WO2001099456A1 - Method and device for determining the position of at least one subscriber device of a radio communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining the position of at least one subscriber device (MP1) of a radio communication system (MCS). According to said method, telecommunication signals are distributed among a large number of successive time slots (SL11 with SL25) for transmission by time-division multiplex. At least one time slot is partially or completely shutdown for the non-real time transmission of data. These time slots are made available for transmitting and/or receiving at least one measurement signal (LCS1) on the transmission line between the respective subscriber device (MP1) that is to be located and at least one base station (BS1) that is adjacent to the location radio cell (ZE3) of said subscriber device.

Description

description

A method and apparatus for determining the position Minim ^¬ least a user equipment a radio communication system

For example, the mobile radio system UMTS (Universal Mobile Te ^¬ lekommunikation System) so-called location services (LCS) are specified. The task consists in the up ^¬ enthaltsort a user equipment, in particular mobile radio generation Raets to determine as precisely as possible. In UMTS 'FDD mode, the so-called OTDOA-IPDL method (observed time difference of arrival - idle period downlink) is used as the location measurement method. For this purpose, the base station in the respective location radio cell of the subscriber device to be located as well as at least two neighboring base stations in adjacent radio cells provide all transmissions in the downlink direction for the duration of a complete time slot or slots (i.e. from the base station serving in each case to the subscriber device to be located in each case ) on. This can lead to an undesirable reduction in radio cell capacity, ie an undesirable loss of the originally available message traffic current density.

The invention is based on the object of identifying a way in which an efficient transmission of useful data or useful signals can be provided despite the location measurement method. This object is achieved according to the features of claim 1.

By having at least one time slot, at least one

Time frame partially or completely allocated for the transmission of non-time-critical data or message signals, i.e. If, on the other hand, more time-critical data is transmitted during the remaining time windows of the time frame, an efficient distribution of resources with regard to the

Transmission capacities in the radio communication system reached. Since the measuring signals for the position determination during _T his time-critical time windows are transmitted, those data or message signals that are time-critical can largely be transmitted correctly.

The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method according to the invention.

Other developments of the invention are given in the subclaims.

The invention and its developments are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

Show it:

1 shows a schematic representation of the temporal division of the time frame structure of an air interface between one of the base stations and a subscriber device of a radio communication system to be located into time-critical and time-uncritical time slots, so that at least one measurement signal for the position determination of the subscriber device according to the invention is transmitted during at least one time-uncritical time slot can be,

FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a radio communication system, in particular a mobile radio system, for determining the position of at least one subscriber device according to the invention, the time division of the time frame structure of the respective air interface according to FIG. 1 being carried out,

3 shows a schematic representation of a modification of the method according to the invention, in which a time division of an individual time slot into time-critical and non-time-critical sections is provided. is taken so that at least one measurement signal for determining the position of the subscriber device according to the invention can be transmitted during at least one time-uncritical time slot section,

4 shows a schematic representation of the transit time relationships of a measurement signal in relation to the starting times of the time slots of the time frame structure according to FIG. 1 when the method according to the invention is carried out,

5 shows a schematic representation of the setting up of a hyperbolic location curve as a location for the subscriber device to be located in each case on the basis of the transit time difference measurement of a measurement signal which is sent from one of the base stations in the neighboring radio cells of the radio communication system according to FIG. 2 to the subscriber device to be located in each case, and

FIG. 6 shows the signaling scheme on the air interface between the subscriber device to be located in each case and the base station in its location radio cell and two base stations in adjacent radio cells when carrying out the position determination according to the invention.

Elements with the same function and mode of operation are provided with the same reference numerals in FIGS. 1 with 6.

FIG. 2 shows a simplified schematic representation of a radio communication system MCS, in which message signals are transmitted via at least one predefined air interface between at least one subscriber device, in particular a mobile radio device such as MPL, and at least one base station using a time-division multiple access transmission method. It is preferably designed as a mobile radio system according to the UMTS standard (= Universal Mobile Communication System) educated. In particular, it is the so-called TDD mode ^¬ be exaggerated (TDD = Time Division Duplex). In TDD mode, separate signal transmission in the uplink and downlink direction (uplink = signal transmission from the mobile radio device to the respective base station, downlink = signal transmission from the respectively assigned base station to the mobile radio device) is achieved by a corresponding separate allocation of time slots by means of a time division multiplex method. Only a single carrier frequency is used for signal transmission in the uplink and downlink direction. Several subscribers in the same radio cell are preferably separated using orthogonal codes, in particular using the so-called CDMA (code division multiple access) method. Mobile radio telephones, in particular cell phones, are preferably provided as subscriber devices. In addition, other communication and / or data transmission devices - such as, for example, Internet computers, television sets, notebooks, fax machines, etc. - with associated radio units for communication traffic can be 'on air', ie via at least one air interface, as components of the radio communication network The subscriber devices can be arranged stationary, ie stationary, in the radio network, and can also be mobile there, that is to say at changing locations.

The MCS mobile radio system from FIG. 2 has, as an example, representative of a large number of base stations, for the sake of simplicity of the drawing, only 3 base stations BS1, BS2 and BS3, to which mobile radio cells CE1, CE2 and CE3 are assigned. Within such a radio cell, a base station is responsible for communication with the subscriber device that is located there.

The respective base station, such as, for example, BS1, is preferably arranged approximately in the center of the respective radio cell, such as, for example, CE1. The limits of these radio coverage areas or radio cells CE1 with CE3 of the base stations BS1 with BS3 are indicated in FIG. 2 by border lines FR21, FR23, FR13. In the present exemplary embodiment, for the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that at these radio cell boundaries The transition of communication traffic in particular occurs suddenly, ie there is a change of responsibility between the base stations BS1 and BS3 (= handover) exactly at the borders FR21, FR23, FR13 of the radio cells CE1 with CE3. Here in the example, the radio cell CE3 is located in the radio cell CE3 as a subscriber device of the radio communication system MCS, the mobile radio device MPl, in particular a mobile phone, whose local position is to be determined, for example, for a specific service (for example route planning for a motor vehicle).

In the exemplary traffic state of FIG. 2, the mobile radio device MP1 has already established an active, existing communication connection AC13 to the base station BS3 in its stay radio cell CE3. Thus, message signals or data can be transmitted both from the base station BS3 to the mobile radio device MPl (= downlink) and from the mobile radio device MPl to the base station BS3 (= uplink). An evaluation / arithmetic unit AE3 is connected to the base station BS3 with the aid of network elements, which are not shown in FIG. 2 for the sake of clarity. With their help, the position calculation or position determination (= position calculating function) of the mobile radio device MP1 is carried out on the basis of measurement data. This evaluation / arithmetic unit can in particular also be a component of the respective base station.

The radio communication system MCS preferably works according to the so-called UMTS standard (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System). In this case, message signals are transmitted via at least one air interface between the respective subscriber device, in particular a mobile radio device, and at least one base station of at least one radio cell of the communication system, in particular using a combined TDMA / CDMA multiple access transmission method. In order to be able to carry out a participant separation, it is simply expressed in the radio transmission via the air interface of the respective subscriber device to be assigned. ten base station (and vice versa) a temporal division of the message signals into a plurality of successive time slots of a predeterminable period of time with a predefinable time frame structure. A number of subscribers who communicate with the base station there in the same radio cell at the same time are expediently separated from one another in terms of their message / data connections in combination with the time division multiplex division by orthogonal codes, in particular according to the CDMA principle.

FIG. 1 shows an example of such a time frame TF5 *, which has a multiplicity of individual time slots SL11 with SL25, which follow one another in time, each having the same, constant time period SP. Such timeframes follow one another successively, ie continuously in the transmission of messages. This is indicated in FIG. 1 by three points at the beginning and end of the time frame TF5 *. The structure of the time frame TF5 * preferably corresponds to the slot structure of a so-called TDD frame (TDD = time division duplex; frame = time frame) in the UMTS. A TDD frame such as TF5 * in the UMTS standard consists of a total of 15 time slots (SL11 with SL25). Each time slot can be uniquely allocated to either transmissions in uplink or downlink traffic, ie reserved or made available. These time frames or frames are repeated continuously. With UMTS-TDD-ιtιode the message transmission is carried out only over a single carrier frequency. By assigning different time slots, the up and downlink direction for message traffic is separated. Several subscribers who access the network resources simultaneously, that is to say send and / or receive message signals simultaneously in the same radio cell, are separated from one another in terms of radio technology using so-called orthogonal codes, preferably using the CDMA method (Code Division Multiple Access). To achieve now optimal resource utilization of the available channel capacity for radio transmission during operation of the radio communication system MCS, it is more practical ^¬ moderate, eg TF5 * to classify the different time slots such as SL11 with SL25 least a time frame as, that at least two different types assign data or message types. It is advantageous in particular egg ^¬ ne separate allocation of time-critical and non-critical data or message signals in different time slots. In FIG. 1, for example, the time slots S12 and SL24 are allocated for the transmission of non-time-critical data or message signals, ie they are switched off or reserved. Such non-critical data or message signals can be, for example, e-mails, SMS messages (short message service), or other data that do not require immediate, real-time message transmission. Expressed in general terms, the term time-uncritical data or message signals is understood in the context of the invention to mean data or message signals for which real-time transmission is not necessary, but for which it is still sufficient if it is related to a time delay their times of origin are transmitted. The remaining time slots SL11, SL13 with SL23 and SL25 of the time frame T5 * from FIG. 1, on the other hand, are allocated, ie pre-assigned, for the transmission of more time-critical data or message signals. In particular, this can be voice signals, video image data or other data or message signals for which a delayed data transmission would be undesirable. In this way, two different groups of time slots are formed within the time frame T5 *. A first group of time slots, such as SL12, SL24, is pre-assigned for the transmission of data or message signals, the transmission of which is less time-critical, ie less sensitive, than the transmission of the other data in the other time slots of the same time frame. These remaining time slots are therefore a second group of time slots within the same time frame for the over- transmission of more time-critical data or message signals.

To simplify the time slots such as. SL11 SL25 with the respective time frame, such as TF5 * Transmission expediently divided by Figure 1 on the downlink and uplink such that these Alloc ^¬ voltage in all radio cells CE1 with CE3 equal. According to a first variant, the local position of the mobile radio device MPl can advantageously be determined by means of the following signaling via its air interface. The associated signaling scheme is shown in FIG. 6:

In the mobile device MPl e.g. a request signal SS3 * for determining the position is generated by selecting it in its service part or by pressing its keyboards or keyboard accordingly. This request signal SS3 * is sent from the mobile radio device MPl to the base station BS3 of its location radio station CE3. This can be done in particular via the so-called RÄCH (= random access channel) as a common channel (= channel that is provided to all subscriber devices of a radio cell by their base station) of the air interface in UMTS. All mobile devices within the same radio cell continuously use the RACH in the uplink direction to signal the base station there whether the respective mobile device of this base station wants to make active contact with the user data transmission. If this is the case, this base station initiates a connection establishment to the respective requesting mobile radio device and provides appropriate radio channels for the transmission of useful data.

On the basis of the request signal SS3 * in the mobile radio device MPl to be located, it holds at least one time slot in at least one time frame of a predetermined structure, such as TF5 * according to FIG. 1, which conforms in particular to the given frame. enstruktur in the UMTS TDD mode is to receive at least ei ^¬ nes measurement signal via its air interface stock. With at ^¬ whose words, that which is connected respectively to locating mobile device during this vorresevierbaren measurement time slot listening, listening to at least one test signal from at least one base station to ^N ". In order for the Ü now impairments or disorders transmission relatively time-critical data or to largely avoid message signals such as during the time slots SL11, SL13 with SL23, SL25, the respective measurement signal transmission is now expediently carried out during at least one time slot which was originally reserved for the transmission of relatively time-uncritical data or message signals at least one such time-uncritical time slot for sending and / or receiving at least one measurement signal on the transmission path between the subscriber device to be located in each case and at least one base station which the subscriber radio cell is participating in device is provided, provided or parked. The non-time-critical data can then be transmitted in a later, subsequent time slot of the same or a subsequent time frame. For the measurement signal transmission for determining the position of the mobile radio device MP1 from FIG. 2, for example, the measurement time slot SL12 in the time frame TF5 * is pre-reserved and switched off as a measurement time slot.

With the help of the request signal SS3 * (see FIG. 6), the base station BS3 in the stay radio cell CE3 of the mobile radio device MP1 is informed that the predetermined one

Slot SL12 of the time frame TF5 * has been selected as the measurement time slot in the mobile radio device. The base station BS3 in the stay radio station CE3 then also keeps a time-related measurement time slot for its air interface to the mobile radio device MPl exclusively for the location measurement, ie it switches off the time slot in its predetermined time frame that is essentially identical to the measurement time slot SL12 in the time frame TF5 * in the mobile radio device MPl. For this measuring time slot in the base station BS3, a time slot is in turn selected or parked in a corresponding manner, which was originally allocated for the transmission of data or message signals that are less time-critical.

Of course, it is also possible that the request signal SS3 * is first sent from the mobile radio device to be located to the base station BS3 in the location.

Radio cell CE3 is transmitted, and only then is the pre-reservation of one or more measurement time slots initiated, which were provided for the transmission of data or message signals that are less time-critical than the remaining time slots of the respective time frame in the air interface of the base station BS3. The provision of a preferably time-corresponding measuring time slot in the air interface of the mobile radio device MP1 to be located is then initiated by means of a corresponding control signal SS3 from the base station BS3. This control signal SS3 is also shown in dash-dot lines in FIG. The respective measurement time slot to be provided in the mobile radio device MP1 to be located is therefore expediently initiated by the base station BS3 in the stay radio cell CE3 of this mobile radio device.

