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WO2003093603A1 - Systeme de toiture composee ameliore - Google Patents

Systeme de toiture composee ameliore Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003093603A1
WO2003093603A1 PCT/US2003/006253 US0306253W WO03093603A1 WO 2003093603 A1 WO2003093603 A1 WO 2003093603A1 US 0306253 W US0306253 W US 0306253W WO 03093603 A1 WO03093603 A1 WO 03093603A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
foam
layer
polyester
built
insulation layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/006253
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Trevor Wardle
Michael James Ennis
Jeffrey M. Hansbro
Original Assignee
Dow Global Technologies Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dow Global Technologies Inc. filed Critical Dow Global Technologies Inc.
Priority to AU2003228227A priority Critical patent/AU2003228227A1/en
Publication of WO2003093603A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003093603A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D11/00—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings
    • E04D11/02—Build-up roofs, i.e. consisting of two or more layers bonded together in situ, at least one of the layers being of watertight composition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to built-up roof systems comprising an insulation layer, a coverboard layer, and a waterproofing membrane layer as well as a laminate of polyester foam and insulation foam for use in preparing such a built-up roof system and a process for preparing such a built-up roof system.
  • Low pitch roofs or built-up roofs are commonly constructed by installing an insulation layer on a roof deck, a coverboard layer over the insulation layer, followed by a wate roofing membrane layer.
  • the wate ⁇ roofmg membrane layer can be composed of many different materials and is typically composed of asphalt and asphalt impregnated fiberglass ply sheet or modified bitumen.
  • the coverboard layer most commonly is composed of fiberboard, perlite board or gypsum board. The coverboard layer protects the insulation layer from heat distortion, which can occur upon the application of hot asphalt, and reduces the risk of moisture entrapment between the waterproofing membrane layer and the insulation layer.
  • current coverboard materials are not very moisture resistant, and moisture trapped between the waterproofing membrane layer and the coverboard layer within the BUR can cause roof delaminations and premature failures.
  • Other materials have been used in roofing applications as discussed in U.S. Patent
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,418,108 discloses polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films used as a perforated sheet in a roofing panel. Additionally, U.S. Patent No. 6,067,770 relates to multi-layer polymer systems, including PET, used to prevent condensation in buildings. However, these materials do not have the needed high temperature resistance and/or have not been utilized in a BUR system.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the present invention is an improved BUR system, wherein the coverboard layer comprises polyester foam sheet.
  • the polyester foam sheet is very moisture resistant and can be directly applied to the insulation layer prior to the roofing process. This eliminates the separate step of installing the coverboard during roof construction.
  • the present invention is a built-up roof system comprising an insulation layer, a coverboard layer, and wate ⁇ roofmg membrane layer oriented such that the coverboard layer is between the insulation layer and waterproofing membrane, an improvement wherein the coverboard layer comprises a polyester foam.
  • the present invention is a process for preparing the built-up roof system of the first aspect, said process comprising applying to a roof deck, in order, an insulation layer, a polyester foam coverboard layer and a wate ⁇ roofing membrane layer.
  • the present invention includes applying a second polyester foam layer between the roof deck and the insulation layer.
  • the present invention is a laminate comprising a PIR insulation foam layer sandwiched between two polyester foam layers.
  • the present invention is an improvement, wherein the coverboard layer comprises a polyester foam instead of fiber board, perlite board or gypsum board.
  • the polyester foam is a foam sheet.
  • the polyester foam coverboard utilized in the present invention is lighter in weight and has much lower water abso ⁇ tion than currently used materials in BUR systems.
  • the insulation layer used in the BUR system of the present invention can be any insulation useful in roofing applications and is typically a foamed insulation material.
  • Such insulation includes, but is not limited to, polyisocyanurate foams, extruded polystyrene foam insulation, expanded polystyrene foam insulation, extruded polypropylene foam, expanded polypropylene foam and phenolic foams. These foam insulations and their methods of manufacture are well known in the art.
