WO2002087939A2 - Installation de freinage avec simulateur pour vehicule, et simulateur pour une telle installation - Google Patents
Installation de freinage avec simulateur pour vehicule, et simulateur pour une telle installation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002087939A2 WO2002087939A2 PCT/FR2002/001393 FR0201393W WO02087939A2 WO 2002087939 A2 WO2002087939 A2 WO 2002087939A2 FR 0201393 W FR0201393 W FR 0201393W WO 02087939 A2 WO02087939 A2 WO 02087939A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- simulator
- piston
- shape memory
- memory element
- braking
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003387 muscular Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- KHYBPSFKEHXSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminotitanium Chemical compound [Ti]=N KHYBPSFKEHXSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012781 shape memory material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
- B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
- B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
- B60T8/4072—Systems in which a driver input signal is used as a control signal for the additional fluid circuit which is normally used for braking
- B60T8/4081—Systems with stroke simulating devices for driver input
- B60T8/409—Systems with stroke simulating devices for driver input characterised by details of the stroke simulating device
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
- B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
- B60T7/04—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated
- B60T7/042—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated by electrical means, e.g. using travel or force sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
- B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
- B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
- B60T8/4072—Systems in which a driver input signal is used as a control signal for the additional fluid circuit which is normally used for braking
- B60T8/4081—Systems with stroke simulating devices for driver input
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hydraulic braking installation for a vehicle, of the type which includes, for actuating wheel brakes:
- At least one safety valve making it possible either to isolate the master cylinder from the wheel brakes when the service braking operates normally, or, in the event of a service braking failure, to connect the master cylinder to at least one brake wheel;
- this simulator for opposing the advance of the manual control member, during service braking with external energy, a reaction reflecting the progress of the braking, this simulator comprising a body with a bore in which can slide in a sealed manner a simulator piston subjected on one side to a pressure of brake fluid coming from the master cylinder and, on the opposite side, to an opposing force exerted by an elastic return means.
- a braking system of this type is known, for example from FR - 2 772 706.
- the master cylinder is isolated from the wheel brakes and the liquid contained in the master cylinder cannot flow back to these brakes.
- the sensation simulator which allows a transfer of the brake fluid
- the manual control member for example brake pedal or handbrake lever, maintains a normal actuation stroke, depending on the force exerted.
- the known installations give satisfaction and make it possible to create a law of variation of the force to be exerted on the manual control member, as a function of the stroke, which gives the user a sensation similar to that which would be obtained if the pressure of liquid in the wheel brakes resulted directly from the pressure from the master cylinder and the muscular effort on the brake pedal.
- the law of variation of the force to be exerted on the manual control member is mainly determined by the elastic return means of the simulator, generally formed by a spring, and the law cannot be modified from quick and easy way.
- the characteristics of the elastic return means can fluctuate from one copy to another, and it is desirable to be able to easily compensate for these fluctuations in order to obtain, if desired, for the same type of car the same law. variation depending on the stroke.
- the object of the invention is, above all, to provide a braking installation which better meets the various requirements mentioned above than hitherto and which, in particular, makes it possible to quickly and easily modify the law of variation of the force to be exerted on the manual control member depending on the stroke.
- a hydraulic braking installation for a vehicle is characterized in that the sensation simulator comprises a shape memory element and a means of connection of this element to an electrical supply, the shape memory element being mechanically linked to the simulator piston and to the simulator body, in such a way that, when crossed and heated by an electric current, it modifies the action of the elastic return means.
- the electrical supply of the shape memory element comprises a computer which determines the intensity of the current passing through the shape memory element as a function of various parameters, in particular displacement and speed of displacement of the manual command. It thus becomes possible to program the force / stroke variation law of the manual control member.
- the shape memory element is generally arranged so as to act in the opposite direction to that of the elastic return means.
- the shape memory element can be fixed, at one end, to the piston of the simulator and, at its other end, to the bottom of the simulator body, this second end being connected to an electrical connection plug located outside. of the simulator body, while the first end is electrically linked to the piston and to ground.
- the shape memory element comprises at least one helical winding.
