WO2003011315A1 - Composition pour inhiber l'activite tyrosine kinase des proteines src - Google Patents
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- WO2003011315A1 WO2003011315A1 PCT/FR2002/002735 FR0202735W WO03011315A1 WO 2003011315 A1 WO2003011315 A1 WO 2003011315A1 FR 0202735 W FR0202735 W FR 0202735W WO 03011315 A1 WO03011315 A1 WO 03011315A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/1703—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- A61K38/1709—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
- A61P19/10—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease for osteoporosis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of biology. It relates more particularly to the negative regulation of the tyrosine kinase enzymatic activity of the proteins Src and the like, and the applications of this negative regulation to the sub-regulation of the proliferation, differentiation and / or transformation of cells in vivo or ex vivo, in particular for an improved treatment of cancers, osteoporosis and derived bone diseases, as well as cerebral and myocardial ischemia, among others.
- the protein tyrosine kinase Src plays an important role in multiple signaling pathways regulating several different cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and transformation.
- the catalytic activity of the protein Src is. tightly regulated in vivo and can be modulated by the interactions of its SH2 and SH3 domains with high affinity ligands.
- the Src family protein tyrosine kinases were originally discovered in tumors in the viral form of an oncogenic retrovirus, the Rous sarcoma virus. This form, called v-Src, is constitutively active and represents a mutated form of a cellular protein, c-Src, expressed ubiquitously and very conserved during evolution.
- the search for homologous protein kinases made it possible to isolate 10 members of the Src family: Src, Fyn, Yes, Yrk, Blk, Fgr, Yck, Lck, Lyn and Frk.
- proteins have a very similar molecular structure with several structural domains important for their functions: an SH2 domain which interacts with protein sequences containing a phosphorylated tyrosine, an SH3 domain which interacts with proline-rich protein sequences, a catalytic tyrosine kinase domain, a C-terminal domain containing a phosphorylated tyrosine which negatively regulates tyrosine activity kinase (1).
- a proline-rich sequence is defined by the presence of one or more motifs-PX- ⁇ -P type motifs for which the two ⁇ -P residues ( ⁇ representing a hydrophobic amino acid) will form a hydrophobic zone called a helix. polyproline II able to bind to the hydrophobic region of the SH3 domain (2,3).
- the Src protein the Src protein proper
- the Src proteins the proteins of the above-mentioned Src family or any one of them.
- the Src protein has been implicated in a large number of different signal transduction pathways leading to cell proliferation or cell differentiation depending on the type of cell involved (1).
- the constitutively active oncogenic form v-Src induces the differentiation of PC12 cells into neuron-like cells (4), while the v-Src protein blocks the differentiation of chondroblasts into chondrocytes (5), which suggests that the Src protein plays an important role in the differentiation of neuronal cells and chondrocytes.
- high tyrosine kinase activity of the Src protein has been associated with cell transformation (6).
- the Src protein also plays an important role in cell cycle regulation, cell adhesion and migration, cell survival and angiogenesis (1,7), suggesting that the Src protein plays a critical role in normal cell functioning and that its activity needs to be tightly regulated.
- the Src protein is composed of two peptide modules, called SH2 and SH3 domains (for Src homology 2 and 3), a catalytic domain, and a regulatory C-terminal region containing a tyrosine residue (Y529) negatively regulating the activity of the protein Src.
- the enzymatic activity of the protein Src is regulated by intramolecular associations on the one hand between the SH2 domain and the phosphorylated C-terminal tyrosine and on the other hand between the SH3 domain and a small region which binds the SH2 domain to the domain kinase to give an inactive "closed" enzyme conformation (8).
- the catalytic activity of the Src protein can be modulated by three factors, which are: phosphorylation / dephosphorylation of C-terminal tyrosine; competition for the SH2 domain by a ligand containing a phosphotyrosine of high affinity; and competition for the SH3 domain by a proline-rich ligand with high affinity (8).
- APRO for "antiproliferatives" constitute a family of genes comprising, according to current knowledge, at least eight members in vertebrates: APROl (BTG2 / TIS21 / PC3), APR02 (BTG1), APR03 (PC3B), APR04 (BTG3 / ANA), APR05 (Tob2), APR06 (Tob), B9.10, and B9.15 (9-17).
- APR04 gene has hitherto been called ANA (for Abundant in the Neuroepithelium Area).
- BTG-2 (ATTC filing number: 97025) and BTG-3 (ATCC filing number: 97010) from the APRO family of proteins.
