WO2002027733A1 - Electrical insulating material and conductor insulated with said material - Google Patents
Electrical insulating material and conductor insulated with said material Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002027733A1 WO2002027733A1 PCT/DE2001/003614 DE0103614W WO0227733A1 WO 2002027733 A1 WO2002027733 A1 WO 2002027733A1 DE 0103614 W DE0103614 W DE 0103614W WO 0227733 A1 WO0227733 A1 WO 0227733A1
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- insulating material
- temperature
- indicator
- luminescent
- electrical
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/36—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with distinguishing or length marks
- H01B7/361—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with distinguishing or length marks being the colour of the insulation or conductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/32—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for indicating defects, e.g. breaks or leaks
- H01B7/324—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for indicating defects, e.g. breaks or leaks comprising temperature sensing means
Definitions
- the invention relates to an insulating material for insulating an electrical conductor and an electrical conductor insulated with the insulating material.
- Short-circuit, permanent overload and / or similar switching states in an electrical system can lead to overtemperature or to a fire, in the worst case, to personal injury.
- Overload in an insulated electrical conductor of such a system also leads to rapid aging of the insulating material that insulates the conductor and to an increase in the probability of damage.
- thermochromic paint which is applied from the outside to an insulating material, with direct temperature measurement via a sensor or by means of complex infrared thermography.
- Such a procedure is only used on a specially prepared system and not on a product system. As a rule, actual monitoring of a product system does not take place.
- one or more temperature sensors with associated evaluation electronics are often installed in an electronic system, but they do not have an excess temperature in e.g. register an electrical cable or other installation of the system.
- the object of the invention is to show how the temperature can be monitored in a simple manner on an electrical conductor. This object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1, according to which the invention consists in an insulating material for insulating an electrical conductor with an indicator contained in the insulating material which changes optically as a function of temperature.
- the temperature of a safety-sensitive electrical insulation can be monitored in a simple manner, an overtemperature can be detected in a routine test, and damage that occurs can thus be prevented.
- the solution is of great advantage from both the economic aspect and the personal safety aspect.
- the optical change of the indicator is to be understood as any change that can be optically measured and / or perceived by the eye.
- the change can consist, for example, of a change in an optical wavelength and / or an optical spectrum and / or an optical intensity and / or a luminescent property and / or another optical property of the indicator.
- the change is not limited to the visible optical range, but can also take place in the ultraviolet range and / or in the infrared range and can be measured there, for example, with a sensor.
- the optical change of the indicator must occur depending on the temperature, ie an optical property of the indicator must change depending on the temperature, for example continuously with increasing temperature and / or more or less suddenly when the increasing temperature reaches a certain value reached.
- the indicator has a luminescent agent, ie a chemical substance in which luminescence can be excited by optical radiation of the substance is on, the luminescent means being such that a specific luminescent property, for example a luminescent wavelength and / or a luminescent decay time, changes as a function of temperature after excitation of the luminescence.
- a luminescent agent ie a chemical substance in which luminescence can be excited by optical radiation of the substance is on
- the luminescent means being such that a specific luminescent property, for example a luminescent wavelength and / or a luminescent decay time, changes as a function of temperature after excitation of the luminescence.
- Luminescent agents of the type mentioned are taken for example from the literature (see, for example, Reisfeld: "Spectroscopy and Applications of Molecules in Glasses ⁇ , Journ. Of Non-Crystalline Solides 121 (1990), pp. 254-266,
- a luminescent agent can advantageously be used in the insulating material according to the invention, which is characterized in that an overtemperature can still be read from the changed luminescent property even after a long time, e.g. by the fact that the chemical composition of the luminescent agent or the chemical environment of molecules of the luminescent agent has changed as a result of increased temperature and thus the luminescence disappears or is also intensified. It is then possible to detect overload problems in an electrical system during routine examinations due to the insulating material according to the invention and to take suitable countermeasures.
- the temperature is evaluated, for example, by exciting molecules of the indicator with a suitable light source and the subsequent qualitative (by eye) or quantitative (by sensor) evaluation of the temperature-dependent luminescence.
- the indicator has a colorant, the color of which changes as a function of temperature.