- the simulator piston may include a central cylindrical barrel sliding in leaktight manner in the bore of the body; a cylindrical housing is provided in the barrel to receive the shape memory element, in particular produced according to a helical winding; the piston further comprises a frustoconical peripheral part surrounding a cylindrical part of the body; the elastic return means is formed by a helical spring, surrounding the frustoconical peripheral part, bearing at one end against the bottom of the body, and at its other end against a flange at the edge of the large base of the frustoconical part.
- the helical spring is of variable pitch.
- the computer controlling the electrical supply of the shape memory element is connected to various sensors, in particular a displacement sensor of the manual control member, a pressure sensor, and has input means for programming the variation of the intensity of the electric current passing through the shape memory element, and thus programming the force / stroke variation law of the manual control member.
- the invention also relates to a braking sensation simulator capable of opposing in advance of a manual control member a reaction reflecting the progress of braking, this simulator comprising a body with a bore in which can slide from sealingly a simulator piston subjected on one side to a pressure of brake fluid from a master cylinder and, on the opposite side, to an opposing force exerted by an elastic return means, characterized in that it has a shape memory element and a means for connecting this element to an electrical supply, the shape memory element being mechanically linked to the simulator piston and to the simulator body, this shape memory element, when it is traversed and heated by an electric current , being able to modify the action of the elastic return means.
- Fig.l is a partial schematic representation of a braking installation for a vehicle according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 is a view in axial section on a larger scale, with an external part, of the master cylinder and the simulator.
- Fig.3 is a view in axial section on a larger scale of the braking sensation simulator.
- Fig.4 is a diagram illustrating the variation of the force, carried on the ordinate, on the brake pedal, as a function of the stroke of this pedal carried on the abscissa.
- a hydraulic braking installation 1 for a motor vehicle comprising a service braking system A supplied with pressurized liquid by a hydraulic power station 2 with external energy, and an emergency braking system B with muscular energy.
- the hydraulic unit 2 comprises a pump 3 driven by a motor 4, for example an electric motor.
- the pump 3 supplies pressurized liquid to a main supply line 5 on which is mounted an oleopneumatic accumulator 6.
- the suction of the pump 3 is connected to a reservoir 7 of pressureless liquid, or tarpaulin.
- Line 5 of liquid under pressure is connected in parallel by respective branches 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, each provided with an electrovalve (not shown), to the respective wheel brakes (not shown).
- the pressure supply of the wheel brakes by the solenoid valves is controlled by a programmable computer C.
- the return of the brake fluid to the cover 7 is provided by a line 8 to which branches 8a, 8b are connected in parallel, 8c, 8d, each provided with an exhaust solenoid valve (not shown) also controlled by the computer C, each branch being associated with a wheel brake.
- the installation comprises a manual control member D generally constituted by a brake pedal 9, and a master cylinder 10 in which a primary piston 11 and a secondary piston 12 of the same section can slide.
- the pedal 9 is linked to the piston 11 by a rod 13 articulated on the pedal.
- “Advance” denotes a displacement of the pedal 9 towards the master cylinder 10, which causes a displacement of the piston 11 towards the secondary piston 12 and the opposite bottom of the master cylinder 9.
- a primary chamber 14 filled with liquid is formed between the piston 11 and the piston 12.
- a spring 14a is disposed in this chamber between the two pistons.
- a secondary chamber 15, also filled with liquid, is formed between the piston 12 and the bottom of the master cylinder 10 remote from the piston 11.
- a spring 15a is placed in the chamber 15.
- An electrical contact 16 sensitive to the advance of the pedal 9 is provided in a conventional manner for controlling the "stop" lights.
- a terminal of this contact 16 is connected to a terminal of the computer C, which actuates the service braking system A in response to the advance of the pedal 9.
- a sensor 17 of the travel of the pedal 9 is further provided for send an electrical signal representative of the movement of the pedal to another input terminal of the computer C.
- the sensor 17 makes it possible to obtain information on the amplitude of movement of the pedal 9 as well as on its speed of movement.
- the two chambers 14, 15 of the master cylinder are connected to the cover 7 by means of a non-return valve (not shown) allowing the supply of these chambers with liquid and preventing a reflux.
