[go: up one dir, main page]

WO1999051918A1 - Ventilation system - Google Patents

Ventilation system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999051918A1
WO1999051918A1 PCT/SE1999/000565 SE9900565W WO9951918A1 WO 1999051918 A1 WO1999051918 A1 WO 1999051918A1 SE 9900565 W SE9900565 W SE 9900565W WO 9951918 A1 WO9951918 A1 WO 9951918A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
heat
cooling battery
cooling
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1999/000565
Other languages
French (fr)
Swedish (sv)
Inventor
Örjan GÖTMALM
Original Assignee
ABB Fläkt AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Fläkt AB filed Critical ABB Fläkt AB
Priority to AU38577/99A priority Critical patent/AU3857799A/en
Priority to EP99921339A priority patent/EP1068476A1/en
Publication of WO1999051918A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999051918A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
    • F24F3/1423—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant with a moving bed of solid desiccants, e.g. a rotary wheel supporting solid desiccants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/1458—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification using regenerators
    • F24F2003/1464—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification using regenerators using rotating regenerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/1016—Rotary wheel combined with another type of cooling principle, e.g. compression cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/1032—Desiccant wheel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/104—Heat exchanger wheel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/1056—Rotary wheel comprising a reheater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/1056—Rotary wheel comprising a reheater
    • F24F2203/106—Electrical reheater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/1068—Rotary wheel comprising one rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/1084—Rotary wheel comprising two flow rotor segments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an installation for dehumidification of a gas. More particularly, the invention relates to a ventilation system for treatment of air to a plurality of spaces enclosed in a building or the like. In particular, the invention relates to a ventila- tion system on ships or other installations at sea, so- called offshore installations. The invention relates especially to an air-treatment installation arranged in such a system.
  • Spaces onboard a ship are normally ventilated by means of fresh air which is filtered and treated such that it provides the desired temperature and humidity.
  • a supply-air fan ensures that fresh air is sucked in and is pressed further in a system of ducts.
  • an exhaust-air fan ensures that exhaust air is sucked back through an exhaust duct and released into the open.
  • the supply air and the exhaust air pass, separate from each other, through a rotating hygroscopic heat exchanger, a so-called enthalpy wheel, which is arranged to transfer moisture and heat from one of the systems of ducts to the other system of ducts.
  • the supply air is also given the desired properties such as purity, the proper temperature, the necessary pressure, the proper humidity, etc.
  • the air-treatment installation comprises inter alia devices for cooling, heating and moistening the supply air.
  • the fresh air which is needed to create sufficient ventilation, normally only constitutes a minor part of the air volume which is supplied to the spaces of the ship.
  • the remaining part which constitutes about 70%, is used for balancing thermal and cooling loads.
  • the maximum air volume is often determined by the cooling requirement when operating in tropical waters .
  • the free air is here very warm and contains a considerable amount of moisture.
  • the air is cooled down whereby the so-called dew point is passed and condensation occurs .
  • the air is allowed to pass through a cooling battery, on the cold surfaces of which the water condenses and runs off.
  • the cooling battery is supplied with a cooling agent of about 5-15 degrees Celsius (°C) .
  • As cooling agent there may be used a cooling liquid of the type water, salt solution, glycol water or the like, as well as an evaporated agent.
  • an air treatment installation serves a plurality of cabins and other spaces through a branched system of ducts for supply and exhaust air. All the spaces are thus supplied with the same treated air in spite of the fact that the different rooms may have a very varying need of comfort and cooling requirement.
  • a comfort level with a uniform temperature of about 22-24 C should be offered under all circumstances and in all climates.
  • the air treatment is arranged such that the admitted fresh air is cooled down such that condensed water may be separated. Thereafter, the cooled supply air is transported in a duct which serves a plurality of spaces. The air is then tempered such that each space which is served by the duct is given a sufficiently cool environment. It is thus the space which has the greatest cooling requirement - which is normally determined by the highest thermal load - that dimensions the temperature of the departing supply air.
  • the air ducts have to be insulated and provided with a diffusion barrier where it passes through spaces where the surrounding air is hotter than that in the duct.
  • One reason for this is that the air in the duct shall not be heated too much.
  • a so-called hot-air system separation of condensed water is performed in the same way as above. Thereafter, the air is heated to comfort level and is transported to a plurality of spaces through uninsulated ducts .
  • the temperature of the departing supply air is in this case dimensioned by that individual space which has the smallest cooling requirement, which is normally determined by the lowest thermal load.
  • individual after- cooling of the air is required.
  • An advantage with this ventilation system is that the supply air may be trans- ported in uninsulated ducts, which saves both weight and space.
  • a disadvantage is, however, the energy waste which occurs by first cooling the air, then heating the air and finally after-cooling the air.
  • the object of the present invention is to achieve a dehu- midification system which is more energy-saving than prior art systems. More particularly, the invention seeks to suggest ways of creating a ventilation system which dehu- midifies the air in a more cost-efficient way than hitherto known systems.
  • the ventilation system shall permit the use of uninsulated and thus less space- demanding ducts, which includes a weight reduction and a greater economic yield from the available building volume.
  • This object is achieved according to a first aspect of the invention of an air-treatment installation according to the characteristic features described in the characterizing portion of the independent claim 1 and with a method according to the characteristic features described in the characterizing portion of the independent claim 6.