  • the insulation layer may be any thickness in the built-up roof application.
  • the BUR contains sufficient insulation to meet local building codes.
  • the BUR achieves an R15 rating as determined according to ASTM C-518. As known in the art, this rating, or any desired rating, can be achieved by various thicknesses depending on the insulation material used.
  • the polyester foam generally has a thickness of 0.02 inches (0.5 millimeter (mm)) or more. Conceivably, there is no upper limit on how thick the polyester foam can be. Thinner foams are easier to handle, particularly if they can be stored and handled in roll form. Therefore, the polyester foam is preferably a foam sheet.
  • a "polyester foam sheet” refers to a polyester foam having a thickness of 0.02 inches (0.5 mm) or more, more preferably 0.04 inches (1 mm) or more and 0.25 inches (6.35 mm) or less.
  • the polyester foam layer can be made from any polyester that has good heat and moisture resistance.
  • high-molecular weight chain esters obtained by reacting an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and a dihydric alcohol can be used.
  • the aromatic dicarboxylic acid may be terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, diphenyl ether dicarboxylic acid, diphenylsulfonedicarboxylic acid, diphenoxydicarboxylic acid and the like.
  • the dihydric alcohol can be ethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, neopentylene glycol, ' hexamethylene glycol, cyclohexanedimethylol, tricyclodecanedimethylol, 2,2- bis-(4-beta-hydroxyethoxyphenyl) propane, 4,4'-bis(beta-hydroxyethoxy)diphenylsulfone, diethylene glycol, their respective esters, and the like.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polybutylene terephthalate are preferred.
  • the polyesters may be used singly or in any mixture thereof.
  • the polyester of the foam preferably has a crystallinity of 20 to 35 percent (%).
  • the polyester will have 20% to 35% crystalline structure within an amo ⁇ hous phase, wherein the amo ⁇ hous phase makes up the balance.
  • Increasing the crystallinity of a polyester foam increases its resistance to thermal deformation.
  • a crystallinity of 20% or more is desirable to resist deformation during application of membrane materials, which can be at temperatures up to 500 degrees
  • polyester foams having a crystallinity above 35% tend to get brittle which makes damaging during handling more likely than foams with a lower crystallinity. While polyester foams having a crystallinity above 35% can be used in the present invention, they are not preferred.
  • a polyester foam's crystallinity is dependent upon the foam's heating history.
  • the crystallinity varies by the type and temperature of the heating media and the contact conditions of the foam with the heating media.
  • crystallization is accomplished by holding the polyester foam at a temperature between 300°F (149°C) and 380°F (193°C) for a duration of between 2 and 6 seconds.
  • any foam that inhibits heat transfer during the initial cooling of the foam after formation will crystallize to some degree, since the foam passes within the above conditions.
  • Foam sheet is desirable because its thickness allows for rapid heating during the crystallization process.
  • any method of heating can be utilized to establish crystallinity.
  • a cylindrical sheet is heated by placing a mandrel heated with heat transfer oil inside the cylinder and allowing the sheet to proceed along the mandrel having a length as long as possible.
  • a flat sheet or board can be placed between a pair of rollers heated with heat transfer oil and allowed to proceed while heating, wherein the diameters of the rollers are as large as possible.
  • ⁇ f s H is the heat of fusion of the polyester foam (as determined by calorimetry) and ⁇ f ij S H 0 is the heat of fusion for the fully crystalline polyester material.
  • ⁇ uS H° is often available in readily available reference tables.
  • ⁇ fuS H° can be determined using one of the methods described by H. G. Ferguson et al. (Thermochimica Acta 363 (2000) page 8 section 3.1.1., inco ⁇ orated herein by reference) and references cited therein.
  • the polyester foam typically has a density of 0.04 to 0.3 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm 3 ). Decreasing a foam's density typically lowers the foam's cost and increases the foam's thermal insulating ability, both of which are desirable. Increasing a foam's density typically enhances the foam's compressive strength thereby enhancing the load that can be placed upon the foam without deforming the foam. High compressive strengths are desirable.
  • the polyester foam has a density of 0.06 g/cm or more and 0.25 g/cm 3 or less.
  • the polyester foam is typically a closed cell foam with an average cell size of from 0.0002 to 0.020 inches (0.005 to 0.5 mm). Cell sizes of 0.005 to 0.010 inches (0.1 to 0.25 mm) are typical for a foam of uniform thickness, composition, and appearance and can be produced using blowing agents and nucleators known in the art.
