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WO2001073214A1 - Loader and bulldozer for sorting rumble - Google Patents

Loader and bulldozer for sorting rumble Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2001073214A1
WO2001073214A1 PCT/DE2001/000899 DE0100899W WO0173214A1 WO 2001073214 A1 WO2001073214 A1 WO 2001073214A1 DE 0100899 W DE0100899 W DE 0100899W WO 0173214 A1 WO0173214 A1 WO 0173214A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
loading
electromagnet
loading device
clearing vehicle
sorting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2001/000899
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Markus RÖSSMANN
Original Assignee
Roessmann Markus
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Roessmann Markus filed Critical Roessmann Markus
Priority to AU48261/01A priority Critical patent/AU4826101A/en
Publication of WO2001073214A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001073214A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F7/00—Equipment for conveying or separating excavated material
    • E02F7/06—Delivery chutes or screening plants or mixing plants mounted on dredgers or excavators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36—Component parts
    • E02F3/40—Dippers; Buckets ; Grab devices, e.g. manufacturing processes for buckets, form, geometry or material of buckets
    • E02F3/401—Buckets or forks comprising, for example, shock absorbers, supports or load striking scrapers to prevent overload
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36—Component parts
    • E02F3/40—Dippers; Buckets ; Grab devices, e.g. manufacturing processes for buckets, form, geometry or material of buckets
    • E02F3/402—Dippers; Buckets ; Grab devices, e.g. manufacturing processes for buckets, form, geometry or material of buckets with means for facilitating the loading thereof, e.g. conveyors
    • E02F3/404—Dippers; Buckets ; Grab devices, e.g. manufacturing processes for buckets, form, geometry or material of buckets with means for facilitating the loading thereof, e.g. conveyors comprising two parts movable relative to each other, e.g. for gripping
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36—Component parts
    • E02F3/40—Dippers; Buckets ; Grab devices, e.g. manufacturing processes for buckets, form, geometry or material of buckets
    • E02F3/402—Dippers; Buckets ; Grab devices, e.g. manufacturing processes for buckets, form, geometry or material of buckets with means for facilitating the loading thereof, e.g. conveyors
    • E02F3/405—Dippers; Buckets ; Grab devices, e.g. manufacturing processes for buckets, form, geometry or material of buckets with means for facilitating the loading thereof, e.g. conveyors using vibrating means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36—Component parts
    • E02F3/40—Dippers; Buckets ; Grab devices, e.g. manufacturing processes for buckets, form, geometry or material of buckets
    • E02F3/407—Dippers; Buckets ; Grab devices, e.g. manufacturing processes for buckets, form, geometry or material of buckets with ejecting or other unloading device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a loading and clearing vehicle with an undercarriage and a superstructure which can be pivoted relative to it and which is connected via a boom to a loading device which can be pivoted about a horizontal axis and is designed like a shovel.
  • Excavators or wheel loaders are used, for example, in building and civil engineering, in gardening and landscaping, in industrial handling or in recycling and waste management.
  • the latter sector in particular is steadily increasing in importance; the ever more precise sorting of waste products is becoming increasingly important due to the high disposal costs.
  • One such waste product is rubble that is transported to collection facilities after dismantling and demolition work. Sorting takes place there, whereby steel, aluminum and other metals, wood, plastic, concrete, masonry and similar materials are separated and sorted.
  • a major problem here is separating the remains of concrete and masonry from steel reinforcements and reinforcements. This work must still be carried out by hand, which not only causes high personnel costs, but also poses considerable risk of injury.
  • Sorting usually takes place when the building rubble is unloaded from a truck in the outdoor or indoor system via a collection facility after unloading.
  • the shovel-like loader devices of the excavators or wheel loaders are equipped with sieve-like bases, which sort the residues according to their size. The operator swings the bucket quickly so that the smaller residues fall through the sieve.
  • the steel is usually sorted out by hand before or after this process. Because it is Steel is a valuable and easily recyclable material, this sorting by hand is unavoidable, but correspondingly complex, lengthy and dangerous and therefore expensive.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to design a loading and clearing vehicle in such a way that the separation of metal residues from building rubble is possible in a simple and economical manner.
  • This object is achieved in that an electromagnet is assigned to the interior of the charging device.
  • the excavator or wheel loader is equipped with an electromagnet in the area of its loading device so that the metal residues can be sorted out automatically from the rubble.
  • a separation takes place in that the metal residues adhere to the metal loading device, while the concrete, masonry or other residues are released through the loading device opening or the sieve formed in the area of the base area thereof.
  • the electromagnet can be deactivated at a suitable point, for example above a collecting container. This eliminates the time-consuming, lengthy and dangerous sorting by hand by using the same loading device for reloading the rubble as for sorting it.
  • the operations reloading and sorting take place in one operation.
  • the electromagnet can be arranged on the inside and on the outside wall of the charging device, especially since the latter is ultimately magnetized as a whole.
  • a preferred embodiment is that in which the electromagnet is fixed in the area of the inner wall of the charging device.
  • Necessary lines for supplying the electromagnet with electricity are present in this area, just like hydraulic lines, or are easy to install, so that the technology according to the invention is particularly robust and that loading and clearing vehicles can also be retrofitted with it.
  • the loading device can have a solid base area, which leads to the bucket being emptied via its opening, for which purpose it has to be pivoted about its horizontal axis. Metal parts stick to the bucket and come loose after the electromagnet is deactivated.