The base station BS3 in the location radio cell CE3 of the mobile radio device MPl to be located now controls either via the fixed network part of the radio communication system MCS, if any (which has been omitted in FIG. 2 for the sake of clarity) or via radio the base station as eg BS1 in a first adjacent radio cell such as CE1 via a control signal SSI, in order to have a corresponding time triggering, ie pre-reservation of a corresponding measurement time slot in a time-related time frame of the air interface of the base station BS1. co co M r! -> H "

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P • Hi φ P d P- p J = P p- cn S d tr -> Φ Cd φ! -. o H Φ P- P- P cn φ Φ P φ d PJ: cn tr cn P- rt Cd T Hi Z tr P- H DJ cn »xf t? d rt H tr P- φ tr ¹

P- QHN ≤ er cn HP «3 p- φ J cn P cn PJ Φ Φ PJ Ω rt cn rt P ¹ Φ tr H φ HP ¹ d: cn WP • μ- ιp φ cn P- P- cn HP rt P 1 cn PH tr H P- ιp »•« PH φ t tr rt rt dd Φ Φ H Dd Ω -P cn w PJ • ^ i P- Φ rt P rt DJ cn Φ DJ P- Hl a

Φ d • H ≥S PJ φ rt P o rt d cn P- tr Φ φ i ι cn P "d o Cd Ω ö Φ P-

H P N pi: Hi rt P PJ φ g P- ü P cn P PJ P P H Φ rt Φ cn M DJ tr tr cn α P-

-P n P- o • rt do P- rt P p O PJ -V rt φ P ¹ _* O: P PJ uQ p, IV) cn rt Φ rt l- ¹ φ

PJ Cd Φ H dd tr 1 0 t- <P- φ P 3 N PJ rt Dd J rt rt Φ P- ^{• »} H ιQ Φ

-QN to iP co • £ H CD P P- O DJ P P- φ rt w cn PJ Φ P- Φ P- <! cn rt Φ s dd φ d Φ P- rt <£> cn rt PP α DJ rt P- d- '1 w H n OP Ω o cn cn HP ¹ 1 PJ

H P P dd φ O 5 Φ Φ w Φ er P "O ^ P- Φ O P tr 3 rt P- PJ Φ Td cn rt cn P- Φ cn P O H P O P« P Z Φ P N d cn H N Φ PJ P ιp iP φ P-

Φ Ω Ω Φ et co N DJ σ. W J 3 Φ (D: Φ Φ P cn s: Cd Φ P (_l. Rt P. d rt H cn

P tr tr H Φ • N 1 • rt tr 3 cn cn H o P H w rt l → d: cn P- P Φ P- P Φ P- cn

Z et - p- Dd d Cn d Φ φ P- φ Φ!? D Φ N PJ Φ H co rt J td rt z O α ιp o rt cn P • - nd HHP ιp P co dd φ rt P- d P φ P P- Φ INI PJ

P- Ω DJ P- P ¹ HH α PP Φ O σ μ. cn Φ d P φ P- Φ Φ P Φ φ rt

-P tr tr cn Φ cn g P 1 PJ s: d = φ J φ P- PJ P ¹ P- P "O rt PI rt P P- P-

PO: P- H φ ^ PJ o cn P- tr PP ^J rt PP cn Φ P dd = φ ii Φ P- r N rt o

PJ cn H cn Φ p- P ¹ cn PJ φ H Φ iP rt Φ P r P- μ. t Dd Φ d P- PP p- rt cn PP cn P φ s PZSH öd DJ o P vP P rt rt O P- PJ

Φ P 5 rt Φ PP »• • NP φ P- Φ Φ cn PM P- ιp P- P- NP ¹ P P- d tr dd

P x DJ er H d P <> • • Seer H Go P to N co Dd D> Ω φ cn Φ d Φ tr Φ • cn d rt PJ H PJ U3 öd en Φ P 1 N tr 1 Ω H P H H co

P d P P- P PJ cn (l H • σ P- P- Φ DJ tr s: P ¹ cn φ ⁴ tr o Dd? Ott P PJ OP er P rt P- ιp

CJ. 3 P d N φ H φ J H cn J Φ φ P P- P Hi φ s N ----- d P.

Φ P P rt P- s: P- 1 P H 1 t d II tr φ

H Φ d φ Φ Ω 1 DJ P φ cn P- • 1 Φ H 1 P 1 1 cn tr 1 P rt φ 1 1

co co ro to cn o Cπ o Cn o Cπ ι-i et P Ω cn 3 Φ rt α rt Cd DJ φ cn tr ¹ o P cn er INI cn sQ to cn s: P cn P "H rt Ω ö

PJ: Φ O: D> * P- P μ- μ- PJ d tr <P> tr rt P- O tr φ d N Φ Ω Φ Φ rt Φ Φ Ω P- dd H tr J rt P rt. O rt PJ P o PO cn cn Z cn cn Φ cn P -S P- tr vP P- PJ P- H tr φ PH Φ Φ μ- rt cn tsi P P- er Cn p- O DJ cn 'P i rt DJ Φ rt rt cn I- ¹ iP -P d Hi HP

S Dd -PP »Φ φ P ιp P> cn P ¹ rt S d P <l P- φ 00 μ- φ Ω Hi μ-

* VJ rt O cn Φ tr P cn Φ cn dt ^"1 DJ P rt OJ cn rt d'- Φ O φ rt P er er Φ M φ

P> cn tr ¹ H φ P tr H - -. rt rt μ. rt P- P er d μ- er HP P- NP Φ -PPP μ- t to μ- Φ tr φ PJ- ^" II PJ Φ Ω P- Φ P ¹ μ- cn o PJ Ω Φ cn μ- rt 1 φ P- Φ rt tr

P- cn = P- cn et cn P φ cn rt H rt P tr O _^ P ¹ iP rt d tr H Ω Öd Φ cn P 3 μ- Φ

P cn H - - er cn N O P- P- rt P ö Hi φ cn Hl rt tr cn Ω po Φ tr Φ μ-

P rt O Φ et INI = PKP 0 cn -P P- rt d X v P μ- M ro tr PJ gi 4 n P φ PJ P 3 d H Φ iP P d rt P rt Φ dd fi P ¹ P PJ: cn Φ cn Φ Φ PJ M ω Hi 0 rt φ P φ

H rt μ- Φ P rt PJ μ- H Φ P ¹ H PJ cn cn rt to e tr fr ¹ et Ω 3 tr Φ cn P- rt φ er φ d P tr μ- φ rt PH rt μ- H Φ Öd H Ω P ¹ PJ sΩ, P- ¹ μ> H tr d P- μ- rt Φ cn P- P g P

PJ O Φ PJ P ¹ cn Ω φ PJ Hi cn rt tr P Φ et J Φ INI PP n NH rt P ^J φ «3 tr

P cn HP -P Φ Ω tr P Hi NZ tr N rt H φ -P 3 Φ ιP φ cn φ iP Hi tr ¹ EP Φ tr rt P Φ d tr p- • N Φ μ- P- P ¹ PJ-- P Φ PJ P- rt μ- Φ d PJ cn NP

Ω H H P dd P 3 φ 3 p- P cn er co rt cn P rt rt> ö PJ

• <! cn P "P d μ- d PJ

Φ DJ Φ i sΩ PJ μ- φ P- p- et PN _^ cn to Ir ¹ P- cn rt P- rt O rt Φ er Hi -P p Ω

P- • Ω φ 3 cn rt HH rt rt V μ- NX Φ P ¹ cn Ω P ¹ cn μ- H ι -P s: P tr

P er Z DJ p- N ö * Ö d Ω g • S P- to α Ω tr rt O iP P rt Φ Φ PJ N tr

Φ σ. φ DJ = | x! Φ cn φ o ö d φ P er 3 • ^ rt μ- tr P 'PJ P Φ DJ Φ t. -P d J ω σi tr P- cn cn φ 1 P P- er Φ cn «P> H Φ p- Φ P vp er P PJ: cn φ H

<! P ¹ 3 rt N μ- g tr P rt μ- φ rt PJ cn ^ rt cn N dd Φ Φ rt O rt cn O rt J to PJ z rt o rt φ rt 3 H d cn g ⁴ ---- • cn P- N ω er μ- to ι_ι. tr ¹ H Φ

PP ¹ Φ rt φ HHP T3 Φ cn p- P »rt -PH l_J- ö μ> Φ Φ g Φ n rt P o T = P- φ P- μ- Ω PJ Φ P- φ P- Ω £ P Φ co PJ d PJ Φ P P- ⁱ χl Z cn Φ rt cn φ cn rt O er tr ^* Φ INI ω d PJ er • PPHH cn z IV) φ »φ rt P> φ P ¹ P öd cn Φ μ- rt ^ d cn PP 3 P cn Φ HP Φ cn rt rt φ P ¹ P- Z cn P- PV \ -

Ω P d Ω φ P>: Φ Φ P- S Ω tP -P 3 d N - &. Φ P- P PI Φ Ω i P ¹ Φ tr - Φ _^ ~. P tr P EP P cn g rt Φ tr φ ö Φ p- H cn φ • HP ¹ N φ P μ- tr φ cn fc- ¹ P 2 μ- £

NH P- er μ- cn Φ <PP ¹ P l er rt ^ d Z μ- P- d * P ¹ iP n cn

D> N P- tr iP et ö EP Φ 1 DJ: PP ¹ Φ Cn rt t? D P- ip ö P cn P- φ 3 cn gn

Hi Cd cn Φ rt Φ Φ H jü. cn H N d φ P> P P- X- T3 P 3 φ P- Φ rt P P- to o rt

O DJ N ιp H d H3 P- N Φ PP Φ. d rt P g cn HPN d: rt tr J t P ^« cn tr P" φ μ- Ξ er cn -PO: P- rt <! NP P-. PS o rt d 1 tr PJ P- rt φ -P μ - Φ Φ cn P φ rt 1 P -P rt so Φ P _* er PJ og tr J ^ 1 H φ Φ d μ-

P- rt cn P- PP μ- d cn DJ Φ cn o P P- N rt P er φ P- P P- Ω Pd H P- Hi Hl O rt cn cn H cn Φ cn H rt H Ω er er Ω d P- P Φ> P P- EP P- N vp tr PJ P Ü3 d P cn rt cn PJ tr ¹ P φ ^• «PJ cn d tr o P- cn tr ιP Φ φ P ^J cn Hi d cn Φ HP Φ

Ω P- J rt P P <PPH ¹ g Φ P Φ H cn Hl α Hi P- d α H

• »P r φ H d er P tr DJ rt P- H-> N cn PP tr ¹ i P- P Hi P- Φ tr d Φ d iP PH μ- φ 3 P ιp n μ- d" * d K • PJ O rt rt d P rt O: tr ¹ Hi HHPP er P ¹ to Φ HNP Φ Dd μ- cn O P. cn HP tr H cn Φ NP Φ • H dd ^ PJ -PP> P- Φ> - < cn rt P DJ cn Ω • PH Φ Φ er H P- Hl HP IQ P ¹ Φ s: cn φ o P- P- PJ: μ>

NP cn <! tr ¹ iP tr cn cn cn cn ιP O -P rt μ- & Φ cn H d rt P- H rt tr rt - »φ PJ NOHP rt Φ PJ PJ Φ cn P Φ cn H PJ: P μ- DJ P rt H cn cn d tr ¹ H t φ o φ P tr ω ⁽ PH er P Ω P- NJ: Z rt P. cn H P- φ g Dd

HON μ- PH μ- Φ N Ir ¹ Φ PJ: cn P- tr Φ tN3 P- rt P- rt rt P- Ω cn cn -. TJ g cn dd Ω μ- φ μ- iP rt Φ PJ Cd P Φ cn Φ g PN α P tr t

N O r 1 ι cn r cn fe 3 p to

• Φ P cn φ μ. O μ- cn gd P- er Φ P- rt Φ tr Φ c cn s: φ μ- tr Cd P s P rt H rt Φ φ φ μ- φ Φ P Φ P ¹ μ- dd P-

• P P- s: • P φ PJ S to P- d = T) Φ d rt rt cn P ¹ . μ- rt cn H -> μ- P μ ^j DJ ιp Φ H o cn O φ P tr P "P Φ sΩ. cn d Ω P- öd PJ öd cn Ό φ P φ Φ

Hl Ω P P- • t et P "μ- er P- φ α iP w rt P tr cn <! • d PJ tf d cn φ P- v H tr d tr DJ cn • φ iP cn μ. Rt ω H 3 Φ cn N Φ> P -> rt φ Hi cn μ- P <! H P- φ PJ:

Φ P tr φ • μ- cn φ cn O φ P- P p- Φ cn μ- H tr ¹ • P- Φ er to ON P- P μ μ- er PJ et μ- rt 1 d μ- P rt ¹ P- 3 rt P DJ O cn P- rt φ HO: iP 3 i H tr tr er PPJPP φ dd P 1 Φ φ N P- P cn σ 1 cn Φ P- 1 vP p-

Φ 1 Φ φ P- P- 1 e Φ 3 PJ PJ cn Φ φ 1 P * μ- 1 rt Φ μ-

1 1 P- cn H rt H 1 1 Φ 1 1 1

co co to ιo P ¹

Cn o cn o Cn o cπ

P- ZN cn og M g P Cd PJ PH et rt P INI d PP er cn H α N IM Ω cn H s; PN cn φ cn os: OH Φ P- Φ P- cn er DJ D: d H Φ Φ tr d φ Φ P- J DJ Φ • p- tr ¹ d P- d • μ- P- rt tr P- H rt EP P EP φ ω rt P "rt PP> n P- Φ P ω P Φ cn 01 P- öd φ P ¹ rt φ H bd PP

Φ cn P- Φ cn rt cn • d cn er Ω rt H iP Φ H rt rt • P M 01 • P Φ

P- Ω Ω P P- H μ- INI Φ P H tr g <! g d rt φ g 01 P Ω N φ PJ H

P "tr P Ω Φ -P φ α ¹ Z Φ μ- rt O Φ P ü rt H o Ω t- <d tr μ P- öd P ¹

<φ rt Φ P Hl P P- J p- 3 rt Φ er H Φ H tr Φ cn tr tr n P "rt P cn INI

PP PJ Hl PJ rt 3 Φ φ μ- rt μ- Cn li P ¹ P- rt P- P- r- ¹ cn PJ 3 P ¹ s: Φ

PPN r- ^> <S P- PM cn P ¹ Ω Φ P ¹ PNP ^J P- P> P P- P- Dd er P- P-

P- P J g cn φ cn Φ rt N P- Ω Φ Hi tr P N Hl J ≤ Hi rt ^ rt P Φ π-> φ rt

Φ Φ tr 0 P- μ. • P t P d P- d d tr P Φ d N tr φ rt P- Φ bd cn

3 Φ er tr ¹ rt tr ¹ cn -P d Dd rt Φ rt P Φ P3 HP Φ Φ Ω PP ¹ H Φ P 03 P- cn N Ω

P- P- O * Ö n Ω P- Hi HP cn er er P- er μ. μ. pr er cn Φ Φ T3 P to • tr dg P ¹ cn do tr tr Φ Φ Ό -P d 3 Φ tP Φ ιQ ir> P- to tr P P- Φ dd H

(Λ φ Φ Hi P »PP ¹ p- rt P cn Hl g H Φ P P- P- Φ P PJ = Φ P» tr Φ DJ Φ HX • μ. Tr EP P- d * er Φ rt><Hi Φ P- μ. Ιp P iP HP EP H to rt P- HP H- φ rt

