WO2000054930A2 - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a machine tool which is simple and inexpensive to produce but which can be configured very variably and can be fitted with various machine modules (24, 25, 31). In addition, despite good chip removal properties, the inventive machine tool is suited to a simple energy supply which is relatively unsusceptible to interference, especially for the lower machine modules. The inventive machine tool has a bed (1', 1''') on which guides (5) are located for bearing machine modules (24, 25, 31) and is characterised in that said bed is a portal bed (1'', 1''') which is elevated on at least one bed foot (3).

Description

 Machine tool

I. Field of application

The invention relates to a machine tool, for example a lathe.

II. Technical background

Such machine tools usually have a bed on which the individual machine modules, for example one or more tool carrier systems, one or more workpiece carrier systems, measuring units, loading and unloading devices, etc. are arranged.

For this reason, the bed must be designed to be as stable as possible, since this is the only way to achieve high machining accuracy of the workpieces produced on the machine tool.

In order to be able to move the machine modules in the longitudinal direction of the bed, the Z direction, guideways are arranged on the bed, on which these machine modules run.

Different bed shapes are known, for example, lathe beds, sloping beds, vertical and overhanging beds, etc. However, the beds are usually flat on the surface or on a base plate.

The different bed shapes serve on the one hand to achieve a good drainage of the chips produced during processing, and on the other hand to achieve the highest possible stability of the bed, especially from a dynamic point of view.

A problem is also the energy supply of the machine modules guided in the front area of such beds, which in turn have motors, for example for driven tools, movement of the tool carrier unit, eg. B. a tool turret etc. Here, the energy supply of the low-lying machine modules arranged below the machining position is particularly critical, since their energy supplies, which can be flexibly configured because of the longitudinal displacement, are in the area of the chip fall.

III. Presentation of the invention

a) Technical task

It is therefore an object according to the invention to provide a machine tool which, despite the simple and inexpensive possibility of manufacture, permits a very variable configuration and equipping of the machine tool with machine modules and, moreover, despite simple chip removal, permits simple and less trouble-prone power supply, in particular of the lower machine modules . b) solving the problem

This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments result from the subclaims.

By elevating the bed to a portal bed, in particular on only two feet at the ends of the bed, any type of energy supply and in virtually any amount can be led across under the bed and moved in the longitudinal direction together with the machine modules that supply it become. This avoids restrictions as to whether and which machine modules are used on the lower part of the bed, in particular below the processing position.

Such an elevation was previously precluded by the prejudice that a machine tool achieves better machining results, the more stable the bed and the substructure supporting the bed, in particular to vibrations. For this reason, beds have so far generally been placed over the entire surface or on many contact points with respect to the subsurface.

Because the bed is raised so high that the lower front edge of the portal bed is approximately at the chest level of the operator standing in front of it, a headstock can also be guided along the portal bed, either on its front or on its underside, at this height, which means that tool unit guided on the underside is very good and low-pollution accessible for energy supply and without the machining position on the other side, e.g. B. the center of rotation of a lathe is too high for the operator standing in front of the machine, even if the processing position is in the lower height area of the bed, in particular in the lower half, because in the lower area, in particular guided on the underside lower tool support or the headstock is provided. The fact that the portal bed has an approximately rectangular cross-section, at least at right angles to one another, carrying the individual guideways, outer sides, in particular underside and front side, makes the bed easy and inexpensive to machine. By guideways running exclusively in the Z direction and using identical guideways, further cost reductions can be achieved on the one hand and on the other hand the individual machine models can be placed on different guideways. For this reason, all guideways in both transverse directions (X and Y direction) to the direction of displacement (Z direction) are designed to be form-fitting, in particular engaging behind.

In addition, the portal bed has through openings which are continuous in the longitudinal direction and are open on both sides and which can likewise be used to pass lines, in particular energy supply lines, from one end of the machine to the other. In the case of production from plastic or a concrete-plastic mixture, the through openings generally consist of a plurality of, in particular, circularly arranged, circular through openings; when the portal bed is made from cast steel, the through openings generally remain between the surrounding, circumferential outer shell and the ribs formed integrally therewith so two or four large hollow chambers. The height of the portal bed is 1, 0 to 1, 5 times as high as the depth of the portal bed, in particular square, and guides are preferably arranged only on the underside and front, namely on the underside a pair of guides and at least on the front a pair of guides.

