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WO2001020797A1 - Procede de generation de sequences pilotes inverses en duplex a repartition dans le temps - Google Patents

Procede de generation de sequences pilotes inverses en duplex a repartition dans le temps Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001020797A1
WO2001020797A1 PCT/CN2000/000152 CN0000152W WO0120797A1 WO 2001020797 A1 WO2001020797 A1 WO 2001020797A1 CN 0000152 W CN0000152 W CN 0000152W WO 0120797 A1 WO0120797 A1 WO 0120797A1
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Prior art keywords
sequence
reverse pilot
gold
time division
generating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2000/000152
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gengshi Wu
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
Priority to AU53863/00A priority Critical patent/AU5386300A/en
Publication of WO2001020797A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001020797A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04JMULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00Code division multiplex systems
    • H04J13/10Code generation
    • H04J13/102Combining codes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04JMULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00Code division multiplex systems
    • H04J13/0007Code type
    • H04J13/004Orthogonal
    • H04J13/0048Walsh

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to time division multiplexed communication, and more particularly to a reverse pilot sequence generation method for use in time division duplexing.
  • Time Division Duplex (TDD) mode the uplink transmission often occupies a common time-division pilot channel, enabling the base station to search for all user equipments (UEs) to be accessed during this period.
  • this uplink common pilot is similar to the preamble in frequency division duplex mode (FDD) during the access process.
  • FDD frequency division duplex mode
  • the base station searches for the largest correlation peak using the matching technique to find the current attempted access.
  • the user equipment and during this period, performs multipath search and channel estimation, thereby demodulating the related physical access channel and obtaining information of the user equipment to be accessed.
  • TDD time division duplex
  • Siemens broadband time division duplex
  • TD-SCDMA narrowband code division multiple access
  • the known Gold sequence set is used as the uplink pilot channel, and the base station identifies the Gold sequence sent by the user equipment through the matched filter. Thereby, the user equipment currently trying to access the base station is obtained.
  • UpPTS uplink pilots
  • the uplink pilot of the time division duplex (TDD) mode has a shorter time, and the number of short Gold sequences is small, resulting in insufficient available pilot sequences and the disadvantage of using the Gold sequence.
  • the m-sequence is used as the uplink pilot sequence, there is also a disadvantage that the cross-correlation is poor and the number of sequences is small.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for generating a reverse pilot sequence for time division duplexing in view of the above disadvantages of using the m or Gold sequence for piloting in time division duplexing.
  • the reverse pilot sequence generating method of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the Walsh sequence is extended in a repeated manner to obtain a sequence r;
  • step C multiplying the sequence r obtained in step A by the sequence r obtained in step B to obtain a codeword sequence h, and the codeword sequence h is used as a reverse pilot sequence.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the production method of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of TD-SCDMA.
  • Figure 3 - Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the change of the mutual change when the user equipment and the base station have different frequency offsets when the Gold sequence is used as the reverse pilot frequency.
  • FIG. 6 to FIG. 8 are schematic diagrams showing changes in cross-correlation when the user equipment and the base station have different frequency offsets when the h sequence generated by the present invention is used as the reverse pilot frequency.
  • the method of the present invention utilizes the properties of the above two, and the Walsh sequence is first extended in a repeated manner to obtain a sequence.
  • the repetition is to extend the Walsh sequence, that is, if the input is x and the number of repetitions is 4, then the output is ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇
  • the Walsh sequence is repeatedly generated to produce a sequence r of the same length as the m or Gold sequence.
  • the sequence k is generated by the m or Gold sequence; the sequence r is multiplied by the obtained sequence k to obtain the codeword sequence h, and the codeword sequence h is used as the reverse pilot sequence.
  • the m or Gold sequence may also be sampled by 2, and the 2 samples are extracted every two elements of the sequence, and the resulting sequence is output.
  • sequence of the m or Gold sequence separated by 2 samples is subjected to positive and negative spreading (indicated by "+-" in Fig. 1), that is, each element in the output sequence after the 2 samples is multiplied by + 1 And one, get two elements, and put these two elements back to the original element position, thus getting a new sequence k whose length is twice the original sequence.
  • sequence h of the positive and negative spread spectrum is multiplied by the sequence r, and the code word sequence h is also obtained, and the code word sequence h is used.
  • code word sequence h is used for the reverse pilot sequence.
  • the length of the Walsh sequence can be 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, etc., depending on the length of the desired pilot sequence, m or Gold sequences of different lengths can be taken.
  • m or Gold sequences of different lengths can be taken.