  • the objects are achieved with a dehumidification plant according to the characteristic features described in the characterizing portion of the independent claim 8 and with a method according to the characteristic features described in the characterizing portion of the independent claim 9.
  • Advantageous embodiments are described in the characterizing portions of the dependent claims.
  • the air treatment installation according to the invention comprises a bypass-coupled heat-exchange system by means of which heat may be extracted from the passing air at a first point and again be supplied to the air at a second point.
  • This second point may be placed upstream or downstream in relation to the first point.
  • a device for supply or removal of heat from the air flow is arranged between the first point and the second point.
  • the air, without any external energy addition, for a short distance is temporarily cooled in order, for example, to be dehumidified, whereupon the air is again supplied with the separated heat.
  • the described function is desirable and energy- saving.
  • the reverse function may instead be of use.
  • the air treatment installation according to the invention may also comprise an energy-recovery system in the form of a so-called enthalpy wheel, which is adapted to transfer moisture and heat between supply air and exhaust air in the installation.
  • an enthalpy wheel is thus placed between the two interconnected heat exchangers .
  • both heat and moisture are transferred between exhaust air and supply air with a typical efficiency of 70-80 % by causing the enthalpy wheel to rotate at a certain speed.
  • the heat exchangers which are bypass-connected on either side of the enthalpy wheel may, in this connection, be used for apparently creating a different working situation for the enthalpy wheel.
  • the heat which is normally transferred simultaneously with the moisture may thus be eliminated by utilizing the interconnected heat exchangers in such a way that, for example, relatively colder (e.g. 18 C, RH 35%) outdoor air is allowed to lower the air temperature after the air has passed through the first exchanger, the enthalpy wheel and finally the second exchanger.
  • relatively colder e.g. 18 C, RH 35%) outdoor air is allowed to lower the air temperature after the air has passed through the first exchanger, the enthalpy wheel and finally the second exchanger.
  • the supply air may be moistened by moisture from the exhaust air (e.g. 25 C, RH 60%) without suffering the increase in temperature which would normally result from the heat transferred with the moisture.
  • heat may be removed from the air flowing through the enthalpy wheel and then again be supplied to the air after the enthalpy wheel.
  • the enthalpy wheel is thereby given a working situation whereby only moisture is transferred. This causes the total efficiency of the air treatment installation to increase.
  • the air-treatment installation belonging to a ventilation system comprises a supply-air system 1 and an exhaust-air system 2, which are interconnected by an energy-recovery system 3.
  • This is exemplified in the figure by a so-called enthalpy wheel.
  • Two filled arrows in the figure shows the direction of flow of the exhaust air and two unfilled arrows show the direction of flow of the supply air.
  • the air-treatment installation according to the figure shows only the core in a complete ventilation system for, for example, a ship. Thus, the system may, at both ends, be connected to a system of ducts, not shown.
  • the exhaust-air system shows in the direction of flow first a filter 4, then a sound attenuator 5, an empty space 6, the enthalpy wheel 3 and finally an exhaust fan 7.
  • the supply-air system shows in the direction of flow a damper flap 8, a filter 9, a first heat exchanger 10, an empty space 11, the enthalpy wheel 3, an empty space 12, a cooling battery 13, an empty space 14, a second heat exchanger 15 and finally a supply-air fan 16.
  • the term cooling battery here refers, in a broad sense, to an apparatus which, in a gas flowing through, is capable of supplying or removing heat from an external system.
  • the first heat exchanger 10 is connected to the second heat exchanger 15 in a closed system via a conduit 17.
  • a medium flows which transports energy from the first heat exchanger 10 to the second heat exchanger 15, or the reverse.
  • the interconnected heat exchangers thus permit energy to be obtained from the air at a first point and be supplied to the air again at a second point upstream or downstream of the first point. This makes it possible, among other things, to reduce the temperature and the water content of the incoming fresh air such that an efficient dehumidification may be achieved.
  • the fresh air In tropical waters the fresh air is hot and moist. The fresh air must therefore be both cooled and dehumidified to be able to ventilate the spaces of a ship with good comfort. The air must then be so cooled and dehumidified that it is able to absorb and transport away, for example, moist and heat emitted in the cabins. In typical situations in tropical waters, the ratio between the temperature of the fresh air in degrees Celsius/relative humidity is about 33/80.
  • the air is cooled by the first heat exchanger 10 to, for example, 22 °C . When passing through the enthalpy wheel 3, moisture is removed from the supply air and heat is supplied from the exhaust-air system, whereby the temperature rises to about 25 °C . Thereafter, the air passes through the cooling battery 13, whereby the air is cooled to about 11 °C while being dehumidified.
  • the air passes through the second heat exchanger 15 which is connected to the first heat exchanger 10.
  • the heat which was previously separated from the supply air, is supplied.
  • the previous reduction of the air tempe- rature of 11 units of degree is thus returned here and increases the temperature of the air by a maximum of 11 units of degree.
  • the temperature is thus 22 °C and after the fan, which provides an addition of about 2 units of degree, about 24 °C.
  • the first heat exchanger 10 now supplies heat to the cold fresh air so that it is heated to about -5 °C .
  • the enthalpy wheel now supplies from the exhaust-air system both heat and moisture such that the air is heated to about 18 °C .
  • the cooling battery 13 now operates as a heating battery and heats up the air to about 30 °C, whereupon the second heat exchanger carries away the heat which was previously supplied to the supply air.
  • the temperature is about 20 °C and after the fan about 22 °C.
  • the air-treatment system according to the invention is not limited to the embodiment described above.
  • other heat-extraction systems may also be used to extract heat and supply heat to an air flow again.
  • the agent which connects the two heat- extraction units may consist of electricity as well as a liquid or a gas, and also of a mechanical device.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Central Air Conditioning (AREA)