  • the loading device expediently has a sieve-shaped base surface, due to the design of which a screening of the concrete pieces and the other material takes place, while the metal parts stick to the blade due to the action of the electromagnet.
  • the bucket and boom can be moved back and forth.
  • different blades for fragments of different sizes can also be connected to the arms.
  • the electromagnet is particularly protected if it is arranged in the area of the charging device opposite the base area.
  • This is understood to mean the area which, together with the base area and the lateral guide areas, results in the formation corresponding to a blade.
  • the electromagnet is arranged on the opposite side in a relatively protected manner. Nevertheless, it goes without saying that the electromagnet must be designed to be correspondingly robust at this point exposed to high loads.
  • the electromagnet Protection of the electromagnet is achieved particularly well if the electromagnet is arranged between the inner wall of the charging device and an intermediate wall protecting the electromagnet.
  • the intermediate wall prevents the metal parts from being pulled in front of the magnets and hitting them in front of each work step, which could lead to a permanent impairment of their function. Instead, the metal parts hit the intermediate wall, which is designed to be correspondingly stable.
  • a loading device can also be used for conventional applications without a magnet, because the content of the loading device, that is to say the bucket or the spoon, is only insignificantly less.
  • the magnet is arranged on the outer wall of the blade and is covered there and thus protected by an outer plate.
  • the intermediate wall of the inner wall is formed integrally. This means that the intermediate wall does not have to be designed as a type of plate, but rather that the intermediate wall is adapted to the curved design of the loading device. In particular, it is important to prevent protrusions and bends in order to ensure that the loaded material slips inside the bucket.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the loading and spacecraft is equipped with a one-piece loading device. On a loading and clearing vehicle designed as an excavator, only a shovel-like or spoon-like loading device is therefore provided.
  • the loading and clearing vehicle is equipped with a two-part loading device, so that two oppositely arranged blade halves are pivoted against one another and engage with one another with their teeth arranged on the lower edge of the loading device, whereby they can load or unload . Collect material to be sorted together and in a correspondingly larger quantity.
  • the electromagnet can be regulated and / or controlled from the driver's cab of the loading and clearing device.
  • the electromagnet can also be activated and deactivated from here, and the intensity of the magnetic action can also be regulated from there, if necessary. Due to the existing lines, such an excavator can also be easily retrofitted with the technology according to the invention.
  • the invention is characterized in particular by the fact that a loading and clearing vehicle is created that is ideally suited for separating magnetic and non-magnetic residues.
  • the sorting of the magnetic waste on the one hand and the non-magnetic waste on the other hand according to their size takes place in a combined operation with the reloading of the rubble. While coarser and finer components of the rubble are separated from one another due to the sieve-like design of the base of the charging device, metallic components are attracted to the magnet and remain on the charging device until the electromagnet is deactivated at a suitable point in due course.
  • the electromagnet also offers the advantage that it only needs to be activated if magnetic and non-magnetic substances are actually to be separated and can otherwise remain switched off during conventional charging and clearing operations, especially because of the positioning of the magnet, the contents of the shovel or of the spoon is only slightly reduced.
  • the magnet is housed between the inner wall and the loading device and an intermediate wall, so that it is protected against damage.
  • the magnet is expediently arranged in the region of the loading device opposite the base surface, so that it is positioned in the immediate vicinity of the screen surface, without impairing its effect on sorting out larger and smaller fragments.
  • Fig. 1 is a loading and clearing vehicle in perspective
  • Fig. 3 shows a further loading device in perspective
  • FIG. 4 shows a two-part loading device in section.
  • 1 shows a loading and clearing vehicle 1, here an excavator 23.
  • the swiveling superstructure 11 is arranged on the undercarriage 10.
  • the excavator 23 is equipped as a tracked vehicle with chains 15, which could also be an excavator with wheels or a wheel loader.
  • the superstructure 11 is assigned in this case three booms 12 a, 12 b, 12 c, the height adjustment of which is controlled by the hydraulic cylinders 14 and which is used to control the loading device assigned to the last boom 12 c.
  • the pivoting of the loading device is done by pivoting the uppercarriage 11 relative to the undercarriage 10, so that a vibrating movement is exerted on the loading device 2, which supports the sieving effect in this area.
  • Electrical lines 18, 18 ' serve to supply the electromagnet associated with the charging device 2 with current, which can be activated and deactivated by the driver's cab 17.
  • Such an electromagnet can also be retrofitted relatively easily, especially since the content of the charging device 2, which is designed here as a blade, is only insignificantly limited.
  • FIG. 2 shows a loading device 2, which is articulated to the outermost boom 12 c by means of a joint 26, so that the loading device 2 can be pivoted about the horizontal axis 9.
  • This pivoting movement about the horizontal axis 9 serves primarily to pick up or deliver material with the shovel-shaped or spoon-like loading device 2.
  • the base area 5, that is to say the area on which the material mainly comes to rest when the loading device 2 functions, is shown here with sieve holes 19, so that the fragments are sorted according to their size. This is mainly building rubble, i.e. concrete, masonry, plastic, wood or metal residues.
  • the charging device 2 is also assigned an electromagnet, which in this illustration is also covered by the intermediate wall 8, by means of which it is magnetically attracted.
  • electromagnet which in this illustration is also covered by the intermediate wall 8, by means of which it is magnetically attracted.