- the BTG-2 sequence corresponds to the Tob protein (APR06) and the BTG-3 sequence corresponds to the Tob2 protein (APR05).
- Tob (APR06) codes for a protein of 345 amino acids including a leader sequence of approximately 25 amino acids
- Tob2 (APR05) codes for a protein of 344 amino acids including a leader sequence of approximately 18 acids amines.
- the isolated nucleic acid molecules envisaged in this document must have an identity of at least 95% with these sequences.
- the peptide sequence of the Tob protein has a sequence identity in the N-terminal region (amino acids 1 to 115) of only 31% relative to the protein APR04 and that for the protein Tob2 l the sequence identity in the N-terminal region is only 16%.
- Tob and Tob2 have a proline and glutamine-rich sequence, which does not does not correspond to a proline-rich sequence in the sense that it is understood here.
- the proline and glutamine-rich sequences cannot interact with SH3 domains of the Src proteins.
- the protein APR04 the structure of which is described in the literature
- APR04 code for a protein of 252 amino acids.
- the amino-terminal part of the APR04 protein is homologous to the APRO proteins previously characterized, while its C-terminal part contains a proline-rich region (13,14).
- the APR04 protein although ubiquitously expressed, is very strongly expressed in neuroepithelial cells in the ventricular zone of the developing central nervous system, as well as in embryonic cartilage, suggesting that the APR04 protein play a role in neurogenesis and in the proliferation and / or differentiation of chondrocytes (14).
- An objective of the present invention is therefore to provide new means of prevention and / or treatment of cell proliferation, differentiation and / or transformation, in particular with a view to better prevention and / or improved treatment of cancers, in particularly colon, pancreatic and breast cancers, osteoporosis and related bone diseases and cerebral and myocardial ischemia.
- a biological material having a proline-rich C-terminal region or part in particular a biological material comprising a specific APRO type protein, provides functionalities allowing its use in the prevention and / or the treatment of the states having for cause or for factors of development a proliferation, a differentiation and / or a cellular transformation due to an increase in the tyrosine kinase activity of the protein Src.
- the present invention also provides means of prevention and / or treatment based on such biological material, in particular on such an appropriate protein or protein fraction, defined below.
- Fig. 1 shows the in vitro and in vivo interaction of Flag-APR04 with Src wt .
- Fig. 2 represents the results of tests for identification of the binding sites for APR04 and Src.
- Fig. 3 represents the suppression of the tyrosine kinase activity of Src and of the Ras / MAP kinase signaling in NIH 3T3 cells by overexpression of APR04.
- Fig. 4 shows the inhibition of the differentiation of PC12 cells mediated by NGF by overexpression of APR04.
- Fig. 5 shows the activation of Ras / MAP kinase signaling and the differentiation of PC12 cells by subregulation of endogenous APR04 protein.
- FIG. 1 breaks down as follows: a. Binding of Flag-APR04, Flag-APR04 ⁇ C, and Flag-APR04 ⁇ N proteins translated in vitro in the presence of methionine [] to GST- constructs SH3-SH2, GST-SH3 and GST-SH2. Amount used: 100% of the respective proteins used in the binding reactions; GST: GST (Glutathione S-transferase) beads. b. Co-immunoprecipitation of Src wt with Flag-APR04 in NIH 3T3 cells co-expressing Src wt and Flag-APR04. The immunoprecipitates (IP) were analyzed by immunoblotting (IB) with the anti-Src or anti-Flag antibodies. The data shown are representative of three independent experiments.
- Fig. 2 breaks down as follows: a, b. X-APR04 ⁇ N interacted with the Src protein wt (a), while Flag-APR04 ⁇ C did not interact (b). CD. Flag-APR04 interacted in vivo with the mutant ⁇ I296T of the protein Src (c), the inactivated kinase form of the protein Src (K297M) (d), the constitutively active form of the protein Src (Y529F) (d) and the form dominant negative of the protein Src (K297M Y529F) (d).
- the data are representative of three independent experiments.
- - Fig. 4 breaks down as follows: at. Co-immunoprecipitation of the endogenous APR04 protein with the endogenous Src protein in PC12 cells. Normal mouse antiserum does not give immunoprecipitate with the protein APR04. b. Co-localization of Src and APR04 in PC12 cells by confocal microscopy. The co-localization areas are the union of the respective localization areas of the Src protein and the APR04 protein.
- CD Inhibition of the differentiation of PC12 cells mediated by NGF (c) and of the kinase activity of the protein Src (d) by overexpression of the protein APR04. The activity of the endogenous Src protein was tested as described above.