Abstract

An air treatment installation comprising a supply-air system (1) with a cooling battery (13) for energy-saving dehumidification of a first air flow flowing through the supply-air system, whereby the cooling battery imparts a chill to the first air flow. The supply-air system (1) comprises a first heat exchanger (10) arranged upstream of the cooling battery (13) and a second heat exchanger (15) arranged downstream of the cooling battery (13). The heat exchangers are connected to a closed passive system for transfer of heat past the cooling battery. At thermal balance in the first air flow, the passive system transports a cooling effect past the cooling battery, which, between the heat exchangers, lowers the temperature and hence the dew point in the first air flow.

Description

Ventilation system
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to an installation for dehumidification of a gas. More particularly, the invention relates to a ventilation system for treatment of air to a plurality of spaces enclosed in a building or the like. In particular, the invention relates to a ventila- tion system on ships or other installations at sea, so- called offshore installations. The invention relates especially to an air-treatment installation arranged in such a system.
BACKGROUND ART
Spaces onboard a ship are normally ventilated by means of fresh air which is filtered and treated such that it provides the desired temperature and humidity. In an air treatment installation, a supply-air fan ensures that fresh air is sucked in and is pressed further in a system of ducts. In the same way, an exhaust-air fan ensures that exhaust air is sucked back through an exhaust duct and released into the open. The supply air and the exhaust air pass, separate from each other, through a rotating hygroscopic heat exchanger, a so-called enthalpy wheel, which is arranged to transfer moisture and heat from one of the systems of ducts to the other system of ducts. The supply air is also given the desired properties such as purity, the proper temperature, the necessary pressure, the proper humidity, etc. For these purposes, the air-treatment installation comprises inter alia devices for cooling, heating and moistening the supply air.
In ships, and in particular in passenger ships, considerable demands are placed on an air treatment installation. The installation should be able to offer a comfortable indoor climate, whether the ship travels in tropical waters or in arctic waters. Known air treatment installations occupy large spaces in the ships, which spaces could otherwise yield a good economic return.
The fresh air, which is needed to create sufficient ventilation, normally only constitutes a minor part of the air volume which is supplied to the spaces of the ship. The remaining part, which constitutes about 70%, is used for balancing thermal and cooling loads. The maximum air volume is often determined by the cooling requirement when operating in tropical waters . The free air is here very warm and contains a considerable amount of moisture. To efficiently dehumidify the air, the air is cooled down whereby the so-called dew point is passed and condensation occurs . To this end, the air is allowed to pass through a cooling battery, on the cold surfaces of which the water condenses and runs off. The cooling battery is supplied with a cooling agent of about 5-15 degrees Celsius (°C) . As cooling agent there may be used a cooling liquid of the type water, salt solution, glycol water or the like, as well as an evaporated agent.
Normally, an air treatment installation serves a plurality of cabins and other spaces through a branched system of ducts for supply and exhaust air. All the spaces are thus supplied with the same treated air in spite of the fact that the different rooms may have a very varying need of comfort and cooling requirement. A comfort level with a uniform temperature of about 22-24 C should be offered under all circumstances and in all climates.
According to one known system for ventilation of ships, a so-called cold-air system, the air treatment is arranged such that the admitted fresh air is cooled down such that condensed water may be separated. Thereafter, the cooled supply air is transported in a duct which serves a plurality of spaces. The air is then tempered such that each space which is served by the duct is given a sufficiently cool environment. It is thus the space which has the greatest cooling requirement - which is normally determined by the highest thermal load - that dimensions the temperature of the departing supply air. To this end the air ducts have to be insulated and provided with a diffusion barrier where it passes through spaces where the surrounding air is hotter than that in the duct. One reason for this is that the air in the duct shall not be heated too much. Another reason is that the warmer air which surrounds the duct often contains water which would be condensed on the otherwise cold duct surface. Such condensate easily causes formation of mould or other sanitary inconvenience. In individual spaces with less thermal load, the supply air is after-heated in the respective space. Such after-heating is normally performed with a so-called electric battery, in which the air passing through is supplied with heat from an electric resistance. One disadvantage with this system is thus that additional energy must be supplied and another disadvantage is that the insulated ducts are space-demanding.
