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WO2001008175A1 - Transformateur de distribution - Google Patents

Transformateur de distribution Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001008175A1
WO2001008175A1 PCT/BR2000/000082 BR0000082W WO0108175A1 WO 2001008175 A1 WO2001008175 A1 WO 2001008175A1 BR 0000082 W BR0000082 W BR 0000082W WO 0108175 A1 WO0108175 A1 WO 0108175A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transformer
voltage winding
shielding
voltage
oil
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/BR2000/000082
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Richard Sille
Fritz Sorg
Friedrich Alber
Original Assignee
Siemens Ltda.
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Alsina Navarro, Martin
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Ltda., Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Alsina Navarro, Martin filed Critical Siemens Ltda.
Publication of WO2001008175A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001008175A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F27/327Encapsulating or impregnating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/02Casings
    • H01F27/022Encapsulation

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a three-phase or single-phase soiid-msulation electric transformer for use in aerial distribution installations, on poles or platforms, or internal or submerged installations Description of the state of the art
  • transformers are used to able electric energy transformation into voltages and currents suitable for transportation from the generation location to the consumption regions
  • transformers For transmitting electric energy in long distances, which can be dozens, hundreds or thousands of kilometers, it is usual to raise the voltage by means of transformers, in order to reduce loss of power resulting from the electric resistance of the conducting cables
  • the transmission of electric energy is carried out in high voltage, as far as close to the consumption places, where, also by means of transformers, it is reduced down to the values suitable for the user's equipment
  • This reduction in the level of voltage is made at various steps, by using transformers that are located close to the centers of energy consumption
  • the physical installation of these transformers is usually made in the air, employing poles for fixation above the level of the ground at a distance of a few meters apart, for example in 4-meter intervals
  • the poles with the transformers are distributed along the streets of cities, close to residential buildings, commerce centers, schools and also along neighboring roads, land lots, farms, estates, etc
  • Transformers are designed and built to operate within a certain voltage range
  • the equipment may have problems with overheating, lack of insulation, burning of components, reduction of the working life, and even breaking. Therefore, the supply of electric energy with voltage values within those predetermined is of vital importance for the operation and to the security of the equipment and users, the maximum and minimum limits of voltage variation being defined by the standard specifications
  • distribution transformers In distributing electric power in towns and cities or in rural areas, one has been using so far distribution transformers, the features of which, for instance in Brazil, are defined by Standard ABNT NBR 5440 and NBR 5356.
  • These distribution transformers which are widely used, are oil transformers, where the active part of which is submerged in mineral oil and contained inside a tank.
  • a transformer is basically built of high-voltage windings, low-voltage windings, iron core for circulation of the magnetic flow, connections between the windings, connections between the windings and the connection terminals, all of these components being housed by a metal tank and submerged in oil.
  • Bushings are used to make the connection of the internal components to the external connection terminals through the tank.
  • Transformers in insulating liquid have therefore the tank, which contains the active part of the transformer and the insulating oil.
  • the oil has the function of an electrically insulating element between the parts under voltage of the transformer and the tank together with the other materials that remain impregnated with oil, usually based on cellulose, as for example "presspan”.
  • the oil has also the function of a cooling element, transmitting and conveying the heat produced in the windings and in the core to the cooling surfaces of the tank and radiators.
  • the internal pressure of the tank may rise as a consequence of an internal defect, overload or else an external defect.
  • the rise in internal pressure may cause the explosion of the tank, either preceded by fire or not, with the risk of material and human damages.
  • the oil transformers have to be provided with security devices, according to the standards, which can reduce but not eliminate the risks.
  • This type of transformers need constant maintenance, requiring periodic inspection for checking the oil level and its condition. Thus, if, during this checking, the level of the oil is found to be low, this indicates the occurrence of leakage. This reduction of the level of the oil beyond permissible levels may impair the electric insulation and, consequently, the insulation of the transformer. A change in the characteristics of the oil beyond those foreseen may indicate degradation of the oil, contamination, entry of moisture or deviation in the operation of the transformer and may impair its functioning.