  • To generate a pilot sequence of length 64 it can be repeated four times with a Walsh sequence of length 16 to obtain an r sequence.
  • the characteristic sequence of the Gold sequence is 1 + ⁇ + ⁇ ⁇ 6 and 1 + ⁇ + ⁇ ⁇ 3 + ⁇ ⁇
  • One of the 64 Gold sequence sets constructed by the two small m sequences of 4+ ⁇ ⁇ 6 is selected, and the corresponding pilot sequence can be generated through the process shown in FIG.
  • the sequence r which is directly repeated by the Walsh sequence is directly multiplied by the m or Gold sequence to obtain the codeword sequence h, and the codeword sequence h is used as the reverse pilot sequence ( Please refer to Figure 1) for the method of this embodiment.
  • the structure in the figure is specified in TD-SCDMA, and the method generated by the present invention can be used in the time division duplex (TDD) protocol of TD-SCDMA, and the DwPTS in FIG. 2 is the former.
  • the GP is a handover protection time slot in the middle of the uplink and downlink transmission
  • the UpPTS is a reverse pilot sequence, wherein the length of the reverse pilot sequence is 64 chips.
  • the cross-correlation mean of these anti-propagation sequences is: 0 when the offset is 0, and within 1 code when the offset is ( 8 samples for one chip) 0.0144, the offset is 0.0271 when it is within 2 chips, and the offset is 0.0300 when it is within 3 chips.
  • the cross-correlation values of the pilot sequences are smaller than the cross-correlation values of the Gold sequence, especially when one chip is within, the recommended cross-correlation average of the sequence is 4 dB smaller than the cross-correlation value of the Gold sequence.
  • the pilot sequence of this nature is particularly suitable for synchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) systems.
  • the cross-correlation sequence generated by the method of the present invention changes with the frequency offset, and the cross-correlation energy changes when the frequency offset is 400 hz.
  • the output of the correlated energy basically kept a small value.
  • the sequence r obtained by repeating the Walsh sequence is multiplied by the sequence k generated by the m or Gold sequence, thereby obtaining a reverse pilot sequence. Therefore, the generation method of the reverse pilot sequence of the present invention has the following advantages as compared with the m or Gold sequence for time division duplexing:
  • the pilot sequence has a lower cross-correlation, and the average cross-correlation is less than 30db than the autocorrelation, especially within one chip, and the cross-correlation is reduced by 4db compared with the original Gold sequence. the above.
