WO2000015005A1 - An insulated thin film heater - Google Patents
An insulated thin film heater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000015005A1 WO2000015005A1 PCT/DK1999/000466 DK9900466W WO0015005A1 WO 2000015005 A1 WO2000015005 A1 WO 2000015005A1 DK 9900466 W DK9900466 W DK 9900466W WO 0015005 A1 WO0015005 A1 WO 0015005A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic
- glass
- layer
- intercalated
- thin film
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
- H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
- H05B3/748—Resistive heating elements, i.e. heating elements exposed to the air, e.g. coil wire heater
Definitions
- the invention relates to a domestic cooktop heater of the type comprising an electrically insulating substrate connected to a thin film electrical heater.
- a domestic cooktop heater of the above type may be made of a (typically) glass- ceramic substrate joined to a thin film electric heater.
- This film heater may be either deposited onto the substrate, printed onto it or just brought into intimate contact with it.
- the heater transfers heat to the substrate by conduction (it is not desired that the contact be so loose that radiation is involved), and in turn the substrate transfers heat to the cooking utensil.
- heater comprises a dielectric material having the requisite insulating properties at the operating temperature which is applied to the glass-ceramic, and the thin film heater is deposited onto the dielectric layer.
- the dielectric material is adhered to the glass-ceramic, effectively filling the unevennesses in the glass-ceramic surface and providing a smooth surface for the film heating element even though
- the top surface of the glass ceramic may present protrusions or dimples. In this arrangement, the heat conduction through the dielectric material is large.
- the lower surface of the glass-ceramic is provided with a large number of minute protrusions, thereby effectively increasing the contact area between the glass-ceramic and the dielectric layer.
- the dielectric layer and the glass-ceramic is intercalated with a heat-conductive substance which displays flow characteristics characteristics to effectively fill any voids. This means that this layer may take up any stresses occuring due to different thermal expansion.
- the substance of the intercalated layer is metallic.
- a metallic layer may be deposited directly onto the glass-ceramic, and the dielectric layer is then brought into intimate contact with the metallised surface of the glass-ceramic as above.
- the intercalated metallic layer has a perforated structure permitting the absorption of thermal stresses.
- the intercalated metallic layer is connected to ground.
- the intercalated metallic layer may be deposited by any known means, and its terminal may be brought out on the far side of the heating element, permitting a ground connection at a safe distance from the heating element which carries the mains voltage
- Fig 1 shows a section through the essential layers of the invention, i e the glass ceramic with its irregularities at the bottom, the dielectric layer, and the film heater layer
- Fig 2 shows a section through an embodiment employing an intermediate, void- filling layer
- Fig 3 shows a section through an embodiment employing an intercalated metal layer which is grounded
- Fig 4 shows a section through an embodiment in which the metal layer is in the form of a perforated metal foil
- the glass ceramic layer in practice has a thickness which is several orders of magnitude larger than the thickness of the dielectric and film layers indicated
- the glass ceramic in order to increase the contact area between the glass ceramic having a zero thermal expansion coefficient and the dielectric the glass ceramic is advantageously prepared so that it has a vast number of small protrusions at its lower side, irrespective of any profiling or other surface treatment of the top surface Increasing the surface area combined with the angles created with respect to the average surface will contribute to increasing the adhesion between the surfaces
- the dielectric layer is provided in any industrially economical manner, however there is no need to obtain a flatness which is greater than that required for the following deposition of the thin film heater
- the dielectric layer only has an insulating function with respect to high voltage, and this must not be obtained at the expense of increased thermal resistance
- the dielectric layer has sufficient heat transfer properties, it will not only conduct heat from the heater to the glass ceramic but will also distribute heat "sideways" and thus contribute to an even temperature distribution.
- Fig. 2 is shown an embodiment in which it is not the dielectric layer which has to comply with the surface irregularities but an intercalated void-filling layer.
- a layer may be optimised for this property and for heat conduction, and hence the dielectric layer may be optimised with respect to its electrical insulating properties.
- the surface presented to the deposition of thin film will be absolutely flat.
- Fig. 3 is shown an embodiment in which a metallic layer is performing a bridge between the glass ceramic and the dielectric layer.
- the metallic layer is required to be able to conduct to ground any leakage current passing through the dielectric layer in case it suffers a local breakdown.
- the conductivity of the metallic layer must be such that the potential on the upper side of the hot glass ceramic will be below ca. 40 V. This applies in the situation where this potential is obtained as a voltage division between the impedances constituted of a person and the metallic ' layer.