  • the previously necessary Ge sorting of the metal parts in the form of reinforcements, reinforcements and other parts by being attracted by the activated electromagnet against the protective plate 8, the base 5 or one of the two side guide plates 7.
  • the excavator operator can then deactivate the electromagnet at a suitable point, for example via a collecting device, so that the metal residues previously attracted detach from the charging device 2.
  • a loading device 2 in another form is shown in FIG. 3, these blades having two chambers 26 and 26 'which serve to hold material.
  • 20 screen holes 19 are also formed behind the teeth, which are used to sort the rubble.
  • the intermediate wall 8 can be seen, behind which the electromagnet is arranged and against which the metal residues are attracted by it. With 21 the connection for the outer boom is designated.
  • the charging device 2 shows a charging device 2, wherein the electromagnet 3 can be seen, which is fixed to the inner wall 4 of the charging device.
  • the electromagnet 3 is arranged in the area 13 of the blade opposite the base area 5 and is protected by the intermediate wall 8 against damage, in particular from attracted metal residues.
  • the intermediate wall 8 is formed in accordance with the wall of the loading device 2, so that its shovel-like design is not restricted.
  • the content of the bucket is also only slightly less than that of a conventional one. 4
  • the loading device 2 is formed in two parts, more precisely it consists of the two blade halves 2 'and 2 ", the latter being only indicated by dashed lines.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Shovels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a loader and bulldozer (1) that is provided with a loading device (2) in the form of a shovel or a spoon. An electromagnet (3) is assigned to said device. Metal rests can thus be separated from the remaining material, especially when rumble is sorted, by attracting the metal rests against a partition wall (8) that protects the electromagnet (3). Remaining rubble is sorted according to size by means of the base surface (5) of the loading device (2), whereby said surface is designed in a sieve-like manner. The electromagnet (3) is deactivated when the loading device (2) is situated over a separate collecting device.

Description

Lade- und Räumfahrzeug zum Sortieren von Bauschutt Loading and clearing vehicle for sorting building rubble
B e s c h r e i b u n gDescription
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Lade- und Räumfahrgerät mit einem Unterwagen und einem diesem gegenüber schwenkbaren Oberwagen, welcher über Ausleger mit einer um eine Horizontalachse schwenkbaren und schaufelartig ausgebildeten Ladevorrichtung verbunden ist.The invention relates to a loading and clearing vehicle with an undercarriage and a superstructure which can be pivoted relative to it and which is connected via a boom to a loading device which can be pivoted about a horizontal axis and is designed like a shovel.
Derartige Lade- und Raumfahrzeuge werden vielseitig eingesetzt, um lose Materialien ver- und umzuladen. Bagger oder Radlader werden beispielsweise im Hoch- und Tiefbau, im Garten- und Landschaftsbau, im Industrieumschlag oder in der Recycling - und Abfallwirtschaft eingesetzt. Insbesondere der letztgenannte Wirtschaftszweig nimmt in seiner Bedeutung stetig zu, das immer präzisere Sortieren von Abfallprodukten wird auch wegen der hohen Entsorgungskosten immer wichtiger. Ein solches Abfallprodukt ist Bauschutt, der nach Abbau- und Abbrucharbeiten zu Sammeleinrichtungen transportiert wird. Dort findet eine Sortierung statt, wobei Stahl, Aluminium und sonstige Metalle, Holz, Kunststoff, Beton, Mauerwerk und ähnliche Materialien voneinander getrennt und sortiert werden. Ein erhebliches Problem besteht dabei darin, Beton- und Mauerwerksreste von Stahlbewehrungen und -armierungen zu trennen. Diese Arbeit muß nach wie vor von Hand ausgeführt werde, was nicht nur hohe Personalkosten verursacht, sondern auch erhebliche Verletzungsrisiken birgt. Die Sortierung geschieht in der Regel dann, wenn der Bauschutt nach dem Abladen von einem LKW in der Außen- oder Innenanlage über eine Sammeleinrichtung umgelagert wird. Dazu sind die schaufelartigen Ladervorrichtungen der Bagger oder Radlader mit siebartig ausgebildeten Grundflächen ausgerüstet, die eine Sortierung der Rückstände nach ihrer Größe bewirken. Die Schaufel wird durch den Bediener in schnelle Schwenkbewegungen versetzt, so dass die kleineren Rückstände durch das Sieb fallen. Das Aussortieren des Stahls von Hand findet zumeist vor oder nach diesem Vorgang statt. Weil es sich bei Stahl um ein wertvolles und gut recycelbares Material handelt, sind diese Aussortierungen von Hand unumgänglich, aber entsprechend aufwendig, langwierig und gefährlich und damit teuer.Such loading and space vehicles are used in a variety of ways to load and reload loose materials. Excavators or wheel loaders are used, for example, in building and civil engineering, in gardening and landscaping, in industrial handling or in recycling and waste management. The latter sector in particular is steadily increasing in importance; the ever more precise sorting of waste products is becoming increasingly important due to the high disposal costs. One such waste product is rubble that is transported to collection facilities after dismantling and demolition work. Sorting takes place there, whereby steel, aluminum and other metals, wood, plastic, concrete, masonry and similar materials are separated and sorted. A major problem here is separating the remains of concrete and masonry from steel reinforcements and reinforcements. This work must still be carried out by hand, which not only causes high personnel costs, but also poses considerable risk of injury. Sorting usually takes place when the building rubble is unloaded from a truck in the outdoor or indoor system via a collection facility after unloading. For this purpose, the shovel-like loader devices of the excavators or wheel loaders are equipped with sieve-like bases, which sort the residues according to their size. The operator swings the bucket quickly so that the smaller residues fall through the sieve. The steel is usually sorted out by hand before or after this process. Because it is Steel is a valuable and easily recyclable material, this sorting by hand is unavoidable, but correspondingly complex, lengthy and dangerous and therefore expensive.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung stellt sich somit die Aufgabe, ein Lade- und Räumfahrzeug so auszubilden, dass die Trennung von Metallresten aus Bauschutt auf einfache und wirtschaftliche Weise möglich ist.The object of the present invention is therefore to design a loading and clearing vehicle in such a way that the separation of metal residues from building rubble is possible in a simple and economical manner.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass dem Innenraum der Ladevorrichtung ein Elektromagnet zugeordnet ist.This object is achieved in that an electromagnet is assigned to the interior of the charging device.
