has surprisingly been found that a rapid buccal absorption of SD compounds concomitantly with sufficient taste masking of badly tasting ingredients, such as the active compound and/or buffering agents, is achieved through the use of cocoa powder. The cocoa powder acts as filler/diluent as well as taste masking or flavoring agent and agent for providing a smooth texture. No similar formulations have been disclosed hitherto.
A preferred formulation is a composition, weighing around 400 mg - 500 mg, having the following ingredients:
A therapeutically efficient amount of a SD compound, cocoa powder around 200 mg, fatty components around 180 mg, : aspartame around 2.5 mg, sodium carbonate around 15 mg, lecithin around 4 mg.
Preferably the composition should comprise at least 15 % by weight of cocoa powder.
Cocoa powder is defined as cocoa nib with some fat removed and ground into a powder. Cocoa nib is defined as cocoa beans with the shell removed. Cocoa butter is defined as fat expelled from the center (kernels or nib) of cocoa beans.
Cocoa powder is prepared from roasted cocoa beans. It is a complex compound, which consists of starch, cocoa butter, amino acids, proteins, xanthines, amines, mono- and polysaccharides, phospholipids, flavonoids, pyrazines, etc.
Preferred fatty components are fats/lipids chosen from tempering fats, including cocoa butter equivalents (CBE) and cocoa butter improvers (CBI), and non-tempering fats, including cocoa butter replacers (CBR) and cocoa butter substitutes (CBS).
According to Industrial Chocolate Manufacture and Use, S. T. Beckett, ed., 2nd edition, Bladder Academic & Professional, London, 1994, p 382, chocolate is defined as a product obtained from cocoa nib, cocoa mass powder and sucrose with or without added cocoa butter, having a minimum dry cocoa solids content of 35%, at least 14% of dry non-fat cocoa solids and 18% cocoa butter. Chocolate has two major distinguishing characteristics: its flavor and its texture. A primary feature of the texture is that the chocolate must be solid at a temperature of 20 - 25°C and yet melt rapidly in the mouth at 37°C thereby being transferred to a liquid, which appears smooth to the tongue. The processing of chocolate is related to obtaining these two criteria (ibid, p 2).
Neither milk chocolate nor light cooking chocolate or dark cooking chocolate may mask the disagreeable taste of most buffering agents. The cocoa content of milk chocolate is comparatively low (a cocoa mass content of 10 - 16%, corresponding to approximately 5 - 8% cocoa powder). The beans'/cocoa mass' content of dark, bitter- sweet chocolate is 55 - 70% (Beckett, pp. 276 - 277), corresponding to approximately 28 - 35% cocoa powder. By making a vehicle with a high proportion of cocoa powder (30 - 70%) and fatty components (30 -50%), as per the present invention, an effective masking is though obtained. The higher the cocoa powder concentration the better the taste masking. Examples
BelowfoUows non-limiting examples on preparation of certain embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1: Preparation of a preferred embodiment A composition, weighing around 400 mg, having the following preferred composition (w/w):
Active: A SD compound according to above formula (I) in an amount from around 0.25 mg to around 10 mg. Diluent/filler and flavoring/taste- masking agent and agent for providing a smooth texture: cocoa powder around 50% Lipid ingredient: cocoa butter equivalents (CBE) around 44%
Buffering agent: sodium carbonate around 4%
Sweetener: aspartame around 0,6%
Emulsifier/solubilizer: lecithin around 1% Flavoring agent: mint or vanilla flavor 0,5% is prepared in the following way:
A part of the CBE is melted. The solid components, i e the SD compound, cocoa powder, aspartame, sodium carbonate and the flavoring agent if solid, are added and mixed. A reduction of particle size of the solid components is performed by milling in a roll-refiner. If the solid components have already got the required particle size, e g by milling before the mixing with the fatty components, roll refining is dispensed with. After treatment in the roll-refiner the mixture is mixed with the rest of the melted fatty components or remelted (if solidified) and mixed with the rest of the melted CBE. A mixing of the melt is performed in a suitable mixer. The liquid components, i e lecithin and the flavoring agent if liquid, are added. Tablets or other solid dosage forms are subsequently made using suitable techniques, such as molding, extrusion or congealing, including pastiUation, when necessary after suitable preconditioning. Also other suitable manufacturing methods may be used.