- the primary chamber 14 is connected by a pipe 18 provided with a safety or stop solenoid valve 19 to a wheel brake (not shown).
- the chamber 15 is connected by a pipe 20 provided with an electrovalve 21 to another wheel brake (not shown).
- the solenoid valves 19 and 21 are controlled by the computer C which initiates their closing when the service braking system A is put into action.
- a pressure sensor 22 is connected to the pipe 20 between the master cylinder 10 and the electro-valve 21 to provide an output electrical signal which is sent by a link, not shown, to an input of the computer C.
- the braking installation 1 further comprises a brake actuation simulator M for opposing the advance of the brake pedal 9 a reaction reflecting the progress of the braking.
- the simulator M (Figs. 2 and 3) comprises a cylindrical body 23 with a bore 24 in which a piston 25 can slide in leaktight manner. This piston delimits, on one side, a pressure chamber 26 connected by a pipe 27 to chamber 15 of the master cylinder. The piston 25 is thus subjected to the pressure of brake fluid coming from the master cylinder 10.
- the body 23 of the simulator can be fixed to the master cylinder as illustrated in Fig.2 or constitute a removable cartridge which can be screwed, or fixed by any other means, to the master cylinder.
- Line 27, according to Figs. 2 and 3 is reduced to the extreme and is practically limited to drilling through the wall of the master cylinder.
- the simulator can be installed at a distance from the master cylinder to which it is connected by line 27 provided with an electrovalve E controlled by the computer C.
- the piston 25 On the side opposite to the chamber 26, the piston 25 is subjected to the action of an opposing force exerted by an elastic return means R constituted, in the example shown, by a helical spring 28, advantageously with variable pitch.
- the body 23 of the simulator comprises a base 23a, fixed to the wall of the master cylinder, comprising an internally threaded cylindrical peripheral skirt on which is screwed a pot 23b in which is housed the spring 28.
- the base 23a has in its central part a cylindrical sleeve 23c, projecting towards the bottom 23d, in which the bore 24 is provided.
- the piston 25 comprises a central cylindrical barrel 25a which slides in leaktight manner in the bore 24 and which has on its front end wall facing the master cylinder a frustoconical nose 25b. This nose 25b can close a corresponding opening constituting the outlet of the connecting pipe 27.
- the central barrel 25a has a cylindrical housing 25c opening towards the bottom 23d, and closed on the other side.
- the edge of the open end of the piston 25a is integral with a radial flange 25d which constitutes the base of a frusto-conical outer portion 25e flared in the direction of the master cylinder.
- the large diameter end of this part 25e is provided with an external radial flange 25f.
- the spring 28 is compressed between the bottom 23d of the pot 23 and the flange 25f.
- the simulator M comprises a shape memory element F mechanically linked to the piston 25 and to the body 23 of the simulator.
- a means of connection J of the element F to an electrical supply is provided.
- the power supply includes the computer C which determines the intensity of the current passing through the element F.
- This memory element of form F when it is crossed and heated by an electric current, undergoes a decrease in length and modifies the action of the elastic return means R on the piston 25.
- the shape memory element F is arranged so as to act on the piston 25 in the opposite direction to that of the spring 28.
- the shape memory element F comprises a helical winding 29, advantageously formed by two elementary windings 29a, 29b juxtaposed with a wire of shape memory material, for example of a Ni-Ti alloy.
- Each elementary winding 29a, 29b is preferably provided with an electrically insulating coating.
- the two windings 29a, 29b are supplied in parallel with electric current.
- the end of the windings 29a, 29b, near the bottom 23d is connected to a plug 30 for electrical connection housed in an insulating sleeve 31 inserted in the bottom 23d.
- the other end of the windings 29a, 29b is electrically connected to a stud 32 itself connected to the piston 25 and to the ground.
- the energization of the plug 30, relative to the ground, is controlled by the computer C.
- the electrical energy is applied to the shape memory element F only when the braking command takes place, by action on the pedal 9.