- the colorant can be a dye or a pigment. It is useful if the color changes
- the indicator can be in the insulating material on one or more
- Places for example, be concentrated directly under the surface of the insulator. Not least for the sake of making the insulator as simple as possible, however, it is expedient if the indicator is distributed in the insulating material, for example over the entire cross section of the insulator. ,
- the invention also provides an electrical conductor insulated from an insulating material according to the invention.
- An example of such a conductor is an insulated electrical cable, the insulation of which consists of the insulating material according to the invention.
- the invention is explained in more detail by way of example in the following description with reference to the drawing.
- the figure shows a perspective view of a piece of an insulated electrical cable, the insulation of which consists of the insulating material according to the invention.
- the exemplary piece of electrical cable shown in the figure and generally designated 1 has a cylindrical electrical conductor 10 made of metal and electrical insulation in the form of a jacket 11 made of electrical insulating material which surrounds an outer peripheral surface 101 of the conductor 10 in a closed manner ,
- the insulating material consists, for example, of a basic material made of plastic, in which, according to the invention, an indicator 2 is embedded, which changes optically as a function of temperature.
- the indicator 2 is accordingly located inside the base material and thus also the jacket 11.
- any chemical substance that changes optically as a function of temperature and whose optical change is perceptible to the eye and / or can be measured with a sensor, for example, is suitable as indicator 2.
- the embedded indicator 2 is represented by points 20 in the jacket 11, which indicate individual molecules or molecular assemblies, for example particles of the chemical substance from which the indicator 2 consists.
- the indicator 2 can be embedded in the jacket 11 in various ways.
- a particularly simple method consists, for example, of adding the indicator 2 to a liquid curable insulating plastic, coating the conductor 10 with this plastic and then allowing the plastic on the conductor 10 to crosslink.
- the liquid plastic one can very uniform distribution of the indicator 2 can be obtained, which then remains in the jacket 11. Such a distribution is indicated in the figure by the uniform distribution of the points 20 over the cross section 111 of the jacket 11.
- Another simple method is to have the indicator 2 only subsequently penetrate or implant into the jacket 11 through its outer circumferential surface 110. In this case, a uniform distribution of the indicator 2 in the jacket 11 is not desirable for manufacturing reasons. It is better if the indicator 2 is concentrated under the circumferential surface 110 of the jacket 11. Based on the figure, this would mean, for example, that the density of the points 20 at or near the circumferential surface
- a temperature-dependent optical property of the indicator contained in this insulating material is determined and then the temperature is determined which belongs to this optical property due to the dependency.
- the accuracy of the 'temperature determination depends on the optical property of the indicator is how exactly known as a function of temperature. In the case of electrical systems, however, a high degree of accuracy in determining the temperature hardly plays a role. Rather, one only wants to know at which electrical conductors in the system there are impermissibly high temperatures that put the system at risk. A rough or qualitative temperature determination is sufficient for this purpose.
- the indicator 2 consists of one or more of the luminescent agents known from the documents mentioned, which moreover can advantageously be embedded in a wide variety of matrix systems, for example one or more luminescent agents based on rhodamine 6G (1).
- the luminescence wavelength or the luminescence decay time changes after excitation of the luminescence depending on the temperature.
- the luminescence decay time decreases with increasing temperature.
- the insulating material in the example the jacket 11, is irradiated with an optical radiation 30 which excites luminescence in the indicator 2.
- the associated temperature T of the insulating material is inadmissibly high.
- the indicator 2 consists of a colorant, the color of which changes depending on the temperature. changed.
- the colorant can be a pigment and / or a dye.
- the insulating material in the example the jacket 11, is irradiated with visible, preferably white, light 30, which reflects the color of the indicator 2 with the Eye.
- the luminescence wavelength F (T) of the indicator 2 which is dependent on the temperature T of the insulating material and thus of the electrical conductor, is determined by the eye and the temperature T is then determined.
- the associated temperature T of the insulating material is impermissibly high.
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- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Beschreibungdescription
Elektrischer Isolierstoff und mit diesem Stoff isolierter elektrischer LeiterElectrical insulating material and electrical conductor insulated with this material
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Isolierstoff zur Isolation eines elektrischen Leiters und einen mit dem Isolierstoff isolierten elektrischen Leiter.The invention relates to an insulating material for insulating an electrical conductor and an electrical conductor insulated with the insulating material.