According to another system for ventilation of ships, a so-called hot-air system, separation of condensed water is performed in the same way as above. Thereafter, the air is heated to comfort level and is transported to a plurality of spaces through uninsulated ducts . The temperature of the departing supply air is in this case dimensioned by that individual space which has the smallest cooling requirement, which is normally determined by the lowest thermal load. For the other spaces, individual after- cooling of the air is required. An advantage with this ventilation system is that the supply air may be trans- ported in uninsulated ducts, which saves both weight and space. A disadvantage is, however, the energy waste which occurs by first cooling the air, then heating the air and finally after-cooling the air.
Thus, there are substantially two principles of ventilation in ships, namely one where cold air is transported to the cabins and is there heated as required, and one where hot air is transported to the cabins and there after- cooled as required. Common to both systems, however, is that the fresh air is first cooled down such that the moisture is condensed away. For this, energy is first needed to cool the air and then additional energy is needed to heat the air again.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to achieve a dehu- midification system which is more energy-saving than prior art systems. More particularly, the invention seeks to suggest ways of creating a ventilation system which dehu- midifies the air in a more cost-efficient way than hitherto known systems. The ventilation system shall permit the use of uninsulated and thus less space- demanding ducts, which includes a weight reduction and a greater economic yield from the available building volume.
This object is achieved according to a first aspect of the invention of an air-treatment installation according to the characteristic features described in the characterizing portion of the independent claim 1 and with a method according to the characteristic features described in the characterizing portion of the independent claim 6. From a second aspect of the invention, the objects are achieved with a dehumidification plant according to the characteristic features described in the characterizing portion of the independent claim 8 and with a method according to the characteristic features described in the characterizing portion of the independent claim 9. Advantageous embodiments are described in the characterizing portions of the dependent claims.
The air treatment installation according to the invention comprises a bypass-coupled heat-exchange system by means of which heat may be extracted from the passing air at a first point and again be supplied to the air at a second point. This second point may be placed upstream or downstream in relation to the first point. Between the first point and the second point, a device for supply or removal of heat from the air flow is arranged. In this context the fact it made use of that the air, without any external energy addition, for a short distance is temporarily cooled in order, for example, to be dehumidified, whereupon the air is again supplied with the separated heat. Especially in ships which operate in tropical waters, the described function is desirable and energy- saving. For operation in arctic waters, the reverse function may instead be of use.
The air treatment installation according to the invention may also comprise an energy-recovery system in the form of a so-called enthalpy wheel, which is adapted to transfer moisture and heat between supply air and exhaust air in the installation. Such an enthalpy wheel is thus placed between the two interconnected heat exchangers . In this way, according to the invention, both heat and moisture are transferred between exhaust air and supply air with a typical efficiency of 70-80 % by causing the enthalpy wheel to rotate at a certain speed.
In certain climate situations, it may be an advantage to transfer only moisture between supply air and exhaust air without also simultaneously transferring heat. The heat exchangers which are bypass-connected on either side of the enthalpy wheel may, in this connection, be used for apparently creating a different working situation for the enthalpy wheel. The heat which is normally transferred simultaneously with the moisture may thus be eliminated by utilizing the interconnected heat exchangers in such a way that, for example, relatively colder (e.g. 18 C, RH 35%) outdoor air is allowed to lower the air temperature after the air has passed through the first exchanger, the enthalpy wheel and finally the second exchanger. In this way, the supply air may be moistened by moisture from the exhaust air (e.g. 25 C, RH 60%) without suffering the increase in temperature which would normally result from the heat transferred with the moisture.