  • Polyester foam for use in the present invention can be made from recycled material as taught in WO 90/10667.
  • Dried scrap PET is reacted with a polyfunctional carboxylic acid anhydride such as pyromellitic acid dianhydride and trimellitic acid anhydride, in amounts of 0.05% to 2.5% by weight of the PET, at a temperature between 250 and 300°C, to obtain a composition of modified PET with a higher viscosity.
  • This material can then be foamed by methods known in the art.
  • PET foam for use in the present invention can include up to and including 100% recycled PET.
  • Polyester foam can be applied to one or both surfaces of the insulation layer. When polyester foam is only on one surface, position the insulation layer between the polyester foam and a roof deck during installation.
  • the polyester foam can be adhered or laminated to the insulation layer prior to or during construction of the BUR system so as to form an intimately bonded preformed laminate.
  • the polyester foam is applied directly to or laminated to the insulation layer prior to roof construction. This eliminates the onsite installation of the coverboard separate from the insulation layer in the roofing construction process.
  • Lamination of the polyester foam to the insulation layer to form a laminated composite structure can be achieved by any foam lamination method and is dependent upon the material used for insulation, i.e. polyisocyanurate foams may not require any additional process or adhesive if the polyisocyanurate foam is formed in contact with the polyester foam. Typical processes for adhesion include heat fusion, adhesives, and co-extrusion.
  • the polyester foam can be either adhered or mechanically attached to the insulation layer. That is, an adhesive can be used to adhere the foam sheet to the insulation, or by mechanical means, such as screws, nails, etc. can be used to attach the foam to the insulation and the roof deck.
  • the polyester foam and insulation layer are a laminated composite structure.
  • the laminated composite structure has an insulation layer with a polyester foam adhered to one surface of the insulation foam.
  • another facer material such as aluminum foil, glass fiber, Kraft paper, or a combination thereof is adhered to a surface of the insulation layer opposite the polyester foam.
  • the facing material on the opposite surface of the insulation layer has a similar, preferably the same coefficient of thermal expansion as the polyester foam, particularly when fabricating laminated composite structures with polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam insulation layers.
  • PIR polyisocyanurate
  • a coefficient of thermal expansion of a facer material structure at an interface between the facer material and insulation layer is a coefficient of thermal expansion of a facer material structure at an interface between the facer material and insulation layer.
  • “Facer material structure” refers to, e.g. , a foam as opposed to a polymer in the foam. PIR foam tends to produce heat for a period of time after manufacture due to an exothermic chemical reaction during PIR foam polymerization. If the facer materials on opposing surfaces of the PIR foam insulation layer in a laminated composite have different coefficients of thermal expansion then the laminate composite can experience bowing or wa ⁇ ing as the PIR foam heats and then cools after manufacture.
  • a laminated composite structure comprises an insulation layer with polyester foam as a facer on both opposing surfaces of the insulation layer.
  • one polyester foam face acts as a coverboard layer while the other polyester foam resides between the insulation layer and a roof deck.
  • the polyester foams on the opposing faces can be the same or different (for example, same or different thickness).
  • a laminated composite structure having polyester foam on both opposing surfaces of an insulation layer is advantageous because it tends to have greater thermal dimensional stability as well as a lower thermal conductivity as compared to a laminated composite structure having a polyester foam on only one surface.
  • Lower thermal conductivity values are particularly desirably for laminated composite structures comprising PIR foam insulation layers that are free of halogenated blowing agents.
  • PIR foam that is free of halogenated blowing agents tends to have a higher thermal conductivity than PIR foam containing halogenated blowing agents.
  • these materials are bitumen materials, including asphalt and coal tar type bitumen.
  • the bitumen can be modified bitumen, which is bitumen blended with a polymer material such as styrene/butadiene/styrene block copolymers, atactic polypropylene polymers, and ethylene/styrene copolymers or
  • An accepted procedure for applying membrane materials to a polyester foam on a roof include alternately layering a bitumen material and a reinforcing material (such as glass fiber or glass fiber mat) to achieve 3-4 plies of the bitumen/reinforcing material.