H 01 PP rt --- ~ tr P tr PNE Ω P ⁾ : ιp Φ DJ: DJ ^ d P- P>: rt D ι-3 P- tr ¹ N

Φ p- φ er. -. <! d P- PJ Ω φ 1 tr rt P- P rt cn d -P rt N PJ PJ P Ω Dd Φ rt O P

P- LP lS -P <! rt o P Φ P ¹ tr μ- co rt cn cn Φ cn cn P Φ d P ¹ er DJ tr cn P- LP cn DJ et P Φ OP ^> P iP rt H rt φ rt PP er H g H cn w Ω cn P ¹ φ P * dd PJ er HP to IN! Cn o ^• ö μ- cn g • g PNX do Ω tr rt tr Φ

PP ¹ o Pi: PN Φ 1 P d rt O »tl P tr dd d PJ Φ Φ P ¹ ö tr Hl Φ LP Q- Φ H

LP rt P φ φ z μ- ^ P- P cn 3 P> DJ PJ P ¹ cn P "P- Φ PP o P Φ Φ P -r ¹ cn tr ¹ cn φ P- H P- rt d cn er Ω P- he cn t-> cn C rt φ P- P "cn cn n CO

-PO rt g HP cn PP DJ rt tr rt <! Φ P P- DJ P- Φ Φ P- Φ 3 rt LP t φ ω »T φ cn PJ Td φ d Ω μ- er rt> - ^• O μ- Φ 03 d P t. he rt rt Φ P <! Φ t cn P ^> PP * Dd cn PJ tr Hi N P- Φ μ. PH cn Hi rt n 3 P rt P- P- O P- II

Ω rt PJ 03 Φ Hl Φ O μ- rt Φ Φ rt iP Φ H p- P- OP. -. rt Φ PPP tr d Φ PJ Cn P ¹ P- P φ P "PPNHP μ- P DJ HH co rt tr o H Φ <j cn rt -C φ CTι

Z P P P P- Φ cn H P * o Φ Φ Φ H rt d P μ- P -P 01 φ Ω Φ φ PJ H σi

P- • cn P- cn P Φ Φ cn cn cn O H Φ IN! P- P Φ φ P P Φ Cn

1-5 tr P P- P cn

P -r ¹ cn p- rt Φ P μ- rt er Φ O cn Φ cn N ^ PJ LP PPJ _^ «

P P- PJ ö rt P PJ 3 NN ιp sΩ, X DJ dd rt P- P H3 H μ- d Φ PH ¹ P- tr ¹ Φ Hl P -J

P- φ d P- DJ P ^J rt d P Φ μ. HJ rt P P- cn Ω iP er er φ rt OHH P- ιP 3 Hi φ rt P- μ- H> LP PJ P Φ rt cn Ό cn Dd Φ 3 P- Dd tr φ Φ O P- N cn Φ Φ ^" F er 3 P- Ω O P- rt φ P" DJ N P- H Ω CO cn P- Ω PJ et o P 3 Ω 1 er μ- H 01

Φ Hi Φ to O tr PP P> o cn Ω N Φ cn O tro cn P tr cn H Φ p tr O g Φ Φ φ μ- P- iP φ P rt II H tr • P- cn Ό P ¹ φ -P p- P- PP φ Φ t- "φ PPP Ω rt er P P- Hi Dd H P- <! Rt dd rt rt o P- NP 3 cn Ω PP EP PJ φ - rt P- rt Dd P- cn Φ rt PO Φ • Ό PJ H rt φ --- ^ 0 01 tr φ NP ^ d CO 01 Ω rt dd

P P- Hl CO er P> Hi tr <Φ P P d rt rt N P- D 3 rt rt Φ Φ P- P- tr Φ PJ P μ- <! Hi p- O rt Hi O rt cn P P- P- H rt P- o φ PJ ω • P- P iP LP tr er 01 PJ

Φ φ Φ Hl P- er N cn Φ P ir ¹ er OOD <cn PP rt Φ rt d P- P PJ rt P- 01 cn PH Hi er <lo Φ P> P φ Hi P ¹ rt PP cn Φ rt rt P- P- dg H φ DJ H μ- cn φ Φ Φ O φ 3 P- 1 H μ- IO PJ rt H PJ cn PJ OPP φ H rt Φ 01 J.

H g P μ. 3 P 3 rt rt dd er rt Dd P "Φ 0) PP ¹ PP φ er EP 01 φ H rt Φ

Φ ISI φ 3 φ * d - ^» DJ Φ rt p- P ¹ cn H Ω NO 01 H cn - - P- P φ PJ X

^ EP P Φ P dt cn P- μ- 3 I CO N tr rt PJ Dd P- P- • Φ s: P rt φ d cn NP -PPP P- <P <• d P- o tr cn d O t rt sQ. 3 P- Dd P- P-

P P- X O- φ "~ 'er P- cn Φ Φ g PH cn tr N Hi o φ P- PH φ PJ er O er ⁽ P ¹ P rt P cn PPO φ rt Φ X. d tr P- 01 J P- d cn PJ P P- cn P II rt J d rt Φ tr cn & H • PP PJ: 01 rt Ω 'P Φ N P- P Φ -P μ- PJ P ¹ er Ω P rt f PJ P cn p- PPPP ¹ * <01 tr 01 μ. 01 PP φ

-P <i Φ tr P t- ¹ P- et Φ P ¹ N Φ rt α -PM rt P Ω Φ PJ rt Dd cn

P Φ P- rt n ιP P- P Hi Φ H Hi P- Φ P Hi • Ω tr PX d 01 • rt X tr ¹

PJ tr ¹ > P 3 Φ P cn d O P- P d μ- cn Φ Φ -P rt H tr P- cn Ω P ⁾ σ P- O

O rt rt P Φ P ¹ HPP Φ P 1 H Φ Hi PJ α H P- g Φ H tr tr ¹ rt Φ φ co φ cn P> 1 N 3 cn er tr PP Φ 3 P- O rt Φ Φ P ^J O P- P 1

P> d P μ- ιP Φ d 1 H Φ Φ P N EP P- P- cn O P

* Φ Φ ιp Φ 1 P 1 01 01 μ- 1 I (et P ¹ P cn H 1 1 -P ^ - 1 N

co co to IO P ¹ P ¹

Cπ o Cπ o Cn o Cn

Mobile radio device MPl (also specified in degrees of longitude and latitude) has a constant distance difference Δxl = constant. The set of all location points for which the difference in the distances between two given, fixed location points - here the location points of the two base stations BS1 and BS3 - is constant can be described advantageously by a hyperbolic function.

Figure 5 illustrates in a schematic representation how, for example, due to the transmission of the measurement signal LCS1, the hyperbolic orbit curve for the locations of constant time difference or correspondingly for the locations of constant path difference between the first neighboring base station BS1 and the base station BS3 of the location radio cell CE3 can be found - that can. The base station BS1 is at a distance rl = DIll (see also FIG. 2) from the mobile radio device MPl. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2, the base station BS3 is at a distance r3 = DI1 from the mobile radio device MPl. These two distances rl, r3 are initially unknown. The mobile radio device MPl receives the measurement signal LCSl from the base station BS1. Since the mobile radio device with respect to the data traffic in its air interface is expediently synchronized with the base station BS3 in its stay radio cell CE3, ie it is forced to have its time slot rastering or clocking from there, and expediently receives a synchronization signal from the base station BS3 for this purpose this is equivalent to the fact that the mobile radio device MPl also receives a fictitious, imaginary measurement signal LCSl * from the base station BS3 of its location radio cell CE3. The mobile radio device MPl now determines the transit time difference Δtl = tLCSl-tLCSl * between these two measurement signals LCSl, LCSl *. Here, tLCSl denotes the signal transit time of the measurement signal LCSl on its path rl = DIll from the base station BSl to the mobile radio device MPl. tLCSl * denotes the signal transit time of the fictitious, imaginary measurement signal LCSl *, in particular synchronization signal on its path DIl = r3 from the base station BS3 to the mobile radio device MPl. By converting the time difference Δtl into A path difference with the aid of the speed of propagation v = speed of light c then results in particular in the relationship:

Δr = rl - r3, where rl = DIll, r3 = DIl c Δtl = c tLCSl - c tLCSl *, where the following applies: tLCSl * = tl2

It follows from this that the mobile radio station MP1 is located at the geometric location of all points for which the difference Δr of the distances from the base stations BS1, BS3 is constant. This corresponds in particular to a hyperbolic equation. The base stations are located in the focal points of the hyperbola. Their distance from each other is 2d (see FIG. 2). The normal form of the hyperbola equation is: x ² / a ² - y ² / b ² = 1, where x is the first variable of a Cartesian coordinate system and y is its second variable, and where 2d is the distance between the base stations (in Figure 1 shown in dashed lines). The following also applies:

2b = 2 ^ jd ² . -a ^2nd

+ 2α = rl -r3 = c - Δtl

In this case, Δtl is the measured transit time or time difference of the measurement signal LCSl on its path Dill from the base station BS1 to the mobile radio device MPl. The above relationships apply accordingly to the second measurement signal LCS2 of the base station BS2, where rl is to be replaced by r2 = DI21, 2d by 2d *, Δtl by Δt2. 2d * (shown in broken lines in FIG. 2) corresponds to the distance between the two base stations BS3 and BS2.

In other words, the transit time of the respective measurement signal can be used as Δtl or Δt2, which is sent from a neighboring base station such as BS1 to the mobile radio device co co to ιo P ¹ I- ¹

Cn o Cπ o Cn o Cπ

H - ^

P φ Hi 01 P cn Φ o 03 PPXPOP PH tr ¹ Hl er P rt <1 Hi Hl H trj (i N gp: P- H p: rt Φ μ- P- H rt Φ 3 er p- Φ Cd ^ P 3 P p: Φ Φ Φ o: d P P- φ Φ π rt Φ LP H P- μ, P ^' P rt P- H d rt ι-i 03 co to cn d H μ- PPHH LQ hi μ- P "

03 O P- 3 P Φ 03 cn ^ 03 P- P o 03 <! Hl P t P- d rt φ tr 3 ^ d PPH Φ P s: <g 01 X- ONP φ K Φ PPP Φ ii <! P ¹ LP g H rt P- rt μ. P d P ¹ P ¹ Φ P o O P. H Φ PP 3 μ- φ P- P- μ. o μ- φ

T) Φ LP cn P LP P σ P "H φ er X cn p- P- 03 rt H Φ Φ H Ω cn

P ¹ LP cn 01 X d P- Φ LP Φ «et« 3 P- P- O φ P- rt Cd Φ P LJ. ^ - u3 tr φ

H- P- Φ Φ H tr ¹ φ P Φ O Φ Z φ P t ^"1 PH μ- dd cn Φ μ- φ Φ P

P tr Ω 01 H O P P P Φ 3 g Hi p- cn LP P- n 03 er Hi P P- P -P LP P α

P rt tr P to n to Φ Φ ι l P μ- p o d o φ Ω φ Hi cn μ- Φ Hl 03 Ω P- d φ Φ

• cn Φ CO Φ 03 03 d 03 P d tr P Cd tr P Hl 1 cn P- ¹ φ P- tr ι H tr <J rt

P- PP P- P 03 HP P- er P ¹ tE] PP Φ co 03 p: H 03 Φ φ Φ

P P LP • μ- Φ rt g g er μ- P- iP ^ P- φ H μ- rt 03 φ 03 Hi P t P H

P P P Ω P- z

PO o N P- Ω er Hl Φ P ¹ rt P Φ PP rt P rt d: φ N P-

P P P -— - tr P p- tr tr Φ P- tr P d ι-i o rt P P rt Φ N P H o 03 P O: H

P ¹ rt rt φ P P- μ- P "φ rt rt P p: P ^> NP μ- rt H μ- LP α

P Φ t ^"1 μ Hi P" P "d P- er rt φ ddd P ¹ o ~ {P- P rt PN Φ • μ- P- t- ¹ n Φ Φ Hi Hi Φ tr P o LP Φ P- PP 03> P ^ rt OP Φ P φ H φ P o cn μ- XH dd Φ PP Φ 03 PP er Hl rt X φ to P ¹ P cn P- d α cn co P Φ Φ PPP ¹ μ- cn HP rt d- ^' to OPO 03 P. rt P P- φ φ co LP P- P er er P- P g <i P = g P -i φ tr cn Φ dd g rt μ- - ^■ LP Φ μ- μ - • er Φ et N iP P Φ φ φ rt πd P -5 ι-J II to dd H cn Φ H Φ P-

PP - - ^• Φ N Φ Φ Φ LP P o HP ¹ φ to INI do tcj -P P> 03 P- Ω P ir ⁽

P- N N φ H> n H Φ tr g i-i CO Z P rt P to ^ P- 03 Ω tr tr φ P

Φ Φ Φ μ- Φ et p: p: P co d: P- TJ φ P- LP tr ¹ φ to er N cn tr Φ Φ cn dd P ¹ P- Ω P co rt rt Ω er PP ¹ P-. 01 03 OH o rt μ P- • ö μ- P Hi rt P 01 Ω tr II cn 03 tr Φ PP P- φ Ω er cn Cd X- »p LP d p. l_l- N μ- φ tr P rt 03 P ü d PP φ ≤ tr Φ to Dd co PP Φ φ Φ - ^ ιp ι-i OP φ P f φ Ξ P- μ- 3 PP Φ LP φ Φ P- 1 P co Hi mg P er PBZ P- φ _^ »Ω Φ rt φ O li P rt μ- LP 03 d φ P- P 03 rt 03 d: P o P * rt Hi φ tr rt Φ H CO Hl μ- P - rt rt Ω rt PP ¹ Td P- φ H rt er P- tu o μ- P

O LP PP co o rt Ό rt tr P- • 01 P P- t 03 μ- 01 P- tr ¹ φ P ¹ P P-

H Φ p- P ö H φ Hi d φ h LP Φ φ 03 PP d O li% LP p- Hi rt 3 rt P <er 1 P li p: P} - ^• P ¹ P- ö P- P φ rt -P μ- H Hi cn rt Φ φ LP Hi cn Φ rt er μ- Φ φ Φ H er et co φ er PPHP φ Φ φ d P ¹ H Φ Φ

• d P- 3 Φ Φ -i rt H rt. EP Φ P M 03 -P rt N ι_ι- Ω P P er P H

O P Φ P- H cn Φ Φ <! φ 03 d LP Φ P- μ- Φ Φ tr er P P Φ o Φ

03 n P rt P- to P- P P- OP rt H φ ^ P- tr O μ- P Φ LP d LP P tr ¹ P

H- P LP P φ Ω Ω Hi PPPP P- Ω rt Φ rt P Ω μ- P Φ Hi φ p: ON rt 3 φ Φ P tr φ tr O Φ Φ 3 tr H h P • tr LP H P- 03 INI cn μ- φ P rt P- • ö HP 0 3 φ tr P- dd P Φ p: cn φ rt Φ 1 Φ

