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WO2001087595A1 - Procede, systeme et produit de stratification d'un substrat rigide - Google Patents

Procede, systeme et produit de stratification d'un substrat rigide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001087595A1
WO2001087595A1 PCT/US2001/013049 US0113049W WO0187595A1 WO 2001087595 A1 WO2001087595 A1 WO 2001087595A1 US 0113049 W US0113049 W US 0113049W WO 0187595 A1 WO0187595 A1 WO 0187595A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
adhesive
substrate
rigid
rigid substrate
chuck
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/013049
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kent W. Morris
Kenneth A. Aho
Original Assignee
3M Innovative Properties Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 3M Innovative Properties Company filed Critical 3M Innovative Properties Company
Priority to AU2001257165A priority Critical patent/AU2001257165A1/en
Publication of WO2001087595A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001087595A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/18—Handling of layers or the laminate
    • B32B38/1866—Handling of layers or the laminate conforming the layers or laminate to a convex or concave profile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C63/0047—Preventing air-inclusions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10706—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer being photo-polymerized
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10733—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing epoxy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10889—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor shaping the sheets, e.g. by using a mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10908—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin in liquid form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10972—Degassing during the lamination
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10981—Pre-treatment of the layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
    • B32B37/1284—Application of adhesive
    • B32B37/1292—Application of adhesive selectively, e.g. in stripes, in patterns
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133502—Antiglare, refractive index matching layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/38—Anti-reflection arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/56—Substrates having a particular shape, e.g. non-rectangular
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
    • G02F2202/09—Materials and properties inorganic glass

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to processes for laminating rigid substrates, systems for laminating rigid substrates, adhesives for laminating rigid substrates, and products laminated using the processes and systems of the invention.
  • the present invention includes processes and systems for laminating two or more rigid substrates to one another.
  • Cathode ray tubes are specialized vacuum tubes which produce images by striking a phosphorescent surface with electron beams.
  • CRTs are commonly used in television sets, computer monitors, and other displays.
  • Typical CRTs include at least one electron gun, a glass tube, and a glass screen or display. The interior surface of the screen contains phosphors, and the electron gun generates beams of electrons that strike the phosphors and produce visible spots of light.
  • CRTs have been in use for decades, and the screens (that portion exposed to viewers) of traditional CRTs have a slightly convex exterior surface. This convex exterior surface has been necessary in part to maintain the strength of the screen, but results in undesirable distortion of the image.
  • technological advances in CRT design and manufacturing have permitted the creation of CRTs that have flat or nearly flat screens. These flat CRTs create less image distortion than previous curved CRTs, and result in an improved display.
  • the tube and screen of CRTs are manufactured from glass.
  • the various properties of glass, including temperature stability, light transmission, scratch resistance, durability, and electrical resistance make it an excellent CRT material.
  • the glass used in most CRTs is relatively reflective. This reflectiveness can result in distracting and annoying reflections in the CRT display. Therefore it is desirable to improve on CRT displays by providing a surface on the CRT display that reduces reflection.
  • One approach to providing a low reflective CRT screen is to position a transparent after-market anti-reflective surface in front of the screen.
  • These anti-reflective surfaces, such as antireflective filters sold by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M) of St. Paul, Minnesota can be very useful at reducing reflection, and are particularly effective because they permit retrofitting and improvement of millions of existing CRTs.
  • anti-reflective after-market products are well suited for many purposes, it would also be desirable to secure during manufacture an anti-reflective material directly to the front surface of the CRT or other flat glass display, such as plasma displays. This would permit the anti-reflective surface to be durable and inconspicuous.
  • Anti- reflective optical films including optical films for cathode ray tubes and flat panel displays have been produced. Unfortunately, these films have generally failed to provide the same level of anti-reflectiveness as glass, are more easily scratched, and are not as flat as most anti-reflective glass.
  • anti-reflective glass is a good material for reducing reflection.
  • Anti- reflective glass is durable, has good anti-reflective properties, and can be produced such that it is very flat.
  • anti-reflective glass is a rigid or substantially rigid material that is difficult to permanently adhere to the front of CRTs.