  • a final bitumen layer (flood coat) is applied over the 3-4 plies and a coating of pea gravel it typically applied to the final bitumen layer.
  • Membrane materials can be applied as pre-manufactured rolls that contain bitumen (or modified bitumen) and reinforcing materials by rolling the pre-manufactured materials onto a polyester foam and sealing seams with bitumen.
  • a skilled artisan can identify many different methods of applying membrane materials over the polyester foam to achieve the present invention.
  • prepare the built-up roof system of the present invention by applying, in order, an insulation layer, a polyester foam layer and a wate ⁇ roofmg membrane layer over a roof deck so that the insulation layer is most proximate to the roof deck.
  • a second polyester foam layer can be applied between the roof deck and insulation layer.
  • application of the insulation layer and polymeric foam coverboard layer occurs simultaneously by applying a laminate of polyester foam and insulation layer material to a roof deck.
  • the laminate can include a second polyester foam layer positioned so that polyester foam layers sandwich the insulation layer.
  • the insulation layer is PIR foam.
  • Example 1 The following examples are provided to illustrate the present invention. The examples are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention and they should not be so inte ⁇ reted. Amounts are in weight parts or weight percentages unless otherwise indicated. Example 1
  • PET foam sheet (2.5 mm thick, density of 0.13 g/cm 3 as determined according to ASTM-D1622, and 0.6 meter (m) wide by 1.2 m long) is laminated to STYROFOAMTM (trademark of The Dow Chemical Company) brand extruded polystyrene foam using Ashland Chemicals adhesive Isomelt PURTM 200. Two laminated sheets are then butted together to make a 1.2 m square block. Hot asphalt is applied to the PET foam surface of the laminated material at a temperature of 220 °C and at a rate of 2 kilograms per square meter (kg/m ). A layer of asphalt impregnated fiberglass ply sheet is then pressed into the molten asphalt and the composite is cooled. After cooling to atmospheric temperature, there is no evidence of any physical distortion of the insulation foam. Cutting the board through sections of the composite shows no evidence of melting or color change in the polystyrene foam.
  • the PET foam sheet is 1.2 m wide, 2.4 m long, 1 mm thick, 25% crystalline, and has a 0.23 g/cm 3 density according to ASTM-D1622.
  • the isocyanurate foam is 51 mm thick.
  • the laminated composite foam structure comprises a PET foam affixed to a polyisocyanurate foam.
  • the polyisocyanurate foam has a facer on a surface opposite the PET foam.
  • Example 2 illustrates a BUR structure comprising a laminated composite structure of PET foam and insulating foam (isocyanurate foam) that is within the scope of the present invention.
  • a three-layer laminated composite foam structure comprising a polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam between and adhered to two PET foam sheets using the restrained rise process of Example 4 in U.S. Patent number 5,308,883 but modified to inco ⁇ orate a facer on top and bottom of the PIR foam as described in Example 3 of U.S. Patent number 5,308,883.
  • PET foam sheet for both the top and bottom facer.
  • PET foam sheet that is one mm thick with a density of 0.23 g/cm 3 (ASTM-D1622) and a crystallinity of 25 percent.
  • the PIR foam is 51 mm thick.
  • the laminate composite remains dimensionally stable (that is, without visible wa ⁇ ing or bowing) throughout fabrication and after fabrication.
  • Example 3 illustrates a BUR structure comprisi ⁇ g a symmetrical three-layer laminated composite structure of PET foam and insulating foam (isocyanurate foam) that is within the scope of the present invention.
  • Example 3 experiences thermal dimensional stability during and after manufacture in that it does not bow after fabrication.
  • Example 3 also demonstrates a particularly low thermal conductivity (0.14-0.13 British Thermal Units per hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit; or 0.24 — 0.22 Watts per meter per Kelvin, as per ASTME method C518), illustrating the value of using two PET foam facers to enhance a composite structure's insulating ability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de toiture composée amélioré comprenant une couche d'isolation, une couche de garnissage et une couche de membrane d'imperméabilisation, ladite couche de garnissage comprenant une mousse de polyester.
PCT/US2003/006253 2002-05-03 2003-02-28 Systeme de toiture composee ameliore WO2003093603A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003228227A AU2003228227A1 (en) 2002-05-03 2003-02-28 Improved built-up roof system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13814602A 2002-05-03 2002-05-03
US10/138,146 2002-05-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003093603A1 true WO2003093603A1 (fr) 2003-11-13