Der Bagger bzw. Radlader ist im Bereich seiner Ladevorrichtung mit einem Elektromagneten ausgerüstet, so dass quasi ein automatisches Aussortieren der Metallreste aus dem Bauschutt erfolgen kann. Es findet eine Trennung statt, indem die Metallreste an der metallenen Ladeeinrichtung haften bleiben, während die Beton-, Mauerwerks- oder sonstigen Reste durch die Ladevorrichtungsöffnung oder das im Bereich deren Grundfläche ausgebildeten Siebes freigegeben werden. Wenn eine ausreichende Menge Metall an der Ladevorrichtung haftet oder auch nach jedem Lade Vorgang kann der Elektromagnet an geeigneter Stelle, beispielsweise über einem Sammelcontainer, deaktiviert werden. Damit entfällt das aufwendige, langatmige und für das Personal gefährliche Sortieren von Hand, indem dieselbe Ladevorrichtung zum Umladen des Bauschutts wie zu dessen Sortierung benutzt wird. Dabei finden die Vorgänge Umladen und Sortieren in einem Arbeitsgang statt.The excavator or wheel loader is equipped with an electromagnet in the area of its loading device so that the metal residues can be sorted out automatically from the rubble. A separation takes place in that the metal residues adhere to the metal loading device, while the concrete, masonry or other residues are released through the loading device opening or the sieve formed in the area of the base area thereof. If a sufficient amount of metal adheres to the charging device or after each charging process, the electromagnet can be deactivated at a suitable point, for example above a collecting container. This eliminates the time-consuming, lengthy and dangerous sorting by hand by using the same loading device for reloading the rubble as for sorting it. The operations reloading and sorting take place in one operation.
Der Elektromagnet kann an der Innen- wie an der Außenwandung der Ladevorrichtung angeordnet sein, zumal selbige letztlich als Ganzes magnetisiert wird. Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform ist dabei die, bei der der Elektromagnet im Bereich der Innenwandung der Ladevorrichtung fixiert ist. Notwendige Leitungen zur Versorgung des Elektromagneten mit Strom sind in diesem Bereich, ebenso wie Hydraulikleitungen ohnehin vorhanden oder leicht verlegbar, so dass die erfindungsgemäße Technik besonders robust ist und dass Lade- und Räumfahrzeuge auch damit nachgerüstet werden können. Die Ladevorrichtung kann einer herkömmlichen Schaufel entsprechend eine massive Grundfläche aufweisen, was dazu führt, dass die Schaufel über ihre Öffnung entleert wird, wozu sie um ihre Horizontalachse zu schwenken ist. Metallteile bleiben dabei an der Schaufel haften und lösen sich nach Deaktivierung des Elektromagneten. Zweckmäßigerweise weist die Ladevorrichtung hingegen eine siebartig ausgebildete Grundfläche auf, aufgrund deren Ausbildung ein Sieben der Betonstücke und des übrigen Materials stattfindet, während die Metallteile an der Schaufel aufgrund der Wirkung des Elektromagneten haften bleiben. Zur Unterstützung der Siebwirkung können Schaufel und Ausleger hin- und herbewegt werden. In Abhängigkeit von dem Siebgut können auch unterschiedliche Schaufeln für Bruchstücke unterschiedlicher Größe mit den Auslegern verbunden werden. Anstatt die Grundfläche insgesamt siebartig auszubilden, können auch mehr oder weniger große Löcher in der Grundfläche der Schaufel vorhanden sein.The electromagnet can be arranged on the inside and on the outside wall of the charging device, especially since the latter is ultimately magnetized as a whole. A preferred embodiment is that in which the electromagnet is fixed in the area of the inner wall of the charging device. Necessary lines for supplying the electromagnet with electricity are present in this area, just like hydraulic lines, or are easy to install, so that the technology according to the invention is particularly robust and that loading and clearing vehicles can also be retrofitted with it. According to a conventional bucket, the loading device can have a solid base area, which leads to the bucket being emptied via its opening, for which purpose it has to be pivoted about its horizontal axis. Metal parts stick to the bucket and come loose after the electromagnet is deactivated. The loading device, on the other hand, expediently has a sieve-shaped base surface, due to the design of which a screening of the concrete pieces and the other material takes place, while the metal parts stick to the blade due to the action of the electromagnet. To support the sieving effect, the bucket and boom can be moved back and forth. Depending on the material to be screened, different blades for fragments of different sizes can also be connected to the arms. Instead of forming the base area in a sieve-like manner, there may also be more or less large holes in the base area of the blade.