No guideways are preferably arranged on the upper side in order to be able to accommodate energy supplies there.

At best, a guideway could still be arranged on the front edge of the upper side, whereby, however, the upper front edge of the bed would only be slightly gripped by a machine module. To protect the guideways from contamination, telescopic covers are preferably arranged in the longitudinal direction, which preferably always cover a pair of guideways together, for example the pair of guideways arranged on the underside.

The bed feet are preferably not part of the bed, but separate parts. The portal bed is preferably on a base plate, which is designed as a welded construction, and the bed feet are preferably welded constructions, which are screwed onto the base plate or are integrally formed with it. It must be possible to move the bed relative to the load-bearing assembly, for example the base plate, due to thermal expansion of the bed in the machining operation, for example by corresponding play of the screw connections.

On such a base plate, behind the bed of the machine tool are preferably also the required switch cabinets and energy supply devices such as hydraulic and pneumatic pumps and the like, and also a loading and unloading system for the machine is either attached to this base plate or directly on the front of the machine bed. The control cabinets and energy supply devices can be placed as close as possible to the back of the bed or at such a large distance from it that a service aisle is created, from which maintenance and repair work is carried out from the rear of the machine Can observe the machine in operation.

The additional devices, i.e. control cabinets and energy supply devices, can preferably be mounted on the bed or the base plate with the help of an auxiliary construction, a so-called control cabinet frame, and optionally in the position that is as close as possible or spaced apart to achieve the service corridor, depending on the available installation space at User. In all cases, the machine is transported in the fully assembled state, that is to say as a so-called hook machine, but preferably with the approximate position of the additional units on the bed, in that the bed with all the auxiliary units and machine modules located thereon, for. B. is lifted on the crane hook, and only after the installation, the additional units brought into the position spaced from the bed.

In addition, in the approximate position between the control cabinets, which are generally arranged over the entire longitudinal extent of the machine, and the back of the bed, there must still be sufficient space for power supply lines there, for example cable towing devices. Cable towing devices, which supply the tool modules with energy, are arranged in particular at the level of the upper edge of the portal bed.

The chips are removed by means of a chip conveyor, which is arranged at a corresponding depth directly in front of the front of the machine bed. For this purpose, a suitable sheet is attached between the uprights of the bed above the base edge.

A portal bed that is very uniform in terms of the stability of the bed due to its rectangular shape with identical, parallel Z-guides can be used for different machine structures:

A preferred embodiment is the design as a lathe, in which in particular the headstock and possibly the additional tailstock are guided on the underside of the portal bed, while machine modules, usually tool slide systems, are guided on the front and also on the underside.

While in the conventional design the spindle axis is directed in the Z direction, a transverse arrangement, for example in the vertical direction (X direction) can be selected, especially if the headstock is guided along the guideways on the top of the portal bed.

Forming as a milling machine with a tool holder in the upper area of the front of the portal bed is also possible, with milling units which are guided along the guideways of the upper side. If the unit carrying the workpiece is additionally longitudinally guided in the lower region of the portal bed, the longitudinal guides of the upper region of the front are additionally available for tool modules, measuring modules or the like. This also allows the machine to be shaped as a mixed milling / turning machine, i.e. both with tool modules that are pure milling modules, i.e. also with tool modules that correspond to those of a lathe, i.e. carry a tool turret with turning tools and, if necessary, additional driven tools.

c) working examples

An embodiment according to the invention is described in more detail below with reference to the figures. Show it:

Fig. 1: a lathe according to the invention in side view, with control cabinets arranged close to the bed of the machine, and

Fig. 2: another lathe in side view.

As shown in FIG. 2, the portal bed 1 "is raised against the ground, namely here the base plate 2, by means of two bed feet 3, which, viewed in the Z direction, are below the two longitudinal ends of the portal bed 1", and in the depth direction (Y Direction) of the bed preferably extend over the entire depth. The portal bed 1 "is a stable beam with cavities, in particular through openings 6 'in the longitudinal direction, and in the solution according to FIGS. 1 and 2 consists of concrete or a plastic-concrete mixture.