Kurzschluss, permanente Überlast und/oder ähnliche Schaltzustände in einem elektrischen System können zu Übertemperatur oder zu einem Brand, im schlimmsten Fall zu Personenschaden führen. Überlast bei einem isolierten elektrischen Leiter eines solchen Systems führt zudem zu einem raschen Altern des den Leiter isolierenden Isolierstoffs und zu einer Erhöhung der Schadenswahrscheinlichkeit.Short-circuit, permanent overload and / or similar switching states in an electrical system can lead to overtemperature or to a fire, in the worst case, to personal injury. Overload in an insulated electrical conductor of such a system also leads to rapid aging of the insulating material that insulates the conductor and to an increase in the probability of damage.
Gegenwärtig wird in einem elektrischen System die Temperatur z.B. mit einer Thermochromfarbe, die von außen auf einen Iso- lierstoff aufgetragen wird, mit direkter Temperaturmessung über einen Sensor oder durch aufwendige Infrarotthermografie erfasst. Ein solches Verfahren wird ausschließlich an einem eigens präparierten System und nicht an einem Produktsystem angewandt. Eine tatsächliche Überwachung eines Produktsystems findet in der Regel nicht statt.Currently in an electrical system the temperature e.g. with a thermochromic paint, which is applied from the outside to an insulating material, with direct temperature measurement via a sensor or by means of complex infrared thermography. Such a procedure is only used on a specially prepared system and not on a product system. As a rule, actual monitoring of a product system does not take place.
Daneben werden in einem elektronischen System häufig ein oder mehrere Temperatursensoren mit zugehöriger Auswerteelektronik eingebaut, die aber nicht eine .Übertemperatur in z.B. einem elektrischen Kabel oder einer sonstigen Installation des Systems registrieren.In addition, one or more temperature sensors with associated evaluation electronics are often installed in an electronic system, but they do not have an excess temperature in e.g. register an electrical cable or other installation of the system.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, aufzuzeigen, wie an einem elektrischen Leiter auf einfache Weise die Temperatur über- wacht werden kann. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst, wonach die Erfindung in einem Isolierstoff zur Isolation eines elektrischen Leiters mit einem im Isolierstoff enthaltenen Indikator, der sich temperaturabhängig op- tisch verändert, besteht.The object of the invention is to show how the temperature can be monitored in a simple manner on an electrical conductor. This object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1, according to which the invention consists in an insulating material for insulating an electrical conductor with an indicator contained in the insulating material which changes optically as a function of temperature.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Isolierstoff kann auf einfache Weise an einer sicherheitssensitiven elektrischen Isolierung die Temperatur überwacht, eine Übertemperatur bei einem routine- mäßigen Test erkannt und dadurch einem entstehenden Schaden vorgebeugt werden. Die Lösung ist sowohl vom wirtschaftlichen Aspekt als auch vom Personensicherheitsaspekt von großem Vorteil.With the insulating material according to the invention, the temperature of a safety-sensitive electrical insulation can be monitored in a simple manner, an overtemperature can be detected in a routine test, and damage that occurs can thus be prevented. The solution is of great advantage from both the economic aspect and the personal safety aspect.
Unter der optischen Veränderung des Indikators ist jede Veränderung zu verstehen, die optisch gemessen und/oder mit dem Auge wahrgenommen werden kann. Die Veränderung kann beispielsweise in einer Änderung einer optischen Wellenlänge und/oder eines optischen Spektrums und/oder einer optischen Intensität und/oder einer Lumineszenzeigenschaft und/oder einer sonstigen optischen Eigenschaft des Indikators bestehen. Die Veränderung ist nicht auf den sichtbaren optischen Bereich beschränkt, sondern kann auch im Ultraviolettbereich und/oder im Infrarotbereich stattfinden und dort beispiels- weise mit einem Sensor gemessen werden.The optical change of the indicator is to be understood as any change that can be optically measured and / or perceived by the eye. The change can consist, for example, of a change in an optical wavelength and / or an optical spectrum and / or an optical intensity and / or a luminescent property and / or another optical property of the indicator. The change is not limited to the visible optical range, but can also take place in the ultraviolet range and / or in the infrared range and can be measured there, for example, with a sensor.