- the force K of resistance in advance of the rod 13 and of the pedal 9 creates the braking sensation for the driver. This force depends on the pressure prevailing in the chamber 26 and which is substantially equal to that prevailing in the chambers 15 and 14.
- the liquid pressure, in the simulator M creates a force on the piston 25 which balances the action of the spring 28 and the shape memory element 29.
- the curve Gl represents the variation of the force K, plotted on the ordinate, as a function of the stroke L of the rod 13, plotted on the abscissa, when only the spring 28 intervenes in the simulator M.
- This curve Gl is characteristic of spring 28.
- the curve G2 located below Gl represents a law of possible variation of the force K as a function of the stroke L when the shape memory element 29 intervenes. Indeed, when an electric current crosses the elementary windings 29a, 29b and produces their heating, these windings tend to contract and to exert a traction force on the piston 25 opposing the thrust force exerted by the spring 28. The advance resistance force of the rod 13 therefore becomes less than that which exists when only the spring 28 intervenes.
- the difference ⁇ G between the two curves in FIG. 4 represents the tensile force exerted by the winding in shape memory 29.
- This effort essentially depends on the intensity of the electric current passing through the shape memory element F.
- This intensity is programmed by the computer C, for example as a function of the amplitude of the stroke of the rod 13. For the maximum stroke L max., ⁇ G becomes zero and the two curves Gl and G2 meet.
- the computer controls the opening of the solenoid valves 19, 21, and the emergency braking is ensured by the system B and the fluid pressure coming from the master cylinder 10.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0105662A FR2824037B1 (fr) | 2001-04-26 | 2001-04-26 | Installation de freinage avec simulateur pour vehicule, et simulateur pour une telle installation |
FR01/05662 | 2001-04-26 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002087939A2 true WO2002087939A2 (fr) | 2002-11-07 |
WO2002087939A3 WO2002087939A3 (fr) | 2002-12-27 |
Family
ID=8862747
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2002/001393 WO2002087939A2 (fr) | 2001-04-26 | 2002-04-23 | Installation de freinage avec simulateur pour vehicule, et simulateur pour une telle installation |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
FR (1) | FR2824037B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2002087939A2 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2199161A1 (fr) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-06-23 | Robert Bosch GmbH | Système de simulation de sensation de freinage et véhicule comportant un tel système |
DE102018110781A1 (de) * | 2018-05-04 | 2019-11-07 | Solvo GmbH | Elektrohydraulisches Bremssystem und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0680071A (ja) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-03-22 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | ブレーキ液圧制御装置 |
DE4324041B4 (de) * | 1993-07-17 | 2004-02-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sollwertgeber zur Steuerung einer Bremsanlage |
AU6275598A (en) * | 1997-02-07 | 1998-08-26 | Kelsey-Hayes Company | Pedal simulator using spring with non-linear response |
JPH1148950A (ja) * | 1997-08-05 | 1999-02-23 | Toyota Motor Corp | 液圧ブレーキ装置 |
JP2000071957A (ja) * | 1998-08-26 | 2000-03-07 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | ブレーキ制御装置 |
JP2000159078A (ja) * | 1998-11-24 | 2000-06-13 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 制動力制御装置 |
JP2000280877A (ja) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-10 | Tokico Ltd | ストロークシミュレータ装置 |
-
2001
- 2001-04-26 FR FR0105662A patent/FR2824037B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-04-23 WO PCT/FR2002/001393 patent/WO2002087939A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2199161A1 (fr) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-06-23 | Robert Bosch GmbH | Système de simulation de sensation de freinage et véhicule comportant un tel système |
FR2940220A1 (fr) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-06-25 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Systeme de simulation de sensation de freinage et vehicule comportant un tel systeme |
DE102018110781A1 (de) * | 2018-05-04 | 2019-11-07 | Solvo GmbH | Elektrohydraulisches Bremssystem und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb |
DE102018110781B4 (de) * | 2018-05-04 | 2021-02-25 | Solvo GmbH | Elektrohydraulisches Bremssystem und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2824037A1 (fr) | 2002-10-31 |
WO2002087939A3 (fr) | 2002-12-27 |
FR2824037B1 (fr) | 2003-08-08 |
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