WO1999012287A1 - Systeme de transmission optique a reflectometrie optique temporelle coherente - Google Patents
Systeme de transmission optique a reflectometrie optique temporelle coherente Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999012287A1 WO1999012287A1 PCT/FR1998/001869 FR9801869W WO9912287A1 WO 1999012287 A1 WO1999012287 A1 WO 1999012287A1 FR 9801869 W FR9801869 W FR 9801869W WO 9912287 A1 WO9912287 A1 WO 9912287A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- transmission
- link
- directions
- signal
- modulation
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000000253 optical time-domain reflectometry Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
- G01M11/31—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter and a light receiver being disposed at the same side of a fibre or waveguide end-face, e.g. reflectometers
- G01M11/3109—Reflectometers detecting the back-scattered light in the time-domain, e.g. OTDR
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
- H04B10/071—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using a reflected signal, e.g. using optical time domain reflectometers [OTDR]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2589—Bidirectional transmission
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a non-bidirectional and amplified fiber optic link, presenting an optical loopback of the amplifiers to allow COTDR: It also relates to a method of reducing interactions between the signal in a direction of transmission and the backscattered noise coming from the other direction of transmission in such a link.
- the invention relates to coherent optical time reflectometry, known by the acronym COTDR corresponding to its name in English (coherent optical time domain reflectometry).
- COTDR monitors the quality of optical links.
- COTDR in non-bidirectional optical transmission systems with repeaters makes it necessary to provide looping of the repeaters, so as to allow the transmission of the reflectometry signal used; in fact, the amplifiers of the repeaters have isolators blocking the transmission of the reflected OTDR signal.
- Such a measurement arrangement by COTDR in a non-bidirectional transmission system with amplifiers is for example described in an article by S. Fukurawa et al, Enhanced coherent OTDR for long span optical transmission lines containing optical fiber amplifiers, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 1995, vol. 7 no 5, pp. 540-542.
- the invention proposes, for a non-bidirectional amplified optical transmission system, with looping of the repeaters, a solution to the problem of the beating between a signal propagating in one direction and the Rayleigh backscattering of the signal propagating in the other direction.
- the solution of the invention makes it possible to limit, or even cancel the effect of this beat, by simple means. It allows to exceed the limits on the power of known solutions.
- the invention provides a non-bidirectional and amplified fiber optic link, presenting an optical loopback of the amplifiers to allow COTDR, characterized by different wavelengths in the two directions of transmission.
- the invention also proposes a method for reducing the interactions between the signal in one direction of transmission and the backscattered noise from the other direction of transmission in a non-bidirectional and amplified fiber optic link, having an optical loopback of the amplifiers to allow COTDR, characterized by the use of different wavelengths in the two directions of transmission.
- the wavelengths in the two directions of transmission are chosen so that the backscattered signal originating from the signal in a direction of transmission undergoes a strong attenuation when it passes through the reception filter d 'a channel in the other direction of transmission.
- the wavelengths in the two directions of transmission can be chosen so that the backscattered signal originating from the signal in a direction of transmission is attenuated by a factor of at least 10 when it passes through the reception filter of a channel in the other direction of transmission.
- the wavelengths of the multiplex in one of the directions of transmission are interposed between the wavelengths of the multiplex in l other direction of transmission.
- the invention also proposes a non-bidirectional and amplified fiber optic link, presenting an optical loopback of the amplifiers to enable COTDR, characterized by means of spectral widening of the signal on at least one of the directions of transmission.
- these spectral widening means comprise wavelength modulation means.
- these provide wavelength modulation with a modulation speed between 0.5 kHz and 10 GHz, preferably between 1 kHz and 5 GHz.
- Modulation means wavelengths preferably cause the wavelength to vary over a range greater than a few times the speed of the link, preferably greater than twice the speed of the link.
- the spectral widening means comprise means for modulating the injection current of a laser from an emitter of at least one of the directions of transmission.
- the spectral widening means comprise phase modulation means. These advantageously provide modulation with a modulation speed greater than a few times the speed of the link, preferably greater than twice the speed of the link.
- the invention finally proposes a method for reducing the interactions between the signal in one direction of transmission and the backscattered noise coming from the other direction of transmission in a non-bidirectional and amplified fiber optic link, presenting an optical loopback of the amplifiers to allow COTDR, characterized by a spectral broadening of the signal on at least one of the directions of transmission.
- the spectral widening comprises a wavelength modulation, for example with a modulation speed is between 0.5 kHz and 10 GHz, preferably between 1 kHz and 5 GHz.