- the data are representative of three independent experiments, e. Inhibition of Ras / MAP kinase signaling by overexpression of the APR04 protein.
- PC12 cells were co-transfected with 1 ⁇ g of 5x-Gal4-TATA / luciferase, 200 ng of Gal4-Elk-1 (Elk / gal), 1 ⁇ g of CMV- ⁇ Gal and the expression plasmids indicated, and have either left without stimulation or stimulated with NGF (100 ng / ml) for 6 hours.
- the data are representative of three independent experiments. - Fig.
- 5 breaks down as follows: a. Sub-regulation of the endogenous APR04 protein by antisense vector, pAS-APR04. PC12 cells were transiently transfected with pAS-APR04 and 200 ⁇ g of whole cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblotting with the antibodies indicated. b. Stimulation of the kinase activity of the protein Src in PC12 cells transiently transfected with pAS-APR04. The data are representative of three independent experiments. vs. Activation of the transcription of the Elk-1 protein by inhibition of expression of the endogenous APR04 protein.
- PC12 cells were transiently co-transfected with 1 ⁇ g of 5x-Gal4-TATA / luciferase, 200 ng of Gal4-Elk-1 (Elk / gal), 1 ⁇ g of CMV- ⁇ Gal, and pAS-APR04 or a blank vector witness.
- the transcriptional activation of the Elk-1 protein reflected by the luciferase activity and normalized with respect to the ⁇ Gal activity is indicated as an increase factor.
- the data are representative of four independent experiments.
- d Induction of PC12 cell differentiation by inhibition of expression of the endogenous APR04 protein.
- the cells were cotransfected with pAS-APR04 and a reporter plasmid CMV- ⁇ Gal and stained for expression of the lacZ gene after 6 days. Developments which corresponded to a size greater than two diameters of the cell body were counted as neurites. The data are representative of four independent experiments.
- composition useful for inducing a conformational modification of Src proteins comprising at least one biological material comprising a C-terminal region or part rich in proline.
- biological material comprising a C-terminal region or part rich in proline.
- the APR04 protein is considered below.
- An object of the present invention is thus to provide a pharmaceutical composition which is useful, in particular in the applications mentioned above.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a composition useful for inducing a conformational modification of the Src proteins.
- Yet another object of the invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition capable of exerting a sub-regulation of the tyrosine kinase activity of the proteins Src and the like.
- the SH3 / SH2 domains of the protein c-Src were expressed in bacteria in the form of fusion proteins with the GST protein (Genbank No U13852) (Glutathione-S-transferase), purified to homogeneity on glutathione-agarose beads, and tested for their ability to fix the Flag-APR04 protein translated in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte protein expression system (TNT® coupled reticulocyte lysate Systems, from Promega) of methionine [ ⁇ S] (see Fig. la).
- the association of the protein APR04 required both the SH2 domains and the SH3 domains, which suggested that the binding site was probably conformational and involved the entire protein structure.
- a mutated form of the protein APR04 lacking the proline-rich carboxy-terminal domain did not bind to the SH3-SH2 domains, while the mutated form of 1 ⁇ PR04 lacking the N-terminal domain (X-APR04 ⁇ N) but less strongly bound to the SH3-SH2 domains of the Src protein.
- NIH 3T3 ⁇ p ⁇ Q ⁇ a stable NIH 3T3 cell line was established, overexpressing the APR04 protein (NIH 3T3 ⁇ p ⁇ Q ⁇ ) and immunoprecipitates of Src were tested. endogenous from protein lysates of NIH 3T3 and NIH cells for the kinase activity of the protein Src in vitro in the presence of and enolase. The APR04 protein very strongly reduced the catalytic activity of the Src protein. An immunoblot test with the antibody against the Src protein confirmed for control that equivalent amounts of Src proteins were present in the two immunoprecipitation reactions (see FIG. 3a).
- the protein Src is required for mitogenesis induced by the growth factor EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) and leads to the activation of the Ras / Raf / MEK / ERK cascade (21).
- EGF Epimal Growth Factor
- the activation of the ERKs proteins was tested indirectly, by measuring the transactivation of the reporter gene for luciferase 5x-Gal4-TATA. / luciferase by a Gal4-Elkl (Elk / gal) construct containing the transactivation domain of the Elk-1 protein.