Thus, with the bypass-connected heat exchangers, heat may be removed from the air flowing through the enthalpy wheel and then again be supplied to the air after the enthalpy wheel. The enthalpy wheel is thereby given a working situation whereby only moisture is transferred. This causes the total efficiency of the air treatment installation to increase.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be explained in greater detail in the following by description of an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein Figure 1 shows a ventilating installation according to the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The air-treatment installation belonging to a ventilation system, and schematically shown in Figure 1, comprises a supply-air system 1 and an exhaust-air system 2, which are interconnected by an energy-recovery system 3. This is exemplified in the figure by a so-called enthalpy wheel. Two filled arrows in the figure shows the direction of flow of the exhaust air and two unfilled arrows show the direction of flow of the supply air. The air-treatment installation according to the figure shows only the core in a complete ventilation system for, for example, a ship. Thus, the system may, at both ends, be connected to a system of ducts, not shown.
The exhaust-air system shows in the direction of flow first a filter 4, then a sound attenuator 5, an empty space 6, the enthalpy wheel 3 and finally an exhaust fan 7. In the same way, the supply-air system shows in the direction of flow a damper flap 8, a filter 9, a first heat exchanger 10, an empty space 11, the enthalpy wheel 3, an empty space 12, a cooling battery 13, an empty space 14, a second heat exchanger 15 and finally a supply-air fan 16. The term cooling battery here refers, in a broad sense, to an apparatus which, in a gas flowing through, is capable of supplying or removing heat from an external system.
The first heat exchanger 10 is connected to the second heat exchanger 15 in a closed system via a conduit 17. In the conduit 17 , a medium flows which transports energy from the first heat exchanger 10 to the second heat exchanger 15, or the reverse. The interconnected heat exchangers thus permit energy to be obtained from the air at a first point and be supplied to the air again at a second point upstream or downstream of the first point. This makes it possible, among other things, to reduce the temperature and the water content of the incoming fresh air such that an efficient dehumidification may be achieved. 8
In tropical waters the fresh air is hot and moist. The fresh air must therefore be both cooled and dehumidified to be able to ventilate the spaces of a ship with good comfort. The air must then be so cooled and dehumidified that it is able to absorb and transport away, for example, moist and heat emitted in the cabins. In typical situations in tropical waters, the ratio between the temperature of the fresh air in degrees Celsius/relative humidity is about 33/80. The air is cooled by the first heat exchanger 10 to, for example, 22 °C . When passing through the enthalpy wheel 3, moisture is removed from the supply air and heat is supplied from the exhaust-air system, whereby the temperature rises to about 25 °C . Thereafter, the air passes through the cooling battery 13, whereby the air is cooled to about 11 °C while being dehumidified.
Then, the air passes through the second heat exchanger 15 which is connected to the first heat exchanger 10. Here, the heat, which was previously separated from the supply air, is supplied. The previous reduction of the air tempe- rature of 11 units of degree is thus returned here and increases the temperature of the air by a maximum of 11 units of degree. Before the supply-air fan the temperature is thus 22 °C and after the fan, which provides an addition of about 2 units of degree, about 24 °C.
Under typical conditions in arctic waters the above- mentioned ratio is instead -10/50. The first heat exchanger 10 now supplies heat to the cold fresh air so that it is heated to about -5 °C . The enthalpy wheel now supplies from the exhaust-air system both heat and moisture such that the air is heated to about 18 °C . The cooling battery 13 now operates as a heating battery and heats up the air to about 30 °C, whereupon the second heat exchanger carries away the heat which was previously supplied to the supply air. Thus, before the supply-air fan the temperature is about 20 °C and after the fan about 22 °C. A great advantage when using the system under winter conditions is that the risk of the enthalpy wheel freezing is largely eliminated.
Although advantageous, the air-treatment system according to the invention is not limited to the embodiment described above. Thus, other heat-extraction systems may also be used to extract heat and supply heat to an air flow again. The agent which connects the two heat- extraction units may consist of electricity as well as a liquid or a gas, and also of a mechanical device.
What has been described above for air is also true, in general, of a gaseous medium which is desired to be dehumidified in an efficient way.