Example 2: Preparation of a further embodiment In essentially the same way as in Example 1 is manufactured a composition with a weight from around 400 mg to around 500 mg having the below ingredients: from 0.25 mg to around 10 mg thereof of a compound of above formula (II), around 50% (w/w) cocoa powder, around 44% (w/w) cocoa butter equivalents (CBE), around 4% (w/w) sodium carbonate, around 0,6% (w/w) aspartame and/or acesulfame potassium, and around 1% (w/w) lecithin.
Example 3: Preparation of a still further embodiment In essentially the same way as in Example 1 is manufactured a composition with the below contents:
Active: A SD-compound in a therapeutically sufficient amount.
Diluent/filler and Cocoa powder and optionally a small amount of a flavoring/taste- substance/substances chosen from one or more of the masking agent and compounds fructose, glucose, galactose, invert sugar, agent for providing a a pharmaceutically acceptable polyol such as xylitol, smooth texture: sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol, isomalt and glycerol, or polydextrose, or any mixture thereof, from around 30% to around 70% (w/w), Lipid ingredient: from around 30% to around 50% (w/w),
Buffering agent: from 0 % to around 10% (w/w),
Sweetener: from around 0.3% to around 3% (w/w),
Emulsifier/solubilizer: from around 0.3% to around 5% (w/w), Flavoring agent: from 0 % to around 4% (w/w). Example 4: Preparation of alternative embodiments
Useful embodiments are obtained by exchanging some of the excipients in the embodiments of the above examples for equivalently functioning alternative compounds.
A small part of the cocoa powder may be exchanged for one or more of the compounds fractose, glucose, galactose, lactose, maltose, invert sugar, a pharmaceutically acceptable polyol such as xylitol, sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol, isomalt and glycerol, or polydextrose, or any mixture thereof, but only to such an extent that the taste-masking effect of the cocoa-powder remains sufficient. The lipid ingredient, being fatty components, may be chosen from one or more of the following compounds: cocoa butter and cocoa butter alternatives, including cocoa butter equivalents (CBE), cocoa butter substitutes (CBS), cocoa butter replacers (CBR) and cocoa butter improvers (CBI),
- coconut, palmkernel oil and other similar oils characterized by being predominantly based on lauric and myristic acids,
- palm oil, shea butter, karite butter, illipe butter, mango kernel oil, sal fat and other similar fats characterized by being predominantly based on palmitic, oleic and stearic acids,
- corn oil, sunflower oil, hybrid sunflower oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oU, canola oil, olive oil, ricebran oil, cottonseed oil, arachis (peanut, groundnut) oil and other oils characterized by being predominantly based on oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids and hydrogenated to a suitable melting point, - fish oU, tallow, lard, butterfat and other animal derived fats, and
- synthetic fats, reesterified fats, hard fats obtained by a chemical reaction of fatty acids with glycerol using no, acidic, alkaline or enzymatic catalysis, whereby said compound(s) is/are used as a single component or mixed with each other, being either crude or refined using physical or alkaline refining, or being subject- ted to further processing including catalytic hydrogenation, interesterification, trans- esterification and fractionation.
The buffer sodium carbonate may be exchanged for carbonates, bicarbonates, acetates, gluconates, glycerophosphates, phosphates or glycinates of sodium, potassium or ammonium, or mixtures thereof. Most phosphates are though less suitable because their taste usually is disagreeable and difficult to mask.
The sweetener aspartame may entirely or in part be exchanged for one or more other artificial sweeteners, such as acesulfame potassium, saccharine, sodium saccharine, cyclamate and glycyrrhizine and/or salts thereof.
The emulsifier lecithin is preferably soy lecithin and/or egg lecithin, but may be exchanged for
- a nonio ic surfactant, such as poloxamer, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene castor oil derivative, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, monoglyce- ride, diglyceride and esther thereof, polyoxyethylene stearate, polyglycerolester of fatty acids (including polyglycerolpolyricinoleic acid (PGPR)), sorbitan fatty acid ester, - an anionic surf ctant, such as atty acid, soap of fatty acid, lactylate, especially sodium and/or calcium stearoyllactylate, sodium lauryl sulfate and laranol,
- a zwitterionic surfactant, such as zwitterionic phospholipid, such as phosphati- dylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, or mixtures, fractions or derivatives thereof or with lecithin.
In principally the same way as in the above examples compositions comprising other SD compounds may be manufactured. The dose range and the percentages of the excipients should in such cases be accordingly adjusted.

Claims

1. A sexual-dysfunction-compound-containing orally administered rapid-onset pharmaceutical composition, characterizedin that it comprises cocoa powder.
2. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least 15% cocoa powder.