  • One problem associated with adhering glass to the front of a CRT is that air bubbles are easily entrapped between the glass and the CRT when the glass is bonded to the CRT. This problem is significant because even a single bubble trapped between the two panels can diminish the effectiveness of the display if the bubble is readily visible.
  • a need also exists for a method to adhere the glass to the CRT that is quick and cost effective, with a minimum of waste.
  • the present invention is directed to methods, systems, and materials for adhering rigid substrates to one another.
  • the invention includes a process for lamination of anti- reflective glass to the screen of a CRT display, particularly to a flat-screen CRT display.
  • the invention also includes processes and systems for laminating other rigid and substantially rigid materials to one another.
  • the method may include providing a first rigid substrate having a first surface, and a second rigid substrate having a second surface.
  • the first rigid substrate is distorted to create a curvature in the first surface, and an adhesive composition is applied to at least a portion of the second surface of the second rigid substrate.
  • the curvature of the first surface of the first substrate is brought in contact with the adhesive on the second surface in order to form an interface having a contact front.
  • the contact front of the adhesive advances across at least a portion of the second substrate in order to distribute the adhesive between the two rigid substrates and permit their bonding together.
  • the order of performing these steps is typically not critical, and the steps may be performed in different orders.
  • the first rigid substrate is a thin sheet of glass which has adequate flexibility for the methods and process of the invention.
  • the glass is typically less than 3.3 millimeters in thickness, and more typically less than 1.6 millimeters in thickness.
  • other thickness' of this first rigid substrate are appropriate provided a shallow curve can be formed in the substrate.
  • the second rigid substrate is not typically deformed during application of the first rigid substrate. Therefore, the second rigid substrate can be as rigid, or more rigid, than the first rigid substrate.
  • the term flat includes surfaces that are substantially flat. It will be appreciated that even flat surfaces as used herein will have measurable variations, and are therefore not perfectly planer.
  • a flat surface as used herein may have a standard deviation in surface elevation from about 0.1 to 0.6 mm, and typically from about 0.2 to 0.3 mm.
  • the present invention is well suited to use on flat surfaces, it is also suitable for use on various surfaces that have curvature, typically a slight curvature, or slight surface irregularities.
  • Figure 1 is a simplified perspective view of a CRT showing a tube and screen in accordance with an implementation of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a fractional cross section of a screen of a CRT constructed and arranged in accordance with the invention, showing an anti-reflective glass sheet adhered to the screen in accordance with an implementation of the invention.
  • Figure 3 A is a side elevational view of a chuck used for bending and retaining a rigid substrate in accordance with an implementation of the invention.
  • Figure 3B is a side elevational view of a chuck used for bending and retaining a rigid substrate in accordance with an implementation of the invention, showing a rigid substrate positioned on the chuck.
  • Figure 3C is a side elevational view of a chuck used for bending and retaining a rigid substrate in accordance with an implementation of the invention, showing the rigid substrate bent to conform to the chuck.
  • Figure 3D is a side elevational view of a chuck used for bending and retaining a rigid substrate in accordance with an implementation of the invention, showing the rigid substrate retained by the chuck.
  • Figure 4 A is a side elevational view of a chuck retaining a rigid substrate prior to placement of the rigid substrate on a display (the display is shown in fractional view with the electron gun removed). The drawing is provided for demonstrative purposes, and is not drawn to scale. Also, the adhesive is shown in a contrasting shade in this figure and subsequent figures, even though actual adhesive is typically transparent.
  • Figure 4B is a side elevational view of a rigid substrate after placement of the rigid substrate on a display (the display is shown in fractional view with the electron gun removed). The drawing is provided for demonstrative purposes, and is not drawn to scale.
  • Figure 5 A is a top plan view of a first pattern for deposit of adhesive on the screen of a CRT in accordance with an implementation of the invention, prior to placement of the anti-reflective glass on the CRT screen.
  • Figure 5B is a top plan view of the CRT screen from Figure 5 A, representing the CRT after the anti-reflective glass has made contact with the center of the deposit of adhesive.
