WO1998042879A1 - Procede servant a produire de l'acier au convertisseur sous pression - Google Patents
Procede servant a produire de l'acier au convertisseur sous pression Download PDFInfo
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- WO1998042879A1 WO1998042879A1 PCT/JP1998/001188 JP9801188W WO9842879A1 WO 1998042879 A1 WO1998042879 A1 WO 1998042879A1 JP 9801188 W JP9801188 W JP 9801188W WO 9842879 A1 WO9842879 A1 WO 9842879A1
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- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- blown
- blowing
- converter
- furnace
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005502 peroxidation Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 74
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 49
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 31
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 6
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/35—Blowing from above and through the bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0081—Treating and handling under pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/305—Afterburning
Definitions
- the present technology relates to a converter steelmaking method capable of blowing molten steel with high productivity, high yield, and low degree of peroxide. ⁇ .; Background technology
- the ultimate goal is to blow molten steel with high productivity and high yield and low degree of peroxidation in converter furnaces.
- the decarburization behavior in the converter was as follows: the decarburization rate was controlled by the oxygen supply rate in the region where the carbon concentration in the molten iron was high, and the decarburization rate was low in the region where the carbon concentration in the molten iron was low. Phase, which is limited by the mass transfer rate.
- Phase I In order to improve the yield of molten steel, it is necessary to reduce the generation of dust and splash in Phase I and to suppress the iron oxidation loss to slag due to the peroxidation of molten steel in the low-carbon region, Phase I There is. If the molten steel becomes peroxidized, the (T ⁇ Fe) of the slag increases and the oxygen concentration in the molten steel also increases, so a large amount of deoxidizer is required, and a large amount of deoxidation products are generated. This also causes the problem that the cleanliness of the molten steel is significantly reduced. In order to suppress peroxidation in the long term, it is conceivable in principle to reduce the oxygen supply rate and increase the stirring power.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-99982 discloses that an iron charge and a slag forming component are put into an upper-blowing converter, and oxygen introduced from a lance located in the converter is used as the oxygen. It flows downwards onto the surface of the iron charge, causing a refining reaction to remove carbon from the iron and produce a reactor gas, which is passed from the converter into the gas collection device.
- a pressure adjusting means for controlling the flow rate of the gas; and providing a pressure between the iron charge and the pressure adjusting means so that substantially all of the gas passes through the pressure adjusting means.
- a pressure adjusting means for applying a pressure of at least one atmosphere to the furnace when the charge is refined by the inflowing oxygen.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2-2005656 discloses that in a converter steelmaking method in which molten iron and, if necessary, scrap are refined to molten steel, the inside of the converter is increased to 0.5 kg ⁇ cm 2 or more.
- the relationship between the total charged amount of hot metal and scrap W (t Z ch) into the converter and the inner volume of the converter shell V (m 3 ) is expressed as W> 0.8 V or 0. 8 VW
- a high-efficiency converter steelmaking method characterized by 0.5 V and an acid feed rate U (Nm 3 / min-t) into the furnace of U 3.7 is disclosed. This gazette states that the application of pressure suppresses the occurrence of sloping / svitting and a high yield was obtained.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-142422 discloses that in a converter or a smelting reduction furnace, the pressure inside the furnace is set to a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure, especially the pressure is set to 2 to 5 kg / cm2, and the secondary A steelmaking and ironmaking method in a converter or a smelting reduction furnace characterized by reducing the linear velocity of combustion gas is disclosed.
- the ascending flow velocity of the secondary combustion gas in the slag is reduced by pressurization, the heat exchange time between the gas and the slag is lengthened, and the heat transfer efficiency through the slag is improved.
- the furnace pressure is increased to 2 to 5 kg / cm 2 , but according to the principle of the invention, it has an effect on the heat exchange time between the gas and the slag that governs the heat transfer efficiency.
- the embodiment of the present invention is a top-blowing converter, and in the case of an upper-bottom-blowing converter in which slag forming is difficult due to strong stirring power, or in the case of hot metal pretreatment hot metal with a small amount of slag,
- the basic conditions are largely different from those of the present invention, and it is difficult to obtain the pressurizing operation conditions in the upper and lower blown converters from the present invention.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2-298082 discloses that iron-containing cold material, carbonaceous material, and oxygen are supplied to a melting converter in which a seed bath is present, and the required amount of seed metal in the melting converter is determined. A high-carbon molten iron in the total amount of required refining in a separate converter is obtained.
- the converter steelmaking method in which molten steel of the required component is obtained by blowing oxygen in a dedicated converter, the amount of dust generated in the converter is controlled by controlling the pressure in the converter exclusively for melting according to the following formula:
- a steelmaking method for a pressurized iron-containing cold material melting furnace characterized in that the steelmaking temperature is greatly reduced is disclosed.