- the metallic layer is constituted of a metal foil which is perforated (shown as a broken solid curvaceous line).
- a metal foil will be able to carry a heavier leakage current to ground than a thinly deposited layer, and also perforation is simpler to carry out as a process separate from deposition.
- the same function may be obtained by means of a metal mesh, and the process of manufacture of this type of layer may be by means of sputtering, screen-printing, woven metal threads or punching from a metal foil.
- a further advantage associated with a metal mesh is that the capacitive coupling between the film heater and the ground plane will be much lower than with a continuous ground plane, because the electrode area will be significantly smaller when a mesh is used.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention addresses the problem of insulating a glass-ceramic so that no dangerous voltages occur due to heat-provoked increasing conductivity of the glass-ceramic when it is connected to a mains supply. By intercalating a suitable stress-absorbing layer it is possible to deposit a stable insulating layer.
Description
thinspc
An insulated thin film heater.
The invention relates to a domestic cooktop heater of the type comprising an electrically insulating substrate connected to a thin film electrical heater.
A domestic cooktop heater of the above type may be made of a (typically) glass- ceramic substrate joined to a thin film electric heater. This film heater may be either deposited onto the substrate, printed onto it or just brought into intimate contact with it. When it is energised, the heater transfers heat to the substrate by conduction (it is not desired that the contact be so loose that radiation is involved), and in turn the substrate transfers heat to the cooking utensil.
Existing glass-ceramic is known to be electrically conductive at the operating temperature, and since the user may touch a metallic cooking utensil or even the surface, it is necessary to provide an electrical insulation between the electrically heated film and the cooktop surface. At the operating temperature IEC regulations set a minimum break-down voltage requirement at 3750V AC (or 1250V AC if a grounded connection is interposed between the film and the cooking utensil). A film heater in this construction must hence comprise a specific electrically insulating layer.
Various solutions have been proposed in the past, however, no solution is presently available commercially for bonding any known high temperature electrical insulator to a glass-ceramic substrate with the capability to withstand thermal cycling from 20°C to 400°C providing a commercial life-time for the cooktop. The thermal coefficient of expansion of a glass-ceramic is near zero, and this puts a heavy requirement for any material it is desired to adhere to such a substrate. It should either present a similar low thermal coefficient of expansion or tolerate the resulting stresses. Under no circumstances must cycling provoke cracks in the glass-ceramic.
According to the invention, heater comprises a dielectric material having the requisite insulating properties at the operating temperature which is applied to the glass-ceramic, and the thin film heater is deposited onto the dielectric layer. The dielectric material is adhered to the glass-ceramic, effectively filling the unevennesses in the glass-ceramic surface and providing a smooth surface for the film heating element even though The top surface of the glass ceramic may present protrusions or dimples. In this arrangement, the heat conduction through the dielectric material is large.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the lower surface of the glass-ceramic is provided with a large number of minute protrusions, thereby effectively increasing the contact area between the glass-ceramic and the dielectric layer.
In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the dielectric layer and the glass-ceramic is intercalated with a heat-conductive substance which displays flow characteristics characteristics to effectively fill any voids. This means that this layer may take up any stresses occuring due to different thermal expansion.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, the substance of the intercalated layer is metallic. Such a metallic layer may be deposited directly onto the glass-ceramic, and the dielectric layer is then brought into intimate contact with the metallised surface of the glass-ceramic as above.
In a further advantageous embodiment the intercalated metallic layer has a perforated structure permitting the absorption of thermal stresses.
In a further advantageous embodiment the intercalated metallic layer is connected to ground. This has the distinct advantage that according to IEC the demands on the insulating properties of the dielectric layer are considerably reduced, because the construction now fulfils the condition of grounding. The intercalated metallic layer may be deposited by any known means, and its terminal may be brought out
on the far side of the heating element, permitting a ground connection at a safe distance from the heating element which carries the mains voltage
The invention will be described in detail in the following with reference to an example and drawings, in which
Fig 1 shows a section through the essential layers of the invention, i e the glass ceramic with its irregularities at the bottom, the dielectric layer, and the film heater layer
Fig 2 shows a section through an embodiment employing an intermediate, void- filling layer,
Fig 3 shows a section through an embodiment employing an intercalated metal layer which is grounded, and
Fig 4 shows a section through an embodiment in which the metal layer is in the form of a perforated metal foil
In all the figures, the glass ceramic layer in practice has a thickness which is several orders of magnitude larger than the thickness of the dielectric and film layers indicated As shown in Fig 1, in order to increase the contact area between the glass ceramic having a zero thermal expansion coefficient and the dielectric the glass ceramic is advantageously prepared so that it has a vast number of small protrusions at its lower side, irrespective of any profiling or other surface treatment of the top surface Increasing the surface area combined with the angles created with respect to the average surface will contribute to increasing the adhesion between the surfaces The dielectric layer is provided in any industrially economical manner, however there is no need to obtain a flatness which is greater than that required for the following deposition of the thin film heater The dielectric layer only has an insulating function with respect to high voltage, and this must not be obtained at the expense of increased thermal resistance However, in case the dielectric layer has sufficient heat transfer properties, it will not only conduct heat
from the heater to the glass ceramic but will also distribute heat "sideways" and thus contribute to an even temperature distribution.