Der Elektromagnet ist besonders geschützt, wenn er im der Grundfläche gegenüberliegenden Bereich der Ladevorrichtung angeordnet ist. Hierunter wird der Bereich verstanden, der mit der Grundfläche und den seitlichen Leitflächen zusammen die einer Schaufel entsprechende Ausbildung ergibt. Üblicherweise wird während des Lade- bzw. Sortiervorganges nur die siebartig ausgebildete Grundfläche der Schaufel mit Bauschutt bedeckt, so dass der Elektromagnet auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite relativ geschützt angeordnet ist. Trotzdem versteht es sich, dass der Elektromagnet an dieser hohen Belastungen ausgesetzten Stelle entsprechend robust auszubilden ist.The electromagnet is particularly protected if it is arranged in the area of the charging device opposite the base area. This is understood to mean the area which, together with the base area and the lateral guide areas, results in the formation corresponding to a blade. Usually, only the sieve-like base area of the blade is covered with rubble during the loading or sorting process, so that the electromagnet is arranged on the opposite side in a relatively protected manner. Nevertheless, it goes without saying that the electromagnet must be designed to be correspondingly robust at this point exposed to high loads.
Der Schutz des Elektromagneten wird besonders gut besonders gut erreicht, wenn der Elektromagnet zwischen der Innenwandung der Ladevorrichtung und einer den Elektromagnet schützenden Zwischenwand angeordnet ist. Die Zwischenwand verhindert, dass die Metallteile bei jedem Arbeitsgang unmittelbar vor den Magneten gezogen werden und vor diesen schlagen, was insbesondere auf Dauer zu einer Beeinträchtigung dessen Funktion führen könnte. Stattdessen prallen die Metallteile vor die Zwischenwand, welche entsprechend stabil ausgebildet ist. Damit bleibt eine derartige Ladevorrichtung auch für übliche Einsätze ohne Magnet einsetzbar, weil der Inhalt der Ladevorrichtung, also der Schaufel oder des Löffels nur unwesentlich geringer wird. Es ist ebenso denkbar, dass anstatt des Vorsehens einer Zwischenwand der Magnet an der Außenwandung der Schaufel angeordnet und dort über eine Außenplatte abgedeckt und somit geschützt ist.Protection of the electromagnet is achieved particularly well if the electromagnet is arranged between the inner wall of the charging device and an intermediate wall protecting the electromagnet. The intermediate wall prevents the metal parts from being pulled in front of the magnets and hitting them in front of each work step, which could lead to a permanent impairment of their function. Instead, the metal parts hit the intermediate wall, which is designed to be correspondingly stable. This means that such a loading device can also be used for conventional applications without a magnet, because the content of the loading device, that is to say the bucket or the spoon, is only insignificantly less. It It is also conceivable that instead of providing an intermediate wall, the magnet is arranged on the outer wall of the blade and is covered there and thus protected by an outer plate.
Um die Funktion der Schaufel nicht zu beeinträchtigen, ist vorgesehen, dass die Zwischenwand der Innenwandung angeformt ausgebildet ist. Dies bedeutet, dass die Zwischenwand nicht als eine Art Platte ausgebildet sein muss, sondern dass die Zwischenwand der geschwungenen Ausbildung der Ladevorrichtung angepasst ist. Insbesondere gilt es dabei, Vorsprünge und Abkantungen zu verhindern, um ein Rutschen des verladenen Materials innerhalb des Kübels zu gewährleisten.In order not to impair the function of the blade, it is provided that the intermediate wall of the inner wall is formed integrally. This means that the intermediate wall does not have to be designed as a type of plate, but rather that the intermediate wall is adapted to the curved design of the loading device. In particular, it is important to prevent protrusions and bends in order to ensure that the loaded material slips inside the bucket.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, dass das Lade- und Raumfahrzeug mit einer einteiligen Ladevorrichtung ausgerüstet ist. An einem als Bagger ausgebildeten Lade- und Räumfahrzeug ist also nur eine schaufei- oder löffelartige Lade Vorrichtung vorgesehen.A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the loading and spacecraft is equipped with a one-piece loading device. On a loading and clearing vehicle designed as an excavator, only a shovel-like or spoon-like loading device is therefore provided.
