WO2002098925A2 - Kolloidkatalysierte gasübertragung in überkritischer phase - Google Patents
Kolloidkatalysierte gasübertragung in überkritischer phase Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002098925A2 WO2002098925A2 PCT/EP2002/005719 EP0205719W WO02098925A2 WO 2002098925 A2 WO2002098925 A2 WO 2002098925A2 EP 0205719 W EP0205719 W EP 0205719W WO 02098925 A2 WO02098925 A2 WO 02098925A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- poly
- supercritical
- metal
- polystyrene
- hydrogen transfer
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003006 2-dimethylaminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940068984 polyvinyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007327 hydrogenolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007210 heterogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007172 homogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- QXLPXWSKPNOQLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylpentynol Chemical compound CCC(C)(O)C#C QXLPXWSKPNOQLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- CGHIBGNXEGJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexyne Chemical compound CCCCC#C CGHIBGNXEGJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPWNCLVNXGCGAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylbut-1-yne Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C#C PPWNCLVNXGCGAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFYAEUXHCMTPOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methyl-1-penten-3-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)(O)C=C HFYAEUXHCMTPOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=NC=C1 KFDVPJUYSDEJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000089486 Phragmites australis subsp australis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009905 homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003049 inorganic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001867 inorganic solvent Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002338 polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GETTZEONDQJALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluorotoluene Substances FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC=C1 GETTZEONDQJALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B35/00—Reactions without formation or introduction of functional groups containing hetero atoms, involving a change in the type of bonding between two carbon atoms already directly linked
- C07B35/02—Reduction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/17—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation
- C07C5/08—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon triple bonds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for transferring hydrogen to chemical compounds by catalysis with stabilized metal colloids, and to the use of stabilized metal colloids in a method for transferring hydrogen to chemical compounds.
- Catalysis with metal colloids is usually carried out in conventional solvents.
- DE-A 197 45 904 relates to metal colloid solutions which are stabilized by at least one cation exchange polymer.
- the stabilized metal colloids are described as being soluble in water or an organic solvent.
- the metal colloids disclosed in DE-A 197 45 904 are suitable as catalysts, in particular for fuel cells.
- RU-C 2144020 relates to a process for the hydrogenation of acetylenic alcohols to the corresponding ethylenic alcohols with hydrogen using micellar, palladium-containing catalysts.
- the catalysts are made up of Pd (0), which was applied in the form of palladium acetate to a polystyrene-4-vinylpyridine block copolymer and then reduced. In the final catalyst, the palladium nanoparticles obtained were applied to aluminum oxide.
- DE-A 195 06 113 relates to liquid colloidal metal preparations which contain micelles which consist of a block copolymer which has at least one polymer block which solvates in the solvent and one polymer block which is capable of binding to the colloidal metal, in a liquid organic or inorganic solvent.
- micelles consist of a block copolymer which has at least one polymer block which solvates in the solvent and one polymer block which is capable of binding to the colloidal metal, in a liquid organic or inorganic solvent.
- BESTATIGUNGSKOPIE WO 01/14289 relates to a process for carrying out catalytic reactions in supercritical carbon dioxide, in which a fluid mixture which contains at least one reactant and carbon dioxide is brought into contact with a catalyst which is bound to a polymer and the reactant is in contact with the catalyst Interaction occurs with the formation of a reaction product.
- the polymer used can either be soluble or insoluble in carbon dioxide.
- Polymers with CO 2 -philic groups are mentioned as suitable soluble polymers. Examples of CO 2 -phile groups are silicone-containing groups or polysiloxanes, halogen (in particular fluorine) -containing groups or halogen (in particular fluoro-) carbons as well as branched polyalkylene oxides and fluorinated polyethers.
- the fluorine-containing unit is usually a "fluoropolymer".
- CO 2 -phobic groups include aromatic polymers and oligomers which are composed of styrene, acrylate or vinylpyrrolidone monomers.