  • the mounting of the oil transformer is necessarily carried out in vertical direction, and there is no possibility of mounting it in another position, meeting the correct level of the oil.
  • the sealed distribution transformers are subject to mixture of air with the oil, to a greater or lesser extent, depending upon the movement of the transformer while it is transported.
  • This air-oil mixture results in that the transformer cannot be immediately energized, and so it is necessary to ensure that possible air bubbles produced during the transportation will not be present, since such bubbles in the insulating oil may cause internal electric discharge and damages in the transformer while it is energized or later.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide a dry distribution transformer suitable for external use, to be installed outdoors, with electric features equivalent to those of oil-bath transformers, but without the risk of contaminating the environment, without the risk of explosion, virtually without the need for maintenance, with saving in the transportation of the equipment and in its installation, more speed in installation and with the possibility of immediate energizing, in addition to overcoming the problems resulting from the use of oil-bath transformers.
  • a distribution transformer comprising a high voltage winding, a low voltage winding, both wound around the core, the transformer having the electric insulation between the low voltage winding and the high voltage winding, and a shielding of solid insulation, the shielding being grounded.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of a transformer according to the present invention, showing an embodiment for use outdoors;
  • Figure 2 is a view of the transformer illustrated in figure 1 , showing an embodiment for use with plug-in terminal;
  • Figure 3 is a partial cross-section view of the transformer illustrated in figures 1 and 2, according to a further embodiment
  • Figure 4 is a partial cross-section view of another embodiment of the transformer illustrated in figures 1 , 2, and 3;
  • Figure 5 is a partial cross-section view of an embodiment of the shielding of the transformer of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a partial view of another embodiment of the transformer of figure 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a partial view of another configuration of the shielding of the transformer of the present invention. Detailed description of the invention
  • the present invention consists of a three-phase or single-phase solid- insulation electric distribution transformer for use in aerial distribution installations on poles or platforms, or else for internal or submerged installations.
  • a transformer 20 is basically composed of a high-voltage winding and a low- voltage winding 1 , both wound around an iron core 3.
  • Figures 3 - 7 illustrate the more usual configurations of the low and high voltage windings 1 , 2.
  • Figures 3, 5, and 7 illustrate a sandwich-like arrangement of windings, that is to say, a high-voltage winding 2 flanked by pair of low-voltage windings 1 .
  • Figures 4 and 6 illustrate another type of construction, in which a single winding of each type is positioned side by side.
  • Wound-type or stacked-type cores may also be used.
  • the transformer of the present invention should have the insulation, which is now liquid, replaced with a solid material 6.
  • the solid insulating material 6 insulates electrically the space between the low-voltage winding 1 and the high-voltage winding 2, as well as the space between these windings and the shielding 4 of the transformer 20
  • the preferred material used for making the solid insulation 6 should be epoxy resin, but it may also be another polymeric or non-polymeric material, with or without the use of intermediate materials, provided that they meet the same requirements of technical characteristics of the preferred material
  • the shielding 4 should be incorporated in the outer surface of the insulating material 6, so that no free space with air will remain between the windings 1 , 2 or else between the windings 1 , 2 and the shielding 4, thus providing an optimum insulation between the these elements
  • the shielding 4 consists of an electrically conducting material having a determined resistivity that makes uniform the potential on the surface of the sets of coils
  • the material of the shielding 4 does not provide the generation of significant currents, due to the fact that the shielding forms a turn, since it presents a high resistance of the turn itself
  • the high and low voltage terminals 10, 11 , and 8, 12 are at the end of the corresponding bushings 7 and 21 of insulating surface At the interface between the ground shielding 4 and the insulating surface of the bushings 7 and 21 , shielding- finish rings 16 and 17 are provided
  • this also enables the installation of the transformer 20 in any position and further does not present the problem of bubble formation in the insulation, which occurs in oil transformers. Since the set of windings 1 , 2 is externally shielded, the shielding 4 connected to the ground 5, it follows that the difference in electric potential between the high- voltage winding 2 and the ground of the transformer is the same as the difference in electric potential of the high-voltage winding 2 and the shielding 4.
  • connection of the low-voltage winding 1 and the high-voltage winding 2 with the electric network is made by means of standardized electric terminals.
  • the connections should be made preferably according to Brazilian Standards NB 5449 and NBR 5356.