O μ, P Dd P ° P 3 Φ Φ er o ^* P- P Φ φ o Φ PP rt Φ d Φ P- cn H

P φ Cd P P- φ ö P P- KH Φ P 01 PP ¹ t rt P P- rt rt p- lP OH p- 03 Ω 03 P rt P 3 HH rt rt p: cn - o N g P Φ r ; 03 ιp P-

P Ω P μ- tr N P- P? • Φ 01 P φ H d nd Φ rt p Ω P tr

Φ tr P- rt 03 er X d O φ Φ Φ PP rt Ω μ- Hi rt P ¹ 3 P »tr P rt

03 P lJ ι-i 03 Φ Φ P d H Ω P- ö P- φ tr P d: Φ 03 Φ OP ¹ P "

P- Φ Φ rt P- P- er φ rt er tr Φ P- φ ^ P φ l P- φ -S P- P- cn 03 g rt P- Hl P et rt θ: P P- Φ Φ φ d PNP P- Φ P cn rt μ- o et Hi rt Φ P i P- ^■ P tr cn d P tr] LQ er PXPP LP LP o N iP Ω tr OWN μ- tr HP: Φ p: 1 Φ Φ o er ^ Φ O μ- μ- Φ φ s: φ p- μ- d 3 Φ o P Φ rt tr 03 03 03 NP ¹ P φ 03 P. PN P- P iP

P μ- PP ¹ P Φ Φ O rt rt T) P- φ CO P 03 Ω P- er d φ φ Φ P

Hl er φ rt er H ii Φ φ O rt H X- d rt 03 tr φ o 03 P-. -. P dd rt H Ό tr Φ g N rt tr cn P- P ¹ PP μ- Φ P iP Ω <d-- 03

P * »• tr d Φ H Φ d P 03 μ- Φ P- O Φ d P Ω P er 03 Φ tr LP tr er Φ P 1 E 3 P- he PP rt PPP 03 rt tr Φ rt tr P g P ¹ P ¹ Φ P

LP e P- 1 Φ Φ P P- P o Φ P- P Φ Φ co • H Φ

Φ P rt P 1 φ O • »Φ 1 P P rt X- H

1 PP 1 α

CO co IO to P ¹

Cπ o Cπ σ Cπ o cn

Hl P- CO P P- 03 rt P N o rt P P Φ Ω O Q er P s: P et H er Φ <rt H 03 X D

Φ φ Φ φ tr O $ Φ ι-i X Hl P- P P- P P- tr H iP P o d P- φ Φ d P- P- o Φ P- o rt P- -P

H he PPP ¹ rt P Φ φ rt o LP φ Ω P Φ rt Hi PPHHH P- PP ¹ PHP Φ μ P φ Hl

Φ rt rt • Φ Ω Φ P- Ω 3 P φ 01 tr P 01 • PP Hi P ¹ LP Hi P LP HN rt •

P P- o P tr P cn er P φ er Φ "Ü - ^> o Φ o rt d Φ P Φ dd P- N

N LP H Cd Φ P φ Φ 3 \ -> Φ li P P- O er er Φ P- Hi - ^> NP d der PPP o • er

3 er P N Φ er rt p: ω P- Φ H P 01 01 P P P- P d: LP X. er t Φ LP Φ P öd P φ Φ n d ta P rt X EP P cn φ rt N φ μ- P Η rt -i Φ p- dd -P P- g rt Φ • P

03 μ. P- P- P P- o P P- P- LP P- Φ μ. P- rt P P cn Φ P H • Φ LP Φ o 3 P P

03 rt Ω Φ Φ Ω n -P 01 Φ g PP LP P μ- N Ω P- P P- PH φ μ- tr Φ φ tr ¹ d tr H o tr s: Φ Φ rt LP ON Φ o Φ μ. tr P Φ Φ _' • d: DJ: P P- HPXO Φ

P er μ rt P to H ι- {tr P- Dd 01 P 01 rt h- ¹ NPP er rt H Φ P- P- cn 01

LP Φ P Dd P- Ω O X Φ Φ P- LP P p: P- P- Φ P H Hi <! φ

Φ P- PPP tr Ω P o φ P- PP ^J Φ 03 g Φ P Hi rt rt -P Cd INI PH 3 Φ d Φ ON

P cn 03 φ P tr d P- P N Hi P P- Φ P Φ d 01 N Φ 3 Φ 03 O: P N P H P N X

P P- rt H Φ Hl iP cn Φ rt d 01 EP P- 01 H Φ Φ H Ό P- tr P LP rt Φ er 03 P • tr ¹ φ

P Φ g 03 Φ P LP H φ P Pi 01 03 LP Hi P HI rt Φ P- P- P- μ- P Ω d Dd O Ω d H o cn P er Φ Φ O g X er P rt P- P ¹ LJ. φ Hi g PH ω φ μ. Hi rt Φ tr H cn er -ü-T

Hl rt rt rt rt EP 03 o φ LP d P P- φ p- P- Ό Φ P P o Ω P- H P- Ω to 3

LP hd P- P tö Φ Z Φ Φ φ er H Φ Hl rt P Ω XPN ii CP iP rt P er tr N μ- p: Φ tr dd p: φ OP "rt PHP μ- er H- P li N p - P tr φ φ P- o 1 3 P o P- Ω rt cn P EP

03 Hi P- μ P- P ¹ rt Φ pj: Φ o P- μ- Φ INI Φ φ P Φ tr Φ μ- P ¹ φ μ-

O: P- d o 3 03 P- rt P- o Hi P rt P- P P φ P to φ Φ P H rt s: H Φ φ P cn ^ H LP

03 rt PP cn rt 3 • 03 H d • 03 rt X P- P- H rt Φ P- 03 Φ ii Φ d PH Φ rt rt p- er φ P- P- P 3 X P- Φ ιp 01 P- rt --— - OPP 3 P öd 3 01

OPZ er er σ d 03 er P Φ μ- φ φ rt P- rt 03 Hl er P ¹ PP co O: Φ co μ- φ z P Φ P- rt Φ MPP P- N d cn Φ \ τ> P Φ 01 H Ω Φ H θ: Φ LP g μ- to P μ- φ 03 H φ o PON er Φ Φ Hl 03 co P rt P tr XPP P- d P Φ PPP

H tr p: H o d rt H d N • d g • t-r P "Φ 3 P φ P- P P P- EP φ P- φ

P- rt N to

Φ φ tr P- rt P * P P • Dd Hi o P 3 P- P- φ φ H Φ P φ Ω cn P cn

Φ 03 • P Φ s Φ <1 • Φ P- LP dd • N er P Φ rt P- cn P φ 03 P tr P- φ rt

P rt g öd 01 IX Φ φ • Φ P- P P N P- - - P φ to er rt LP μ- d φ μ-

P- πd • P P- 03 p- <! P er tr ¹ μ- p: LP PP 3 d Hi • PPPP φ

3 P> er rt rt 03 JÖ o d tr P öd O rt Hi tr er P φ d: P- φ O o P Hl rt 03

P. 3 Cd cn NP rt PH 03 Φ P cn CO P- d Φ Φ d P tr φ P- HHP Φ μ NHP P> μ- PHP ¹ cn Φ P- α

P d tr cn rt φ P μ. dd P- iP P φ Ω H N tr

P φ co H P P φ § d Hl Φ Hi er d Φ g H g P φ P Φ 01 tr 03 s; Φ

03 LP Hi P li 0 ^* iP d Ω PN <1 Hi ιp P LP P- φ rt φ cn 01 d er tr Φ Ω Φ H

P- P- er tr P φ φ 03 P tr P d O φ Φ LP rt Φ EP H EP P- φ P P- Φ Φ tr μ- rt

Ω 3 P Φ μ * P d PHX er PPPHH 01 H cn P 03 03 LP Φ cn p- o P- H tr P- P er Φ P Hl Φ φ rt Φ P Φ φ p: £ P- P P- 03 IM H o 3 Φ Φ PP rt φ PP 01 P P- p- P- Φ rt ι-i φ P rt Φ X <1 iP Φ -P rt Φ er PPP -P

P rt P 03 Φ P Ω 03 Ω Φ N 3 P- N 01 P- P o PPPP P- Φ g P- Cd φ P ¹ LP d

P- P P d 03 03 tr φ tr d p- P 01 03 H P P rt rt μ- Φ φ 3 er P- H P

Φ d rt P cn rt er Φ P tα 3 rt Φ X er φ iP XH P- P ^J 3 EP ii O rt Ω Φ iP

H er α P- Φ Φ P- P- 3 p- rt H μ- Φ Ό Φ 03 φ φ O P- 01 Φ HI P- tr P tr P P- φ 03 03 03 P Φ Φ HH iP HP Ω M μ. P o Φ N

Φ IM P 01 Φ O P- rt Ω Φ P P "Φ Φ & O Φ Ό P P- tr 3 LP p- P P P Φ Φ

P- s: P rt ä P rt P φ tr l-i φ P P- N P- LP er H Φ P Dd Φ V P 01 LP P H

P Φ Ό d P 03 Φ tr 03 P • rt P INI Φ o P cn Hi P rt tr to P-

Φ P- H 03 Φ P- P rt N dd cn er φ PP co cn PP ¹ P- N φ φ g

P P- P- P P- ι-i 03 Φ g μ. • Φ P- Φ to d Φ P φ P 3 -> P- P φ

CSI Φ P P P- P φ O o O P P- LP P rt P Φ ö Hi 3 P iP d • rt EP

3 φ LP P LP P H H P- rt Φ I d P H P- P Φ P- P- H IM H Dd 01

O: P- g Z Φ P φ P d'- rt φ P rt 01 Φ P rt P P- rt φ μ- φ Ω d CO PP μ- iP rt Φ φ PP d HPNP 03 td ¹ HH ^ & H d P LP er 3 H tr Φ 03 LP

P tr φ P Φ P d P Hl O P- er Φ N P H P Φ O Φ o Ό μ- P

P- P- H Ω er P P- P- P φ d H Φ Hi P- Φ P Ω P 1 P g P P H P Φ 03 P

1 Hi 1 tr O: P P- PP rt Hl 1 d: 1 P tr tr 1 P- o μ. 1 1 P 1 P "1 Φ P 1 P er 03 Φ HP" Φ Φ 1 Φ φ 3 1 1 1 P 1

co co I t P ¹ P ¹

Cπ o Cπ o Cπ o Cπ

K P LP S! H Hi o P g tr N Φ 03 P P ö P P P- ^ d - ^ tr N P "03 φ tr Hi

P t φ P d P 'cn P ^J Ω rt rg φ PP 2 Ω

P- P- Φ Φ PO tr Φ O Φ Φ o H Φ Φ d P- φ φ P- d P dp: P- P P- d 3 φ d φ o tr rt Φ O P- HPP tr P- P ¹ P Hl H li H φ t P • ö PHHH Φ

Hl LP 01 Φ 3 P • P- P o Φ Ω 3 er 03 rt p: rt p- tr Hl Φ er Hl Φ Ω 3 P φ PH φ P- PPP ¹ P cn φ P ^» tr Dd Φ hd IM X 03 rt • P d P LP P tr dd P

Φ P P rt φ 03 Hl O H LP P P "er cn P o Φ Φ O N P- P P Φ P g P cn

P- H Hl N φ P- P ¹ rt d cn φ Φ Φ Hl Φ P P> 01 P ¹ H ι-i P rt er Φ LP O P- cn Hl Ω

P- P- d HO p: PNPO er p- P P- rt rt P- 03 LP p: φ tr P- P- P tr φ μ 01 PNP er cn P- P- ts Φ PP 3 α rt φ Φ Φ Ω φ 1 Φ iP rt P P- φ 01 P cn Ω Cd Φ! P LP O Hi 3 3 P- P- P P- Φ 03 tr rt ^ H Φ rt cn P "p- φ P <tr Φ HP 3 P- Φ ιp P- QP er Φ rt N 0 n rt s; d P = X z listens

H P- Φ PX LP ii Φ 03 cj Φ rt üd Φ P d P Cd PP o PP rt Φ Φ μ- d P- PP rt φ P Φ s: cj p: P Ω § P P- Φ 03 rt Dd 01 P ¹ tr Φ P er μ- ι-i ι-s P Ω rt P- ts

H iP N p- P- er et P tr ι-3 Φ O rt 0 X O 3 er φ 03 φ P N P rt P P er t P- Ω d

P φ π Φ rt φ Φ LP φ P φ cn H P H P φ co d = Φ er rt ι-i P Φ d φ Φ • cn et O tr P

Hi P O Φ μ. φ P P P 1 Φ Φ Φ P P 01 01 P rt g 03 Hi rt P rt Ω P rt er

OP o rt HN 3 tr rt ι-3 P ¹ P rt Φ φ P 01 rt PO d P ¹ tr Cd P tr rt

H Φ H cn d • μ. O: Φ H ö Φ n H Φ φ μ. P P tr P N φ p: P φ rt P P- p- Φ

3 P P * Ö P dd rt H P H P ö d: P Φ 3 P 3 φ P- P d P- μ- P- μ- P- H P 3

P P- φ iP • rt rt P- Hl 1 P er 03 P 3 Φ lS er o rt P φ 3 OP & rt dd PN Φ φ π O g P- Φ Φ dg P d cn Hl tr o M • P er <1 LP Φ

P- PP P- cn dd -> o H o φ μ. P- cn Hl o P- P dd dp: H co P. co j rt OP ¹ H

O 01 rt Hi φ φ P X 01 3 3 P P P p- er Φ ιp LP P P P rt α φ P- er 01 φ ι-i Φ

P P- Φ P- P- P P- P- p P φ rt φ P P- φ 03 er -P Φ P- P H LP φ φ H rt P- tr

Φ 01 P 01 P d li Ω o rt 1 Φ HP & P ^J σ P- LP μ- i P- P 3 3 Φ P ι-i P μ. Φ Ω Φ

P 01 Ω Φ rt O tr P P- PPP Hl Hi P 3 φ 01 Φ LP P- PP rt P- 01 P- tr P- rt P tr HNPON Φ ^ P ¹ or rt tr ω ii Φ Q rt H Φ rt P "Φ P d P Φ Φ φ P- o P d H 03 d p- HP φ g Φ rt p: <H ΪÖ Φ P rt P- tr P Φ

P rt i-i P ^ d i-i 01 P) P tr Φ 3 O P cn P er P o P P rt o g o μ- P LP er P P

P- P- d P- O P P P Dd LP er μ- φ P er Φ rt 03 P o er 03 μ <J φ Hi cn to o H P P>

03 LP 03 PP. O- H φ IM Φ μ Φ P μ. P μ- er Φ rt 3 o PPP rt Φ φ p. P P- P er Φ φ er Φ P er OP Φ H d H φ P ¹ Hi O g P P- P Er ii d Φ Φ er H d Φ ιP Hl rt PP Φ H φ ü Φ PP d P p: li Hl PP hd φ P ¹ P Φ N <HHH rt 3