Die optische Veränderung des Indikators muss allerdings abhängig von der Temperatur eintreten, d.h., eine optische Eigenschaft des Indikators muss sich abhängig von der Tempera- tur ändern, beispielsweise mit steigender Temperatur kontinuierlich und/oder mehr oder weniger schlagartig, wenn die steigende Temperatur einen bestimmten Wert erreicht.However, the optical change of the indicator must occur depending on the temperature, ie an optical property of the indicator must change depending on the temperature, for example continuously with increasing temperature and / or more or less suddenly when the increasing temperature reaches a certain value reached.
Bei einer vorteilhaften und bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des er- findungsge äßen Isolierstoffs weist der Indikator ein Lumineszenzmittel, d.h. einen chemischen Stoff, in welchem durch optische Bestrahlung des Stoffs eine Lumineszenz anregbar ist, auf, wobei das Lumineszenzmittel so beschaffen ist, dass sich eine bestimmte Lumineszenzeigenschaft, beispielsweise eine Lumineszenzwellenlänge und/oder eine Lumineszenzabklingzeit nach Anregung der Lumineszenz temperaturabhängig verän- dert.In an advantageous and preferred embodiment of the insulating material according to the invention, the indicator has a luminescent agent, ie a chemical substance in which luminescence can be excited by optical radiation of the substance is on, the luminescent means being such that a specific luminescent property, for example a luminescent wavelength and / or a luminescent decay time, changes as a function of temperature after excitation of the luminescence.
Lumineszenzmittel der genannten Art sind für sich genommen beispielsweise aus der Literatur (siehe z. B. R. Reisfeld: „Spectroscopy and Applications of Molecules in Glassesλ, Journ. of Non-Crystalline Solides 121 (1990), S. 254-266,Luminescent agents of the type mentioned are taken for example from the literature (see, for example, Reisfeld: "Spectroscopy and Applications of Molecules in Glasses λ , Journ. Of Non-Crystalline Solides 121 (1990), pp. 254-266,
North-Holland; I. P. McClean et al . : „High Temperature Thick and Thin Film Thermographic Sensor*, 1997, Sensor and Trans- ducer Conference at MTEC Measurement Technology, Birmingham, UK, 22.-23. Jan. 1997; S. A. McElhaney et al . : „ Passive (Self-Powered) Fiber Optic Sensors*, Conf. Record of the 1993 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, S.101-103) bekannt, jedoch geht aus diesen Dokumenten nichts hervor, was eine Anwendung eines solchen Lumineszenzmittels in einem Isolierstoff zur Isolation eines elektri- sehen Leiters als Indikator zur Temperaturüberwachung am Leiter nahe legen könnte.North-Holland; I.P. McClean et al. : "High Temperature Thick and Thin Film Thermographic Sensor *, 1997, Sensor and Transducer Conference at MTEC Measurement Technology, Birmingham, UK, 22.-23. Jan. 1997; S.A. McElhaney et al. : "Passive (Self-Powered) Fiber Optic Sensors *, Conf. Record of the 1993 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, p.101-103) is known, but nothing emerges from these documents that indicate the use of such a luminescent agent in an insulating material for the insulation of an electrical conductor as an indicator for temperature monitoring Ladder might suggest.
Insbesondere kann beim erfindungsgemäßen Isolierstoff vorteilhafterweise ein Lumineszenzmittel verwendet werden, das sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass eine Übertemperatur auch noch nach längerer Zeit aus der veränderten Lumineszenzeigenschaft ablesbar ist, z.B. dadurch, dass sich durch erhöhte Temperatur die chemische Zusammensetzung des Lumineszenzmittels oder die chemische Umgebung von Molekülen des Lumineszenzmittels verändert hat und damit die Lumineszenz verschwindet oder auch verstärkt wird. Damit ist es dann möglich, in einem elektrischen System bei Routineuntersuchungen durch den erfindungsgemäßen Isolierstoff Überlastprobleme zu erkennen und geeignete Gegenmaßnahmen zu ergreifen.In particular, a luminescent agent can advantageously be used in the insulating material according to the invention, which is characterized in that an overtemperature can still be read from the changed luminescent property even after a long time, e.g. by the fact that the chemical composition of the luminescent agent or the chemical environment of molecules of the luminescent agent has changed as a result of increased temperature and thus the luminescence disappears or is also intensified. It is then possible to detect overload problems in an electrical system during routine examinations due to the insulating material according to the invention and to take suitable countermeasures.