- cationic-homogeneous catalysis in supercritical fluid can only be used with fluorinated ligands or with the help of fluorinated cosolvents.
- This object is achieved by a method for hydrogen transfer to chemical compounds, the hydrogen transfer being carried out in the supercritical or subcritical phase using stabilized and dispersed metal particles.
- the metal particles are preferably used in the form of metal clusters or particles of colloidal size.
- Metal colloids are systems in which there are metal particles with a diameter of the order of 1 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- the extremely fine-particle metal itself is called colloidal metal.
- Metal clusters are understood to mean metal particles which consist of only a few - a few to a few thousand - metal atoms and which are at the lower end of the size scale for colloidal metal (diameter of the metal ponds in metal colloids: lnm to 1 ⁇ ).
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for transferring hydrogen to chemical compounds, in which the chemical compounds are reacted as catalysts in the presence of dispersed metal colloids stabilized by organic compounds or embedded in organic compounds.
- the process according to the invention is then characterized in that the reaction is carried out in the supercritical or subcritical phase.
- the process according to the invention is distinguished by high reaction rates and thus high efficiency. Due to the use of supercritical solvents, no possibly toxic solvent residues remain in the
- heterogeneous catalysis good separability etc.
- homogeneous catalysis catalyst utilization, selectivity etc.
- the hydrogen concentration in the solvent can be selected almost freely and is no longer a limiting factor in the reaction as in liquid solvents in which the solubility of hydrogen is low.
- supercritical refers to the state of the solvent (fluid) used.
- carbon dioxide is in a supercritical state if the temperature is above 31.1 ° C and at the same time the pressure is above 73.8 bar.
- Supercritical fluids show both liquid and gaseous properties, e.g. a liquid-like density and a gas-like viscosity.
- the diffusivity of supercritical fluids lies between the values of gases and liquids. Due to the increased mass transport, gaseous properties are advantageous in the reaction chemistry.
- a particularly important property of supercritical fluids is that they are completely miscible with any type of gas, including hydrogen gas. That is, when the solvent is in the supercritical state, the hydrogen gas used for the reduction can be easily mixed with the solvent.
- the selection of the suitable solvent depends on the type of hydrogen transfer reaction and the used starting products.
- Aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethane, propane or butane are particularly suitable; carbon dioxide; Alcohols such as methanol or ethanol; or mixtures thereof.
- the supercritical or subcritical phase very particularly preferably contains carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is environmentally friendly, non-toxic, non-flammable, inexpensive, corrosion-resistant and readily available. In the process according to the invention for hydrogen transmission, it can act simultaneously as a solvent and protective gas.
- metal colloids The production of metal colloids has been known for a long time.
- Metal salts in solution are usually reduced to metal in the presence of stabilizers (see e.g. G. Schmid, VCH-Verlag 1994, Clusters and Colloids).
- the stabilizers are substances that are able to form coordinative bonds with the metal, thereby protecting it from agglomeration.
- Organic compounds are used as stabilizers in the process according to the present application. Suitable organic compounds are coordinatable compounds (ligands) or polymers. According to the present application, preferred organic compounds are polymers.
- the metal colloids stabilized by organic compounds or embedded in organic compounds are referred to below as stabilized metal colloids.
- the stabilized metal colloids are preferably metal colloids embedded in organic compounds.
- the stabilized metal colloids are preferably dispersible in the supercritical phase. It is known that the solubility of polymers in a supercritical phase, in particular in supercritical carbon dioxide, is moderate to poor. According to WO 01/14289, polymers containing CO -phile groups are soluble in carbon dioxide. Silicon-containing groups or polysiloxanes, halogen (in particular fluorine) -containing groups or halogen (in particular fluoro-) carbons as well as branched polyalkylene oxides and fluorinated polyethers are mentioned as CO-philic groups.