3. A composition accordmg to claim lor2, characterizedin that it further comprises one or more lipid ingredients.
4. A composition according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the sexual-dysfunction-compound/s is/are chosen among the following compounds a compound of formula (I)
Figure imgf000015_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and are H, Cι-6 alkyl (optionally phenyl substituted), C3-5 alkenyl or alkynyl or C3-ιo cycloalkyl, or where R3 is as above and R1 and R2 are cyclized with the attached N atom to form pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, 4-methylpiperazinyl or imidazolyl groups;
X is H, F, CI, Br, I, OH, Cι-6 alkyl or alkoxy, CN, carboxamide, carboxyl or (Ci- 6 alkyl)carbonyl;
A is CH, CH2, CHF, CHC1, CHBr, CHI, CHCH3, C=O, C=S, CSCH3, C=NH, CNH2, CNHCH3, CNHCOOCH3, CNHCN, SO2 or N;
B is CH, CH2, CHF, CHC1, CHBr, CHI, C=O, N, NH or NCH3, and n is 0 or 1; and
D is CH, CH2, CHF, CHC1, CHBr, CHI, C=O, O, N, NH or NCH3; said compound of formula (I) or salt thereof being water-soluble; a compound of formula (II)
Figure imgf000016_0001
wherein X is O or S, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; a compound chosen from phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, such as sildenafil in base form and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, including sildenafil citrate, vardenafil and tadalafil; a compound chosen from dopaminergic agonists, such as apomoφhme optionally with the addition of anti-emetic agents; a compound chosen from noradrenergic alpha antagonists or α-adrenergic antagonists, such as phentolamine mesylate, yohimbine and prazosin; a compound chosen from cyclic AMP activators; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, complexes and mixtures thereof.
5. A composition according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that it further comprises one or more buffering agents.
6. A composition according to claim 5, characterized in that the one or more buffering agents is/are chosen from carbonates, bicarbonates, acetates, gluconates, glycerophosphates, phosphates or glycinates of sodium, potassium or ammonium, or mixtures thereof.
7. A composition according to any preceding claim, characterized in that it further comprises one or more sweeteners and optionally one or more flavoring agents.
8. A composition according to claim 7, characterized in that the one or more sweeteners is/are aspartame, acesulfame potassium, saccharine, sodium saccharine, cyclamate and/or glycyrrhizine and/or salts thereof.
9. A composition according to any of claims 3-8, characterized in that the one or more lipid ingredients is/are chosen from
- cocoa butter and cocoa butter alternatives, including cocoa butter equivalents (CBE), cocoa butter substitutes (CBS), cocoa butter replacers (CBR) and cocoa butter improvers (CBI), - coconut, palmkernel oil and other simUar oils characterized by being predominantly based on lauric and myristic acids,
- palm oU, shea butter, karite butter, illipe butter, mango kernel oU, sal fat and other similar fats characterized by being predominantly based on palmitic, oleic and stearic acids,
- corn oil, sunflower oU, hybrid sunflower oU, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, olive oil, ricebran oil, cottonseed oil, arachis (peanut, groundnut) oU and other oils characterized by being predominantly based on oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids and hydrogenated to a suitable melting point, - fish oil, tallow, lard, butterf at and other animal derived fats, and
- synthetic fats, reesterified fats, hard fats obtained by a chemical reaction of fatty acids with glycerol using no, acidic, alkaline or enzymatic catalysis, whereby said compound(s) is/are used as a single component or mixed with each other, being either crude or refined using physical or alkaline refining, or being subject- ted to further processing including catalytic hydrogenation, interesterification, trans- esterification and fractionation.
10. A composition according to claim 9, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the one or more lipid ingredients is/are chosen from cocoa butter equivalents (CBE), cocoa butter substitutes (CBS) and cocoa butter replacers (CBR).
11. A composition according to any preceding claim, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that it further comprises one or more emulsifiers/solubilisers.
12. A composition according to claim 11, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the one or more emulsifiers/solubUisers is/are chosen from
- lecithin, preferably soy lecithin and/or egg lecithin, - a nonionic surfactant, such as poloxamer, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene castor oil derivative, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, monoglyce- ride, diglyceride and esther thereof, polyoxyethylene stearate, polyglycerolester of fatty acids (including polyglycerolpolyricinoleic acid (PGPR)), sorbitan fatty acid ester,
- an anionic surfactant, such as fatty acid, soap of fatty acid, lactylate, especially sodium and/or calcium stearoyllactylate, sodium lauryl sulfate and latanol,
- a zwitterionic surfactant, such as zwitterionic phospholipid, such as phosphati- dylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, or mixtures, fractions or derivatives thereof or with lecithin.