  • the entire perimeter of the adhesive (normally corresponding to the edge of the first substrate) is cured, instead of only two edges.
  • three edges are cured, or just one edge is cured. It can be advantageous to cure all four edges because it prevents leakage of the adhesive from the edges of the substrate during subsequent movement and inspection of display. It can also be advantageous to cure three edges (of a four edge substrate) in certain implementations, because excess adhesive may be removed from the open edge. Similarly, if the adhesive is sufficiently fluid, it is possible in certain implementations to remove stray bubbles through this open edge without releasing adhesive from the other edges. Curing just one of the edges has the advantage of reducing the amount of cured adhesive that must be removed from the substrates if inspection indicates a flaw.
  • the polymeric epoxides include linear polymers having terminal epoxy groups (e.g., a diglycidyl ether of a polyoxyalkylene glycol), polymers having skeletal oxirane units (e.g., polybutadiene polyepoxide), and polymers having pendent epoxy groups (e.g., a glycidyl methacrylate polymer or copolymer).
  • the epoxides may be pure compounds but are generally mixtures containing one, two, or more epoxy groups per molecule. The "average" number of epoxy groups per molecule is determined by dividing the total number of epoxy groups in the epoxy-containing material by the total number of epoxy molecules present.
  • compositions can contain a photoinitiator, such as an aromatic iodonium complex salt, to initiate cure upon exposure to actinic radiation.
  • a photoinitiator such as an aromatic iodonium complex salt
  • This photoinitiator should be selected such that the wavelength of the actinic radiation necessary to initiate the curing reaction can pass through one of the substrates with sufficient intensity to initiate the reaction.
  • the compositions contain a sensitizer for the photoinitiator.
  • Photoinitiator salts suitable for use with the invention include tetrafluoroborate (BF ), hexafluorophosphate (PF 6 ), hexafluoroarsenate (ASF 6 ), and hexafluoroantimonate salts (SbF 6 ) used as precursors to the curing agents.
  • aromatic iodonium complex salt photoinitiators include: diphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate; diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate; diphenyliodonium hexafluoroarsenate; diphenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate; di-(4-methylphenyl)iodonium tetrafluoroborate; di-(4- methylphenyl)iodonium hexafluorophosphate; di-(4-methylphenyl)iodonium hexafluoroantimonate; di-(4-methylphenyl)iodonium hexafluoroarsenate; phenyl-4- methylphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate; phenyl-4-methylphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate; phenyl-4-methylphenyliodonium tetrafluorobo
  • Preferred photoinitiators include those formed with the following anions: tetrafluroborate; hexafluorophosphate; hexafluoroarsenate; and hexafluoroantimonate. Mixtures of these cations and anions may be used.
  • the commonly used salts are the diaryliodonium hexafluorophosphate and the diaryliodonium hexafluoroantimonate. These salts are, in general, more thermally stable, promote faster reaction, and are more soluble in inert organic solvents than are other aromatic iodonium salts of complex ions.
  • aromatic iodonium complex salts may be prepared by metathesis of corresponding aromatic iodonium simple salts (such as, for example, the diphenyliodonium bisulfate) in accordance with the teachings of Beringer, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81, 342 (1959).
  • the aromatic iodonium simple salts may be prepared in accordance with Beringer et al., above, by various methods including (1) coupling of two aromatic compounds with iodyl sulfate in sulfuric acid, (2) coupling of two aromatic compounds with an iodate in acetic acid-acetic anhydride-sulfuric acid, (3) coupling of two aromatic compounds with an iodine acrylate in the presence of an acid, and (4) condensation of an iodoso compound, an iodoso diacetate, or an iodoxy compound with another aromatic compound in the presence of an acid.
  • the curing of the adhesive is a triggered reaction, i.e., once the degradation of the aromatic iodonium complex salt has been initiated by exposure to a radiation source, the curing reaction proceeds and will continue after the radiation source is removed.
  • the use of thermal energy during or after exposure to a radiation source will generally accelerate the curing reaction, and even a moderate increase in temperature may greatly accelerate cure rate.