In Fig. 2 is shown an embodiment in which it is not the dielectric layer which has to comply with the surface irregularities but an intercalated void-filling layer. Such a layer may be optimised for this property and for heat conduction, and hence the dielectric layer may be optimised with respect to its electrical insulating properties. In this case, the surface presented to the deposition of thin film will be absolutely flat.
In Fig. 3 is shown an embodiment in which a metallic layer is performing a bridge between the glass ceramic and the dielectric layer. The metallic layer is required to be able to conduct to ground any leakage current passing through the dielectric layer in case it suffers a local breakdown. The conductivity of the metallic layer must be such that the potential on the upper side of the hot glass ceramic will be below ca. 40 V. This applies in the situation where this potential is obtained as a voltage division between the impedances constituted of a person and the metallic ' layer.
In Fig. 4 is shown that the metallic layer is constituted of a metal foil which is perforated (shown as a broken solid curvaceous line). A metal foil will be able to carry a heavier leakage current to ground than a thinly deposited layer, and also perforation is simpler to carry out as a process separate from deposition. The same function may be obtained by means of a metal mesh, and the process of manufacture of this type of layer may be by means of sputtering, screen-printing, woven metal threads or punching from a metal foil.
A further advantage associated with a metal mesh is that the capacitive coupling between the film heater and the ground plane will be much lower than with a continuous ground plane, because the electrode area will be significantly smaller when a mesh is used.
Claims
1. A domestic cooktop heater of the type comprising an electrically insulating substrate connected to a thin film electrical heater characterised in that it further comprises a dielectric material having the requisite insulating properties at the operating temperature which is applied to the glass-ceramic, and the thin film heater is deposited onto the dielectric layer.
2. A cooktop according to claim 1, characterised in that the lower surface of the glass-ceramic is provided with a large number of minute protrusions,
3. A cooktop according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the dielectric layer and the glass-ceramic is intercalated with a heat-conductive substance which displays flow characteristics to effectively fill any voids.
4. A cooktop according to claim 3, characterise in that the substance of the intercalated layer is metallic.
5. A cooktop according to claim 4, characterised in that the intercalated metallic layer has a perforated structure permitting the absorption of thermal stresses
6. A cooktop according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the intercalated metallic layer is connected to ground.
7. A cooktop according to claim 5 and 6, characterised in that the intercalated metallic layer is in the form of a metal foil.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU54085/99A AU5408599A (en) | 1998-09-03 | 1999-09-03 | An insulated thin film heater |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DKPA199801115 | 1998-09-03 | ||
| DKPA199801115 | 1998-09-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2000015005A1 true WO2000015005A1 (en) | 2000-03-16 |
Family
ID=8101183
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DK1999/000466 WO2000015005A1 (en) | 1998-09-03 | 1999-09-03 | An insulated thin film heater |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU5408599A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000015005A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10110793A1 (en) * | 2001-03-06 | 2002-10-02 | Schott Glas | Ceramic cooking system with glass ceramic plate, insulation layer and heating elements |
| DE10242481C1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2003-12-04 | Schott Glas | Glass ceramic hob comprises low-expansion sintered glass ceramic containing specified high percentage of cordierite in main crystal phase |
| FR2848289A1 (en) * | 2002-12-05 | 2004-06-11 | Schott Glas | Oven chamber, has heated partition of glass or vitro ceramic material with metallic conducting layer, supported by lateral guides |
| DE10110792B4 (en) * | 2001-03-06 | 2004-09-23 | Schott Glas | Ceramic cooking system with glass ceramic plate, insulation layer and heating elements |
| DE10207515B4 (en) * | 2002-02-22 | 2004-12-02 | Schott Ag | Cooking system with a cooking surface and a holder |