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ID=29399278

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2003/006253 WO2003093603A1 (fr) 2002-05-03 2003-02-28 Systeme de toiture composee ameliore

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AU (1) AU2003228227A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003093603A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2385079A1 (fr) * 2010-04-13 2011-11-09 Sekisui Alveo AG Mousse de polyoléfine et de bitume et sa production
AT13154U3 (de) * 2011-06-29 2013-11-15 Wopfinger Baustoffindustrie Gmbh Fassadenkonstruktion zur Wärmedämmung und Verkleidung von Gebäudeaußenwänden sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Fassadenkonstruktion

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US138146A (en) 1873-04-22 Improvement in breech-loading ordnance
US3029172A (en) * 1960-03-28 1962-04-10 Dow Chemical Co Polyurethane foam-coated expanded plastic insulation and roof board
US4351873A (en) * 1980-07-31 1982-09-28 Gaf Corporation Double faced insulating board
US4418108A (en) 1982-02-08 1983-11-29 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Composite roofing panel
US5000991A (en) * 1988-12-01 1991-03-19 Sekisui Kaseihin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for producing polyester resin foam and polyester resin foam sheet
US5422381A (en) * 1991-12-16 1995-06-06 M. & G. Richerche S.P.A. Foamed cellular polyester resins and process for their preparation
US6067770A (en) 1998-08-31 2000-05-30 Pactiv Corporation Methods for using a foam condensation board system
WO2002099219A1 (fr) * 2001-05-31 2002-12-12 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Systeme de toit multicouche ameliore

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US138146A (en) 1873-04-22 Improvement in breech-loading ordnance
US3029172A (en) * 1960-03-28 1962-04-10 Dow Chemical Co Polyurethane foam-coated expanded plastic insulation and roof board
US4351873A (en) * 1980-07-31 1982-09-28 Gaf Corporation Double faced insulating board
US4418108A (en) 1982-02-08 1983-11-29 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Composite roofing panel
US5000991A (en) * 1988-12-01 1991-03-19 Sekisui Kaseihin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for producing polyester resin foam and polyester resin foam sheet
US5000991B1 (en) * 1988-12-01 1997-09-16 Sekisui Plastics Process for producing polyester resin foam and polyester resin foam sheet
US5000991B2 (en) * 1988-12-01 2000-07-11 Sekisui Plastics Process for producing polyester resin foam and polyester resin foam sheet
US5422381A (en) * 1991-12-16 1995-06-06 M. & G. Richerche S.P.A. Foamed cellular polyester resins and process for their preparation
US6067770A (en) 1998-08-31 2000-05-30 Pactiv Corporation Methods for using a foam condensation board system
WO2002099219A1 (fr) * 2001-05-31 2002-12-12 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Systeme de toit multicouche ameliore

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2385079A1 (fr) * 2010-04-13 2011-11-09 Sekisui Alveo AG Mousse de polyoléfine et de bitume et sa production
AT13154U3 (de) * 2011-06-29 2013-11-15 Wopfinger Baustoffindustrie Gmbh Fassadenkonstruktion zur Wärmedämmung und Verkleidung von Gebäudeaußenwänden sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Fassadenkonstruktion

Also Published As

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