Die Temperaturauswertung erfolgt beispielsweise durch Anregung von Molekülen des Indikators mit einer passenden Licht- quelle und der anschließenden qualitativen (per Auge) oder quantitativen (per Sensor) Auswertung der temperaturabhängigen Lumineszenz.The temperature is evaluated, for example, by exciting molecules of the indicator with a suitable light source and the subsequent qualitative (by eye) or quantitative (by sensor) evaluation of the temperature-dependent luminescence.
Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften und bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Isolierstoffs, die mit der oben erwähnten Ausgestaltung kombiniert werden kann, weist der Indikator ein Farbmittel auf, dessen Farbe sich temperaturabhängig verändert. Das Farbmittel kann ein Farbstoff oder ein Pigment sein. Zweckmäßig ist es, wenn sich die Farbe beiIn a further advantageous and preferred embodiment of the insulating material according to the invention, which can be combined with the above-mentioned embodiment, the indicator has a colorant, the color of which changes as a function of temperature. The colorant can be a dye or a pigment. It is useful if the color changes
Übertemperatur bleibend verändert, so dass eine Stelle, bei der einmal eine Übertemperatur aufgetreten ist, jederzeit an der veränderten Farbe des Isolierstoffs erkannt werden kann.Overtemperature permanently changed, so that a point where an overtemperature has occurred can be recognized at any time by the changed color of the insulating material.
Der Indikator kann im Isolierstoff an einer oder mehrerenThe indicator can be in the insulating material on one or more
Stellen, beispielsweise direkt unter der Oberfläche des Isolators konzentriert sein. Nicht zuletzt aus Gründen einer möglichst einfachen Herstellung des Isolators ist es jedoch zweckmäßig, wenn der Indikator im Isolierstoff verteilt ist, beispielsweise über den ganzen Querschnitt des Isolators. .Places, for example, be concentrated directly under the surface of the insulator. Not least for the sake of making the insulator as simple as possible, however, it is expedient if the indicator is distributed in the insulating material, for example over the entire cross section of the insulator. ,
Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Isolierstoff werden literaturbekannte Lumineszenzmittel- und/oder Farbmitteleigenschaften und Methoden der Farbstoffchemie auf elektrische Isolations- Systeme angewendet.Due to the insulating material according to the invention, known luminescent and / or colorant properties and methods of dye chemistry are applied to electrical insulation systems.
Durch die Erfindung ist auch ein einem erfindungsgemäßen Isolierstoff isolierter elektrischer Leiter bereitgestellt. Ein Beispiel eines solchen Leiters ist ein isoliertes elektri- sches Kabel, dessen Isolierung aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Isolierstoff besteht.The invention also provides an electrical conductor insulated from an insulating material according to the invention. An example of such a conductor is an insulated electrical cable, the insulation of which consists of the insulating material according to the invention.
Die Erfindung wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung anhand der Zeichnung beispielhaft näher erläutert. Die Figur zeigt in perspektivischer Darstellung ein Stück eines isolierten elektrischen Kabels, dessen Isolierung aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Isolierstoff besteht.The invention is explained in more detail by way of example in the following description with reference to the drawing. The figure shows a perspective view of a piece of an insulated electrical cable, the insulation of which consists of the insulating material according to the invention.
Das in der Figur dargestellte und generell mit 1 bezeichnete beispielhafte Stück elektrisches Kabel weist einen zylinder- förmigen elektrischen Leiter 10 aus Metall und eine elektrische Isolierung in Form eines Mantels 11 aus elektrischem Isolierstoff auf, der eine äußere Umfangsfläche 101 des Lei- ters 10 geschlossen umgibt.The exemplary piece of electrical cable shown in the figure and generally designated 1 has a cylindrical electrical conductor 10 made of metal and electrical insulation in the form of a jacket 11 made of electrical insulating material which surrounds an outer peripheral surface 101 of the conductor 10 in a closed manner ,
Der Isolierstoff besteht beispielsweise aus einem Grundmate- rial aus Kunststoff, in das erfindungsgemäß ein Indikator 2 eingebettet ist, der sich temperaturabhängig optisch verän- dert.The insulating material consists, for example, of a basic material made of plastic, in which, according to the invention, an indicator 2 is embedded, which changes optically as a function of temperature.