HP Φ O P- rt P cn P ¹ Φ HPPP ¹ P LP rt d P- P ¹ H Hi P φ tdoo P-

Ω PH o P- P o H 3 Ω P Φ lP hd P Dd d Φ H φ LP P <j £ -3 H rt tr d: Φ 3 P Hl PP Φ P P- P rt 03 P g O er cn co 3 Dd PH μ- 01 o φ rt er PP P- rt PX d dd rt cn Φ o 03 φ T) ω ιP co P- φ er td Ω z cn P rt P- tr Φ

If he Φ φ φ 01 H rt rt PP μ- 03 P ¹ P- Φ P rt 03 iP Φ P tr φ μ- Φ cn Φ

P- H dd P- O: P P H μ- i o Φ Φ ιp rt H d μ- rt Φ P cn μ- ιP φ P φ Hl er

Φ 3 POP rt φ φ PP ¹ O Öd HP gd: p- p: Ω PM P- li P- μ- 03 01 P P- P p- P

P- cn P P P- IM μ- tr P P tr -1 P o er O rt tr μ. 3 P = LP 03 μ- φ P P Φ P P H

INI rt P- φ Φ o φ P LP P- Ω POPP ¹ σ Φ P P. P "3 rt Φ 03 Ω Φ P Φ P Φ φ rt 01 PPPP ¹ P- Φ P ¹ P <! PP d μ- H φ g N Φ Hl d rt tr P φ H 01 Φ P

P- Φ 01 φ rt φ P P- cn OPPH -PP ¹ 3 P hd s: H φ P s. o P d PP tr P et P- rt LP p- P 01 P φ rt P Φ Ω Ω φ Hl P- rt Φ P μ. φ rt P n P- p- P o

P rt P LP PO rt ^ rt P ¹ P tr 03 d rt P Ω> P φ er μ- PN Φ φ P ^J li μ- rt Hl φ d O 03 03 Ω P rt φ 01 er d φ rt o 03 N d H er α rt

Hi X p- • <! π N P P tr o dd et <tr er Φ H φ 3 Hl -i Φ N o P d co Φ 01

Hi φ O o Φ P- Φ er P P LP o Φ Φ L rt H p: Φ 03 • l-i α P- tr H tr

Φ HPPH P- ¹ Hi HN Φ P φ td OH tr Φ rt dd tr EP P -xl dd dd Φ Φ li LP Φ

H P d rt! - • μ. Φ H P P tr rt Φ H P 01 P- rt φ • tr co X Φ P- Φ P er cn%

Φ Φ P Ω Φ cn Dd Φ P 1 P Φ P P = Z cn rt LP tr O d Φ φ H φ P- P P Φ φ

PP rt tr P- Pl Ω H <! P 'PP P- rt Φ P- P tr Hl g er μ- 3 P ^J P er ι-i

N • cn P "ö tr O Φ OP P- PP ¹ o cn H 01 <03 Φ Φ hd P P- Φ φ P rt tr

3 P tr 01 φ PP P- et P φ Φ PP 01 O φ rt PP μ ^> P Φ P- P g & rt o Φ φ g P P- PPP tr 03 Φ 03 rt P Φ g Φ et H P- cn 1 rt PHL μ- or H

01 P- d φ Hi d Ω Φ P rt P er n ⁱ χ) PPNP 1 1 P rt Φ LP er Φ P

03 rt Ω rt 01 HP Hi P ¹ Φ öd P l- ¹ • rt dd> Φ μ- P P- P P- d tr Φ XP 01 P- P 1 π rt LP p- 1 Hl rt P φ P £ g P H- ^> P φ P 01 p-

PH 1 W φ φ O 1 X Hl o 1 Φ rt 3 1 1 P 1 1 1 lo 1 1 P

co co to to ¹ P ¹

Cn o Cπ o cn o cπ

P- rt α et P P P g Φ 03 H Ω 03 Φ tr ö o öd rt z TI er tr Cd rt öd «P P Φ ö H er P LP

P H P d Φ P φ Φ o P Φ Φ tr Φ X μ- μ- tr P Φ P P μ- P- p- Φ P O φ P 03 P P- Φ P φ

01 P rt Hl er rt P ^J P rt 03 3 PPH Ω 01 Ω P

LP Φ s: o • _^ 3 tr rt 03 Φ P μ- P Φ P 03 HP ¹ P

V P- tr P- 03 P 03 P 01 φ μ- O rt rt P Hl φ μ- 3 • P P- = tr rt tr g Φ P P- 'P 3 er P ^J P iP P- Φ rt d φ 01 O Φ dd 03 d rt φ er rt P- er o PHP cd Φ Hi P Φ 3 μ- PP 01 3 rt PPP er 03 PH Φ 3 Φ d 3 P- P tr P rt α Φ 3 P- d rt OHP id Φ POP rt 3. s: LP er PP rt P- 3 P li P 3 Φ P

P- he P 03 o PPP 1 H rt P Hl H o cn PO φ LP <PP er l_J. iP φ PP μ ^j P li 3 P Φ Φ er P- HP rt Z cn rt P et PN Φ o P rt PHH φ tr P

Hi PP P- Φ P- LP • ^ φ 03 μ. P μ- 3 μ- P d -SP H- rt PP s; μ- to PP d P P- Ω HPP Φ d H P- P LP P. Φ o Φ O n Φ H p: 01 O P- P ¹ Φ P cd HP

P φ tr Ω Φ er HP rt P φ Φ P μ- P tr HP rt P- rt P 0 Φ Φ p- P co s: Φ in er et Ω 3 rt p: er • PHPH IM PP Dd 03 Ω PP " d P- P- ιP Hl öd d Φ P- t NP • n Φ PP 3 HP Φ rt tr μ- 03 gg P- 01 P φ Ω g

Φ P P P 03 H er <Φ co Hi P 03 öd tr φ P μ- 01 μ- P <o o LP φ tr o

H 03 ιp 03 d Φ Φ μ- o OP ¹ o • PPH Φ P Dd μ- PP Φ Φ PP φ er HP Φ tr p: P ¹ P- Hl 03 PP ¹ 3 HP "LP P er P ¹ P Φ 01 iP h- ¹ P- α H Φ φ PP P- P P- rt cn 03. o rt <Φ P- rt 3 φ Φ P rt 03 φ P 03 Φ 03 P Φ er P dd φ P>

03 d tr l P- Φ μ- rt φ PP n Φ μ- d cn d rt 03 H P- Φ φ g PP 01 Hl d er rt T3 P o H trört φ P Hi er rt rt P Ω Pl g P P- P- o 03 zd

P Φ P -> PH 3 er HP er P P- P- P CO cn Φ Φ O: φ N rt tr P o P- PP er Φ P- IM φ P rt P- rt p- PP ¹ rt μ- PP rt PPOPPPPP Φ μ- P er dd φ φ P- 01 03 d P- er

Φ P P- P φ P- Φ P H Φ P P P LP rt P s: <rt P 03 1-1 O φ P- Hl P 01 cn l-i rt ιp

H Φ O er I- ¹ Φ P P- PP φ Φ φ Φ d Φ Φ tr φ P rt P ^J Φ hd Hl iP rt Φ Φ

P iP d H P 03 Hl μ H P P Φ P. φ g Hl P g O d φ P ^ 1 H H

P - _^ rt g P φ N Φ Ω ^ NP er l- ¹ μ- φ rt od rt N o 01 P LP rt dp:

P er 03 50 • o LP H d P- P IM tr O d Φ μ- rt α P 03 σ P P tr d tr P- er φ P- P O rt

P- et Φ α c- er 03 Φ d P H er P P 03 P Φ μ- φ er P H P- rt P er o er er

Φ P- P- P o Ö P- tr o Φ Pl P ^J SP 1 rt P g Φ φ LP P- Φ Φ P rt Φ 01

H P 3 W 3 Φ i-i P- Dd P Hi rt P d o d ^ φ o cn 03 er Φ rt ≥ϊ Hi O H P P- P Φ to

Φ φ P- ιP Hi 03 LP P P Hl P- φ H Φ Hl P d P tr Φ H cn P d t

P p: Φ dd o P-

3 Φ ii rt φ d rt d φ cn OP rt PP rt ιP P μ- P- μ- tr er p: 1 Ω P cn rt P co P er P μ P er P Φ P 3 P- HP Φ • er NP 03 Φ P rt • ^ d tr er er Hl co 01 Φ φ

P- tr> P -> Φ er tr P 03 3 Φ P! er -S N s: cn Hi rt 03 P d H LP Φ Φ P Φ 01

Φ P- d P cn tr LP rt 03 tr 03 P P Ω P. Φ μ- Φ P- er d rt P P- P P- Φ 03 H H φ P- Ω φ

HP Hl 03 H Φ • 1 Φ rt rt g Ω PP Φ l- ¹ 03 Φ P tr Φ rt P er Ω H rt 3 P ¹ HP tr P- α Φ Ω rt H Tf cn P P- O Φ d P ' Ω 03 er Φ tr • N tr p: P- O: 01 P "tr H LP öd d P LJ. OP = α d rt rt OP tr 01 P rt N Φ tr O LP μ- rt 3 Φ rt rt 3 LP p: Φ P- φ

PP rt Φ 3 Φ rt μ- P μ. P- P P- P- 01 Φ N • φ P Φ cn φ P- Φ 01 p - ¹ IM d p- Φ P

03 LP tr z 3>: Φ er 3 O Φ φ P * H rt dd P P P- 1-1 Ό P P tr P d μ. -S rt rt he φ

P- P φ o μ- 3 cn N 3 P P Hi n • d Φ p: μ- tr H φ 03 tr P Ω φ Φ Φ

01 tr P "P- P 03 P- Φ rt ω d tr α 03 g H rt Φ Φ P- Φ • μ. Φ LP tr Ω H tr P hd

03 Φ rt P "rt et Z Φ P z td PPO μ> -P o Φ cn P" lf P- H LP 01 rt er rt N Φ O et 03 cn P- Ω p- N μ- p- P φ φ P er P z 3 o Φ tr 03 Φ Φ Ω P rt <3 z P 01

P et 1 LP tr Φ d H Φ H μ, IM LP PP rt P- 3 PZ er cn P φ P Φ o Z p: Z p- rt Φ • * a φ PH rt P Φ P P- Φ φ Φ CO PP ¹ φ d φ Φ Φ P tr H μ- EP o hd rt

P- tr d P rt Φ d P- LJ. Φ Φ H μ- μ- d Hl tr Hl P- P- 3 g φ d = rt PH P- H i P- o et P g P P- IM er P Φ P p: PP er 03 d H 03 POH er φ P LP P d P- O

P • er o φ P- P * • Φ LP z rt. -. er φ Φ Ω P Φ φ φ Φ P- P φ Φ er ö- Φ cn P P

N tr p ^j Φ φ öd ι-i Φ φ d- Φ tr er H μ- 03 μ- H Φ 01 PZN

P- -3 ¹ cn ö Φ P- HP • et cn P- tr P. P rt rt iP Φ PPP rt rt P- Φ μ- φ φ P- er

PPP ¹ P- H Ω P ¹ P dn P- er Φ Φ φ P er er HPP 3 P- P- H Ό Φ

3 Hi P 03 <P tr P- P- P td Ω rt tr ZH Cn PP rt P Φ er P Φ P 01 rt P- 01 cn P- Φ d OP Φ LP P LP Ω 03 P ^ - tr μ- Φ Φ p: OP μ. P Hi Φ LP N 01 rt Φ φ rt φ et PP iP PH Φ P ^J Φ tr P- • rt <i PH rt LP ly <03 μ- rt d P d O • Φ P P-

P- d: er φ Φ 03 Z P rt P Φ Φ <! d Φ P Φ p P Φ P H P er -P P- P-

P er er LP H P 03 φ Φ H φ α P 3 Φ d P H φ g P P ιP rt er φ P P 3 φ P Φ Φ P P rt> s: P H μ. LP <d P P P d ti <o φ Ω P- O: 1 01 1 φ

HPHHP Φ 1 IM Φ d Φ P 03 Φ Φ 03 PP Hi Φ 1 P tr N <P 03 PP 1 p: P P- d P Hl P- 1 d 1 H 03 P 1 d Φ 1 rt 1 P 1 1 1 1 1 H

co - co I t P ¹ P ¹

Cn o Cπ o cπ o Cn

PPP Ω Hl hd P- H Hi} PP cn Hl LP TI er H TI TI d er PP Φ P Dd rt IM HP φ dd tr d O 3 P d = Φ μ- P- rt d Φ P Φ Φ dd tr P - Φ φ H Φ cn P- • P Φ s 1 t? T- P & d

P Hi PPP 01 iP Ω Φ Hi PPHP ¹ H Ω PP φ P "PH Hl H co O Dd Ü Ω ti Hl

N LP p er P- g φ d tr Hi rt er P = rt tr er er H Hi OP • Φ P tr! d Φ dp LP rt O P- P Φ öd Φ P- 03 rt 01 "- {P rt N d dd g P ¹ hd P- 03 P- Φ Hl P g er N Φ Φ p- tr P LP PP H. O rt 01 P Φ P- Φ PP co Φ iP OP φ PPP er Φ rt

Ω P d HO P- φ 1 03 Φ PPP LP rt o Φ er 03 rt 03 P- Φ φ • • O: P tr tu d H p: PP "3 \ μ- P et <J P- φ Φ PP LP cn% P- P 03 3 PP

Φ dd rt Φ Hl cn N Dd μ- O φ P 03 φ Φ 03 rt Φ tr P 3 f- ¹ φ P Cd Ω P d N d cn Φ cn o P hd Φ u H dd p- 3 P- ι- i φ g Φ Φ O: rt

P- P ffi g P X 01 rt P O P O P- o ti P Ω 03

P 03 TI P t φ s P P 5 Ω πd p: co LP P- o μ.