- Elk-1 a member of the Ets family of transcription factors, is an important physiological substrate for ERKs proteins. Transcriptional activation of the Src-dependent Elk-1 protein was inhibited by the APR04 protein in a dose-dependent manner (see Fig. 3b). As the hypothesis formed suggested, the APR04 ⁇ C protein did not inhibit the transcriptional activation of the Elk-1 protein, while the APR04 ⁇ N protein inhibited it, which confirmed that the inhibition was due to the proline-rich domain of the APR04 protein.
- Cyclin Dl plays a well-established role in regulating progression in the Gl phase of the cell cycle and in promoting cell proliferation. Its level of expression has been shown to be modulated by the Ras / Raf / MEK / ERK signaling pathway (22).
- Ras / Raf / MEK / ERK signaling pathway 212.
- transient expression studies were carried out using the human cyclin Dl promoter linked to the reporter gene for luciferase.
- the APR04 protein significantly downregulated the activity of the cyclin D1 promoter in a dose-dependent manner (see Fig. 3c).
- Immunoprecipitates of endogenous Src and normal mouse antiserum derived from protein lysates of PC12 cells were analyzed by immunoblotting with a specific antibody affinity purified, generated against a GST-APR04 fusion protein containing the C-terminal domain of the human APR04 protein. Both Src and APR04 proteins were present in Src immunoprecipitates, while mouse antiserum did not immunoprecipitate APR04 protein (see Fig. 4a).
- a confocal microscopy study revealed extensive cytoplasmic colocalization between the proteins Src and APR04 in PC12 cells (see Fig. 4b).
- PC12 cells are a model system for studying the differentiation of neuronal cells.
- the PC12 cell line responds to the Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) by extending neurites and developing many other properties similar to those of sympathetic neurons (23).
- NGF Nerve Growth Factor
- PC12 J ⁇ - ⁇ Q ⁇ a stable line of PC12 cells overexpressing the APR04 protein
- PC12 J ⁇ - ⁇ Q ⁇ was established.
- PC12 PRQ4 cells did not differentiate (see Fig. 4c), which suggests that overexpression of the APR04 protein could affect the signal cascade mediated by the NGF.
- the expression of the constitutively active oncogenic form, i.e. v-Src is known to induce the growth of neurites in PC12 cells (4), the sub-regulation of the activity of the Src protein could have an effect on the differentiation of PC12 cells.
- Src, endogenous Src immunoprecipitates from protein lysates from PC12 and PC12APRQ4 cells were tested for the catalytic activity of the Src protein in vitro, in the presence of enolase.
- the APR04 protein reduced the catalytic activity of the Src protein (see Fig. 4d).
- An immunoblot test with the antibody against the Src protein confirmed for control that equivalent quantities of Src proteins were present in the two reactions (see FIG. 4d).
- the endogenous expression of the APR04 protein was inhibited by expression of an antisense vector (pAS-APR04).
- the PC12 cells were transiently transfected with the plasmid ⁇ AS-APR04 and the cell lysates were analyzed by imrnunoblotting with an antibody directed against the affinity purified protein APR04.
- This vector significantly reduced the level of expression of the APR04 protein without affecting the expression of the Src protein (see FIG. 5a).
- PC12 cells were transiently transfected with pAS-APR04 and tested for their tyrosine kinase activity.
- the catalytic activity of the Src protein was increased in the PC 12 cells transfected with pAS-APR04 compared to the PC12 control cells (see FIG. 5b).
- PC12 cells were co-transfected with pAS-APR04, a Gal4-Elk-1 transactivation construct, and the reporter gene of luciferase 5x-Gal4-TATA / luciferase and tested for their transcriptional activity of the protein Elk-1.
- the transcriptional activity of the Elk-1 protein was substantially increased in the PC12 cells transfected with the plasmid pAS-APR04 compared to the PC12 control cells (see FIG. 5c), which confirmed that the APR04 protein regulated the Ras signaling pathway.
- MAP kinase by sub-regulating the tyrosine kinase activity of the protein Src.
- the plasmid pAS-APR04 was co-transfected with a CMV- ⁇ Gal reporter plasmid in PC12 cells.
- the plasmid CMV- ⁇ Gal makes it possible to detect the transfected cells which express the lacZ gene by a staining reaction in the presence of X-Gal.
- 70% of PC12 cells co-transfected with CMV- ⁇ Gal and ⁇ AS-APR04 developed neurites after 6 days (see Fig. 5d), while none of the PC12 cells co-transfected with CMV- ⁇ Gal and the non-recombinant control vector did not develop neurites (data not shown).