Im Gegensatz dazu ist es aber auch denkbar, dass das Lade- und Räumfahrzeug mit einer zweiteiligen Ladevorrichtung ausgerüstet ist, so dass zwei gegenüberliegend angeordnete Schaufelhälften gegeneinander geschwenkt werden und mit ihren an der Unterkante der Ladevorrichtung angeordneten Zähnen ineinander greifen, wobei sie das zu verladende bzw. zu sortierende Material gemeinsam und in entsprechend größerer Menge aufnehmen.In contrast, however, it is also conceivable that the loading and clearing vehicle is equipped with a two-part loading device, so that two oppositely arranged blade halves are pivoted against one another and engage with one another with their teeth arranged on the lower edge of the loading device, whereby they can load or unload . Collect material to be sorted together and in a correspondingly larger quantity.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist vorgesehen, dass der Elektromagnet vom Führerhaus der Lade- und Räumeinrichtung aus regelbar und/oder steuerbar ist. Neben den übrigen Bedienungen, wie beispielsweise dem Schwenken der Schaufel zur Verstärkung der Siebwirkung und der sonstigen Abläufe eines Baggers, kann von hier aus auch der Elektromagnet aktiviert und deaktiviert werden, wobei auch die Intensität der Magnetwirkung gegebenenfalls von dort aus reguliert werden kann. Aufgrund der ohnehin vorhandenen Leitungen lässt sich ein solcher Bagger mit der erfindungsgemässen Technik auch problemlos nachrüsten. Die Erfindung zeichnet sich insbesondere dadurch aus, dass ein Lade- und Räumfahrzeug geschaffen ist, dass sich bestens dazu eignet, magnetische und nicht magnetische Reststoffe zu trennen. Die Sortierung der magnetischen Abfallstoffe einerseits und der nicht-magnetischen Abfallstoffe nach ihrer Grosse andererseits findet in einem kombinierten Arbeitsgang mit dem Umladen des Bauschutts statt. Während aufgrund der siebartigen Ausbildung der Grundfläche der Ladevorrichtung gröbere und feinere Bestandteile des Bauschutts voneinander getrennt werden, werden metallische Bestandteile vom Magneten angezogen und verbleiben an der Ladevorrichtung, bis der Elektromagnet zu gegebener Zeit an geeigneter Stelle deaktiviert wird. Dabei bietet der Elektromagnet zugleich den Vorteil, dass er nur aktiviert zu sein braucht, wenn tatsächlich magnetische von nicht magnetischen Stoffen getrennt werden sollen und im übrigen bei herkömmlichen Lade- und Räumvorgängen ausgeschaltet bleiben kann, zumal aufgrund der Positionierung des Magnetes der Inhalt der Schaufel oder des Löffels nur unwesentlich verringert wird. Der Magnet ist zwischen der Innenwandund der Ladevorrichtung und einer Zwischenwand untergebracht, so dass er gegen Beschädigungen geschützt ist. Zweckmäßigerweise ist der Magnet in dem der Grundfläche gegenüberliegenden Bereich der Ladevorrichtung angeordnet, so dass er in unmittelbarer Nähe der Siebfläche positioniert ist, ohne deren Wirkung zum Aussortieren größerer und kleinerer Bruchstücke zu beeinträchtigen.It is expediently provided that the electromagnet can be regulated and / or controlled from the driver's cab of the loading and clearing device. In addition to the other operations, such as swiveling the bucket to strengthen the sieving action and the other processes of an excavator, the electromagnet can also be activated and deactivated from here, and the intensity of the magnetic action can also be regulated from there, if necessary. Due to the existing lines, such an excavator can also be easily retrofitted with the technology according to the invention. The invention is characterized in particular by the fact that a loading and clearing vehicle is created that is ideally suited for separating magnetic and non-magnetic residues. The sorting of the magnetic waste on the one hand and the non-magnetic waste on the other hand according to their size takes place in a combined operation with the reloading of the rubble. While coarser and finer components of the rubble are separated from one another due to the sieve-like design of the base of the charging device, metallic components are attracted to the magnet and remain on the charging device until the electromagnet is deactivated at a suitable point in due course. The electromagnet also offers the advantage that it only needs to be activated if magnetic and non-magnetic substances are actually to be separated and can otherwise remain switched off during conventional charging and clearing operations, especially because of the positioning of the magnet, the contents of the shovel or of the spoon is only slightly reduced. The magnet is housed between the inner wall and the loading device and an intermediate wall, so that it is protected against damage. The magnet is expediently arranged in the region of the loading device opposite the base surface, so that it is positioned in the immediate vicinity of the screen surface, without impairing its effect on sorting out larger and smaller fragments.
Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile des Erfindungsgegenstandes ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der zugehörigen Zeichnung, in der ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel mit den dazu notwendigen Einzelheiten und Einzelteilen dargestellt ist. Es zeigen:Further details and advantages of the subject matter of the invention emerge from the following description of the associated drawing, in which a preferred exemplary embodiment is shown with the necessary details and individual parts. Show it:
Fig. 1 ein Lade- und Räumfahrzeug in perspektivischerFig. 1 is a loading and clearing vehicle in perspective
Ansicht, Fig. 2 eine Ladevorrichtung in perspektivischer Ansicht,2 shows a loading device in a perspective view,
Fig. 3 eine weitere Ladevorrichtung in perspektivischerFig. 3 shows a further loading device in perspective