| WO2005055663A1 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2005-06-16 | Schott Ag | Heating device, in particular ceramic hob and method for producing a device of this type |
| WO2008047199A2 (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2008-04-24 | Inglass S.P.A. | Ceramic or glass cooktop with integrated heater |
| ES2388866A1 (en) * | 2009-10-01 | 2012-10-19 | BSH Electrodomésticos España S.A. | Cooking hob with a metallicly covered cover plate. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3694622A (en) * | 1971-01-07 | 1972-09-26 | Ralph L Bentley | Heater |
| US3869596A (en) * | 1973-09-28 | 1975-03-04 | Safeway Products Inc | Cookware heater |
| US4032750A (en) * | 1976-03-26 | 1977-06-28 | General Electric Company | Flat plate heating unit with foil heating means |
| DE3105065A1 (en) * | 1981-02-12 | 1982-08-19 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Glass-ceramic hotplate |
| DE4109569A1 (en) * | 1991-03-22 | 1992-09-24 | Buchtal Gmbh | Electric heating plate for cooking hob - has metal plate with printed conductor pattern beneath thermally conductive cover layer |
| US5252809A (en) * | 1991-02-26 | 1993-10-12 | Lapin-Demin Gmbh | Panel heating element and process for its production |
| US5508495A (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1996-04-16 | Yahav; Shimon | Domestic cooking apparatus |
| DE19711541A1 (en) * | 1997-03-20 | 1998-09-24 | Ako Werke Gmbh & Co | Electric hotplate |
| EP0951202A2 (en) * | 1998-04-17 | 1999-10-20 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Cooking plate with electrically conductive ceramic plate |
-
1999
- 1999-09-03 WO PCT/DK1999/000466 patent/WO2000015005A1/en active Application Filing
- 1999-09-03 AU AU54085/99A patent/AU5408599A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3694622A (en) * | 1971-01-07 | 1972-09-26 | Ralph L Bentley | Heater |
| US3869596A (en) * | 1973-09-28 | 1975-03-04 | Safeway Products Inc | Cookware heater |
| US4032750A (en) * | 1976-03-26 | 1977-06-28 | General Electric Company | Flat plate heating unit with foil heating means |
| DE3105065A1 (en) * | 1981-02-12 | 1982-08-19 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Glass-ceramic hotplate |
| US5508495A (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1996-04-16 | Yahav; Shimon | Domestic cooking apparatus |
| US5252809A (en) * | 1991-02-26 | 1993-10-12 | Lapin-Demin Gmbh | Panel heating element and process for its production |
| DE4109569A1 (en) * | 1991-03-22 | 1992-09-24 | Buchtal Gmbh | Electric heating plate for cooking hob - has metal plate with printed conductor pattern beneath thermally conductive cover layer |
| DE19711541A1 (en) * | 1997-03-20 | 1998-09-24 | Ako Werke Gmbh & Co | Electric hotplate |
| EP0951202A2 (en) * | 1998-04-17 | 1999-10-20 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Cooking plate with electrically conductive ceramic plate |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10110793A1 (en) * | 2001-03-06 | 2002-10-02 | Schott Glas | Ceramic cooking system with glass ceramic plate, insulation layer and heating elements |
| DE10110792B4 (en) * | 2001-03-06 | 2004-09-23 | Schott Glas | Ceramic cooking system with glass ceramic plate, insulation layer and heating elements |
| DE10207515B4 (en) * | 2002-02-22 | 2004-12-02 | Schott Ag | Cooking system with a cooking surface and a holder |
| DE10242481C1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2003-12-04 | Schott Glas | Glass ceramic hob comprises low-expansion sintered glass ceramic containing specified high percentage of cordierite in main crystal phase |
| FR2848289A1 (en) * | 2002-12-05 | 2004-06-11 | Schott Glas | Oven chamber, has heated partition of glass or vitro ceramic material with metallic conducting layer, supported by lateral guides |
| WO2005055663A1 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2005-06-16 | Schott Ag | Heating device, in particular ceramic hob and method for producing a device of this type |
| WO2008047199A2 (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2008-04-24 | Inglass S.P.A. | Ceramic or glass cooktop with integrated heater |
| WO2008047199A3 (en) * | 2006-10-18 | 2008-07-10 | Inglass Spa | Ceramic or glass cooktop with integrated heater |
| ES2388866A1 (en) * | 2009-10-01 | 2012-10-19 | BSH Electrodomésticos España S.A. | Cooking hob with a metallicly covered cover plate. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU5408599A (en) | 2000-03-27 |
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