- Caveolin a 22 kDa integral membrane protein, which is a major component of the structural regulation of caveolae membranes, has been shown to bind to and suppress the tyrosine kinase activity of the protein Src (25). Caveolin also interacts with the H-Ras and G ⁇ subunits and suppresses the GTPase activity of G ⁇ (25). More recently, it has been shown that RACK1 (receptor for activated protein kinase C) and a homolog of the ⁇ subunit of G proteins binds to the SH2 domain of Src and inhibits its catalytic activity (26).
- the expression of the APR04 protein has also been shown to be dependent on the cell cycle (13,14), suggesting that the APR04 protein may also be involved in the negative control of the cell cycle by modulation of the catalytic activity of the protein Src. Based on the physiological data provided here, it is believed that, in the cell, the APR04 protein is linked to the Src protein and protects it against non-specific activation, maintaining it in a conformation where the SH2 and SH3 domains are inaccessible. . The APR04 protein could thus act as a conformational regulator of the activity of the Src protein.
- the results presented here show that the APR04 protein implements in vivo or ex vivo an essential negative regulatory mechanism for the signaling pathways involving the Src protein. Since the Src protein is involved in many biological responses such as transformation, mitogenesis and differentiation, the APR04 protein can exert a marked effect on these physiological processes.
- the first object of the invention is thus a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one biological material comprising a C-terminal region or part rich in proline, in particular a protein and / or a protein fraction having a C-terminal region rich in proline, preferably an APR04 protein, optionally in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- said protein or protein fraction having a proline-rich C-terminal region is advantageously present in a therapeutically effective amount for the down regulation of the tyrosine kinase activity of the Src proteins.
- Such a protein or protein fraction having a C-terminal domain rich in proline can be of natural origin, and come for example from plant extracts, yeasts, tissues or secretions of animal origin, cell cultures or else microbial fermentation media. It can also be treated according to techniques known to a person skilled in the art to be made more suitable for its therapeutic use, or synthesized from host cells, of animal origin or from insects, bacteria, transformed yeasts, who produce so stable by genetic engineering the APR04 protein or an analogue of the recombinant APR04 protein.
- analogue is understood here to mean any protein or protein fraction whose amino acid sequence contains a proline-rich C-terminal sequence conserved from a phylogenetic point of view and having the characteristics described above with reference to the data in the literature (2,3 ). Those skilled in the art can verify this analogy by conventional searches in databases using appropriate bioinformatics programs.
- the invention relates to the use of a biological material as described above, in particular the APR04 protein and / or an analog of the recombinant APR04 protein, for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition useful for providing in warm-blooded animals, including humans, under-regulation of the activity of the enzyme tyrosine kinase Src.
- this use is aimed at the treatment and / or prevention of the conditions chosen from cancers, osteoporosis, bone diseases derived from osteoporosis, and cerebral and myocardial ischaemias.
- the protein Src is indeed involved in the development and progression of certain types of human cancers, in particular but not exclusively cancers of the colon, pancreas and breast (28). The decrease in the tyrosine kinase activity of the protein Src thus constitutes a therapeutic target for these types of cancers, among others. Although expressed ubiquitously, the Src protein is also very strongly expressed in osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are giant multinucleated cells involved in normal and pathological bone resorption (29).
- Osteoporosis results from an imbalance between bone formation and resorption. This imbalance can come either from a decrease in bone formation due to age, or from a decoupling of the resorption / bone formation balance (32).
- One way to control the disease, as well as related bone diseases, is to control the activity of osteoclasts by inhibiting the tyrosine kinase activity of the protein Src.
- VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor
- the protein Src has been shown to regulate VEGF-mediated vascular permeability in the brain of mice after a stroke.
- the suppression of the tyrosine kinase activity of the Src protein observed in mice invalidated for the Src protein is at the origin of a reduction in vascular permeability and consequently of a reduction in brain damage ( 34).
- the subject of the invention can take different embodiments.
- its subject is a vector construct for inhibiting the tyrosine kinase activity of the protein Src, said vector construct comprising a viral material, not having a pathogenic character or inactivated, that is to say in practice modified and / or attenuated, of a type preferably chosen from recombinant retroviruses, adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses (AAV) and lentiviruses, and containing either all of the sequence coding for the APR04 protein, ie the C-terminal part coding for the domain rich in proline residues of the APR04 protein or its analogs.