- block copolymers as stabilizers, preferably block copolymers, in which at least two polymer blocks selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, polyalkylstyrene, polyisoprene, polymethyl (meth) acrylate and polybutadiene, poly-4-vinylpyridine, poly-2-vinylpyridine, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, poly (meth) acrylic acid, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polydimethylsiloxane, Poly-2-dimethylamino-ethyl (meth) acrylate and polyethylene are used, catalysts are obtained which are dispersed in the supercritical phase, in particular in supercritical carbon dioxide, in colloidal form.
- Block copolymers selected from polystyrene-poly-4-vinylpyridine, polystyrene-poly-2-vinylpyridine, polystyrene-poly- (meth) acrylic acid, polystyrene-poly-ethylene glycol, polystyrene-poly-ethylene oxide, polystyrene-poly-hydroxy are particularly preferred as stabilizers -ethyl methacrylate, polystyrene-poly-vinyl alcohol, polydimethylsiloxane-poly-ethylene oxide, poly-2-dimethylamino-ethyl methacrylate-poly-methyl methacrylate and polyethylene oxide-polyethylene used.
- polystyrene from polymethyl methacrylate.
- Polystyrene-poly-4-vinylpyridine block copolymers are very particularly preferably used as stabilizers.
- the preparation of the block copolymers preferably used according to the invention is known to the person skilled in the art. You can e.g. can be obtained by anionic polymerization of the corresponding monomers (M. Antonietti, Chem. Mater. 1997, No. 9, 923-931).
- the polystyrene-poly-4-vinylpyridine block copolymers used with particular preference are prepared according to a method described in Bronstein et al., J. Catal. 196, 302 to 312 (2000).
- the metal colloids are embedded in these polymers, preferably in the block copolymers mentioned.
- Such stabilized metal colloids are e.g. according to M. Antonietti, Chem. Mater. 1997, No. 9, 923-931.
- the metal colloids are metals, metal alloys or non-alloyed metal combinations. These are preferably selected from one or more metals from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, palladium, platinum, gold, silver, copper, rhodium, ruthenium and iridium; one or more metals are particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of palladium, gold , Platinum, rhodium and ruthenium are used.
- the metal colloids according to the invention very particularly preferably have a core selected from one of the metals mentioned above, in particular gold, which is surrounded by a layer of a further metal selected from the metal mentioned above, preferably palladium, which is different from the metal of the core ,
- a core selected from one of the metals mentioned above, in particular gold
- a further metal selected from the metal mentioned above, preferably palladium, which is different from the metal of the core
- a cosolvent can optionally be used to stabilize and disperse the metal particles.
- a cosolvent is preferably selected from the group consisting of toluene, o-, m-, p-xylene, ⁇ ,, -trifluorotoluene, benzene, ethylbenzene, cyclohexane, hexane, pentane and partially fluorinated alcohols.
- the hydrogen transfer reaction is preferably a reaction selected from the group consisting of hydrogenation, hydroformylation, hydrogenolysis, hydrocarboxylation and hydrosilylation.
- a hydrogenation or hydroformylation is particularly preferably carried out, very particularly preferably a hydrogenation.
- the reagents with which the chemical compounds are reacted in the presence of stabilized metal colloids as catalysts in the supercritical or in the subcritical phase depend on the particular hydrogen transfer reaction and correspond to the reagents used in the corresponding processes known from the prior art.
- the hydrogen transfer reaction is a preferred hydroformylation
- hydrogen and carbon monoxide are used as reagents.
- the process according to the invention can be applied to all common hydroformylation reactions on chemical compounds.
- the chemical compounds used in the hydroformylation carried out in accordance with the process according to the invention are preferably C 2 -C 20 -olefins or alkynes.
- the chemical compounds are reacted with hydrogen as a reagent.
- the process according to the invention can be applied to all common hydrogenation reactions on chemical compounds.
- Chemical compounds preferably used in the hydrogenation carried out according to the process of the invention are selected from the group consisting of alkynes; alkinols; Alkenes, especially unsaturated fatty acids; Nitro compounds; Carboxylic acids, especially fatty acids; Carbonyl compounds and aromatic compounds.