On the underside 9 and the front 8 of the upright, square cross section of the portal bed 1 ", 1 '", guideways 5a to 5d are arranged, specifically a first pair (5a, 5b) on the underside, close to the front and at the rear edge of the underside 9, and two guide tracks 5c, 5d on the front side 8, the uppermost one being arranged near the upper edge and the lowest one near the lower edge. The distance between the guideways of a pair is preferably the same.

The through openings 6 'are of approximately square cross-section, and four through openings are arranged square to the center of the bed, so that the remaining material thicknesses at the top, at the bottom and between the through openings are approximately the same size, and also at the front 8 and rear 13. The individual guideways 5 are each identical, and so are the guiding shoes 16 running on the guideways. While the guideways extend over substantially the entire length (Z direction) of the portal bed 1 ", 1 '", namely over the entire intended range of motion machine modules running on it, each machine module generally has in the longitudinal direction only at the beginning and at the end a guide shoe 16 which runs on the corresponding guide track 5. The guideways 5 and the guide shoes 16 running thereon, which are generally designed as roller guide shoes, are each formed in a form-locking manner in the other two spatial directions (X and Y direction), which offers the advantage that all longitudinal guides are of identical design , regardless of the direction in which gravity acts with respect to the guideway 5.

Between the guideways used in pairs are channel-shaped depressions 10 running in the longitudinal direction in the corresponding outer sides the portal bed 1 ", 1"'arranged to provide space for the threaded spindles 33, with the help of which the machine modules running on the guides are driven in the Z direction.

Known cable towing devices 17a, 17b are arranged on the rear side 13 and the top side 7 of the portal bed 1 ", 1" 'in order to track the energy lines to the machine products which are movable in the longitudinal direction. Of the individual links, U-shaped curved cable towing devices is - for. B. in the upper device 17b - one free end assigned to the portal bed 1 ", 1" 'near its rear edge, the other end, however, to the upper tool support. A separate cable towing device is assigned to each individual tool unit.

In the case of the rear cable towing device 17a, the upper end is assigned to the lower tool unit at a height which is close to the underside of the portal bed 1 ", 1" ', so that the power lines to be passed on from this lower end of the cable towing device 17a then between the underside of the portal bed 1 ", 1 '" and the base, in this case the base plate 2, that is to say in the height region of the bed feet, can be guided to the bottom 9 and the lower longitudinally movable machine unit running there.

The machine of FIGS. 1 and 2 has the following equipment as machine modules: An upper tool support, consisting of an upper longitudinal slide 28a and an upper transverse slide 29a movable thereon in the X direction, runs on the two guide tracks 5c and 5d of the front 8, which in turn has one Tool turret 31 carries.

The headstock 24, in which the workpiece (not shown) can be rotatably held and driven with the aid of a chuck 27 on the center of rotation 20, can either be arranged fixedly on the portal bed 1 ", 1"'or can also be displaced along the guideways 5a, 5b be guided at the bottom. A lower tool support, namely a longitudinal slide 28b, is also guided on the two lower guide tracks 5a, 5b of the underside 9 of the portal bed 1 ", 1 '", on the transverse guides of which a cross slide 29b can be moved in the Y direction, which carries a tool turret 31 whose tools can work on the workpiece.

In the present case of FIGS. 1 and 2, the axes of rotation of the tool turret 31 are parallel to the Z direction in all tool units.

As shown in FIG. 1, different covers are present on the machine tool: On the one hand, a working space cover 22 covering the entire working space on the front side, which (not shown) can be opened in the longitudinal direction, optionally only on the front side, only on the top side or on both.

The working space is delimited at the rear by guiding covers 11a, 11b, which are arranged there and are arranged in front of the pairs of guideways 5 and thus the portal bed 1 ", 1 '", in order to keep the dirt occurring in the working space from the guideways 5.