- [% C] The content of molten iron C in the converter exclusively for melting (weight./.).
- This publication utilizes the fact that the energy when the top-blown oxygen jet collides against the bath surface due to pressurization decreases and the volume of CO gas generated decreases.
- the pressure is set high because of the occurrence of noise.
- the above formula cannot be applied to converter scouring for decarburization because C is 2.5-5%.
- the rate of dust generation depends not only on pressure but also on the oxygen supply rate, and the oxygen supply rate is an important factor that controls the productivity of a converter for melting iron-containing cold material.
- the basic conditions are significantly different from those of converter scouring for decarburization. Therefore, it is impossible to operate the pressurized converter only with the invention.
- none of the known examples discloses a method of operating in a low-carbon region in the long term, which is the most important in terms of suppressing peroxidation and improving the yield.
- the productivity is improved, the peroxidation is suppressed, and the yield is improved. It is impossible to make it happen.
- f defined by the formula (1) is used as the stirring energy by bottom blowing (iron and steel, Vol. 67, 1981, pp. 672 et seq.).
- the relationship between the BOC value through the uniform mixing time obtained and the decarburization characteristics of the converter is known (Iron and Steel, Vol. 68, 1982, pp. 1946 and thereafter).
- equation (4) was used to calculate the cavity depth due to top-blown gas (Kiyoshi Segawa: “Iron Metallurgy Reaction Engineering”, published in 1977, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun). Is not affected by furnace pressure.
- L' is the cavity depth (mm) calculated by equation (4) and h is the distance between the lance and the steel bath surface (mm)
- F ' is the top blowing oxygen supply rate (Nm 3 / Hr)
- n is the number of nozzles
- d is the nozzle diameter (mm).
- the present invention when the oxygen supply rate is increased by converter scouring at normal atmospheric pressure, the amount of generated splash and dust and the occurrence of slobbing decrease the molten steel yield and increase the non-blowing time.
- the problems and problems disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-205616, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-298209, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-142712, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-9982 are disclosed.
- the present inventors when performing decarburization operation by pressurizing the furnace inside the top and bottom blown converter, adjust the top blown oxygen supply rate and the bottom blown gas flow rate according to changes in the furnace pressure and carbon concentration. It was found that coordination control was needed.
- the gist of the present invention resides in the following methods.
- the furnace pressure P1: kg / cm 2
- blown oxygen supply rate F 1: Nm 3 / ton / min
- bottom-blown gas flow rate about (Q 1 Nm 3 / ton / min)
- Q1ZP1 is controlled in the range of 0.05 to 0.35.
- PA and PB can be less than 1 in the formula, but P2 is not less than 0.9 kg / cm 2 .
- F 2 can be larger than F 1 in the formula, but F 2 is not more than F 1. Further, F 2 is may also be a negative, it is not below 0. 5Nm 3 / ton / min.
- C is 1 to 0.1 ° /. ⁇ 2
- Top-blown oxygen supply rate F2
- Bottom-blown gas flow rate Q2 is controlled to be in the range of ⁇ force S5 to 25 in equation (9).
- Pressurized converter steelmaking method characterized by the above-mentioned.
- the ratio (LZD) between the depth (L: m) and the bath diameter (D: m) of the cavity formed on the steel bath surface by the top-blown oxygen was set to 0.1.
- Pressurized converter steelmaking method characterized in that it is controlled to 5-0.35.
- the lower limit of the carbon concentration in the steel bath that controls (2) or (3) is within the range of CB X0.6 to CB X1.8 using the CB of equation (10). Pressurized converter steelmaking method.
- the carbon concentration in the blown gas can be estimated from decarbonation efficiency empirically obtained based on the total oxygen consumption of the top and bottom blown air, indirectly estimated from intermediate sampling and exhaust gas analysis, or online. It is a value obtained by continuous or semi-continuous direct analysis values from analysis and on-site analysis.
- the cavity depth L is calculated by the following formula.
- LG H C / (0.016 ⁇ L 0 - 5) one L & (1 1)
- H c f (Po / Pop) ⁇ MOP ⁇ (4.2 + ⁇ . ⁇ 2 ) ⁇ d
- LG Distance between the tip of the lance and the molten steel surface (mm)
- d Nozzle throat diameter (mm).
- the absolute secondary pressure Po of the lance nozzle is the absolute pressure of the stagnation portion of the lance nozzle before throat.
- S e Area of lance nozzle outlet (mm 2 )
- the oxygen gas flow rate is calculated from the following equation (14).
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
- the flue 8 for introducing exhaust gas is connected to a pressure regulator via a dust collector and a gas cooling device.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram of experimental results showing the relationship between the frequency of slobbing and F1 / P1, Q1 / P1.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram of an experimental result showing a relationship between a frequency of occurrence of slobbing and L / D.