  • the base station can use various flexible detection methods, such as coherent accumulation, non-coherent accumulation, and differential detection, etc., without increasing the cross-correlation value.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Description

用于时分双工中的反向导频序列产生方法
技术领域
本发明涉及时分多路复用通信,更具体地指用于时分双工中的反向导频序列产生 方法。
背景技术
在时分双工(TDD)模式中, 上行发射经常要占用一个公用的分时导频信道, 使 基站能够在这个时段中搜索到所有准备接入的用户设备 (UE)。 事实上, 这个上行的公 用导频在接入过程中类似于频分双工模式中 (FDD)的前同步码序列 (preamble),基站用 匹配技术搜索最大的相关峰, 以发现当前试图接入的用户设备, 并且在这个期间进行 多径搜索、 信道估计, 从而解调后面相关的物理接入信道, 得到待接入用户设备的信 息。
目前第三代移动通信中主要有两种时分双工(TDD)模式, 分别是西门子提出的 宽带的时分双工 (TDD) 模式和中国提出的窄带码分多址 (TD— SCDMA) 模式。 这 两种模式都可以达到国际电信联盟 (ITU) 提出的第三代移动通信的标准 (M.1225)的 要求。
无论在宽带、 还是窄带的时分双工(TDD)模式进行导频的方式中, 都是用已知 的 Gold序列集作为上行的导频信道, 基站通过匹配滤波器识别用户设备发出的 Gold序 列, 从而得到当前试图接入基站的用户设备。
这种利用 Gold序列进行上行的导频, 虽然 Gold序列自相关性比较好, 但却存在如 下缺点:
a, 当多个用户设备同时发送上行导频 (UpPTS ) 时, 相互间由于 Gold序列存在 偏移时的互相关性, 会导致存在较大的干扰。
b,由于多普勒频移和移动台 (用户设备) 发射和基站接收间存在的晶振频偏, 导 致信道相移的存在, 也会加互相关值。
上述问题的存在最终都降低基站接收用户设备随机接入的质量。
另外, 时分双工 (TDD)模式的上行导频的时间较短, 而短 Gold序列数量少, 导 致导频序列的可用数量不够也是使用 Gold序列存在的缺点。 同时, 如果用 m序列作为上行导频序列也存在互相关性差、 序列个数少的缺点。 本发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述利用 m或 Gold序列在时分双工中进行导频方法中存在 的缺点, 提出一种用于时分双工中的反向导频序列产生方法。
为了实现上述目的, 本发明反向导频序列产生方法包括以下步骤:
A,将 Walsh序列经过重复的方式进行延长后得到序列 r;
B, 用 m或 Gold序列产生序列 k;
C, 将步骤 A得到的序列 r与步骤 B得到的序列 r相乘, 得到码字序列 h, 码字序列 h 就作为反向导频序列。
附图概述
图 1为本发明的产生方法示意图。
图 2为 TD— SCDMA的帧结构示意图。
图 3—图 5为用 Gold序列作为反向导频时,用户设备和基站存在不同频偏时的互相 关变化示意图。
图 6—图 8为用本发明产生的 h序列作为反向导频时, 用户设备和基站存在不同频 偏时的互相关变化示意图。
本发明的最佳实施方式
请参阅图 1所示, 由于 Walsh序列具有良好互相关性质和 m或 Gold序列具有自相关 性质, 本发明的方法是利用上述两者的性质, 先将 Walsh序列经过重复的方式进行延 长后得到序列, 重复是将 Walsh序列延长, 即如果输入是 x, 重复次数为 4, 则输出为 Χ,Χ,Χ,Χ Ο Walsh序列经过重复产生与 m或 Gold序列相等长度的序列 r。 同时用 m或 Gold 序列产生序列 k; 再将序列 r与得到的序列 k相乘, 从而得到码字序列 h, 码字序列 h就作 为反向导频序列。 在本发明中, 也可以对 m或 Gold序列进行隔 2抽样, 隔 2抽样是将序 列中的元素每隔两个提取一个, 并将得到的序列输出。
此后, 再对 m或 Gold序列隔 2抽样输出的序列进行正负扩频 (图 1中用 " +— " 表 示), 即, 将隔 2抽样后输出序列中的每一个元素分别乘以 + 1和一 1, 得到两个元素, 并将这两个元素放回原来元素的位置上, 因而得到一个长度是原来序列两倍的新序列 k。
最后将经正负扩频后的序列 h与序列 r相乘,则同样得到码字序列 h,码字序列 h就作 为反向导频序列。
一般来说, Walsh序列的长度可以取 16, 32, 64, 128, 256等, 根据所需的导频 序列长度的不同, 则可以取不同的长度的 m或 Gold序列。要产生长度为 64的导频序列, 可以用长度为 16的 Walsh序列重复四次, 得到 r序列, Gold序列用特征多项式为 1 + χ+χΛ6和 1 + χ+χΛ3+χΛ4+χΛ6的两个小 m序列构造而成的 64个 Gold序列集合中选择一 个, 经过如图 1所示的过程就可以产生相应的导频序列。
也可以将隔 2抽样和正负扩频同时省略, 直接用 Walsh序列进行重复后的序列 r直 接与 m或 Gold序列相乘, 得到码字序列 h,码字序列 h就作为反向导频序列 (该实施例的 方法请仍参看图 1 ) 。
请参阅图 2所示, 在 TD— SCDMA中规定了图中的结构, 用本发明产生的方法可 以用于 TD— SCDMA这种时分双工 (TDD) 的协议中, 图 2中的 DwPTS为前向导频序 列, GP为上行和下行发射中间的切换保护时隙, 而 UpPTS为反向导频序列, 其中反向 导频序列的长度为 64个码片。 二级小区配置中, 需要 19个前向导频序列和 19 X 8= 152 个反向导频序列。