  • the aromatic iodonium complex salts useful in the photopolymerizable compositions of the invention are of themselves typically photosensitive only in the ultraviolet spectrum. They, however, can be sensitized to the near ultraviolet and the visible range of the spectrum by sensitizers for known photolyzable organic halogen compounds in accordance with the teachings of U.S. Pat. No.
  • sensitizers include, e.g., triphenylamine, anthracene, 9-methylanthracene, 2-ethyl-9,10-dimethoxyanthracene, 9,10-dimethoxy anthracene, camphorquinone, and 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran.
  • the sensitizer should preferably be reactive to visible light in the near ultraviolet region, particularly in implementations where the radiation must pass though a UV-light absorbing glass. Therefore, the sensitizer is preferably reactive to light having a wavelength of greater than 350 nm.
  • ingredients may be added to change its optical properties.
  • co-reactive compounds may be added to increase the refractive index.
  • Suitable compounds include molecules containing aromatic groups, including bisphenol A based resins, hi specific implementations of the invention, the refractive index of the cured resin is increased or decreased.
  • the refractive index of the resin is modified to correspond closely to at least one of the substrates. When those substrates are glass, it is typically necessary to increase the refractive index of the cured resin. In other implementations it can be desirable to decrease the refractive index. In such implementations it is possible to use fluorinated resins, such as fluorinated epoxy resins. Marano, T.; Nakamura, K. in J.
  • the adhesive should show a strong affinity for the substrate, as evidenced by readily wetting the substrates.
  • a useful measure of the adhesive's affinity for the substrates is its static contact angle, which is conventionally determined using a goniometer.
  • An untreated glass microscope slide provides a reasonable model for the glass substrates identified in this application, and the adhesive should have a static contact angle at room temperature on an untreated glass microscope slide of less than 90 degrees in order to prevent bubble formation during the lamination process. More typically, the contact angle of the adhesive on a microscope slide should be less than 45 degrees. Most typically, the contact angle of the adhesive on a microscope slide should be less than 30 degrees to allow bubble-free lamination in a reasonable time period.
  • Silquest A- 187 from Witco of Stamford, Connecticut.
  • Silquest A- 187 is a glycidyl ether functional trialkoxysilane coupling agent. Anthracene from Aldrich Chemical Company of Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
  • Anthracene is a UV sensitizer.
  • Sarcat CD-1012 from Sartomer of Exton, Pennsylvania.
  • Sarcat CD-1012 is a diaryliodonium salt that generates a Bronsted (protic) acid that catalyzes the epoxy ring opening and siloxane hydrolysis reactions. Upon exposure to ultraviolet light, the sensitizer in combination with the iodonium salt begins the curing process.
  • the first substrate should desirably be rigid, yet have enough flexibility to be sufficiently distorted to create a suitable curvature.
  • rigid includes having sufficient flexibility to create slight distortions in the surface.
  • suitable rigid materials are glass materials.
  • the general curvature of substrate 94 can be described by reference to the ratio of the vertical displacement "y" of the substrate edges divided by the width "x" of the substrate along the curve 94. This displacement ratio, y/x, provides an indication of the extent of curvature. A substrate having little curvature will have a displacement ratio approaching zero, while a substrate with significant curvature will have a greater displacement ratio.
  • the curve will be sufficient to form a contact front that advances without entrapment of air bubbles.
  • the curvature should be sufficient that a well defined contact front forms. If the curve is too shallow (having a low displacement ratio), then entrapment of bubbles increases. Thus, the curvature should be adequate to reduce entrapment of bubbles while avoiding excessive bending of the substrate that can result in breaking of the first substrate.
  • the substrate is preferably not excessively curved because release of such substrates from the chuck can result in the substrate returning to the original shape too rapidly and entrapping air bubbles.
  • the ratio of distortion should be greater than zero, and always less than the amount necessary to break the rigid substrate.
  • the ratio of distortion is often greater than 0.006, and typically greater than 0.013.
  • the ratio of distortion is often less than 0.100, and typically less than 0.025.