- a viral material not having a pathogenic character or inactivated, that is to say in practice modified and / or attenuated, of a type preferably chosen from recombinant retroviruses, adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses (AAV) and lentiviruses, and containing either all of the sequence coding for the APR04
- the subject of the invention is a plasmid construct or construction product for the treatment of a tissue, said construct containing either the entire sequence coding for the APR04 protein or its analogs, or part C -terminal coding for the domain rich in proline residues of the protein APR04 or its analogues, advantageously under the control of a specific promoter of the tissue to be treated.
- hALA alpha-lactalbumin
- oBLG beta-lactoglobulin
- pCEA pancreatitis-associated protein I
- most solid tumors exhibit tissue hypoxia due to aberrant vascularization of the tumor tissue (40).
- a promoter combining not only regulatory sequences dependent on estrogen, but also regulatory sequences of hypoxia will allow to selectively induce (by estrogenic and hypoxic agents) the expression of the APR04 gene or of its analogues in breast cancer cells.
- the present invention consists in the use of molecules, advantageously peptide molecules, which mimic the APR04-Src interaction and which can be chosen from molecules chemically synthesized from the C-terminal protein sequence rich in proline defined above, or can be produced by recombination using a protein expression vector containing the sequence coding for the C-terminal domain of the APR04 protein or its analogs, and expressed in different expression systems, such as for example bacteria, yeasts or insects.
- these peptides can, optionally, contain modified type D amino acids, such as ⁇ -alanine, diiodotyrosine, ornithine, hydroxyproline and ⁇ -naphthylalanine , which unlike natural amino acids type L are not recognized by proteolytic enzymes.
- modified type D amino acids such as ⁇ -alanine, diiodotyrosine, ornithine, hydroxyproline and ⁇ -naphthylalanine , which unlike natural amino acids type L are not recognized by proteolytic enzymes.
- These peptides can optionally also be chosen, in part or in whole, by screening combinatorial libraries of peptides or molecules by the so-called phage display technique (41).
- screenings of agonist molecules are carried out by the technique known as USPS (Ubiquitin-based split-protein sensor), described by Johnsson et al. (42).
- ubiquitin which is a protein of 76 amino acids containing a single protein domain
- USB for Ubiquitin specifies protease
- a C-terminal fragment of ubiquitin (Cub) is expressed in fusion with a reporter gene, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and linked to the C-terminal domain of the protein APR04 (Cub-APR04c-term).
- An expression library encoding randomly translated sequences is fused to the N-terminal fragment of ubiquitin (Nub) and screened using Cub-APR04c-term for eukaryotic cells which express the active DHFR reporter gene. This technique can be applied both in specific cell types and in yeast.
- the mode of administration of the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention, and the amounts of said composition to be administered for the prevention and / or treatment of conditions for which the downregulation of the tyrosine kinase activity of the protein Src constitutes a appropriate answer, can be chosen by the skilled person in each case.
- synthetic systems can be used which encapsulate or complex with plasmid DNA and protect it from degradation.
- These systems are based on the use of cationic lipids or cationic polymers, such as for example PLL (poly-L-lysine) and / or PEI (polyethyleneimine), which have a hydrophilic group which interacts with DNA and a lipophilic group which allows the polymer to self-assemble into vesicles or similar structures (43).
- PLL poly-L-lysine
- PEI polyethyleneimine
- NIH 3T3 cells (ATCC No CRL-1658) were cultured in Eagle medium modified by Dulbecco (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum.
- PC12 cells (ATCC No CRL-1721) were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% horse serum and 5% fetal bovine serum.
- NIH 3T3 cells and PC12 cells stably transfected with the Flag-APR04 construct (NIH 3T3A R Q 4 and PC12 A RQ 4 respectively) were maintained in the presence of G418 (400 ⁇ g / ml).
- the human cDNA of the APR04 gene (Swissprot No Q14201) was isolated by PCR from a human brain cDNA library using a 5 'primer containing an EcoRI restriction site: 5'-ggaattcATGAAGAATGAAATTGCTGCC-3 'and a 3' primer containing a SalI restriction site:
- the cDNA was then subcloned into the Eco ⁇ I-XhoI sites of the vector PSS-188 carrying a CMV promoter and an N-terminal flag epitope marker (small sequence of 8 amino acids which allows the detection of a given protein in vivo using an anti-Flag® antibody, see US Pat. Nos. 4,703,004 and 4,782,137) to produce the Flag-APR04 construct.
- X-APR04 ⁇ N comprises the C-terminal domain (amino acids 145 to 252) of the protein APR04 and has been subcloned into the Eco ⁇ l-B m ⁇ I sites of the vector pcDNA3.1 / His TM (Invitrogen) containing an epitope marker Xpress (small sequence of 8 amino acids which allows the detection of a given protein in vivo using an anti-Xpress TM antibody, Invitrogen).