- Particularly preferred chemical compounds are alkynes and alkynols, very particularly preferably 1-hexyne, 3-methylpent-1-yn-3-ol, 3-phenylpropine, 3,3-dimethylbutine and phenylethine.
- the hydrogenation reactions which can be carried out with the process according to the invention are unselective (i.e. complete) and selective hydrogenations.
- An example of a selective hydrogenation is the hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes.
- the method can be carried out at any pressure / temperature combination, as long as it is ensured that a supercritical or subcritical phase is present.
- the exact pressure and temperature values depend on the corresponding hydrogen transfer reaction and the solvent used.
- the process is carried out in carbon dioxide, it is generally carried out at from 32 to 250 ° C., preferably from 40 to 100 ° C., particularly preferably from 50
- the supercritical or subcritical phase is usually produced by compressing the fluid used as solvent, preferably carbon dioxide, in a reactor at the temperature mentioned to the pressure mentioned, adding the chemical compounds, the catalyst and of the reagent used as a function of the hydrogen transfer reaction and, if appropriate, of further components, can be carried out before or after the compression, preferably first of all by adding the chemical compound, the catalyst, the one dependent on the Hydrogen transfer reaction used reagent, and optionally other components to the fluid used as a solvent and then the compression to the temperature and pressure mentioned to produce the supercritical or subcritical phase.
- a particularly preferred hydrogenation it is preferred to add enough hydrogen to set a hydrogen partial pressure of generally 1 to 100 bar, preferably 2 to 50 bar, particularly preferably 2 to 15 bar (pressure increase based on the previously set internal reactor pressure).
- the amount of the stabilized metal colloid used as a catalyst depends on the hydrogen transfer reaction carried out. In the particularly preferred hydrogenation, the amount is generally 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.02 to 2% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight, based on the chemical compound used.
- reaction time is also dependent on the hydrogen transfer reaction carried out and on the chemical compounds used.
- a reaction time of 1 minute to 1 hour, preferably 1 minute to 10 minutes, is customary.
- Hydrogenation of h in general, 30000 "to 8,000,000 h", preferably 100,000 h "1-4000000 h” 1, more preferably 500,000 h "1-2000000 h” 1 achieved conversion rates.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out continuously, semi-continuously or in a batch process, a continuous procedure being preferred.
- the stabilized metal colloids used as catalysts according to the invention can be recovered after the reaction and used again. Unreacted chemical compounds can also be recovered and reused.
- the solvent is compressed to produce a supercritical phase, so that it is in a supercritical or subcritical phase.
- hydrogen is added in a particularly preferred hydrogenation.
- the chemical compound to be hydrogenated and the stabilized metal colloid used according to the invention as a catalyst are added to this mixture.
- the components can be separated, for example by filtration, ultrafiltration, distillation or sedimentation.
- reactors usually used for reactions in the supercritical or subcritical phase such as stirred kettles or bubble columns, are suitable.
- the metals, metal alloys or non-alloyed metal combinations used, the stabilizers (preferably polymers) used to stabilize the metal colloids optionally by adding further substances as a function of the respective hydrogen transfer reaction, if appropriate by upstream reactions or by physical effects Reactivity and selectivity of the product formation are controlled, the variation preferably taking place in the above-mentioned areas.
- the process according to the invention is characterized in particular by the fact that by using stabilized metal colloids as catalysts in the process according to the invention, a simultaneous, i.e. in pairs, transfer of the two hydrogen atoms of a hydrogen molecule takes place, which is typical for a homogeneous hydrogenation.
- a simultaneous, i.e. in pairs, transfer of the two hydrogen atoms of a hydrogen molecule takes place, which is typical for a homogeneous hydrogenation.
- radical intermediates in the hydrogen transfer are avoided.
- the formation of by-products that can arise from the formation of radical intermediates is avoided.