Claims

10CLAIMS
1. An air treatment installation comprising a supply-air system (1) with a cooling battery (13) for energy-saving dehumidification of a first air flow flowing through the supply-air system, whereby the cooling battery imparts a chill to the first air flow, characterised in that the supply-air system (1) comprises a first heat exchanger (10) arranged upstream of the cooling battery (13) and a second heat exchanger (15) arranged downstream of the cooling battery (13), which heat exchangers are connected to a closed passive system for transfer of heat past the cooling battery, whereby, at thermal balance in the first air flow, the passive system transports a cooling effect past the cooling battery, which, between the heat exchangers, lowers the temperature and hence the dew point in the first air flow.
2. An air treatment installation according to claim 1, characterised in that a liquid cooling agent passes through the passive system which comprises the first heat exchanger (10) , the second heat exchanger (15) and a conduit (17) interconnecting the heat exchangers.
3. An air treatment installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the air treatment installation comprises an exhaust-air system (2) through which a second air flow flows, whereby, between the supply-air system and the exhaust-air system, a heat-recovery system (3) is arranged, which is adapted to transfer moisture and heat between the first air flow and the second air flow.
4. An air treatment installation according to claim 3, characterised in that the heat-recovery system (3), in the supply-air system (1) , is arranged between the first heat exchanger (10) and the second heat exchanger (15). 11
5. An air treatment installation according to claim 4, characterised in that the heat-recovery system (3) comprises an enthalpy wheel .
6. A method for energy-saving dehumidification of an air flow flowing through a cooling battery (13) for external supply of a cooling effect, characterised in that a first heat exchanger (10) is arranged upstream of the cooling battery (13) and a second heat exchanger (15) is arranged downstream of the cooling battery (13), which heat exchangers (10, 15) are connected to a closed passive system, whereby, at thermal balance in the air flow, a cooling effect is transported past the cooling battery, whereby, between the first heat exchanger (10) and the second heat exchanger (15), the temperature and hence the dew point are reduced.
7. Use of an air treatment installation according to claims 1 to 5 or a method according to claim 6 for offshore installations or for the manufacture of a ship.
8. A dehumidification plant comprising a duct (1) and a cooling battery (13) arranged therein for supply or removal of heat in a gas flowing through the duct and the cooling battery (13), characterised in that the duct comprises a first heat exchanger (10) arranged upstream of the cooling battery (13) and a second heat exchanger (15) arranged downstream of the cooling battery (13), which heat exchangers are connected to a passive system for transfer of heat past the cooling battery.
9. A method for energy-saving dehumidification of a gas, wherein the gas is brought to flow through a cooling battery (13) for external supply of a cooling effect, characterised in that heat is extracted from the gas at a first point (10) upstream of the cooling battery (13) and 12
is supplied to the gas at a second point (15) downstream of the cooling battery (13) in a passive closed system, whereby, at thermal balance in the flowing gas, a cooling effect is transported past the cooling battery, whereby, between the first point and the second point, the temperature and hence the dew point are reduced.
PCT/SE1999/000565 1998-04-03 1999-04-06 Ventilation system WO1999051918A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU38577/99A AU3857799A (en) 1998-04-03 1999-04-06 Ventilation system
EP99921339A EP1068476A1 (en) 1998-04-03 1999-04-06 Ventilation system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9801215A SE9801215L (en) 1998-04-03 1998-04-03 ventilation systems
SE9801215-6 1998-04-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999051918A1 true WO1999051918A1 (en) 1999-10-14