The portal bed 1 ", 1" 'is arranged by means of the bed feet 3 on a base plate 2, which in turn can be adjusted exactly horizontally by means of base plate feet 4 on the base. Above the front upper edge of the base plate 2 there is a bevel sloping forward, for example a baffle, and the portal bed 1 ", 1" 'is so far forward on the base plate 2 that its front 8 is already arranged above this bevel 14 . This facilitates the downward chip drop directly into the chip conveyor 15, which is arranged directly in front of the base plate.

While the substantially square portal bed 1 "with its outer surfaces is oriented perpendicularly or horizontally in FIG. 2, the likewise approximately square portal bed 1""of FIG. 1 is tilted in contrast. The foremost to Operator-oriented point of the cross-section of the portal bed 1 '"is its front lower edge. The front side 8 rises slightly towards the rear, while the lower side 9 slopes slightly towards the rear, with a tilt of 5 ° -15 ° deviating from the vertical or horizontals.

In addition, in FIG. 1 the X-axis of the lower support does not face the X-axis of the upper support at an angle of 180 °, but is inclined downward by approximately 30 °, for example. The X-axis of the lower support runs almost vertically for this.

This results in a smaller cantilever of the lower tool support in Y and also a somewhat smaller cantilever of the headstock 24, with an improved chip fall downwards.

In both figures, the machine tools have a loading and unloading system 37, the gripper of which is shown schematically above the upper tool turret 31 and can be moved there in the Z and X directions in such a way that it can at least move to the center of rotation 20 by one replace existing workpiece.

In addition, this rail design also offers the advantage - in addition to the generally known loading options from the front, from the side and from above - that it can also be loaded from below by passing under the raised bed, and thus transversely to the Z direction, in generally horizontally, a gripper or a transport device for workpieces and / or tools to be delivered and delivered can be provided (not shown). On the one hand, this is a very economical, on the other hand, a user-friendly and fast loading and unloading option. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 ", 1 '" portal bed 26 quill