  • the first rigid substrate is a thin sheet of glass, which will have adequate flexibility for the methods and process of the invention.
  • the glass is typically less than 3.3 millimeters in thickness, and more typically less than 1.6 millimeters in thickness.
  • various thickness' of this first rigid substrate are appropriate provided a curve can be formed in the substrate.
  • the second rigid substrate is not typically deformed during application of the first rigid substrate. Therefore, the second rigid substrate can be as rigid, or more rigid, than the first rigid substrate.
  • the first rigid substrate will typically have a modulus of at least 1.2, and preferably a modulus of at least 0.8.
  • FIG. 10 A system for implementation of the present invention is shown in Figure 10.
  • CRT's 100 move along a transport system to an optional measurement station 102.
  • Measurement station 102 is used to determine the individual characteristics and irregularities of each CRT 100.
  • Measurement station 102 may include an apparatus for determining the surface contour of the each CRT, particularly when the CRT's demonstrate significant variations.
  • each CRT advances to an adhesive dispenser station 104, of which two are shown in Figure 10.
  • Adhesive dispenser station 104 distributes adhesive over the CRT screen. In the event that the CRT shows significant surface variations, the adhesive can be distributed accordingly to provide a favorable interface.
  • adhesive dispenser station 104 is preferably suited to dispense adhesive on CRTs of multiple sizes. Thus, the system may be used on different sizes of CRT's over time.
  • the adhesive is cured by exposure to UV radiation.
  • other wavelengths of actinic radiation are used to initiate or propagate the cure, or other curing methodologies are used (such as thermal initiation or propagation). If the CRT does not pass the inspection, it is either discarded or sent to a recycling station (not shown) where the anti-reflective glass is removed and the CRT prepared for reentry into the system at the measurement or adhesion stations.
  • Inspection of each CRT can be performed by human operators, by automatic inspection equipment, or by a combination of the two.
  • machine vision techniques can be used to search for and detect visual irregularities in the display during inspection of each CRT.
  • the system depicted in Figure 10 shows additional adhesive stations, lamination stations, and inspection stations connected in parallel to the measurement station and cure station.
  • the system demonstrates an example wherein only one measurement station and one curing station are necessary for two adhesive stations and two lamination stations.
  • more or fewer of each type of station will be used depending upon the speed of each step. Generally, the number of stations will be dictated by the speed at which the station performs its operation. If a station can perform an operation quickly, then fewer of such stations are necessary compared to slower stations.
  • the entire system is preferably interconnected by one or more controllers that monitor and adjust the lamination process.
  • the controller should dictate movement of CRTs through the system, and also make adjustments to operation of the system. For example, if one of the adhesive dispensers becomes inoperable, then the CRT's should be directed to the other adhesive dispensers until the inoperable dispenser is returned to activity. Similarly, if inspection identifies a recurring flaw in the adhesive distribution, then adhesive dispenser 104 is adjusted to correct the problem. An example of such adjustments may include modifying the quantity and distribution of adhesive, or changing the temperature or gas content of the adhesive.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un système de stratification d'un verre antireflet sur l'écran d'un affichage de tube à rayons cathodiques (TRC), plus spécifiquement sur un affichage TRC à écran plat. Cette invention concerne également des procédés et systèmes permettant de disposer en couches d'autres matériaux rigides et sensiblement rigides entre eux. Ce procédé peut consister à former un premier substrat rigide (18) possédant une première surface (18), et un deuxième substrat rigide (20) possédant une deuxième surface (26). Ce premier substrat rigide (18) est déformé afin de créer une courbure sur cette première surface, et une composition adhésive est appliquée sur au moins une partie de la deuxième surface (26) du deuxième substrat rigide (20). Cette courbure de la première surface du premier substrat et mise en contact avec l'adhésif sur la deuxième surface (26) de manière à former une interface possédant un front de contact. Ensuite, le front de contact de l'adhésif avance à travers au moins une partie du deuxième substrat afin de distribuer l'adhésif entre les deux substrats (18, 20) rigides et de permettre leur adhésion (38) l'un à l'autre.