03 P Cd Ω rt to P 03 P rt er 03 tr Hl

Φ P- Φ LP P- Φ rt IM P- g φ Hi μ- tr co W • P 03 03 d P- rt P rt d

& 03 μ- H rt H P- d P hd li li rt Φ • g P ¹ rt er Hi tr φ d φ P g α 03 cn er H φ rt O rt P μ- P- P hd Cd Φ Φ Φ N Hl PP • er

Φ rt rt Φ g p: P Φ P Φ P ≥s LP O rt ≥s P P> P- P- 03 P X d N

Hi HPH 3 rt Φ ö Φ d = φ φ PP φ Ir ¹ p- rt rt • P TI P- α Φ ii P rt φ φ P ¹ TI p- Dd 3 H er rt g Ω PN 03 Ω Φ P- tr tr PP P-

P Hi P- 01 P- p- g PP cn P- Φ NP d tr μ- d φ cn 03 P LP cn φ P "lP PO rt Φ hd tr co rt H £ P er co Φ 03 P ¹ Φ 3 d Φ P "er 03 Φ

Φ PP 01 ιP P ¹ - • Φ rt d Φ Ω Φ Φ P rt 03 d rt 01 H Φ φ

P * μ- Φ P- d: Φ Hi P H rt H ≤ ii Dd 3 P 03 P 03 -S p: φ cn N

P 03 dd Ω er P P- φ rt tr P- ¹ Φ Φ er P- Hi P 3 d ON iP 1 φ rt ti o tr •

P co tr Φ P P H φ P P P 01 P- P l-J o cn Φ Hi X d TI ti 03 Hl P Φ Cd

CO co rt er Φ Hl K l-i • rt Φ Φ Φ CL H P- P N μ- Φ d rt O μ- •

P. Φ P P <5 o 3 tr! -? μ- H P LP cn Φ φ H d P Φ g Φ P

P- P P- Φ PO co P- α P> rt P. rt 03 3 P- 03 H er Φ hd LP ti Φ 3 φ P. PHP Dd H LP et P- l- ¹ Ω Φ hd J? P- Φ rt P- rt -r ¹ rt Ω N P- P ¹ rt φ P p- φ Hl rt P rt rt N rt Φ rt KO Φ HP rt P- Ω tr Φ P

Dd rt O 01 Φ d Φ cn cn tr 01 Ω rt p- cn rt H <! P- P 03 rt ^w

P φ H P- P- HP ¹ φ N Φ P- w P Dd P- Hi t P- P l- ¹ P- O P- d rt Φ ^ω cn ti PX 01 P- ¹ rt rt Φ μ- H rt er Φ O Φ Hi φ P Φ Ω P Φ Ω P P-

P- P- Φ P- 01 tr Φ hd X P "Φ P- P rt H P H Φ P 03 tr tr P -"

01 φ H Φ rt P od φ Φ OP d Φ H φ to Ω rt TI dd φ cn d P Hl dd 01 PH φ HP Φ Ω dd Φ fi φ g Cd d P- Φ μ- PP rt g Hi P- N rt rt φ P- P P- d Hl cn PP ^J tr cn & P P- o co P LP ti P ti

P o φ Ω • p- φ ii rt Φ Ω Hi o er PP ^J P co Hi N er rt tr • iP d φ P- rt er P tr dd o H φ P- cn P Cd Hi Φ 03 Φ d H Φ Φ P- H Ω Hl μ-

• P

P- P- rt P Ω o rt co o -P 03 P P- PPP P- P ^J TI g tr o 03 P

OP ¹ tr Φ -S tr P Φ PH rt rt g LP P LP P Hi Hi PP ¹ P l- ¹ μ- 03

P Hl P φ d P Φ P cn P 'P P- P- o φ Φ d: Ω Hi d P- ¹ co d LP φ 03 d P "P- he P- d er Φ P Φ 3 er lJ P- er tr Φ P 3 P Φ ti dd P rt P Dd 01 P Φ PP μ- H φ 3 μ- 3 φ P- P Φ er H er 03 P- P- ιp P rt cn er cn Φ H cn φ LP 03 Φ d H d H- ¹ P- lJ φ PHP Φ LP φ rt P- Φ Φ co cn l P »rt P d: P tr P Hl rt Ω 3 HP Φ P- ti φ P ti rt TI PP 01 P- μ- P tr tr PP = LP d rt hd> tr P- rt NH P- ffi Φ H

PP d er Φ φ Φ 3 P Φ Φ P ¹ P Φ O d rt φ Φ p: φ Dd P- H «≥!

P rt P rt P dd rt h 3 P H P <! rt P er Cn Hl P rt P P rt P S! P d

Ω P- er μ. cn tr d O: o φ P rt μ- Φ φ Φ ϊi- ^j 03 Hl o Φ P rt tr o N <! tr to Φ o P P- rt P P- cn Φ Φ rt PH Cd> gp P- Φ H P- p: N

P Φ φ l-i H H LQ O Φ μ- P- H μ- rt rt P rt hd Hi 03 et 03 φ

P -> O P- • rt HP LP P-- φ gp: er O t hd 01 P 'P ¹ H cn P cn Φ Φ H

Φ g P ¹ <JP Φ 01 IM rt rt φ O rt IM PPOP μ- P rt Φ »Ö

P d Φ Φ P 3 co • d d w Φ H g tr s: H 03 P 03 cn P P H O er 5 LJ.

P ¹ H Ω P- o μ, jy PO P- g • μ- rt P- 03 03> φ Φ rt cn Φ fy φ iP o er P g P cn Φ Ω dd er P "hd P 03 rt rt rt P ¹ P- TI P- P Ω 3 φ d: Cd P- 01 O P. P- <H «ESI P P- Hi tr l P- g P (V) tr PO d rt d KP o er co P rt er rt Φ φ Φ 03 P "d Φ P- OO rt 03 PPP P- rt P

1 Φ 1 P- P- P- ti P P μ- μ- 1 P d: 1 φ P 1 μ- rt Ω er O N P

HP "P- o 1 P rt 03 er 1 HO tr 1 P et φ 1 φ P 1 1 1 1 P

co co IO t P ¹

C o cn o Cπ O Cπ

03 X - = 3 03 er ö TI φ P 03> g P -3 d Cd Cd Hi to P rt 03 3 er H P N g> LP Dd LP

O φ Φ Φ O o φ Cd 03 φ Ω P ¹ Φ φ φ PPP d X P- Φ rt μ- Φ P d X o φ cn ti

P ti P- P H 3 P Cd P tr 03 fco d P- P 01 cn P φ Φ P- ti rt H Hl Φ tr 03 ti to P

PP rt PP * or 1 er o 03 rt 01 μ- P- er o H d rt Φ LP Ω P- P- • Hi φ Φ Φ Φ φ P ¹ tr g P _^ - _^ P 03 P- P- φ tr 03 01 LP e TI d er Ω ti P- Φ er P ¹ z rt P- ti PH rt Hl φ P o P s: o Lp LP μ- 03 03 Φ pd P rt Pd PP er Hl φ σ 03

P _^ tr μ- rt ti PP P- <l PP Φ NP rt rt H p: P -P do -P φ P Φ d p- g P- Ω

P- X P rt φ φ o Φ P d 01 P P p: EP er ti d 3 d P- P rt hd φ P "

XP μ- μ- Φ X Φ ti P tNI Φ μ- rt rt rt P- 03 tr er P rt P er φ P ¹ 03 Φ φ PH Φ P p: P μ- N tr P 03 d P- Ω μ- P- LP Ω PP Φ iP ≤ Φ> P ti Φ P

P 03 tr PH ti φ P • PP o P tr OOP φ tr PP φ X Φ Φ d μ- 03 P rt Cd Φ d Cd PP 3 P et PPP ¹ ti PP Ω p- P P- μ- P ti er σ α ιP P Φ d Φ P-- • P rt O: P- P - • φ 01 X P- tr Φ φ rt ti er p: <Φ PP φ P- P ü N 03 tr Φ Φ LP PP p- P 03 φ rt P er H Φ P- rt rt P Ü rt rt

H P cn 03 • P cn P 03 P- d φ Ω o P P- rt P Φ μ. ti P- 03 H 3 Φ φ

03 P ^ rt dd g p- Ω Φ P- P ti tr NX d cn 03 er μ- Q g Φ <μ- P- PP tr P 3 03 • φ P- W 03 rt Ω LP d P- Ω φ rt Φ P Φ φ P Φ PP rt p: LJ. 03 Q ^J EP Ω Ω tr P- μ- Φ φ tr Φ P- Φ P 03 d P rt z cd d Φ o. -. Tr 03 tr. -. Cn cn • er P tr μ- 03 P "3 03 dd Ω rt Φ φ

Hi X TI X μ- μ- II P- Φ ti PPP P- P ¹ P to 03 φ Φ tr Φ P ¹ HP ¹ p- d Hi p: P LP PP cn P- V φ P P- φ P Φ Φ tr Φ μ- P- H rt P-

LP μ- PO tr P Φ cn P P- 3 Φ ti P φ ti α 3 Φ μ- ιp 03 er 03 tr • Φ Φ er ti g P 3 * <P ι P- P ≤ 03 rt P Td P- o PP LP d: μ- er LP φ φ P ¹ PP ¹ P cn PN φ g N P- P- g rt 03 P P- PP Φ tr ιp o Φ P EP Ω Ω P φ rt φ ü φ d P φ o μ- Ω P ^J φ PPPP φ Φ 3 P 03 er hd tr PP P- μ- EP LP tr σ 3 tr φ M dd P P. ü 3 3 μ- Φ HH Φ PO rt P 1 Φ Φ N P- P "PPP φ rt rt d P- P LP P- Ω o 03 er Φ PP tr P- • H ¹ rt μ. P- X LP Ω Φ PH ti Ω P rt φ P 3 KPPP μ- Ω φ O: Dd Hi φ rt P φ tr H

P cn P- ti P P- cd P LP Ω tr P- H P. • d P N H - LP d:

LP 1 er Φ t-3. N [üj P d φ tr rt μ- P- P Φ 03 Φ ö er φ P P- to Cd II P ι-3 P 01 Φ P- 03 -P φ P er g P Φ Φ o Hi P Φ cn

P co et P Φ ö Ω et cn P- P. φ P p- Ω φ Φ LP d PP iP d: rt ti P- μ- P- Φ P- P 1 O P- 1 P rt Φ tr g 3 Φ 03 he Φ tr Φ 03

XP o H rt P go ι-3 03 Cd N hd 03 P "H φ ti rt N Φ PP ti P 03 μ- PPP 03 o 3 P α er 3 rt o Φ P- P EP dd p: Φ s; P - P- P rt P Φ rt

HP 03 he PP o σ Φ Ό. 01 3 rt P ¹ 1 Ω rt ti P φ P d PP

03 o d d: φ P Ω 1 03 Hl μ- N φ to tu N P z cn rt

• ^ P φ er tr cn o P ö rt g Φ φ g N cn φ M rt φ rt

03 cn t ^ P-

P i Φ φ Tf P * P P P μ- d cn P- 3 hd d H "P- Φ ti P rt • O

Ö P- rt ti P- p- P cn P -PP o 03 P- rt p- P ¹ LP o P - ¹ P d Ω P μ- Ω Φ P φ PP ¹ P rt Φ φ d P rt P o 03 et φ rt φ φ ö Φ cn K Φ

Φ tr 3 P P- LP o φ Φ ti P ti φ rt Ω iP P- o 03 P Φ P Ω P et rt P μ- φ rt 3 Φ Ω μ- ti P tr φ P H cn α tr P

Cd cn Φ φ φ Hi ^^ 01 P tr P φ P- - ^■ rt 03 P P- TI P- P p- P- OP 03 d Ω Φ φ er PP rt Φ σ P Φ d O Ω P μ. z iP P rt tr tr o! P 01 μ- φ P ^J rt P- Φ Φ ti P rt PP 3 P P-

Φ ti tr ¹ 03 P ^' - ti PP Φ et 01 μ- P tr PN 03 rt er cn rt 03 P φ

P LJ. φ Φ P ¹ P rt P φ ti X LJ- rt P 03 Φ φ φ rt o • to N Φ 03 H 03

03 Φ P P- o LP P ti X φ φ P 03 P ti P Φ Φ Hl P P- IM

Ω P- p ^j 03 rt φ X Φ φ PX φ Φ P- P μ. X σ μ- d: Hl P ¹ g • tr φ P- et 03 φ H Dd P φ Φ μ- d Hi Ω φ 3 φ Φ μ- rt ti Ω d φ o öd

P 3 03 d φ ti Ω P H P- P rt P- tr P- ti ti φ H Φ tr H tr •

Hi P- P μ- PW φ φ μ- N er L g P Φ 03 PP P- P g P- rt TI φ LP Φ P φ er rt Φ P- -P P- P Φ o Φ φ P P- po P ¹ Dd

Φ H ti P- Φ P Φ P- LP φ φ Φ ti P er P d 3 Ω Φ p μ- P- Hl cn

PP rt PP cn • P- XP φ μ- ti ti rt Φ P- • tr to φ Cd Φ φ φ d P ¹

3 Φ φ 3 o Φ PP rt Φ P rt Φ d PP ¹ α- P cn P> _*

Φ φ 1 P H 1 P 1 ti 1 1 1 03 φ P. er μ- φ 1

"^^ * P φ 1

1 ti 03

co co to to μ- ¹ μ>

Cπ o Cπ o Cπ o cπ

IM ¹

Φ φ

P- P rt

03 g

Ω φ tr EP

P "03

P- P- and LP

N P

Φ P

P φ

P d μ-

03 P cn φ N

P d iP

Φ Φ

P O

• ti

P

Cd P

P φ er rt

Φ Φ

P- P to cπ z N p- Φ

H μ-

P rt d

P P

P- he

Φ H μ-

Dd rt

P μ-

03 03

P- Ω

03 tr cn φ rt P

P rt g

P- Φ

O E

P 1 p-

P

Φ ti

o co to IP ¹

Cπ o Cπ o Cn O Cπ

thus at least from two different groups of time areas: ^firstly from at least a first time area for the transmission of time-critical data and secondly from at least a second time area for the transmission of the less time-critical data. In detail, the time slot SL12 from FIG. 3 is divided into four time sections or time sections SEI with SE4. The first time segment SEI of the time slot SL12 is pre-assigned for the transmission of user data DA1, so-called data symbols, which are particularly time-critical in the example here. Then so-called midambles are transmitted in the second, subsequent period or block SE2. These are, in particular, signals for the channel estimation and / or synchronization of the respective subscriber device and / or the respective base station. Based on these channel estimation parameters, channel equalization is preferably carried out in the respective mobile radio device and / or the respective base station. This time block SE2 is followed by the time segment SE3 for the transmission of the less time-critical user data DA2 *. The fact that the midambles for the channel estimation between the two blocks are transmitted with the user data or user signals DA1, DA2 * largely ensures that the respective radio channel can be optimally equalized over time. Finally, no signal transmission takes place during the fourth, last time period SE4 of the time slot SL12, ie this so-called guard period is not assigned in order to provide a security time gap between the individual time slots transmitted one after the other. As a result, in particular disruptive signal overlays or successive slots in interference due to signal timing differences, such as in the case of multipath propagation, are largely avoided, so that correct signal detection is largely ensured. Considered overall, the radio transmission of a so-called burst (data bundle) can thus take place with a predetermined time division or sectioning during the respective time slot. Detailed information on the time frame and time slot structure can be found in the respective co o to I μ>

Cπ o Cπ σ Cπ o Cπ

φ 03 er P Φ P rt 03 H cn rt he to H o rt rt <! rt tr N rt iP P Cd co rt _ P P- g μ- Φ PP μ- μ- φ P- tp: et Φ μ- dp: P d Φ Φ Φ Φ P- d P- Φ φ φ P ι- 3 • μ- ι-3 φ 3 o