Family

ID=20410881

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1999/000565 WO1999051918A1 (en) 1998-04-03 1999-04-06 Ventilation system

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1068476A1 (en)
AU (1) AU3857799A (en)
SE (1) SE9801215L (en)
WO (1) WO1999051918A1 (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000034719A1 (en) * 1998-12-09 2000-06-15 Abb Installaatiot Oy Method and arrangement for recovering heat and moisture
WO2004098989A1 (en) * 2003-05-09 2004-11-18 Abb Ab Ventilation system and method for a ship with low temperature supply air that before entering a room is mixed with room air
EP1191204A3 (en) * 2000-09-26 2004-12-15 Seibu Giken Co., Ltd. A co-generation system and a dehumidification air-conditioner
CN102338428A (en) * 2010-07-26 2012-02-01 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Total heat recovery fresh air dehumidifying unit
CN102563785A (en) * 2012-01-04 2012-07-11 西安工程大学 Air conditioning unit combining gas turning wheel-dew point type evaporative cooling and mechanical refrigeration
CN102589059A (en) * 2012-02-11 2012-07-18 吕智 Double-effect heat-pump type total-heat recovery fresh air processor
CN102853504A (en) * 2011-06-28 2013-01-02 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Fresh air dehumidifier and control method thereof
CN102927627A (en) * 2012-11-05 2013-02-13 江苏国莱特空调设备有限公司 Condensation heat recovery type movable temperature and humidity control device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106705334A (en) * 2016-11-18 2017-05-24 仲恺农业工程学院 Energy recovery type double-cold-source large-enthalpy-difference energy storage fresh air handling unit and control method thereof

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB656898A (en) * 1949-04-06 1951-09-05 Agricultural & Ind Dryers Ltd An improved method and means for drying
US2968165A (en) * 1955-12-22 1961-01-17 Norback Per Gunnar Air conditioning method and apparatus
DE1946699A1 (en) * 1969-09-16 1971-04-08 Kraftanlagen Ag Process and system for air conditioning of rooms
GB2064099A (en) * 1979-11-29 1981-06-10 Prestcold Ltd Dehumidifier; Air Conditioner; Drier
GB2158212A (en) * 1982-11-02 1985-11-06 Shonetsugaku Kenkyusho Kk Drying process and apparatus utilizing refrigeration cycle
EP0191007A2 (en) * 1985-02-08 1986-08-13 AB Carl Munters Method and device for gas conditioning
CH657692A5 (en) * 1982-02-15 1986-09-15 Schoenmann Wilfred Ernst Dehumidifying unit for essentially closed rooms
SE460618B (en) * 1987-02-12 1989-10-30 Wilhelm Von Doebeln SET AND CONDITION TO CONDITION A GAS IN A ROTATING REGENERATIVE MOISTURE EXCHANGE DEVICE
FR2672970A1 (en) * 1989-10-25 1992-08-21 Bernier Jacques Dehumidifying, heat pump and heat pipe installation
FR2742216A1 (en) * 1995-12-08 1997-06-13 Bernier Jacques Dehumidification using heat pump for covered swimming pools

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB656898A (en) * 1949-04-06 1951-09-05 Agricultural & Ind Dryers Ltd An improved method and means for drying
US2968165A (en) * 1955-12-22 1961-01-17 Norback Per Gunnar Air conditioning method and apparatus
DE1946699A1 (en) * 1969-09-16 1971-04-08 Kraftanlagen Ag Process and system for air conditioning of rooms
GB2064099A (en) * 1979-11-29 1981-06-10 Prestcold Ltd Dehumidifier; Air Conditioner; Drier
CH657692A5 (en) * 1982-02-15 1986-09-15 Schoenmann Wilfred Ernst Dehumidifying unit for essentially closed rooms
GB2158212A (en) * 1982-11-02 1985-11-06 Shonetsugaku Kenkyusho Kk Drying process and apparatus utilizing refrigeration cycle
EP0191007A2 (en) * 1985-02-08 1986-08-13 AB Carl Munters Method and device for gas conditioning
SE460618B (en) * 1987-02-12 1989-10-30 Wilhelm Von Doebeln SET AND CONDITION TO CONDITION A GAS IN A ROTATING REGENERATIVE MOISTURE EXCHANGE DEVICE
FR2672970A1 (en) * 1989-10-25 1992-08-21 Bernier Jacques Dehumidifying, heat pump and heat pipe installation
FR2742216A1 (en) * 1995-12-08 1997-06-13 Bernier Jacques Dehumidification using heat pump for covered swimming pools