Der Indikator 2 befindet sich demgemäß im Innern des Grundmaterials und somit auch des Mantels 11.The indicator 2 is accordingly located inside the base material and thus also the jacket 11.
Als Indikator 2 ist prinzipiell jeder chemische Stoff geeignet, der sich temperaturabhängig optisch verändert und dessen optische Veränderung mit dem Auge wahrnehmbar ist und/oder beispielsweise mit einem Sensor gemessen werden kann.In principle, any chemical substance that changes optically as a function of temperature and whose optical change is perceptible to the eye and / or can be measured with a sensor, for example, is suitable as indicator 2.
In der Figur ist der eingebettete Indikator 2 durch Punkte 20 im Mantel 11 dargestellt, die einzelne Moleküle oder Molekülverbände, beispielsweise Partikel des chemischen Stoffs andeuten, aus dem der Indikator 2 besteht.In the figure, the embedded indicator 2 is represented by points 20 in the jacket 11, which indicate individual molecules or molecular assemblies, for example particles of the chemical substance from which the indicator 2 consists.
Der Indikator 2 auf verschiedene Weise in den Mantel 11 eingebettet werden.The indicator 2 can be embedded in the jacket 11 in various ways.
Ein besonders einfaches Verfahren besteht beispielsweise darin, einem flüssigen härtbaren isolierenden Kunststoff den In- dikator 2 beizumischen, den Leiter 10 mit diesem Kunststoff zu beschichten und danach den Kunststoff auf dem Leiter 10 sich vernetzen zu lassen. Im flüssigen Kunststoff kann eine sehr gleichmäßige Verteilung des Indikators 2 erhalten werden, die dann auch im Mantel 11 bestehen bleibt. In der Figur ist eine solche Verteilung durch die gleichmäßige Verteilung der Punkte 20 über den Querschnitt 111 des Mantels 11 ange- deutet.A particularly simple method consists, for example, of adding the indicator 2 to a liquid curable insulating plastic, coating the conductor 10 with this plastic and then allowing the plastic on the conductor 10 to crosslink. In the liquid plastic one can very uniform distribution of the indicator 2 can be obtained, which then remains in the jacket 11. Such a distribution is indicated in the figure by the uniform distribution of the points 20 over the cross section 111 of the jacket 11.
Ein anderes einfaches Verfahren besteht darin, den Indikator 2 erst nachträglich in den Mantel 11 durch dessen äußere Um- fangsfläche 110 eindringen zu lassen oder zu implantieren. In diesem Fall ist eine gleichmäßige Verteilung des Indikators 2 im Mantel 11 aus herstellungstechnischen Gründen nicht wünschenswert. Besser ist es, wenn der Indikators 2 unter der Umfangsflache 110 des Mantels 11 konzentriert ist. Bezogen auf die Figur würde dies beispielsweise bedeuten, dass die Dichte der Punkte 20 an oder in der Nähe der UmfangsflacheAnother simple method is to have the indicator 2 only subsequently penetrate or implant into the jacket 11 through its outer circumferential surface 110. In this case, a uniform distribution of the indicator 2 in the jacket 11 is not desirable for manufacturing reasons. It is better if the indicator 2 is concentrated under the circumferential surface 110 of the jacket 11. Based on the figure, this would mean, for example, that the density of the points 20 at or near the circumferential surface
110 maximal ist und von da in Richtung radial nach innen abnimmt.110 is maximum and from there decreases radially inwards.
Um festzustellen, welche Temperatur in einem mit einem erfin- dungsgemäßen Isolierstoff isolierten elektrischen Leiter herrscht, wird eine temperaturabhängige optische Eigenschaft des in diesem Isolierstoff enthaltenen Indikators festgestellt und danach die Temperatur ermittelt, die zu dieser ermittelten optischen Eigenschaft aufgrund der Abhängigkeit ge- hört.In order to determine which temperature prevails in an electrical conductor insulated with an insulating material according to the invention, a temperature-dependent optical property of the indicator contained in this insulating material is determined and then the temperature is determined which belongs to this optical property due to the dependency.