PH Ω P φ P cn ^' P- rt Φ 3 _^ μ ^> 03 rt 03 03 i Ü PP iP cn iP ti PP Cd rt o cd P ¹ tr

Φ er rt tr P 03 3 o tr Hi P 03 er P ¹ rt 3 <1 03 Φ Ω φ μ- d U • P ö 03 ö P- ti Φ φ tr t φ rt Φ rt d Φ PP P- Φ μ - o tr P <! LP ti o P ^• - g P ^J

P P i φ P P 3 cn P 3 X 03 cn X P φ ti Ω ti Φ d: O H Ω 5 P t-3 Hl

<Dd ti P μ- rt PO: d O er Φ φ rt rt Φ Ω PP ¹ tr α P σ ti μ- tr * ^» . -. P cn d φ co P rt rt g P- p- LP LP 03 P P- P- d ti tr Φ d et P φ P Ω to 03 P 1 P ti 03 Φ φ P o O <l P "P φ> Hl rt 3 PPP 03 P- φ Cd ti Φ tr <! O Ti <er

H o P- PP er P P- P- • P 03 P LP LP Φ et • t μ- rt P LP P- φ o φ φ 3 cn 03 μ- rt cn dd rt d p- 03 Ω P rt 03 Φ d P er Φ Ω rt P φ XPH o Ω ti P rt rt

P cn P 03 Φ P "P- tr PP Φ 03 tr P α • Φ σ tr m φ φ er p: 03 03 1 P- 01 * b PP iP 03 et 03 • ö ti Hl P oo PP 3 Φ Φ LP Φ ti Φ O μ- PP Φ tr 01 μ- o Hi p- Ό PP φ p P μ- H d P- P rt 01 rt PP Cn ö 3 PPPP ü O co P- O μ- P

H 3 et 03 Φ φ P φ Φ ö P P P P P- P Φ Φ P. er H Φ Φ P P Ω P P P P d rt p- 03 Ω μ- er P P hd ^ Φ TI P- rt ti ti N φ P P P iP ti H

PO rt tr P LP P d Φ ti f- ^{1 (} -3 er φ cn dd rt P- co co rt p- φ Φ φ • Ö PP ti P> P- O t Z • z 01 P o P P.

LP P P Φ O O ω Φ Hl rt to LP • Ω μ. • o

Ω Φ rt P 03 ti ti P er Ω rt Hl LJ. er Ω P φ rt P μ- P ^< φ P Φ to O r Hl LP

P tr P P- P p: Φ d P .--- ti P- φ P tr P O: P ti ≥; P- μ- Φ 3. ι-3 P • Φ tr φ Φ O Φ cn rt> Φ rt P H X Φ LP Z H P P P Ω rt ti Φ o co o rt 3 μ-

H P- PH 03 d N 3 P- P Ω P- φ rt er φ d P "Ω tr 03 LJ. P- O ti P Φ et PO Hi d O μ- tr Φ P-! M t- ^> PPP er Φ tr Φ Ω Φ P .-—. To Hi - _^ P Ω ti to er S! Rt N Φ NP <-} rt P μ- Φ Φ φ P- LP P P- ti P tr P to cπ to P tr

Φ Φ P <φ 03 d P d er α Φ Φ rt P- cn μ- ti LP Φ ^• σ P P- H ¹ μ- P o • - ^■ oo rt μ-

P "HP o μ- LP rt Φ Φ 03 ti rt • LP er φ PP Φ Ω co μ- ιP do to O o Ό. 3 rt iP ti 03 03 φ tr ti 03 P Φ cn rt rt g ti N tr φ rt Φ 03 o to Ω oo. -

1 ti ti N φ p: o P φ rt H P 03 N H Φ er μ- <! rt P- N P LP 1. £ - ■ P 1 ti N 'S

«P Φ d 3 ti P" P P- <P ¹ P- do P. EP IM Φ rt Φ Φ rt 03 φ o rt o rt • d

P LP P LP d rt P- rt P ¹ 3 d p- P et μ- 03 Φ P- p: HP Hi rt to P ω 2 P- co Cd 03 to

• b 3 Hi Ω g P rt N Φ μ- P- rt er 01 Φ ti Φ - ^• ö 00 d N 03 PP ¹ P 03 P- ti O ^• - Ω • Hl

P P Φ X rt P- φ 1 03 φ Φ Φ o o LP rt P Φ Φ μ- P d μ-: • tr P tr d--

N iP P φ Φ Ω rt TI P- P P 03 tr 03 er P TI P er Φ P 03 L 01 er rt Ω - - • <P co tr

P- φ O- μ- H tr d φ • rt P- o P P- d P ti ti 01 P rt rt Hi ^ r 03 03 o P Ω ti rt P φ cn tr Φ P- P ti tr rt P * 3 - ^■ CD PP "P- Φ Φ P Φ d φ rt P- Φ Ω P dp: • P φ H 03 er φ g P Ω Φ P- P- 03 ^ Φ rt et H ti P ¹ ti ti P Ω ti φ 1-3 P et μ- et rt NP 3 (- ^■ cn rt ω Φ d: P- tr ti rt £ P 03 PP <ι-3 μ- cn LP

Cd TI 3 Ω tr "« _* Φ -> rt ι-3 P- ti er N 03 Φ φ φ er d rt P P- cn 03 CQ

Hi P- d μ- tr Φ - "P cn 03 Φ P- Φ Φ Φ Ω H μ- Φ Φ tr Φ 03 Ω to er d: Φ PP rt ti IM 03 P- O Ό P ^J P ti IM H P- tr rt Ω to ti P- Φ ti P "Φ to o Cπ Φ tr 03 er p. rt X Φ et φ ti Φ Φ 03 φ d et et Φ H tr φ rt PH LJ. P 03 cπ P • μ-

H N Φ 3 H φ φ 03 rt N o tr P 03 ti <J P P rt 01 ti φ rt er φ << • rt to 03

Φ er Φ 03 μ- P Ω P- P- O Φ P p: P Φ iP • 03 P H ti N X φ P- co O to T

PP 1- "rt P LP e Φ P ¹ P- Φ Hi 3 03 Φ rt LP ti Cd do LP PX φ ti P o P> μ-

P Φ P- d 3 03 rt 3 p- P- 3 o P N d 03 P P Ü d d X -P p- cπ • Ö φ

P Φ P Φ P p: PN d P rt P Ω rt LP Φ ti P Φ Φ • tr -ä P ¹

P- P 03 03 LP EP LJ. ö Φ P- P P t-3 P- LP tr Φ P Ω LP P P INI P- ti t-3 ^> * ö

• P rt φ P- Φ P- g 03 Φ μ- Φ φ Ω 03 OP z P Φ P- Φ LP o 5d 01 03 tr P- tr P ^J P- N φ P LP X φ ι-3 ti Ω H P- tr er tr φ o P d iP X μ- Φ Ω pd rt p- • <P

• P "3 z P φ φ LJ. Cn g rt P Φ P ^J Φ P φ er P- Ω P ti Φ φ rt φ rt. P Ω 03 cn

Φ φ 03 P- ti P- φ 1 o • rt PP Ό PO: rt rt d 01 ti ti P g P- _> LP P P- tr

P ti N μ- 3 s: P ¹ P t-3 er P- tr φ PP ιP 03 ^• ö P er Φ d • »Φ 1— ^■ Ω φ μ- P Φ φ φ 03 P- α P- Cd O Φ tr 'hd IM d: P Φ 03 PHN Φ 01 cn ti P 03

Φ P- P- er μ- α P- LP α PP P- po μ- er Φ tr μ- d 0 Φ P Ω 03 φ to Ω P ¹ o

P rt Φ P o 03 N φ 1 Hl er 3 Φ 03 rt Φ P Φ P rt ti P- tr 03 03 Φ tr P et LP P "P φ X φ d g d Φ cn ti P- p: H P

P a N LP rt P P- ti Hl P Ω P σ cn p- P Cd o P P- • <: g LP rt rt 3 01 P d H ¹ er μ- LP 01 d P tr φ

Φ Ω Ω er P * Hi O P P er cn o Φ P- P- d Cd P P- ti μ- rt P P- P P P H

HN tr tr Φ P- d- ti 1 φ iP er 1 1 1 1 d rt p: P LP Ω P- Φ rt P o Ω Φ P Φ 1 d 1 1 P ti 1 Φ Φ P 1 1 1 tr 1 Φ P ¹ P 1 - ^> 1 er 1 1 α 03

co co to ro P ¹ rt

Cn o Cπ o cπ o cπ

P TI <! P Ω P- P er tr 03 g 03 03 tr <! 03 _Λ co P- hd g Cd rt d er 03 N d P Sl PP rt rt

P d OP ¹ tr 01 P- Φ Φ P- o Ω P- P- φ J ----- • PO o • ö d Φ P Hl Φ P- d P Φ φ d P d ti H

03 P H cn Φ rt Hi Hi P LP P tr rt 03 P Φ ti μ> P 01 P 1 ti P ti rt P iP P ti μ. cn 01 ti P P

Ω N ti. Hl P- PP φ ti μ- tr N φ • φ P- P- Ω Φ ti P 03 03 rt 01 Ω LP -P g rt d cn Φ P Ω P - μ- O Φ rt P- o ti rt d tr ι-3 d -PPX ≥; 03 Φ tr ddo P- LP Ω to <! ti P tr P ¹ rt P ti P- Hl φ tr P- <! P α od Ω Hl φ oo P • ö PP er O 03 tr Φ o Φ Φ er φ 3 rt cn 3 P- PPO o P to Cd s: φ tr d P- P LP P er ti Φ iP LP μ- PXP P- HP rt PP μ- ω tr P Φ N 03 cn P ti d 1 PP rt H 01 1 φ P LP O P- 03 p ^j φ p- rt NN ti 03 et Φ d P- φ rt er 03 IM Cd s: g Ω Φ φ P P. φ PPP ¹

Hi . - P- rt P d 03 et P- 03 φ 03 HP Φ P er do Φ o P- • <rt P Φ P d cn TI Φ Φ φ d hd cn rt P- LP d P- Φ tr rt P ¹ rt μ. ti LΌ LP <Φ LP z μ. PP P- P- PPH rt ti ti P-

P Ω φ td Hl 01 P Ω P ti μ- H- Hi rt CD Φ o 03 01 P 01 φ er PN φ PMP Ω Φ P Φ 03 er TI d Hi X P. tr Φ P φ 3 Hi ti rt ZP ¹ d P- X 1 rt tr 3 Hl g rt

LP 3 P Φ φ to ti μ- 3 Φ to P- φ p- P z P <i φ et Cd P3 Φ φ Hi Φ d

Φ P- he H P- P P- Φ φ <d TI ti dj 3 P- PL μ- d P- μ- er o P- P Φ rt P- EP P ti P- rt rt Φ 01 φ P Φ o P α Φ • co Hl <, 3 01 er ti Hl 03 Φ s: 3 ti φ N 03 LP p: P rt P φ P tr μ- to P LP Cd PP Ω d ι-3 d φ 1 <i P. P- g HP φ tϋ ti X μ- P- P- rt P Φ 01 N Φ Φ LP φ 1 Ω • hd P cn P! Λ odoo rt P ¹ Φ φ Φ P Φ iQ P- φ P "O Φ P . P- • Φ μ- ö P g Φ hd Ω iP d: P- PPPP α ti P-. P μ- ti PP 3 μ- H 01 P ¹ P d & P rt gd OP (-3 rt P tr Ω d rt μ- PP ≥! Ω 03 rt P

3 tr Ω ti 01 P Cd φ P ι-3 03 PO P- cn μ- d Φ Φ tr co ti Φ P LP er pd 1 tr Φ o Φ P ¹ TI

P Φ tr φ Ω rt d φ P μ. cn 03 Φ Hi φ Ω O ti p- ti rt φ ti d <jd 1 ι-3 ι-3 φ PP ¹ φ d

PP ^J P- Φ ti tr P Hl ti Hi Ω 1 P Ω P d μ- Φ 03 • 0 o P Jö - - P- P Ω o P

M er P ti LP P g Hi cn tr Ό P 03 Ö P tr φ O P rt μ- Ω H LP P- 3 er tr Φ 03 er

P ^< Φ P- g P Φ Φ φ • Ü - ^■ HH og Hi cn ti P 03 P tr φ LP Ω cn φ P Φ 01 P- P

LP PH u er φ P- d 03 H Φ P- P ti LP 2] es rt • Ω Φ P- Φ d = tr Φ PPH 03 P Φ φ Φ et 01 PP Hl 03 φ N Φ er P- φ 1 03 tr N tr tr Φ - 03 er rt ti _^ -. PPO he rt

3 H 01% 01 φ φ Φ 03 P P- EP rt <P s; Ό ti do Cd φ Φ Φ d <! tϋ 03 gd Φ N φ O Φ 01 d ti ti P et N Hi P * P- PP Ω Φ Φ LP P- μ- μ- φ tr ti P μ- H 03 Φ ti P μ- ≥; LP H P- P rt P Φ P- P- er P * P to Ω PP ¹ o Φ rt P P- ti Φ LP Ω - 'cd 03 Ω -_. to

P Φ Φ tr Ω LP tr td tr rt P N Ω P 1 P P- o P N N Ω Hl P P φ Φ P- 03 φ φ rt P Φ tr Φ P μ- μ.