- Flag-APR04 ⁇ C (amino acids 1 to 134) was isolated by excision of a DNA fragment from the A ⁇ al restriction site of the Flag-APR04 construct. ⁇ I296T, K297M, Y529F (supplied by T.
- pAS-APR04 includes nucleotides 1-756 of the APR04 cDNA cloned into the vector pcDNA3 in an antisense orientation.
- the GST-SH3-SH2 construct was isolated by PCR using a 5 'primer containing a B ⁇ mHI restriction site (GEXSH5):
- GST-SH3 was constructed using a 5 'primer (GEX-SH5) and a 3' primer containing an EcoRI restriction site: 5'-ggaattcGGATGGAGTCGGAGG-3 '.
- the GST-SH2 construct was obtained using a 5 'primer containing a BamHh 5'-cgggatccCCGACTCCATCCAGG-3' restriction site and a 3 'primer (GEX-SH3).
- Plasmids Flag-APR04, Flag-APR04 ⁇ C and X-APR04 ⁇ N were transcribed and translated in vitro with a rabbit reticulocyte protein expression system (TNT® coupled reticulocyte lysate Systems from the company Promega) of coupled rabbit reticulocyte lysate at TNT in the presence of metMonine [- "S] in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions (Promega).
- TNT® coupled reticulocyte lysate Systems from the company Promega
- fusion protein-GST immobilized on glutathione-sepharose® beads were incubated with product translated in vitro in buffer B (50 mM Tris pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 1% NP-40, 1 mM EDTA, 10% glycerol, 1 mM PMSF) for 3 hours at 4 ° C.
- buffer B 50 mM Tris pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 1% NP-40, 1 mM EDTA, 10% glycerol, 1 mM PMSF
- 10 'NIH 3T3 cells were transiently co-transfected using Lipofectamine TM (Life Technologies) with 8 ⁇ g of Flag-APR04 and 8 ⁇ g of the appropriate Src constructs.
- the transfection medium was changed after 6 h and the cells were collected 48 h after transfection.
- 5x-Gal4-TATA / luciferase and a plasmid encoding the Gal4-Elk-1 (Elk-Gal) transactivation domain (Stratagene) were used in combination with other plasmids as shown in the figures.
- the CMV- ⁇ Gal construct was transfected as an internal control of gene expression after transfection.
- the cells were transfected as described in culture dishes 60 mm in diameter. 48 h after transfection, the cells were deprived in serum for 20 h and either left untreated or treated with NGF (100 ng / ml) for the time indicated before being collected. Luciferase activity was detected with a luminometer using the Luciferase Assay System (Promega, see US Pat. Nos. 5,283,179, 5,641,641 and 5,650,289) and the expression of ⁇ -Gal was evaluated by absorbance at A420 The results were normalized with respect to ⁇ -Gal activity. The luciferase tests were performed in triplicate and repeated at least three times in independent transfection experiments.
- NIH 3T3 cells were incubated in Lysis buffer L (10 mM Tris pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 0.5% NP-40, 10% glycerol, 1 mM EDTA, 2 mM NaF, 2 mM Na 3 V0 4 , 10 ⁇ g / ml of aprotinin, 10 ⁇ g / ml of leupeptin, 1 mM PMSF) for 30 min at 4 ° C.
- Lysis buffer L 10 mM Tris pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 0.5% NP-40, 10% glycerol, 1 mM EDTA, 2 mM NaF, 2 mM Na 3 V0 4 , 10 ⁇ g / ml of aprotinin, 10 ⁇ g / ml of leupeptin, 1 mM PMSF
- the lysates were clarified by centrifugation at 15,000 xg for 15 min and pre-incubated by in
- the supernatants were then incubated overnight with the appropriate antibody and the G-Sepharose® protein beads, washed three times with L buffer and then separated on an SDS-PAGE gel, followed by immunoblotting on a polyvinylidine difluoride (PVDF TM) membrane (Biorad), and treated as recommended by the manufacturer.
- PVDF TM polyvinylidine difluoride
- the following antibodies were used: anti-Flag® M2 (Sigma), anti-Xpress TM (Invitrogen), anti Src MAb 327 (Calbiochem).
- a polyclonal rabbit antibody was generated against a GST-APR04 fusion protein containing the C-terminal domain of the human APR04 protein (amino acids 145 to 252). The antibody was affinity-purified first on a resin coupled to GST, then on a resin coupled to protein A. The proteins were detected by a chemiluminescence test (ECL Plus) (Amersham).