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000034719A1 (en) * 1998-12-09 2000-06-15 Abb Installaatiot Oy Method and arrangement for recovering heat and moisture
EP1191204A3 (en) * 2000-09-26 2004-12-15 Seibu Giken Co., Ltd. A co-generation system and a dehumidification air-conditioner
WO2004098989A1 (en) * 2003-05-09 2004-11-18 Abb Ab Ventilation system and method for a ship with low temperature supply air that before entering a room is mixed with room air
CN102338428A (en) * 2010-07-26 2012-02-01 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Total heat recovery fresh air dehumidifying unit
CN102853504A (en) * 2011-06-28 2013-01-02 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Fresh air dehumidifier and control method thereof
CN102853504B (en) * 2011-06-28 2015-03-04 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Fresh air dehumidifier and control method thereof
CN102563785A (en) * 2012-01-04 2012-07-11 西安工程大学 Air conditioning unit combining gas turning wheel-dew point type evaporative cooling and mechanical refrigeration
CN102589059A (en) * 2012-02-11 2012-07-18 吕智 Double-effect heat-pump type total-heat recovery fresh air processor
CN102927627A (en) * 2012-11-05 2013-02-13 江苏国莱特空调设备有限公司 Condensation heat recovery type movable temperature and humidity control device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1068476A1 (en) 2001-01-17
SE9801215D0 (en) 1998-04-03
AU3857799A (en) 1999-10-25
SE9801215L (en) 1999-10-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6622508B2 (en) Method for heat and humidity exchange between two air streams and apparatus therefor
US4903503A (en) Air conditioning apparatus
US4987748A (en) Air conditioning apparatus
US9885486B2 (en) Heat pump humidifier and dehumidifier system and method
US7191604B1 (en) Heat pump dehumidification system
US6658874B1 (en) Advanced, energy efficient air conditioning, dehumidification and reheat method and apparatus
US11320161B2 (en) Air conditioning with recovery wheel, dehumidification wheel, and cooling coil
CA2969999A1 (en) Air conditioning with recovery wheel, passive dehumidification wheel, cooling coil, and secondary direct-expansion circuit
EP2928580A1 (en) Compact desiccant cooling system
US12305878B2 (en) System for air conditioning the interior of a building that guides exhaust air into a fluid reservoir via a heat exchanger
US10274210B2 (en) Heat pump humidifier and dehumidifier system and method
WO1999051918A1 (en) Ventilation system
US5394935A (en) Earth coupled thermal barrier system
US20200011549A1 (en) Energy recovery ventilator with self-contained dehumidification system
CZ289257B6 (en) Arrangement for cooling supply air in an air-conditioning installation
Elsheniti et al. Thermo-economic study on the use of desiccant-packed aluminum-foam heat exchangers in a new air-handling unit for high moisture-removal
US12215887B1 (en) Dual-wheel HVAC system and method having improved dew point control
EP2634500B1 (en) System for controlling the indoor climate in a building
EP1626898B1 (en) Ventilation system and method for a ship with low temperature supply air that before entering a room is mixed with room air
WO1987005683A1 (en) Air conditioning apparatus
US12044421B2 (en) Air conditioning with recovery wheel, dehumidification wheel, cooling coil, and secondary direct-expansion circuit
JPH0555781B2 (en)
WO2001067004A3 (en) Method and device for heating and ventilating building including heat pumps and a thermal storage
JPH10266351A (en) Air conditioning ventilation system, and unit building and housing equipped therewith
WO1991002927A1 (en) A method of and an arrangement for cooling a building

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SL SZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: KR

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1999921339

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 09647060

Country of ref document: US

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1999921339

Country of ref document: EP

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 1999921339

Country of ref document: EP