3 tr tr P- rt Hι N er P t-3 φ Φ er o • • P- P 03 cn μ- Φ 1 P 33 ti

P IM P P- P "μ. O er φ P. Φ to μ- d P Φ P Φ - ^■ φ d φ P cn 01 <! D P

PP P- o P Φ rt P Φ H cn Φ P ¹ o Ω P ¹ Φ P- PP LP er ti P ti φ P * Φ P

03 PP Φ P Φ ti 03 μ- rt P- φ O o P er P- φ Φ rt Φ P ⁱ Ω d <! o ti 03 P φ Hi rt ti P er od 3 LP g t-3 o rt θ: 03 Ω PH TI μ- d tr Hl P- φ p: rt rt Ω dt H Φ cd N Φ ti P 03 P Φ Td α μ- P p- o φ Hl --3 ti 3 Hl LP Ω P 03 Φ tr ti ü PP μ- Φ X dd rt P Cd P- P rt φ p 3 OP Φ P- ö ^* o ti Φ H- rt Φ P Φ rt 01 3 P- Φ Ω

03 φ X φ P ^ 3 P tr ti φ P φ H φ 3 P "p: Λ φ 03 03 Hl μ- 03 03 et O: P- P tr

- et hd 01 P P- 03 Φ P- ti P ^* Φ o P- 1 tr P φ cn φ LP LP do Ω d φ Ό LP d 03 φ HO Φ er P- P P- Φ Hi P o Pl o P ti rt Φ Φ CJ iP tr tr. -. ti 01 PX

P- d 01 rt o 03 P- P ti P Φ P, hd Φ Hl 01 P LP ti P tr Φ P ti Φ Cd Φ P- P- LP Φ μ. rt er P- Cd Φ P 03 φ Φ P Cd Cd ti P- φ φ Z φ Hi N Φ P P- rt μ- Ω Ω Ω Ω H φ rt rt φ Φ rt 03 dd L P- P- P Φ P - PP rt φ P- ti φ ti P rt P tr tr tr tr P. rt s: d P- 01 ti PPP φ φ <! o 1 o P- ti ti P Φ P rt P rt s: IM rt Φ 03 P IM φ HO rt d rt dg cn N cn φ zg rt Ω g Φ P Φ Λ • ti P 03 P- φ NP P- rt Hi P- d

LP • P p- Hl 3 P- ti o μ- X Φ P- ti ti Φ Ω P P- o P Φ d P rt rt ti H Φ P- P d 03 03

1 3 Φ Φ O Ω tr 03 p- P - ^> H rt cn rt P tr PP t-3 Φ Dd LP Φ Φ P- P P- Φ 0 ti rt p:

<! σ Ω SP tr P tr P- 03 03 g φ P- tr 1 P- P- rt ti P Φ d PH _* φ et J tr rt o PP d et ti Φ rt Ω Φ α PP oo ι-3 P- • tr φ N P- PP ¹ PP <o PN Φ IM

PP ^J P tr Φ PP Hi P tr et Φ P er P g P cn Hl Φ P 3 LP TI φ Dd P Φ ti Φ d 03 P ¹

03 Ω LP P ti P- d et φ tr H Φ ^• - ^• Φ Φ to dg P- P <Cd Φ cn X ti rt P-

P P- d Φ er Φ P p- P o rt • rt 01 Cπ P 3 d Φ 03 P- σ P P- φ rt Φ Cd cn P- Ω φ Ω H Φ rt P Φ 03 er o p. rt. -. tr Φ _* er tr P ti OP 1 P ¹ o P Φ μ. PO Φ tr

P tr PH 01 03 Φ LP P g Φ d N α oo H co LP Φ Φ LP s: LP g ö rt μ- rt H 03 φ rt Hl O 01 rt Φ Φ Hl d P- tr P <! o Φ P- P- Φ Φ o LP ^ cn d P ¹ tr Φ -P tr

Dd P P- o H O P- tsi ti φ 03. -. et H Φ 03 Φ P- cπ ti P r P P P P Ό φ ι-3 P d P P Φ P e O

PO rt P- ¹ 3 φ p: μ- cn TI 1 03 Φ P Ω p: Φ Φ φ PP 1 Φ 3 cn <iP P Hl <i P i- ¹ l er

Φ PP 1 3 P- et P 1 ö hd Φ ti Φ <rt PH φ P φ O - LP rt Φ " _* • er Φ

H 1 rt et rt 03 φ Cd O 1 01 01 rt P P- H Φ ti ^* * ti 1 ti 1 1 • 1 P 1 ti 1 1

co co tt P> P ¹ π o Cn σ cπ o Cπ er rt NP ¹ 03 P- LP cn P ti Hi g PP P- 03 Cd o Ω X l_l- P Hi

H t g M Hl N 03 03 g -P P 03

Φ φ P- r Φ Φ Ω Φ Φ 0 O: P μ- P- P od φ H ti H φ Φ φ 0 3 3 P d rt rt o φ p- P- ti P Ω Φ ti P tr 03 PH LP P φ Ω H ti ti φ rt d HXPH 13 P Φ P P- P Ω 03 rt PP tr Φ rt • P "φ 03 tr LP Ω <P Φ Ό P Φ PP Hi LP Φ rt Φ φ tr cn ti Φ φ cn tr Φ P μ. ti φ Φ rt tr P- P ¹ P Ό Φ P- or P φ Ü P- P rt rt

P P P p. φ μ- Φ d P α P- Ω φ Hi P Ω φ P P "Ω P- P P P 3 rt O 01 P

LP P Φ LP μ- P 03 d φ tr P IM 0 Φ Φ Φ rt <P P- tr Φ iP O: ^ P o dd P- rt d Φ NH z PP ti cn er φ H 3 P μ- 03 P - OP lP P- 03 d LP LP P Φ P-

P P Φ φ P P- N Ω φ Φ t μ- P P 3 P <! p- IM et P- ^ - P μ er φ 01 rt O

LP μ- TI P- P ¹ φ z X tr P P- Φ rt PP 03 Φ. -. Φ O φ N d tr φ P P- 3 d P P- Φ P

Φ Cd rt I- ¹ rt p- ti φ φ rt P- d p- 1 03 P CO P d LP Φ Hl Ω ti P 01 er Φ

PP Φ ιp cn P μ- P cn rt P Φ rt φ O 03 φ INI P ¹ H <l 0 P tr φ NP 01 rt P rt P- X Φ p- g P- φ μ- H ¹ Φ Ό er Φ φ Hi P φ ti ö φ o Φ rt o ti μ- Φ cn NP rt P-

03 Φ Ω P- tr Φ φ LP ti φ O ti d ti et P 03 Hi ti <! P P- ü P- ti H φ P Φ rt P φ er

P- P tr er Φ ti 03 φ 03 rt LP P H- er μ- ti <P- rt rt rt Ω P LP P. P- Φ rt ti Φ

P Φ P- P d 01 H <φ P- er rt Φ Hl td N Φ P- Ω Φ 03 Φ tr LP φ μ- P φ rt P- tr P

P- 03 P P 01 φ tr rt μ. ti ti ti μ- P Ω Φ P Ω P d LP φ o cn P P- P- OPP μ- P- iP μ- tM ti NP rt 03 rt P o Φ Φ 03 rt tr P g P φ rt P- ιP PP ti Ω

<1 P to rt LP 03 -P Φ 03 d P <! Ω ti 3 P 03 ι; H Φ Φ LP er hd X LP g tr o P dp: Φ PP P- Ω rt LP φ tr P Φ TI rt rt - - ^• d Ό P- P 03 Φ o Φ PO 01 Φ 0 er

P o rt ti d P rt tr Φ P H ιp ti φ P- - - P Φ rt 03 <! P 03 P P tr p: tr P- P

X ti P- Hl P ^J er μ- μ- P P- cn 03 d P 3 N rt PNH ^ 03 O Φ μ- P μ- 3 V φ P n

P. φ PPP ≤ d ti Φ d φ Ω P- PP 3 -xi φ • φ Φ φ P- P rt μ- Φ rt Φ ti rt φ μ- P Φ iP P tr P- P d 03 tr P LP IV φ φ dd ti IM P- LP INI μ- ιp Hl P "ti P- 01 Φ

P rt d ti P Φ rt φ PN et o P. 03 cn • 03 d IM P ¹ P 3 Φ o Φ er d P- P- φ P- ti

LP P iP P- ti P- P LP d er tr P P>. -. 03 φ Ω PXPP d P- PP Φ P Ω o Ω φ t ^"1 φ LP 5ö Φ et 03 φ 03 Φ Φ φ - - o OH co tr Φ φ φ rt rt 03 P er tr P er INI

Ω tr Φ tr £ ti Ω ti P. Ω ti P ^ ti P d <tf P- o Ω rt φ N 03 tr g PP Φ 01 rt <i φ cn φ <1 ω P er P tr φ tr rt P φ φ ti P- ti Φ ti 3 Ω Φ φ Ω Φ o

1 P o cn Φp Φ Cd ti P ti X P ≥! P- ti Ω Ω r 3 0

P P P- 3 φ Hi P- tr cn 03 tr ti d φ X P t! co

<PPO rt H d P l- ¹ P Φ PP φ Φ Ω φ P p: ti 0 LP P "rt 03 er p: er P- φ φ ° φ d Φ P cn rt 03 rt LP H P3 φ φ P 03 tr P φ CP LP ti P P- μ- d P rt Φ P ti P- P ti <! to ti PP LP P- Φ P ¹ Φ d P- PPP <! - φ>. rt P- Φ P rt 3 P ti Φ ti LP P- φ

Hi φ φ Ω • P- LP P o PP Φ φ cn rt φ - '• iP ti P l- ¹ N 3 LP rt P rt φ Φ P

* »He

P ti P- φ φ PP rt et iP P ti φ cn 03 ti ----- ^ N φ p: μ- φ 03 d φ Φ ti Hi P Φ tr 3 rt P Cd d P 3 03 φ ti Ό rt NO Φ <! ti et φ P et PP ti P- P 0 _* 01 Hl ti μ- 03 <! P- LJ. Hl P <P <O ti Φ • P P- o X 03 ti LP P iP tr rt μ-

Φ Φ Ω φ P Φ Φ Φ Hl H o X P- rt Φ P- Dd Φ rt ti φ hd P d _^ -. dd d ti Cd p: P

P P tr ti 03 z P P 0 03 P o et Ω o. ti er N p- 0 O d er <to P P- P rt Φ H P

Φ H rt Ω φ P- ti o P er Φ P tr d ti d 03 er 03 rt rt o φ 03 tr iP 01 er φ. P P- φ tr p- φ X cn d Φ 03 P- Φ P hd N P- LP Φ Φ μ- IM d H P- P- ti φ tr Φ rt

• rt μ- ü P ¹ φ P P- p- H ti er P LP P Φ rt 03 ti rt Φ ti N rt 03 Φ P er P ti

ONP ^J p: μ- co ti p: P- P LP Ω rt ti rt P er P- p- XN rt P- P d P 03 ti Φ - <φ

Ω to φ d P iP φ P 3 φ P "P tr ti Φ X Φ rt 03 Φ X ti O 3 P P- rt P- μ. Er P 03

P Φ PP er φ Φ φ PP o P P- rt d Ω μ- φ PPNO: Φ H) P <J 3 μ- rt μ- LP d HP μ- JP> 03 LP Φ P Φ ti 0 P tr 03 P - LP 03 d LP rt Hi rt φ PX o P

P- rt NP tr ¹ tr Ω tr 03 φ μ- d ti φ P er er Φ Φ Φ tr P ^J 3 Φ P- ti Cd Φ φ P-

O er d iP d P P tr φ P Ω P <! ü Φ ti <l P Φ er P- Φ ü O 03 o ti ti LP

P ti P Φ Hl d μ- ti O tr LP μ. P ti P- tö X φ 03 O: Ω P Φ P o XPPP μ- P- P rt P Φ N rt rt P- Φ P $ P rt rt ι-3 φ ti N rt P tr • P Φ ti ti LJ , φ P Φ cn et φ tr cn N Φ ti 03 3 PP ti d Hl Hl ti P- 1 H 03 d P- P 03 IM P LP Φ PP ¹ ti

Φ μ- P • tr Ω P- μ- PP d et 03 o 0 P 03 CO P Ω 3 Φ rt Φ d P- P- φ φ ti 03 P- tr rt d rt LP Φ Cd P Hl 03 ti ti iP Ω φ Φ tr P

<J Ω N P P P p: 03 er d P- o P P- Ω P d tr P μ. rt P P N P P φ P- P ti O: d O d iP er 3

P- tr d Φ 03 μ- rt X ti P P s; Φ 03 tr Φ LP P φ <l Φ P P d • Ö P 03 Cd P. cn

Ω Φ ti P- rt μ- μ- LP N P α P- rt ti φ LP P- N P P LP P rt Φ Φ N Φ P TI φ μ-

Φ d Ω rt d ti rt d μ- P • P- d 1 * - ≥! Ω X Φ φ P- 03 3 φ P- 01 α ti -P

01 et er φ tr 1 P er μ- 3 Hl P- Φ Φ φ P. tϋ Φ φ P P P 3 Ό P- P P- Cd P

- - 1 Φ P- rt P- d 1 μ- 0 PP Cd P iP P3 cn μ- φ ^ Φ P 1 1 03 1 φ P ti P 1 PP tr er P 1 φ 1 P 03 P ¹ Φ 1 P- 1 1 1 1 1 P 1 φ

co o I to P ¹ P ¹

Cn o Cn o Cπ o cn cn rt

P rt rt

Hi

P-

P

P

Φ rt

•

All of the exemplary embodiments presented can be used in an analogous manner if non-time-critical data and / or message signals are only transmitted in the subsection of a time slot. A subsection can then be used for the transmission of at least one location measurement signal.

Claims

claims

1. Method for determining the position of at least one subscriber device (MPl) of a radio communication system (MCS), which has a multiplicity of base stations (BSl with BS3) for division into assigned radio cells (ZU with ZI3), and in which message signals via at least one predefined air interface between the respective subscriber device (MPl) and at least one of the base stations (BSl) are transmitted in the time-division multiplex method, with this time-division multiplex method for subscriber separation the message signals being distributed over a large number of successive time slots (SL11 with SL25), at least one of these time slots ( SL12) is partially or completely pre-assigned for the transmission of time-uncritical data, at least one time-uncritical time slot (SL12) wholly or partly for sending and / or receiving at least one measurement signal (LCSl) on the transmission path between the respective subscriber device (MP) to be located l) and at least one base station (BSl), which is adjacent to the location radio cell (CE3) of the subscriber device (MPl), and the running time (Δtl) of this measurement signal (LC1) for its path between the respective base station (BSl ) and the subscriber device (MPl) to be located in each case is determined and made available for evaluation.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in each case at least one measurement signal (LCSl, LCS2) is sent to the subscriber device (MPl) to be located in each case by at least two base stations (BSl, BS2), which are the residence radio cell (CE3) of the subscriber device (MPl) are adjacent.

3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the message transmission is interrupted during a predetermined dead time during the measuring signal transmission for the base station (BS) which is associated with the stay radio cell (CE3) of Teilnehmerge ^¬ Raets (MPL).

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, that the radio communication system is operated in UMTS-TTD mode.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base stations (BSl, BS2), which are adjacent to the base station (BS3) in the location radio cell (CE3) of the subscriber device (MPl) to be located, the base station ( BS3) in the residence radio cell (CE3), and / or the subscriber device (MPl) to be located in each case can be synchronized with one another.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, that a mobile device, in particular a cell phone, is used as the subscriber device.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the time shift criterion of the respective measurement signal (LCSl) is its time shift (Δtl) compared to the time slot of the predetermined time slot sequence in the air interface of the respective subscriber device to be located (MPl).

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective subscriber device (MPl) with respect to the time grid of its time slot sequence by the in its Auf- contains radio cell (CE3) associated base station (BS3) is synchronized.

9. Device for determining the position of at least one subscriber device of a radio communication system, in which the method is carried out according to one of the preceding claims.