- Another object of the present application is therefore the use of metal colloids stabilized by organic compounds or embedded in organic compounds as catalysts in a process for the hydrogen transfer to chemical compounds in the supercritical or in the subcritical phase to avoid the formation of radical intermediates during the hydrogen transfer. This reduces the formation of by-products due to side reactions of radical intermediates that are usually formed.
- Substrates and catalyst are placed in a suitable reactor or autoclave, in this case an NMR high-pressure probe.
- Mixed transition metal colloids which consist of gold nuclei surrounded by a palladium layer, serve as the catalyst.
- the colloids used here are stabilized by polystyrene-poly-4-vinylpyridine block copolymers (Bronstein et al. J. Catal. 196, 302-312 (2000)).
- 1-hexyne, 3-methylpent-1-yn-3-ol, 3-phenylpropine, 3,3-dimethylbutine and phenylethine are optionally used as characteristic substrates.
- carbon dioxide is compressed in the reactor at a temperature of 50 ° C.
- each of the specified substrates is hydrogenated at a constant hydrogen pressure (15 bar pressure increase based on the previously set internal reactor pressure of 150 bar CO 2 ).
- the course of the respective reaction is monitored in situ by NMR measurements. The progress of the reaction can be determined by evaluating the signals which change in the course of the reaction, for example the alkyne hydrogen signal. The conversion rates determined for all substrates used are considerably higher than those obtained in organic solvents.
- hydrogenations are also carried out at 2, 4, 8, 10 and 15 bar both of phenylethine and 3-methyl-pent-1-yn-3-ol.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02758203A EP1404725B1 (de) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-24 | Kolloidkatalysierte gasübertragung in überkritischer phase |
AU2002325219A AU2002325219A1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-24 | Colloid-catalysed gas transfer in supercritical phases |
AT02758203T ATE310024T1 (de) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-24 | Kolloidkatalysierte gasübertragung in überkritischer phase |
DE50204954T DE50204954D1 (de) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-24 | Kolloidkatalysierte gasübertragung in überkritischer phase |
US10/478,597 US7193120B2 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-25 | Colloid-catalyzed gas transfer in supercritical phases |
JP2003502045A JP4334338B2 (ja) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-25 | 超臨界相におけるコロイド−触媒作用によるガス移動 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10125613A DE10125613A1 (de) | 2001-05-25 | 2001-05-25 | Kolloidkatalysierte Wasserstoffübertragung in überkritischer Phase |
DE10125613.2 | 2001-05-25 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2002098925A2 true WO2002098925A2 (de) | 2002-12-12 |
WO2002098925A3 WO2002098925A3 (de) | 2003-09-12 |
WO2002098925A8 WO2002098925A8 (de) | 2003-12-24 |
Family
ID=7686184
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2002/005719 WO2002098925A2 (de) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-24 | Kolloidkatalysierte gasübertragung in überkritischer phase |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7193120B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1404725B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4334338B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE310024T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2002325219A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10125613A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002098925A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
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US20050042150A1 (en) * | 2003-08-19 | 2005-02-24 | Linnard Griffin | Apparatus and method for the production of hydrogen |
US20060188436A1 (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2006-08-24 | Linnard Griffin | Apparatus and method for the production of hydrogen |
US20060180464A1 (en) * | 2003-08-19 | 2006-08-17 | Linnard Griffin | Apparatus and method for the controllable production of hydrogen at an accelerated rate |