Ansicht und Fig. 4 eine zweiteilige Ladevorrichtung im Schnitt. In Fig. 1 ist ein Lade- und Räumfahrzeug 1 , hier ein Bagger 23 gezeigt. Auf dem Unterwagen 10 ist der schwenkbare Oberwagen 11 angeordnet. In dieser Ausführung ist der Bagger 23 als Kettenfahrzeug mit Ketten 15 ausgerüstet, wobei es sich ebenso um einen mit Rädern ausgebildeten Bagger oder einen Radlader handeln könnte. Hinter dem Führerhaus 17, von welchem neben den anderen üblichen Funktionen auch der der Ladevorrichtung 2 zugeordnete und hier hinter der Zwischenwand 8 verborgene Elektromagnet steuerbar ist, ist der Motorraum 16 sowie die Hydraulikmotor 24 für die hydraulischen Einrichtungen, insbesondere für die hier dargestellten Hydraulikzylinder 14b, 14c zu erkennen. Dem Oberwagen 11 sind die in diesem Fall drei Ausleger 12 a, 12 b, 12 c zugeordnet, durch deren Höheneinstellung über die Hydraulikzylinder 14 die dem letzten Ausleger 12 c zugeordnete Ladevorrichtung gesteuert wird. Das Schwenken der Ladevorrichtung, sollte diese mit einer siebartigen Grundfläche 5 ausgestattet sein, geschieht dadurch, dass der Oberwagen 11 gegenüber dem Unterwagen 10 verschwenkt wird, so dass eine rüttelartige Bewegung auf die Ladevorrichtung 2 ausgeübt wird, die die Siebwirkung in diesem Bereich unterstützt. Elektrische Leitungen 18, 18' dienen zur Versorgung des der Ladevorrichtung 2 zugeordneten Elektromagneten mit Strom, welcher vom Führerhaus 17 aktiviert und deaktiviert werden kann. Ein derartiger Elektromagnet läßt sich auch relativ unkompliziert nachrüsten, zumal der Inhalt der hier als Schaufel ausgebildeten Ladevorrichtung 2 nur unwesentlich beschränkt wird.View and Fig. 4 shows a two-part loading device in section. 1 shows a loading and clearing vehicle 1, here an excavator 23. The swiveling superstructure 11 is arranged on the undercarriage 10. In this embodiment, the excavator 23 is equipped as a tracked vehicle with chains 15, which could also be an excavator with wheels or a wheel loader. Behind the driver's cab 17, from which, in addition to the other usual functions, the electromagnet assigned to the charging device 2 and hidden here behind the intermediate wall 8 can also be controlled, is the engine compartment 16 and the hydraulic motor 24 for the hydraulic devices, in particular for the hydraulic cylinders 14b shown here. 14c. The superstructure 11 is assigned in this case three booms 12 a, 12 b, 12 c, the height adjustment of which is controlled by the hydraulic cylinders 14 and which is used to control the loading device assigned to the last boom 12 c. The pivoting of the loading device, should it be equipped with a sieve-like base area 5, is done by pivoting the uppercarriage 11 relative to the undercarriage 10, so that a vibrating movement is exerted on the loading device 2, which supports the sieving effect in this area. Electrical lines 18, 18 'serve to supply the electromagnet associated with the charging device 2 with current, which can be activated and deactivated by the driver's cab 17. Such an electromagnet can also be retrofitted relatively easily, especially since the content of the charging device 2, which is designed here as a blade, is only insignificantly limited.
Fig. 2 zeigt eine Ladevorrichtung 2, die mit dem äußersten Ausleger 12 c mittels im Bereich eines Gelenkes 26 gelenkig verbunden ist, so dass ein Schwenken der Ladevorrichtung 2 um die Horizontalachse 9 ermöglicht ist. Diese Schwenkbewegung um die Horizontalachse 9 dient in erster Linie dazu, Material mit der schaufei- oder löffelartig ausgebildeten Ladevorrichtung 2 aufzunehmen bzw abzugeben. Die Grundfläche 5, also die Fläche, auf der das Material bei Funktion der Ladevorrichtung 2 hauptsächlich zum Liegen kommt, ist hier mit Sieblöchern 19 dargestellt, so dass eine Sortierung der Bruchstücke ihrer Größe nach erfolgt. Dabei handelt es sich überwiegend um Bauschutt, also Beton-, Mauerwerks-, Kunststoff-, Holz- oder Metallreste. Um letztere aus dem Bauschutt auszusortieren, ist der Ladevorrichtung 2 ein auch in dieser Darstellung durch die Zwischenwand 8 verdeckter Elektromagnet zugeordnet, durch welchen diese magnetisch angezogen werden. Damit entfällt die bisher notwendi- ge Aussortierung der Metallteile in Form von Bewehrungen, Armierungen u. a. Teilen, indem diese durch den aktivierten Elektromagnet gegen die Schutzplatte 8, die Grundfläche 5 oder eine der beiden seitlichen Leitbleche 7 angezogen wird. Der Baggerführer kann dann an geeigneter Stelle, beispielsweise über einer Sammeleinrichtung, den Elektromagneten deaktivieren, so dass die zuvor angezogenen Metallreste sich von der Ladevorrichtung 2 lösen.FIG. 2 shows a loading device 2, which is articulated to the outermost boom 12 c by means of a joint 26, so that the loading device 2 can be pivoted about the horizontal axis 9. This pivoting movement about the horizontal axis 9 serves primarily to pick up or deliver material with the shovel-shaped or spoon-like loading device 2. The base area 5, that is to say the area on which the material mainly comes to rest when the loading device 2 functions, is shown here with sieve holes 19, so that the fragments are sorted according to their size. This is mainly building rubble, i.e. concrete, masonry, plastic, wood or metal residues. In order to sort the latter out of the building rubble, the charging device 2 is also assigned an electromagnet, which in this illustration is also covered by the intermediate wall 8, by means of which it is magnetically attracted. The previously necessary Ge sorting of the metal parts in the form of reinforcements, reinforcements and other parts by being attracted by the activated electromagnet against the protective plate 8, the base 5 or one of the two side guide plates 7. The excavator operator can then deactivate the electromagnet at a suitable point, for example via a collecting device, so that the metal residues previously attracted detach from the charging device 2.