13. A composition according to claim 12, characterizedin that the one or more emulsifiers/solubilisers is/are chosen from lecithin, preferably soy lecithin and/or egg lecithin.
14. A composition according to any preceding claim, characterized in that it further comprises a small amount of a substance/substances chosen from one or more of the compounds fractose, glucose, galactose, lactose, maltose, invert sugar, a pharmaceutically acceptable polyol such as xylitol, sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol, isomalt and glycerol, or polydextrose, or any mixture thereof.
15. A sexual-dysfunction-compound-containing orally administered rapid-onset pharmaceutical composition, characterized in that a unit dose thereof comprises
Active: A sexual-dysfunction-compound in a therapeutically sufficient amount,
Diluent/filler and Cocoa powder and optionally a small amount of a flavoring/taste- substance/substances chosen from one or more of the masking agent and compounds fractose, glucose, galactose, invert sugar, agent for providing a a pharmaceutically acceptable polyol such as xylitol, smooth texture: sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol, isomalt and glycerol, or polydextrose, or any mixture thereof, from around 30% to around 70% (w/w), L Liippiidd iinnggrreeddiieenntt:: from around 30% to around 50% (w/w), Buffering agent: from 0% to around 10% (w/w), Sweetener: from around 0.3% to around 3% (w/w),
Emulsifier/solubilizer from around 0.3% to around 5% (w/w), Flavoring agent: from 0% to around 4% (w/w).
16. A sexual-dysfunction-compound-containing orally administered rapid-onset pharmaceutical composition, characterized in that a unit dose thereof comprises from 0.25 mg to around 10 mg thereof of a compound of formula (II)
Figure imgf000018_0001
wherein X is O or S, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, around 50% (w/w) cocoa powder, around 44% (w/w) cocoa butter equivalents (CBE), around 4% (w/w) sodium carbonate, around 0,6% (w/w) aspartame and/or acesulfame potassium, and around 1% (w/w) lecithin.
17. A sexual-dysfunction-compound-containing orally admimstered rapid-onset pharmaceutical composition, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that a unit dose thereof comprises Active: A sexual-dysfunction compound according to formula (I)
Figure imgf000019_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and are H, C1-6 alkyl (optionally phenyl substituted), C3-5 alkenyl or alkynyl or C3-ιo cycloalkyl, or where R3 is as above and R1 and R2 are cyclized with the attached N atom to form pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, moφholinyl, 4-methylpiperazinyl or imidazolyl groups; X is H, F, CI, Br, I, OH, Cι-6 alkyl or alkoxy, CN, carboxamide, carboxyl or (C1-
6 alkyl)carbonyl; A is CH, CH2, CHF, CHC1, CHBr, CHI, CHCH3, C=O, C=S, CSCH3, C=NH, CNH2, CNHCHs, CNHCOOCH3, CNHCN, SO2 or N;
B is CH, CH2, CHF, CHC1, CHBr, CHI, C=O, N, NH or NCH3, and n is 0 or 1; and D is CH, CH2, CHF, CHC1, CHBr, CHI, C=O, O, N, NH or NCH3; in an amount from around 0.25 mg to around 10 mg. Diluent/filler and flavoring/taste- masking agent and agent for providing a smooth texture: cocoa powder around 50%
Lipid ingredient: cocoa butter equivalents (CBE) around 44%
Buffering agent: sodium carbonate around 4%
Sweetener: aspartame around 0,6% Emulsifier/solubilizer: lecithin around 1%
Flavoring agent: mint or vanilla flavor 0,5%
18. A composition according to any preceding claim, which is formulated as an oral dosage form and which provides for delivery of sexual-dysfunction-compounds through the buccal mucosa and/or other mucosa of the oral cavity.
19. A composition according to any preceding claim, which is formulated as a tablet, as a sublingual tablet or as a lozenge.
20. A composition according to any of claims 1-18, which is formulated as an oral dosage form not being a chewing gum.
21. Use of a composition according to any preceding claim for the manufacture of a medicament useful for treatment of sexual dysfunction, stimulation of sexual activity and enhancement of sexual desire and interest or performance.
22. Method for treating sexual dysfunction in a subject comprising administration of a sexual-dysfunction-compound-containing rapid-onset orally administered pharmaceutical composition according to anyone of claims 1—18 to the subject.