- the wavelength modulation can vary the wavelength over a range greater than a few times the speed of the link, preferably greater than twice the speed of the link.
- the spectral widening is preferably carried out by modulating the injection current of a laser from an emitter of at least one of the directions of transmission.
- the spectral widening comprises a phase modulation, for example with a modulation speed greater than a few times the speed of the link, preferably greater than twice the speed of the link.
- FIG. 1 a schematic representation of a non-bidirectional amplified optical transmission system, with loops between repeaters;
- Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a non-bidirectional amplified optical transmission system, with loops between repeaters.
- the system of FIG. 1 comprises an upstream fiber 1 and a downstream fiber 2.
- Upstream 3 and downstream 4 transmitters respectively transmit signals in fibers 1 and 2.
- Upstream 5 and downstream 6 receivers placed on the other side of fibers 1 and 2, receive the corresponding signals.
- An upstream device 8 of COTDR located on the same side as the upstream transmitter and that the downstream receiver transmits signals in fiber 1 and receives the signals coming from fiber 2.
- a downstream device 9 of COTDR located on the same side the downstream transmitter and the upstream receiver transmit signals in fiber 2 and receive signals from fiber 1.
- Figure 1 shows two repeaters 10 and 11, in the possible optical loopback configurations.
- Each of the repeaters 10 and 11 comprises an upstream optical amplifier 13 and 15, and a downstream optical amplifier 14 and 16, respectively arranged on the upstream fibers 1 and downstream 2.
- the repeater 10 has two looping fibers 18 and 19, which connect respectively the input of the upstream amplifier 13 at the output of the downstream amplifier 14 and the output of the upstream amplifier 13 at the input of the downstream amplifier 14.
- the repeater 11 has a loop fiber 21, which connects the output of the upstream amplifier 15 at the output of the downstream amplifier 16.
- the loopback fibers 18, 19 and 21 allow the reflected COTDR signal to reach the COTDR device from which it comes.
- a system like that of FIG. 1 is described in the article by O. Gautheron et al. referred to above.
- the invention proposes, to reduce the induced penalty on the transmission, to use different wavelengths in the two directions of transmission, so as to decrease or cancel in the reception window or windows from one of the directions of transmission the backscattered power coming from the other direction of transmission.
- the difference in wavelength between the two directions of transmission is preferably greater than the drift of the transmitters, for example greater than the drift of the lasers used as transmitters. A difference of 0.4 or 0.5 nm may be sufficient.
- WDM wavelength multiplexing
- the wavelengths in the two directions of transmission are offset so as to interpose the different channels.
- Figure 2 shows the possible shape of the spectra in one of the two directions of transmission.
- the transmission channels are represented by the vertical lines 25 and 26.
- the dashed rectangles 27 and 28 represent the corresponding reception windows.
- the rectangles in solid lines 29 and 30 represent the noise backscattered from the other direction of transmission.
- the invention thus enables optimal operation of the transmission system, despite the presence of the optical loops of the amplifiers, while ensuring the efficient transmission of the COTDR signals.
- the invention also proposes to reduce the interactions between the signal in one direction of transmission and the backscattered noise coming from the other direction of transmission, by providing a spectral broadening of the signal over at least one direction of transmission. This has the effect of correspondingly broadening the spectrum of the signal backscattered by Rayleigh effect; the effect of the beat with the signal in the other direction of transmission is then reduced in the reception window of this other direction of transmission.
- This spectral widening can be carried out on the signal in one of the directions of transmission. It is also possible to implement such spectral broadening in both directions of transmission, although this is not essential to achieve the results of the invention.
- This spectral widening can for example be achieved by modulation of the wavelength of the signal transmitted.
- the modulation speed is advantageously between a few kHz and a few GHz, for example between 0.5 kHz and 10 GHz.
- the amplitude of modulation is typically greater than a few times the speed of the link, preferably greater than twice the speed of the link.
- a modulation amplitude of a few GHz, for example 5 or 10 GHz in the case of a 2.5 Gbit / s link is appropriate.
- the speed of the link means the speed per channel.
- Such wavelength modulation can be implemented simply by modulating the injection current of a laser serving as a light source in a transmitter of the transmission system.
- This solution is particularly advantageous in the case of low frequency wavelength modulation, typically below a few kHz, or 1 kHz; in fact, in this case, the stray intensity modulation generated by the wavelength modulation of the laser is absorbed or smoothed by the post-amplifier of the transmitter, if there is one. In other cases, the stray intensity modulation may remain perfectly acceptable and not cause significant degradation of the performance of the link.