PCT/US2001/013049 2000-05-12 2001-04-23 Procede, systeme et produit de stratification d'un substrat rigide WO2001087595A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001257165A AU2001257165A1 (en) 2000-05-12 2001-04-23 Rigid substrate lamination process, system, and product

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US57018200A 2000-05-12 2000-05-12
US09/570,182 2000-05-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001087595A1 true WO2001087595A1 (fr) 2001-11-22

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Country Link
AU (1) AU2001257165A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001087595A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100098839A1 (en) * 2007-04-10 2010-04-22 Tomoyuki Toyoda Method for producing image display apparatus
US8773624B2 (en) 2007-04-09 2014-07-08 Sony Chemical & Information Device Corporation Resin composition and image display apparatus
US8821966B2 (en) 2007-04-09 2014-09-02 Dexerials Corporation Image display device
US10216026B2 (en) 2007-04-09 2019-02-26 Dexerials Corporation Image display device that can display high brightness and high contrast images and includes a cured resin layer
US10795194B2 (en) * 2010-12-22 2020-10-06 Dexerials Corporation Method of manufacturing plate-shaped bonded body, bonding device, and plate-shaped bonded body
US11467438B2 (en) 2006-07-14 2022-10-11 Dexerials Corporation Resin composition and display unit

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4337105A (en) * 1980-09-04 1982-06-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Spherical segment inner surface force applicator for laminating non-planar surfaces
EP0200394A1 (fr) * 1985-04-09 1986-11-05 Lawi Ag Procédé et dispositif de production de matériau en couche laminée

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4337105A (en) * 1980-09-04 1982-06-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Spherical segment inner surface force applicator for laminating non-planar surfaces
EP0200394A1 (fr) * 1985-04-09 1986-11-05 Lawi Ag Procédé et dispositif de production de matériau en couche laminée

Cited By (17)

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US12321056B2 (en) 2006-07-14 2025-06-03 Dexerials Corporation Resin composition and display unit
US11982890B2 (en) 2006-07-14 2024-05-14 Dexerials Corporation Resin composition and display unit
US11467438B2 (en) 2006-07-14 2022-10-11 Dexerials Corporation Resin composition and display unit
US11740501B2 (en) 2007-04-09 2023-08-29 Dexerials Corporation Image display device that can display high brightness and high contrast images and includes a cured resin layer
US8773624B2 (en) 2007-04-09 2014-07-08 Sony Chemical & Information Device Corporation Resin composition and image display apparatus
US8821966B2 (en) 2007-04-09 2014-09-02 Dexerials Corporation Image display device
US9348062B2 (en) 2007-04-09 2016-05-24 Dexerials Corporation Image display device
US9354462B2 (en) 2007-04-09 2016-05-31 Dexerials Corporation Image display device
US10216026B2 (en) 2007-04-09 2019-02-26 Dexerials Corporation Image display device that can display high brightness and high contrast images and includes a cured resin layer
US10725329B2 (en) 2007-04-09 2020-07-28 Dexerials Corporation Image display device that can display high brightness and high contrast images and includes a cured resin layer
US12147111B2 (en) 2007-04-09 2024-11-19 Dexerials Corporation Image display device that can display high brightness and high contrast images and includes a cured resin layer
US11237423B2 (en) 2007-04-09 2022-02-01 Dexerials Corporation Image display device that can display high brightness and high contrast images and includes a cured resin layer
US11614647B2 (en) 2007-04-10 2023-03-28 Dexerials Corporation Method for producing image display apparatus
US20100098839A1 (en) * 2007-04-10 2010-04-22 Tomoyuki Toyoda Method for producing image display apparatus
US10876013B2 (en) 2007-04-10 2020-12-29 Dexerials Corporation Method for producing image display apparatus
EP2369570B1 (fr) * 2007-04-10 2016-12-07 Dexerials Corporation Procédé de production d'appareil d'affichage d'images
US10795194B2 (en) * 2010-12-22 2020-10-06 Dexerials Corporation Method of manufacturing plate-shaped bonded body, bonding device, and plate-shaped bonded body

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