Die Genauigkeit der ' Temperaturermittlung hängt davon ab, wie genau die optische Eigenschaft des Indikators als Funktion der Temperatur bekannt ist. Bei elektrischen Anlagen spielt indes eine hohe Genauigkeit bei der Temperaturermittlung kaum eine Rolle, vielmehr will man nur wissen, bei welchen elektrischen Leitern der Anlage unzulässig hohe Temperaturen, welche die Anlage in Gefahr bringen, auftreten. Zu diesem Zweck genügt eine grobe oder qualitative Temperaturermittlung.The accuracy of the 'temperature determination depends on the optical property of the indicator is how exactly known as a function of temperature. In the case of electrical systems, however, a high degree of accuracy in determining the temperature hardly plays a role. Rather, one only wants to know at which electrical conductors in the system there are impermissibly high temperatures that put the system at risk. A rough or qualitative temperature determination is sufficient for this purpose.
Bei einem für einen solchen Zweck geeigneten Beispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Isolierstoffs besteht der Indikator 2 aus einem oder mehreren der aus den erwähnten Dokumenten bekannten Lumineszenzmitteln, die überdies vorteilhafterweise in verschiedenste Matrixsysteme eingebettet werden können, z.B. aus einem oder mehreren Lumineszenzmitteln auf der Basis von Rhodamin 6G(1) .In an example of an insulating material according to the invention suitable for such a purpose, the indicator 2 consists of one or more of the luminescent agents known from the documents mentioned, which moreover can advantageously be embedded in a wide variety of matrix systems, for example one or more luminescent agents based on rhodamine 6G (1).
Bei einem solchen Lumineszenzmittel ändert sich beispielsweise die Lumineszenzwellenlänge oder die Lumineszenzabklingzeit nach Anregung der Lumineszenz abhängig von der Temperatur. Beispielsweise nimmt die Lumineszenzabklingzeit mit zunehmender Temperatur ab.With such a luminescent agent, for example, the luminescence wavelength or the luminescence decay time changes after excitation of the luminescence depending on the temperature. For example, the luminescence decay time decreases with increasing temperature.
Um die Temperatur in einem mit diesem beispielhaften Isolierstoff isolierten elektrischen Leiter, beispielsweise in dem Stück Kabel 1 zu ermitteln, wird der Isolierstoff, im Beispielsfall der Mantel 11, mit einer optischen Strahlung 30 bestrahlt, die im Indikator 2 Lumineszenz anregt.In order to determine the temperature in an electrical conductor insulated with this exemplary insulating material, for example in the piece of cable 1, the insulating material, in the example the jacket 11, is irradiated with an optical radiation 30 which excites luminescence in the indicator 2.
Die von der Temperatur T des Isolierstoffs und damit des elektrischen Leiters abhängige Lumineszenzwellenlänge λ(T) der vom Isolierstoff abgestrahlten Lumineszenzstrahlung 40 und/oder die ebenfalls von der Temperatur T des Isolierstoffs abhängige Lumineszenzabklingzeit Δt(T)-der Lumineszenzstrahlung 40 nach Abschaltung der die Lumineszenz anregenden Strahlung 30 werden/wird beispielsweise mittels eines optoe- lektrischen Sensors 4 festgestellt und danach die Temperatur T ermittelt.The luminescence wavelength λ (T) of the luminescent radiation 40 emitted by the insulating material and thus the electrical conductor, and / or the luminescence decay time Δt (T) -of the luminescent radiation 40, also dependent on the temperature T of the insulating material, after the luminescence has been switched off Exciting radiation 30 is / is determined, for example, by means of an optoelectrical sensor 4 and the temperature T is then determined.
Weist die festgestellte Lumineszenzwellenlänge λ(T) und/oder die festgestellte Lumineszenzabklingzeit Δt(T) einen vorgegeben kritischen Wert auf, ist die dazu gehörige Temperatur T des Isolierstoffs unzulässig hoch.If the determined luminescence wavelength λ (T) and / or the determined luminescence decay time Δt (T) has a predetermined critical value, the associated temperature T of the insulating material is inadmissibly high.