- Wavelength modulation at high speed for example at speeds of 1 or a few GHz makes it possible to attenuate the beat between the backscattered signal and the signal propagating in the other direction of transmission, at least in the windows of reception of this other direction of transmission.
- the invention proposes performing a high speed phase modulation of the signal on at least one of the directions of transmission. The interaction between the signal reflected by Rayleigh backscattering and the signal propagating in the other direction of transmission is then less troublesome.
- This solution has the advantage of not causing parasitic intensity modulation.
- This solution can be implemented by having downstream of the transmitter 3 or
- a phase modulator with a modulation speed greater than a few times the speed of the link, for example greater than twice the speed of the link.
- a modulation speed between 5 GHz and 10 GHz is suitable for a 2.5 Gbit / s link.
- the speed of the link is understood to mean the speed per channel.
- the amplitude of modulation is indifferent, and can be chosen between 0 and 2 ⁇ . A value of ⁇ provides good results.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
- Testing Of Optical Devices Or Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98942801A EP0941587A1 (fr) | 1997-09-01 | 1998-08-31 | Systeme de transmission optique a reflectometrie optique temporelle coherente |
JP51638199A JP2001505312A (ja) | 1997-09-01 | 1998-08-31 | コヒーレント光時間分域反射率測定方式光送信システム |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9710841A FR2767995B1 (fr) | 1997-09-01 | 1997-09-01 | Systeme de transmission optique a reflectometrie optique temporelle coherente |
FR97/10841 | 1997-09-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999012287A1 true WO1999012287A1 (fr) | 1999-03-11 |
Family
ID=9510633
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1998/001869 WO1999012287A1 (fr) | 1997-09-01 | 1998-08-31 | Systeme de transmission optique a reflectometrie optique temporelle coherente |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0941587A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2001505312A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2767995B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999012287A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6842586B2 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2005-01-11 | Red Sky Systems, Inc. | OTDR arrangement for detecting faults in an optical transmission system employing two pairs of unidirectional optical fibers |
US9110018B2 (en) | 2010-12-08 | 2015-08-18 | Fotech Solutions Limited | Distributed optical fibre sensor |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1591768B1 (fr) | 2003-02-06 | 2011-10-12 | Fujitsu Limited | Procede et systeme de relais d'amplification optique |
JP2009103526A (ja) * | 2007-10-22 | 2009-05-14 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 光線路故障検出装置および光線路故障検出方法、これに用いる光源装置及び受光装置 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2294374A (en) * | 1992-06-10 | 1996-04-24 | Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co Ltd | A supervising loopback circuit and a transmitting and receiving circuit for an optical repeater system |
EP0784391A2 (fr) * | 1996-01-10 | 1997-07-16 | Nec Corporation | Système de transmission optique à multiplexage de longueurs d'ondes |
-
1997
- 1997-09-01 FR FR9710841A patent/FR2767995B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-08-31 WO PCT/FR1998/001869 patent/WO1999012287A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-08-31 JP JP51638199A patent/JP2001505312A/ja active Pending
- 1998-08-31 EP EP98942801A patent/EP0941587A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2294374A (en) * | 1992-06-10 | 1996-04-24 | Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co Ltd | A supervising loopback circuit and a transmitting and receiving circuit for an optical repeater system |
EP0784391A2 (fr) * | 1996-01-10 | 1997-07-16 | Nec Corporation | Système de transmission optique à multiplexage de longueurs d'ondes |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
GAUTHERON O ET AL: "COTDR PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION FOR AMPLIFIED TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS", IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, vol. 9, no. 7, July 1997 (1997-07-01), pages 1041 - 1043, XP000659118 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6842586B2 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2005-01-11 | Red Sky Systems, Inc. | OTDR arrangement for detecting faults in an optical transmission system employing two pairs of unidirectional optical fibers |
US9110018B2 (en) | 2010-12-08 | 2015-08-18 | Fotech Solutions Limited | Distributed optical fibre sensor |
US9244009B2 (en) | 2010-12-08 | 2016-01-26 | Fotech Solutions Limited | Distributed optical fibre sensor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2767995A1 (fr) | 1999-03-05 |
FR2767995B1 (fr) | 1999-10-15 |
JP2001505312A (ja) | 2001-04-17 |
EP0941587A1 (fr) | 1999-09-15 |
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