23. Method according to claim 22 comprising administration of a sexual- dysfunction-compound-containing rapid-onset orally administered pharmaceutical composition according to anyone of claims 1-20 to the subject less than 1 hour, preferably less than 30 minutes prior to sexual activity.
PCT/SE2003/001022 2002-08-05 2003-06-18 New sexual-dysfunction-compound-containing rapid-onset pharmaceutical formulations comprising cocoa powder and use thereof WO2004012702A1 (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002495527A CA2495527C (en) 2002-08-05 2003-06-18 New sexual-dysfunction-compound-containing rapid-onset pharmaceutical formulations comprising cocoa powder and use thereof
NZ537520A NZ537520A (en) 2002-08-05 2003-06-18 New sexual-dysfunction-compound-containing rapid-onset pharmaceutical formulations comprising cocoa powder and use thereof
BR0313224-2A BR0313224A (en) 2002-08-05 2003-06-18 Pharmaceutical composition containing orally administered sexual dysfunction therapy compound which provides rapid onset of its pharmacological effects
JP2004525901A JP2005539008A (en) 2002-08-05 2003-06-18 New pharmaceutical preparation containing a compound for sexual dysfunction including cacao powder and rapid onset of action and use thereof
EP03733755A EP1539096A1 (en) 2002-08-05 2003-06-18 New sexual-dysfunction-compound-containing rapid-onset pharmaceutical formulations comprising cocoa powder and use thereof
CN038188910A CN1674866B (en) 2002-08-05 2003-06-18 New sexual-dysfunction-compound-containing rapid-onset pharmaceutical formulations comprising cocoa powder and use thereof
MXPA05000978A MXPA05000978A (en) 2002-08-05 2003-06-18 New sexual-dysfunction-compound-containing rapid-onset pharmaceutical formulations comprising cocoa powder and use thereof.
AU2003239038A AU2003239038B2 (en) 2002-08-05 2003-06-18 New sexual-dysfunction-compound-containing rapid-onset pharmaceutical formulations comprising cocoa powder and use thereof
IL16603104A IL166031A0 (en) 2002-08-05 2004-12-28 New sexual-dysfunction-compound containing rapid-onset pharmaceutical formulations comprising cocoa powder and use thereof
ZA2005/00051A ZA200500051B (en) 2002-08-05 2005-01-04 New sexual-dysfuction-compound-containing rapid-onset pharmaceutical formulations comprising cocoa powder and use thereof

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SE0202365-3 2002-08-05
SE0202365A SE0202365D0 (en) 2002-08-05 2002-08-05 New formulation and use thereof

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US8273876B2 (en) 2002-07-16 2012-09-25 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Medicaments containing vardenafil hydrochloride trihydrate
US8841446B2 (en) 2002-07-16 2014-09-23 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Medicaments containing vardenafil hydrochloride trihydrate
EP1855687A1 (en) * 2005-03-01 2007-11-21 Bayer HealthCare AG Medicament forms with controlled bioavailability
US8613950B2 (en) 2005-03-01 2013-12-24 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Pharmaceutical forms with improved pharmacokinetic properties
RU2363467C2 (en) * 2005-09-30 2009-08-10 Олег Алексеевич Киселев Method of treating erectile dysfunction in men and drug for treating erectile dysfunction in men
EP3299010A1 (en) 2016-09-21 2018-03-28 LTS Lohmann Therapie-Systeme AG Oral dosage form
WO2019166098A1 (en) 2018-03-01 2019-09-06 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Ag Oral dosage form containing theobromine-free cocoa
US12285488B2 (en) 2018-03-01 2025-04-29 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Ag Oral dosage form containing theobromine-free cocoa

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EP1539096A1 (en) 2005-06-15
AU2003239038B2 (en) 2008-01-03
SE0202365D0 (en) 2002-08-05
AU2003239038A1 (en) 2004-02-23
BR0313224A (en) 2005-07-05
NZ537520A (en) 2006-11-30
RU2005102835A (en) 2005-08-10
TW200418470A (en) 2004-10-01
CN1674866B (en) 2012-09-26
ZA200500051B (en) 2006-12-27
CN1674866A (en) 2005-09-28
CA2495527A1 (en) 2004-02-12
RU2312665C2 (en) 2007-12-20
CA2495527C (en) 2008-12-30
AR040797A1 (en) 2005-04-20
MXPA05000978A (en) 2005-12-12
IL166031A0 (en) 2006-01-15

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