2 base plate 27 chuck

3 bed feet 35 28a, 28b upper longitudinal rail

Base plate feet 28c lower longitudinal rail

5 guide frames 29a, 29b upper cross rail

6, 6 'through opening 29c lower cross rail

7 top 30 cross guides

8 Front 40 31 tool turret

9 bottom 32 power line

10 recesses 33 threaded spindle

11a, 11 b, 11c guide cover 34 service gear

12a, 12b intermediate covers 35 cutter head

13 rear side 45 36 measuring head

14 Bevel 37 Loading and unloading system

15 chip conveyor 16 guide shoe 17 cable towing devices

18 control cabinets

19 Power supply devices 0 Center of rotation 1 Control cabinet frame 2 Work area cover 3 Catwalk 4 Headstock 5 Tailstock

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Machine tool with a bed on which guides for carrying machine modules are arranged, characterized in that the bed is a portal bed (1 ", 1" ') raised on at least one bed foot (3). 2. Machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the portal bed (1 ", 1 '") on at least two in its longitudinal direction (Z direction) spaced bed feet (3), in particular at the ends of the portal bed (1 ", 1 '") are arranged in the Z direction, is raised. 3. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the space under the portal bed (1 ", 1" ') between the bed feet (3) is freely accessible transversely to the Z direction and in particular for the energy supply from the back of the portal bed (1 ", 1 '") for the machine module guided on the underside (7). 4. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the machine modules can in particular be tool slide systems, headstock, tailstock, and are arranged on the guideways (5) fixedly or displaceably in the Z direction. 5. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portal bed (1 ", 1"') has guide tracks (5) running exclusively in the Z direction. 6. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portal bed (1 ", 1 '") transverse to the Z direction has a rectangular, in particular upright, cross-section. 7. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bed feet (3) are so high that the underside (9) of the portal bed (1 ", 1 '") is at least at the breast level of the operator above the ground and that Portal bed has guide tracks (5) running in the longitudinal direction at least on its front side (8) and its underside (9). 8. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portal bed (1 ", 1 '") has a square cross section. 9. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rectangular cross section of the portal bed (1 ", 1 '") compared to a position in which the front (8) is vertical and the underside (9) is horizontal by 5 - 20 °, preferably tilted back by 8 - 13 °, so that there is a front (8) sloping downwards towards the front. 10. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the underside (9) two longitudinally extending guideways (5a, 5b) are arranged, which are in particular positioned close to the front and rear end of the underside (9). 11. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portal bed (1 ", 1 '") with its upper side (7) and / or its underside (9) is arranged parallel to the base plate and in particular standing vertically. 12. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portal bed (1 ", 1 '") is stable in itself and is dimensioned self-supporting even when equipped with machine modules. 13. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portal bed (1 ", 1" ') consists of plastic and / or concrete and / or a mixture of both materials or cast steel. 14. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portal bed has at least two through openings (6, 6 ') continuously in the Z direction. 15. Machine tool according to claim 14, characterized in that these through openings (6, 6 ') are used to pass energy supply lines in the longitudinal direction. 16. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all on the portal bed (1 ", 1 '") arranged in the Z-direction guideways (5) are identical guideways and in particular over the entire length of the portal bed (1 " , 1 '") extend. 17. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portal bed has at least on its underside (8) and on its front side (8) extending in the longitudinal direction guideways (5). 18. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the front side (8) at least two longitudinally extending guideways (5c - 5d) are arranged, of which in particular the top and the bottom of the guideways of the front (8) near the The upper edge or lower edge of the portal bed (1 ", 1" ') are arranged. 19. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper side (7) has no guideways. 20. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portal bed (1 ", 1 '") is formed in one piece and the guideways (5) are in particular screwed onto the portal bed (1 ", 1'"). 21. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide tracks (5) are guide cross sections, in particular with a mushroom-shaped cross section, equipped with positive engagement in both transverse directions to the Z direction. 22. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portal bed (1 ", 1 '") by means of the bed feet (2) stands on a base plate (2), which in addition, in particular, control cabinets, energy supply devices conditions such as hydraulic and pneumatic pumps and in particular an automatic loading and unloading system (37) for workpieces and / or tools. 23. Machine tool according to claim 22, characterized in that the automatic loading and unloading system (37) is attached directly to the portal bed (12). 24. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bed feet (3) are integrally formed together with the base plate (2). 25. Machine tool according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the bed feet (3) are separate components. 26. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the attachment of the portal bed (1 ", 1" ') relative to the bed feet (3) and / or the base plate (2) permits relative displacements, in particular in the Z direction and to this horizontal transverse direction (Y direction). 27. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a chip conveyor (15) is arranged directly in front of the base plate (2). 28. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the machine modules are guided along the guides (5) running in the Z direction with the aid of guide shoes (16), in particular ball guide shoes, which positively engage around the guide tracks (5) and one have a shorter length than the longitudinal extent of the machine module. 29. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that along the rear side (13) of the portal bed (1 ", 1 '") at least one cable towing device (17a) for tracking cables in the Z direction is arranged, which two has free ends pointing in the Z direction, one of which is fixedly arranged with respect to the portal bed and the other is fixedly arranged with respect to the machine module to be supplied, and via the cables guided in this cable drag device (17a) one on the two guideways (5a, 5b) the bottom (9) guided machine module, in particular a lower tool support, is supplied with energy. 30. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a cable towing device (17b) is arranged in the upper region, in particular on the upper side (17b) of the portal bed (1 ", 1 '"). 31. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control cabinets (18) and / or energy supply devices (19) and further auxiliary units on the base plate (2) are arranged so far apart from the rear side (13) of the portal bed that an intermediate step is possible during the operation of the machine tool. 32. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the machine tool is a lathe. 33. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the machine tool is a lathe and has a tailstock (25) by means of a mechanical element in the Z direction along it load-bearing longitudinal guides (5c, 5d) is driven and its quill is biased to the tailstock housing, in particular is biased by a spring and the tailstock has no further energy supply. 34. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the machine tool has a loading device whose transport direction, in particular its transport device, extends under the portal bed (1 ", 1 '"), in particular transversely to the Z direction, in particular in the horizontal. 35. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transport device of the loading and unloading device is connected to the base plate (2).