- Endogenous anti-Src immunoprecipitates from NIH 3T3 cells and NIH cells or PC12 cells and PC12 / i L R04 cells were washed twice with kinase reaction buffer (40 mM Hepes, pH 7.4, 10 mM MC ⁇ , 3 mM MnC ⁇ ) and then incubated with 2, 5 ⁇ g of denatured rabbit muscle enolase (Sigma), 0.5 ⁇ M ATP, 1 mM DTT and 10 ⁇ Ci of [ ⁇ 2p] ATP p enc [ an t 15 min at 30 ° C.
- the proteins were separated on an SDS-PAGE gel and visualized by autoradiography with an intensification screen.
- the analysis by confocal microscopy was carried out on a Zeiss LSM510 device equipped with a 100 ⁇ Zeiss immersion lens.
- PC12 cells were fixed in 3% paraformaldehyde in buffered saline (PBS) for 30 min at room temperature and were permeabilized in the presence of a PBS solution containing 0.5% Triton®-X100 for 1 min .
- the Src protein was detected using a monoclonal anti-Src MAb 327 antibody and a secondary anti-mouse goat antibody conjugated to Alexa 488® (Molecular Probes).
- the APR04 protein was detected using an affinity purified anti-APR04 polyclonal antibody and a Texas-Red® conjugated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories). Images were collected using appropriate excitation and emission filters.
- the invention thus described and illustrated finds an application in the treatment and / or prevention of conditions having for cause and / or development factors a proliferation, differentiation and / or cellular transformation, while said conditions are correlated with an increase in the tyrosine kinase activity of Src proteins in the body affected or likely to be affected by such a condition.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is devoid of toxicity for humans and warm-blooded animals, since the APR04 protein is present in their organisms in endogenous form.
- the recommendations for modes of administration, quantities to be administered and unit doses can be defined in each case by the person skilled in the art, on the basis of his own knowledge and possible routine tests. They depend on the patient's condition and on the other parameters usually taken into account for the latter in medicine. It should be noted here that the quantity administered can be all the better suited to the treatment or prevention sought when the active substance of the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention has a dose-dependent therapeutic effect.
- Yoshida Y. et al. ANA, a novel member of Tob / BTGl family, is expressed in the ventricular zone of the developing central nervous system. Oncogene 16, 2687-2693 (1998).
- Wilson, LK, Luttrell, DK, Parsons, JT & Parsons, SJ pp60 c'src tyrosine kinase, myristylation, and modulatory domains are required for enhanced mitogenic responsiveness to epidermal growth factor seen in cells overexpressing c-src. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9, 1536-1544 (1989).
- pancreatitis-associated protein I promoter allows targeting to the pancreas of a foreign gene, whose expression is up- regulated during pancreatic inflammation. /. Biol. Chem. 272: 5800-5804 (1997).
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR01/10200 | 2001-07-30 | ||
FR0110200A FR2827773A1 (fr) | 2001-07-30 | 2001-07-30 | Composition pour la regulation negative de l'activite tyrosine kinase des proteines src et analogues, et applications |
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PCT/FR2002/002735 WO2003011315A1 (fr) | 2001-07-30 | 2002-07-30 | Composition pour inhiber l'activite tyrosine kinase des proteines src |
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WO1998012204A1 (fr) * | 1996-09-18 | 1998-03-26 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Genes 2 et 3 de translocation de lymphocytes b humains |
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WO1998012204A1 (fr) * | 1996-09-18 | 1998-03-26 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Genes 2 et 3 de translocation de lymphocytes b humains |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
J.-S. LEE ET AL.: "Salp-alpha and Salp-beta, growth-arresting homologs of Sam68.", GENE, vol. 240, 1999, AMSTERDAM, NL, pages 133 - 147, XP002202856 * |
S. MATSUDA ET AL.: "In search of a function for the TIS21/PC3/BTG1/TOB family.", FEBS LETTERS, vol. 497, no. 2,3, 25 May 2001 (2001-05-25), AMSTERDAM, NL, pages 67 - 72, XP002202854 * |
T. SUZUKI ET AL.: "A serine/threonine kinase p90rsk1 phosphorylates the anti-proliferative protein Tob.", GENES TO CELLS, vol. 6, no. 2, February 2001 (2001-02-01), OXFORD, GB, pages 131 - 138, XP002202855 * |
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