Bei einem für den erwähnten Zweck geeigneten anderen Beispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Isolierstoffs besteht der Indikator 2 aus einem Farbmittel, dessen Farbe temperaturabhängig verän- dert. Das Farbmittel kann ein Pigment und/oder ein Farbstoff sein.In another example of an insulating material according to the invention suitable for the mentioned purpose, the indicator 2 consists of a colorant, the color of which changes depending on the temperature. changed. The colorant can be a pigment and / or a dye.
Um die Temperatur in dem mit diesem anderen beispielhaften Isolierstoff isolierten elektrischen Leiter, beispielsweise in dem Stück Kabel 1 zu ermitteln, wird der Isolierstoff, im Beispielsfall der Mantel 11, mit sichtbarem, vorzugsweise weißen Licht 30 bestrahlt, das die Farbe des Indikators 2 mit dem Auge erkennen lässt.In order to determine the temperature in the electrical conductor insulated with this other exemplary insulating material, for example in the piece of cable 1, the insulating material, in the example the jacket 11, is irradiated with visible, preferably white, light 30, which reflects the color of the indicator 2 with the Eye.
Die von der Temperatur T des Isolierstoffs und damit des elektrischen Leiters abhängige Lumineszenzwellenlänge F(T) des Indikators 2 wird mit dem Auge festgestellt und danach die Temperatur T ermittelt.The luminescence wavelength F (T) of the indicator 2, which is dependent on the temperature T of the insulating material and thus of the electrical conductor, is determined by the eye and the temperature T is then determined.
Hat die festgestellte Farbe F(T) einen vorgegeben kritischen Farbwert, ist die dazu gehörige Temperatur T des Isolierstoffs unzulässig hoch. If the determined color F (T) has a predetermined critical color value, the associated temperature T of the insulating material is impermissibly high.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2000147905 DE10047905A1 (en) | 2000-09-27 | 2000-09-27 | Electrical insulating material and electrical conductor insulated with this material |
| DE10047905.7 | 2000-09-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2002027733A1 true WO2002027733A1 (en) | 2002-04-04 |
Family
ID=7657865
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2001/003614 Ceased WO2002027733A1 (en) | 2000-09-27 | 2001-09-19 | Electrical insulating material and conductor insulated with said material |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE10047905A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002027733A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011089544A3 (en) * | 2010-01-20 | 2011-12-29 | Brian Katz | A thermochromic flashover or overload indicator for overhead transmission lines |
| EP2873956A3 (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-06-17 | Shanghai Guangwei Electric & Tools Co., Ltd | Booster cable device for motor vehicle |
| EP3651307A1 (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-05-13 | Vestel Elektronik Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S. | Charging cable |
| EP2833370B1 (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2024-11-27 | Nexans | Cable including a thermochromic cross-linked polymer layer |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009047745A1 (en) * | 2009-12-09 | 2011-06-16 | Prüftech GmbH | Cable with indicator material to detect damage |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH046712A (en) * | 1990-04-24 | 1992-01-10 | Daikyo Denshi Densen Kk | Wire and wiring accessory |
| US5922996A (en) * | 1994-09-27 | 1999-07-13 | Rizzo Development Corp. | Electrical insulated cable having means for indicating malfunctions |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4652143A (en) * | 1984-11-29 | 1987-03-24 | Luxtron Corporation | Optical temperature measurement techniques |
-
2000
- 2000-09-27 DE DE2000147905 patent/DE10047905A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-09-19 WO PCT/DE2001/003614 patent/WO2002027733A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH046712A (en) * | 1990-04-24 | 1992-01-10 | Daikyo Denshi Densen Kk | Wire and wiring accessory |
| US5922996A (en) * | 1994-09-27 | 1999-07-13 | Rizzo Development Corp. | Electrical insulated cable having means for indicating malfunctions |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 016, no. 150 (E - 1189) 14 April 1992 (1992-04-14) * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011089544A3 (en) * | 2010-01-20 | 2011-12-29 | Brian Katz | A thermochromic flashover or overload indicator for overhead transmission lines |
| EP2833370B1 (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2024-11-27 | Nexans | Cable including a thermochromic cross-linked polymer layer |
| EP2873956A3 (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-06-17 | Shanghai Guangwei Electric & Tools Co., Ltd | Booster cable device for motor vehicle |
| EP3651307A1 (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-05-13 | Vestel Elektronik Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S. | Charging cable |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10047905A1 (en) | 2002-05-08 |
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