我们用上述的两个 m序列构造了 64个 Gold序列, 可以求出所有 64个 Gold序列的无 相移时的相互平均规一化互相关为: 偏移为 0时为 0 , 偏移为 1个码片以内 (一个码片 的采样为 8 ) 时为 0.0228,偏移为 2个码片以内时为 0.0287, 偏移为 3个码片以内时为 0.0307。
以二级小区为例, 我们选择了 19个互相关较小的 Gold序列 (序列号为 4, 5, 9, 13, 14, 15, 17, 28, 29, 30, 32, 36, 48, 52, 55, 57, 58, 62, 63 ) 作为前向导 频序列。 同时我们用长度为 16的 Walsh序列, 从中选取 8个 Walsh (序列号为 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11 , 13 , 14) , 我们计算了这 19 X 8= 152个反向导频序列之间的互相关, 当没 有相移时, 这些反向导频序列的互相关平均值为: 偏移为 0时为 0, 偏移为 1个码以内 (一个码片的采样为 8 )时为 0.0144,偏移为 2个码片以内时为 0.0271,偏移为 3个码片以 内时 0.0300。
可以发现在三个码片以内, 建议导频序列的互相关值都小于 Gold序列的互相关 值, 特别是一个码片以内时, 建议的序列互相关平均值比 Gold序列的互相关值小 4dB, 因而这种特性的导频序列特别适于同步的码分多址 (CDMA) 系统。
请参阅图 3— 5所示, 从图 3— 5可以看出, 当用户设备 (UE) , 也即移动台和基 站间的频偏逐渐增大时, 表示了 8个序列号为 1, 9, 17, 25 , 33, 41, 49, 57的 Gold 序列互相能量的变化, 在 400hz、 800hz、 1200hz的情况下, 互相关能量也逐渐增大。
请再继续参阅图 6—图 8所示, 从这三幅图可以看出, 利用本发明的方法产生的反 向导频序列随着频偏变化时, 互相关能量变化, 当频偏为 400hz、 800hz、 1200时, 相 关能量的输出基本上都保持了很小的值。
从上述的图和比较可以看出, 即使码片相位完全对齐, 当存在较大的频差时, 我 们采用相干累加的方法检测上行导频序列, 原来的 Gold序列的平均互相关值会随频差 的变动而显著增加, 而本发明的方法的导频序列在频偏变化的情况下始终能够保持比 较理想的相关值。 因而, 多个用户设备 (UE)在用不同的导频序列同时接入时, 相互间 的影响很小, 有利于基站的接收。
工业应用性
本发明采用将 Walsh序列重复延长后的序列 r与 m或 Gold序列产生的序列 k相乘, 从而得到了反向导频序列。 因此, 用本发明的反向导频序列的产生方法与用于时分双 工的 m或 Gold序列相比, 具有以下优点:
1、 在没有相位旋转时, 该导频序列具有较低的互相关, 其平均互相关比自相关 小 30db以上, 特别是在偏移一个码片以内, 其互相关比原来的 Gold序列降低 4db以上。
2、 基站可以用各种灵活的检测方法, 例如相干累加, 非相干累加, 差分检测等 方法的使用都不会增加互相关值。
3、 可以组合出较多的相互正交的导频序列, 用本发明的产生方法在导频序列较 短特别有效;
4、 提高了基站接收用户设备随机接入的质量和基站的检测性能。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种用于时分双工中的反向导频序列产生方法, 其特征在于: 该方法包括以 下步骤:
A,将 Walsh序列经过重复的方式进行延长后得到序列 r;
B, 用 m或 Gold序列产生序列 k;
C, 将步骤 A得到的序列 r与步骤 B得到的序列 r相乘, 得到码字序列 h, 码字序列 h 就作为反向导频序列。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的用于时分双工中的反向导频序列产生方法, 其特征在于: 所述的序列 k的产生是通过以下方式进行,先对 m或 Gold序列进行隔 2抽样后输出; 再对 m或 Gold序列隔 2抽样输出的序列进行正负扩频;
3、 如权利要求 1所述的用于时分双工中的反向导频序列产生方法, 其特征在于: 所述的步骤 A中的重复的方式是将 Walsh序列延长为与 m或 Gold序列相等长度的 序列。
4、 如权利要求 2所述的用于时分双工中的反向导频序列产生方法, 其特征在于: 所述的对 m或 Gold序列进行隔 2抽样是将 m或 Gold序列中的元素每隔两个提取一 个。
5、 如权利要求 2所述的用于时分双工中的反向导频序列产生方法, 其特征在于: 所述的正负扩频是将隔 2抽样后的输出序列中的每个元素分别乘以 + 1和一 1得到 两个元素, 并将这两个元素放回原来的元素的位置上, 得到一个长度为原来输出序列 两倍的序列 k.。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的用于时分双工中的反向导频序列产生方法, 其特征在于: 直接用重复后的序列 r与 m或 Gold序列相乘, 则也可以得到码字序列 h,码字序列 h就作 为反向导频序列。
PCT/CN2000/000152 1999-09-16 2000-06-12 Procede de generation de sequences pilotes inverses en duplex a repartition dans le temps WO2001020797A1 (fr)

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AU5386300A (en) 2001-04-17
CN1289193A (zh) 2001-03-28

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