US20050109162A1 (en) * | 2003-11-24 | 2005-05-26 | Linnard Griffin | Apparatus and method for the reduction of metals |
US20090228397A1 (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-09-10 | Blue Kai, Lnc. | Exchange for tagged user information with scarcity control |
JP5936027B2 (ja) * | 2011-07-20 | 2016-06-15 | Jnc株式会社 | 基質と水素との反応生成物の製造方法 |
JP7280596B2 (ja) * | 2019-02-25 | 2023-05-24 | 大学共同利用機関法人自然科学研究機構 | 銀ナノ粒子樹脂複合体及び水素化触媒 |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US1028143A (en) * | 1910-07-29 | 1912-06-04 | William B Shepard | Aeroplane. |
US5238607A (en) * | 1992-02-28 | 1993-08-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Photoconductive polymer compositions and their use |
AU4957193A (en) * | 1992-09-14 | 1994-04-12 | Unichema Chemie Bv | Process for the production of alcohols |
DE4319909C2 (de) * | 1993-06-16 | 1996-11-07 | Solvay Deutschland | Palladium, Platin, Nickel, Kobalt und/oder Kupfer umfassender Aerogel-Trägerkatalysator, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Verwendung eines Palladium-Aerogel-Trägerkatalysators |
PL180955B1 (pl) * | 1994-07-01 | 2001-05-31 | Haerroed Magnus | Sposób uwodornienia substratów |
DE19506113A1 (de) | 1995-02-22 | 1996-08-29 | Max Planck Gesellschaft | Kolloidale Metallzubereitung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
DE19538872C2 (de) * | 1995-10-19 | 1997-12-18 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Verfahren zur Behandlung einer organischen Verbindung mit einem im überkritischen Zustand vorliegenden Lösungsmittel |
GB9607917D0 (en) * | 1996-04-17 | 1996-06-19 | Swan Thomas & Co Ltd | Supercritical hydrogenation |
ID18866A (id) * | 1996-11-11 | 1998-05-14 | Hoffmann La Roche | Hidrogenasi katalitik |
DE19745904A1 (de) * | 1997-10-17 | 1999-04-22 | Hoechst Ag | Polymerstabilisierte Metallkolloid-Lösungen, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung als Katalysatoren für Brennstoffzellen |
RU2144020C1 (ru) | 1998-06-24 | 2000-01-10 | Институт элементоорганических соединений им.А.Н.Несмеянова РАН | Способ гидрирования ацетиленовых спиртов |
GB2336363B (en) * | 1998-08-13 | 2000-03-15 | English Hop Products Limited | Hydrogenation of hop acids |
JP2980899B1 (ja) * | 1998-09-01 | 1999-11-22 | 科学技術振興事業団 | 列状に配置された金属超微粒子を含有する金属・有機ポリマー複合構造体とその製造方法 |
DE19913395A1 (de) * | 1999-03-24 | 2000-09-28 | Wolfgang Hoelderich | Einschlußverbindungen mit zeolithischem Wirtsgitter, deren Herstellung und Einsatz |
US6747179B1 (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2004-06-08 | North Carolina State University | Carbon dioxide-soluble polymers and swellable polymers for carbon dioxide applications |
AU6917200A (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2001-03-19 | North Carolina State University | Carbon dioxide-soluble polymers and swellable polymers for carbon dioxide applications |
-
2001
- 2001-05-25 DE DE10125613A patent/DE10125613A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-05-24 WO PCT/EP2002/005719 patent/WO2002098925A2/de active IP Right Grant
- 2002-05-24 AT AT02758203T patent/ATE310024T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-24 AU AU2002325219A patent/AU2002325219A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-05-24 EP EP02758203A patent/EP1404725B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-24 DE DE50204954T patent/DE50204954D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-25 US US10/478,597 patent/US7193120B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-25 JP JP2003502045A patent/JP4334338B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20040162377A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
EP1404725A2 (de) | 2004-04-07 |
JP4334338B2 (ja) | 2009-09-30 |
EP1404725B1 (de) | 2005-11-16 |
DE50204954D1 (de) | 2005-12-22 |
AU2002325219A1 (en) | 2002-12-16 |
WO2002098925A3 (de) | 2003-09-12 |
ATE310024T1 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
US7193120B2 (en) | 2007-03-20 |
JP2004527584A (ja) | 2004-09-09 |
DE10125613A1 (de) | 2002-11-28 |
WO2002098925A8 (de) | 2003-12-24 |
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