  • the terminals allow the connection by connectors 8, 10 connected to the low-voltage 1 and high-voltage windings, these terminals being of the same shape as those used at present and indicated in the standards, so as to enable one to replace an oil-bath transformer used at present by a solid-insulation transformer of the present invention.
  • the high-voltage terminal 10 is allocated at the end of a solid insulation as a bushing 7 with surface electric distances suitable for the installation in an external environment.
  • the high-voltage bushing 7, as well as the prolongation as a low-voltage bushing 21 should be encapsulated together with the coils, with the insulation 6 providing a dry transformer 20, sealed and free from interference from the external environment.
  • the transformer 20 may be provided with a high-voltage terminal 1 1 or a low- voltage terminal 12 or both, suitable for receiving the plug-in-type connector described in standard ANSI/IEEE Std. 386. This type of construction may be used for installations in external or internal environments.
  • the transformer 20 may be provided with a panel
  • the panel 14 is allocated in the end portion of the high-voltage bushing 7, the electric connection between the panel 14 and the high-voltage winding 2 being made by means of the connection 15, which is passed through said bushing 7.
  • the cavity of the bushing 7 is also filed with the solid insulating material 6, providing insulation of the connection 15.
  • the core 3 should be covered by an anticorrosion protection, so that its durability in the transformer 20 will be longer when the latter is used in an external environment or even submerged.
  • the transformer 20 has a very favorable thermal behavior, by virtue of the fact that the heat originated in the windings 1 , 2 from the losses is directly transferred to the air.
  • the total mass of the insulation is part of the thermal constant of the windings, which imparts to them a high thermal time constant, thus enabling the application of high surcharges of short duration.
  • the transformer 20 may have a mechanical structure 9 that enables one to fix it mechanically on the supports (not shown), where oil-bath transformers are installed at present, enabling one to replace it with dry transformer 20 of the present invention, without the need for expensive modifications in the fixation structure.
  • An advantage of the dry transformer of the present invention is that it is lighter in weight and smaller in volume than the oil-bath transformer, which facilitates its handling, transportation and installation.
  • the transformer 20 of the present invention one can make variations in the shielding, in specific cases of application.
  • a terminal of the high-voltage winding 2 is connected directly to the ground, without any returning wire to the power-generating circuit, and it is not necessary to wrap it with the shielding 4 in the region close to this ground terminal, since its electric field is then grounded.
  • the shielding 4 will only wrap the high-voltage winding 2 and the low-voltage winding 1 in the portion where the high-voltage bushing 7 is located, maintaining the same technical conditions described in the main embodiment.
  • This solution may be employed in the embodiment of the transformer 20 with the windings in sandwich arrangement. In this situation, the low- voltage winding 1 may or may not have a grounded terminal, depending upon the conditions.
  • a grounded shielding 4 which wraps the high-voltage winding 2, thus avoiding this problem.
  • the shielding 4 will wrap only the high-voltage winding 2, and this solution may be employed in any one of the embodiments of the transformer 20. Since a few preferred embodiments have been described, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention includes other possible variants and is limited only by the contents of the accompanying claims, including the possible equivalents.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Regulation Of General Use Transformers (AREA)
  • Transformers For Measuring Instruments (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un transformateur de distribution électrique à isolation solide triphasé ou monophasé, destiné à être utilisé dans des installations de distribution aériennes, sur des poteaux ou des plates-formes, ou dans des installations internes ou submergées. L'invention porte sur un transformateur de distribution sèche (20) destiné à être utilisé en plein air, dont les fonctions électriques sont équivalentes à celles des transformateurs à bain d'huile, mais en évitant les risques de contamination de l'environnement et les risques d'explosion, en ayant peu recours à la maintenance, en réalisant des économies sur le transport et l'installation de l'équipement, et en accélérant le processus de cette dernière. Ainsi, l'excitation peut se produire immédiatement et les problèmes résultant de l'utilisation de transformateurs à bain d'huile peuvent être résolus. Ces objectifs sont atteints grâce à l'utilisation d'un transformateur de distribution (20) comprenant un bobinage haute tension (2), un bobinage basse tension (1) enroulé autour d'un noyau (3), le transformateur (20) présentant une isolation électrique solide entre le bobinage basse pression (1), le bobinage haute pression (2) et un blindage (4) relié à la masse (5).
PCT/BR2000/000082 1999-07-22 2000-07-21 Transformateur de distribution WO2001008175A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BRPI9902887-5 1999-07-22
BR9902887-5A BR9902887C1 (pt) 1999-07-22 1999-07-22 Trasformador de distribuição
BRC19902887-5 2000-05-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001008175A1 true WO2001008175A1 (fr) 2001-02-01