Eine Ladevorrichtung 2 in einer anderen Form ist in Fig. 3 dargestellt, wobei diese Schaufeln zwei Kammern 26 und 26' aufweist, die zur Aufnahme von Material dienen. Im Bereich der Grundfläche 5 sind hier ebenfalls hinter den Zähnen 20 Sieblöcher 19 ausgebildet, die zur Sortierung des Bauschutts dienen. Im der Grundfläche 5 gegenüberliegenden Bereich 13 ist die Zwischenwand 8 zu erkennen, hinter der der Elektromagnet angeordnet ist und gegen die die Metallreste von diesem angezogen werden. Mit 21 ist der Anschluss für den äußeren Ausleger bezeichnet.A loading device 2 in another form is shown in FIG. 3, these blades having two chambers 26 and 26 'which serve to hold material. In the area of the base area 5, 20 screen holes 19 are also formed behind the teeth, which are used to sort the rubble. In the area 13 opposite the base area 5, the intermediate wall 8 can be seen, behind which the electromagnet is arranged and against which the metal residues are attracted by it. With 21 the connection for the outer boom is designated.
Im Schnitt zeigt Fig. 4 eine Ladevorrichtung 2, wobei der Elektromagnet 3 zu erkennen ist, der an der Innenwandung 4 der Ladevorrichtung fixiert ist. Der Elektromagnet 3 ist im der Grundfläche 5 gegenüberliegenden Bereich 13 der Schaufel angeordnet und durch die Zwischenwand 8 vor Beschädigung, insbesondere durch angezogene Metallreste, geschützt. Die Zwischenwand 8 ist der Wandung der Ladevorrichtung 2 entsprechend angeformt, so dass deren schaufelartige Ausbildung nicht eingeschränkt wird. Auch der Inhalt der Schaufel ist nur unwesentlich geringer als bei einer herkömmlichen. In dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 4 ist die Ladevorrichtung 2 zweiteilig ausgebildet, genauer gesagt besteht sie aus den beiden Schaufelhälften 2' und 2" , wobei letztere nur gestrichelt angedeutet ist.4 shows a charging device 2, wherein the electromagnet 3 can be seen, which is fixed to the inner wall 4 of the charging device. The electromagnet 3 is arranged in the area 13 of the blade opposite the base area 5 and is protected by the intermediate wall 8 against damage, in particular from attracted metal residues. The intermediate wall 8 is formed in accordance with the wall of the loading device 2, so that its shovel-like design is not restricted. The content of the bucket is also only slightly less than that of a conventional one. 4, the loading device 2 is formed in two parts, more precisely it consists of the two blade halves 2 'and 2 ", the latter being only indicated by dashed lines.
Alle genannten Merkmale, auch die den Zeichnungen allein zu entnehmenden, werden allein und in Kombination als erfindungswesentlich angesehen. All of the features mentioned, including those that can be seen in the drawings alone, are regarded as essential to the invention, alone and in combination.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Lade- und Räumfahrzeug (1) mit einem Unterwagen (10) und einem diesem gegenüber schwenkbaren Oberwagen (11), welcher über Ausleger (12) mit einer um eine Horizontalachse (9) schwenkbaren Arbeitseinheit mit zugeordnetem Elektromagnet (3) verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Arbeitseinheit eine als Baggerlöffel ausgebildete Ladevorrichtung (2) ist, in deren Innenraum der Elektromagnet (3) hinter einer ihn schützenden Zwischenwand (8) angeordnet ist, wobei die Grundfläche (5) des Baggerlöffels siebartig ausgebildet ist.1. loading and clearing vehicle (1) with an undercarriage (10) and an upper carriage (11) which can be pivoted relative thereto and which is connected via a boom (12) to a working unit with an associated electromagnet (3) which can be pivoted about a horizontal axis (9), characterized in that the working unit is a loading device (2) designed as an excavator bucket, in the interior of which the electromagnet (3) is arranged behind an intermediate wall (8) protecting it, the base area (5) of the excavator bucket being sieve-like.
2. Lade- und Räumfahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Elektromagnet (3) im der Grundfläche (5) bzw. dem Löffelmaul gegenüberliegenden Bereich (13) der Lade Vorrichtung (2) angeordnet ist.2. Loading and clearing vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnet (3) in the base (5) or the spoon mouth opposite region (13) of the loading device (2) is arranged.
3. Lade- und Räumfahrzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwischenwand (8) der Innenwandung (4) angeformt ausgebildet ist.3. Loading and clearing vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate wall (8) of the inner wall (4) is integrally formed.
4. Lade- und Räumfahrzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Baggerlöffel als einteilige Ladevorrichtung (2) ausgerüstet ist.4. Loading and clearing vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the excavator bucket is equipped as a one-piece loading device (2).
5. Lade- und Räumfahrzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Baggerlöffel als zweiteilige Ladevorrichtung (2, 2') ausgerüstet ist. 5. Loading and clearing vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the excavator bucket is equipped as a two-part loading device (2, 2 ').
6. Lade- und Räumfahrzeug nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Elektromagnet (3) vom Führerhaus (17) der Lade- und Räumen trichung (1) aus regelbar und/oder steuerbar und die Ladevorrichtung (2) rüttelnd und damit den Trennvorgang begünstigend bewegbar ausgebildet ist. 6. Loading and clearing vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electromagnet (3) from the driver's cab (17) of the loading and unloading direction (1) can be regulated and / or controlled and the loading device (2) shakes and thus the separation process is favorably movable.
PCT/DE2001/000899 2000-03-24 2001-03-07 Loader and bulldozer for sorting rumble WO2001073214A1 (en)

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