Family

ID=4072854

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/BR2000/000082 WO2001008175A1 (fr) 1999-07-22 2000-07-21 Transformateur de distribution

Country Status (5)

Country Link
AR (1) AR024704A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9902887C1 (fr)
CO (1) CO5300382A1 (fr)
UY (1) UY26254A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001008175A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2075806A1 (fr) 2007-12-27 2009-07-01 Elettromeccanica di Marnate S.p.A. Transformateur à isolation en résine de type sèche avec enroulements primaires côte à côte isolés
WO2011126991A1 (fr) * 2010-04-07 2011-10-13 Abb Technology Ag Transformateur sec extérieur
EP3001437A1 (fr) * 2014-09-29 2016-03-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système d'exécution
WO2017153115A1 (fr) * 2016-03-08 2017-09-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ensemble enroulement muni d'une traversée de type enfichable
DE102017220782A1 (de) 2017-11-21 2019-05-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Transformator zur Befestigung an einem Mast eines Energieverteilungsnetzes
CN117079441A (zh) * 2023-10-16 2023-11-17 合肥工业大学 一种基于变电站变压器物理状态的火灾预警方法

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE652644C (de) * 1932-05-10 1937-11-13 Koch & Sterzel Akt Ges Wandler fuer Hochspannung
US3368175A (en) * 1966-04-08 1968-02-06 Gen Electric Voltage lead entrance for encapsulated electrical devices
DE2115063A1 (de) * 1971-03-25 1972-10-05 Siemens Ag Spannungswandler
DE2826266A1 (de) * 1978-06-15 1979-12-20 Transformatoren Union Ag Mehrphasentransformator mit in giessharz eingebetteten wicklungen
JPS6194313A (ja) * 1984-10-15 1986-05-13 Toshiba Corp 樹脂モ−ルド形変圧器の製造方法
GB2236216A (en) * 1989-09-12 1991-03-27 Luminaire Dev Ltd Transformer and connector assembly
WO1998010447A1 (fr) * 1996-09-04 1998-03-12 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Transformateur haute tension/basse tension a isolation seche thermoplastique
JPH118134A (ja) * 1997-06-13 1999-01-12 Makoto Yamamoto 受電設備用トランス

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE652644C (de) * 1932-05-10 1937-11-13 Koch & Sterzel Akt Ges Wandler fuer Hochspannung
US3368175A (en) * 1966-04-08 1968-02-06 Gen Electric Voltage lead entrance for encapsulated electrical devices
DE2115063A1 (de) * 1971-03-25 1972-10-05 Siemens Ag Spannungswandler
DE2826266A1 (de) * 1978-06-15 1979-12-20 Transformatoren Union Ag Mehrphasentransformator mit in giessharz eingebetteten wicklungen
JPS6194313A (ja) * 1984-10-15 1986-05-13 Toshiba Corp 樹脂モ−ルド形変圧器の製造方法
GB2236216A (en) * 1989-09-12 1991-03-27 Luminaire Dev Ltd Transformer and connector assembly
WO1998010447A1 (fr) * 1996-09-04 1998-03-12 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Transformateur haute tension/basse tension a isolation seche thermoplastique
JPH118134A (ja) * 1997-06-13 1999-01-12 Makoto Yamamoto 受電設備用トランス

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 010, no. 272 (E - 437) 16 September 1986 (1986-09-16) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1999, no. 04 30 April 1999 (1999-04-30) *

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2075806A1 (fr) 2007-12-27 2009-07-01 Elettromeccanica di Marnate S.p.A. Transformateur à isolation en résine de type sèche avec enroulements primaires côte à côte isolés
CN108335880A (zh) * 2010-04-07 2018-07-27 Abb瑞士股份有限公司 室外干式变压器
US9640314B2 (en) 2010-04-07 2017-05-02 Abb Schweiz Ag Outdoor dry-type transformer
KR101820644B1 (ko) * 2010-04-07 2018-01-22 에이비비 슈바이쯔 아게 실외 건식 변압기
CN103026432A (zh) * 2010-04-07 2013-04-03 Abb技术有限公司 室外干式变压器
EP2556521B1 (fr) 2010-04-07 2018-05-30 ABB Schweiz AG Transformateur sec d'extérieure
WO2011126991A1 (fr) * 2010-04-07 2011-10-13 Abb Technology Ag Transformateur sec extérieur
EP3001437A1 (fr) * 2014-09-29 2016-03-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système d'exécution
US11295886B2 (en) 2016-03-08 2022-04-05 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Winding arrangement having a plug-in bushing
WO2017153115A1 (fr) * 2016-03-08 2017-09-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ensemble enroulement muni d'une traversée de type enfichable
CN108885934A (zh) * 2016-03-08 2018-11-23 西门子股份公司 具有插塞套管的绕组装置
CN115620992A (zh) * 2016-03-08 2023-01-17 西门子能源全球有限公司 具有插塞套管的绕组装置
DE102017220782A1 (de) 2017-11-21 2019-05-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Transformator zur Befestigung an einem Mast eines Energieverteilungsnetzes
WO2019101458A1 (fr) 2017-11-21 2019-05-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Transformateur destiné à être fixé à un mât d'un réseau de distribution d'énergie
US11587714B2 (en) 2017-11-21 2023-02-21 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Transformer for fastening to a mast of an energy distribution network
CN117079441A (zh) * 2023-10-16 2023-11-17 合肥工业大学 一种基于变电站变压器物理状态的火灾预警方法
CN117079441B (zh) * 2023-10-16 2024-03-12 合肥工业大学 一种基于变电站变压器物理状态的火灾预警方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR9902887C1 (pt) 2001-03-20
CO5300382A1 (es) 2003-07-31
BR9902887A (pt) 2001-01-09
UY26254A1 (es) 2001-03-16
AR024704A1 (es) 2002-10-23

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