- FIG. 7 Diagram of experimental results showing the relationship between carbon concentration C, furnace pressure P2, and (T * Fe) at the time of blowing off.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram of an experimental result showing a relationship between a parameter ⁇ defined by an oxygen supply rate F 2 and a carbon concentration C and ( ⁇ ⁇ F e) at the time of blowing off.
- Fig. 9 is a diagram of the experimental results showing the relationship between the parameter ⁇ defined by the bottom blown gas flow rate Q2 and the carbon concentration C and ( ⁇ ⁇ Fe) at the time of blowing off.
- the pressurization conditions in the top and bottom blown converters are basically different between stage I and stage ⁇ .
- the objective is to increase the oxygen supply rate in order to improve productivity, and the conditions for suppressing the generation of splash, dust, and slobbing are important.
- Splash is the scattering of molten iron due to kinetic energy when the top-blown oxygen jet collides with the bath surface, and dust is generated by the exhaust gas flow of fine particles generated by rapid volume expansion accompanying CO gas generation by decarburization reaction. It is splashing.
- top-blown oxygen supply rate primarily governed by the top-blown oxygen supply rate, but pressurization reduces kinetic energy and reduces the volume expansion associated with the generation of C ⁇ gas, thereby suppressing the generation of dust and splash. Therefore, in order to reduce the generation amount of these, not only the pressure but also the relationship between the top blowing oxygen supply rate and the pressure should be controlled appropriately. Need to be In addition, in slobbing, the supply rate of top-blown oxygen becomes excessive, and unusually (T.Fe) abnormally high slag is locally generated, which is entrained in the molten iron with a high carbon concentration. This is a phenomenon that occurs because CO gas is explosively generated due to the decarburization reaction.
- the pressurization Since the volume of CO gas generated by pressurization is small, the pressurization also has an advantageous effect on slobbing, but basically, the balance between the supply rate of top-blown oxygen and the stirring power due to bottom-blowing is lost, The first cause is the generation of abnormally high (T'Fe) slag in a non-equilibrium manner. Therefore, in order to suppress the occurrence of slobbing, it is necessary to appropriately control not only the pressure but also the relationship between the top blowing oxygen supply speed, the flow rate of the bottom blowing gas for stirring, and the pressure.
- phase I oxygen used for other than decarburization is consumed in the so-called secondary combustion, which oxidizes C ⁇ gas generated by decarburization to C ⁇ 2 in the furnace space. This secondary combustion must be suppressed because it raises the temperature of the exhaust gas and causes considerable wear on refractories.
- the bubbles 13 blown into the bath of molten iron 11 gradually expand as they ascend, and the diameter of each bubble increases as the bubbles expand, so that the bubbles expand without merging with adjacent bubbles.
- the ascending area 12 needs to be expanded horizontally (Fig. 1).
- the bubble diameter is further increased and the ascent rate is accelerated, and the bubble rising area 12 does not spread, but the bubble diameter increases further and explosively reaches the surface.
- the bubble rising area 1 2 can be expanded, the floating speed is slow because the bubble diameter is maintained at a stable bubble diameter that is balanced with the static pressure without merging with adjacent bubbles.
- the air bubbles 13 come up slowly. Whether the bubbles coalesce or the bubble rising region expands horizontally depends on the relationship between the buoyancy energy and the surface tension energy.
- the present inventors obtained a change curve of the bubble diameter as shown in FIG. 2 by a basic experiment. That is, one of the critical conditions or bubble rising region bubbles coalesce spreads horizontally, greatly affected by the surface near the static pressure, increasing the pressure inside the furnace than 1 kg / cm 2, near the surface It was found that the explosive increase in bubble diameter disappeared. Thus, the explosive increase in bubble diameter near the surface greatly contributes to the agitation of the molten steel surface, and has a large effect on the non-equilibrium (T'F e) abnormally high slag generation that induces the aforementioned slobbing. give. This explosive increase in bubble size near the surface is difficult to predict from E, BOC calculations, and is controlled by the F 1 ZP 1 and Q 1 ZP 1 controls shown in the present invention. It became possible only after that.
- the behavior of the jet under pressure is that the gas density around the jet is large, so that the supersonic core is short and the jet is widened, so the surrounding C ⁇ gas is wound around the oxygen jet.
- the penetration increases.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows an embodiment of the present invention.
- 1 is a converter steel shell
- 2 is a refractory lining
- 3 is a tuyere
- 4 is molten iron
- 5 is an oxygen jet
- 6 is a top blow lance
- 7 is a fastening device
- 8 is an exhaust gas introduction.
- L is the depth of the molten iron cavity.
- the reason why the present invention is defined as the operation in the top-bottom blown converter is that the bottom-blowing converter cannot freely control the bottom-blowing agitating force, and the bottom-blowing converter requires the oxygen supply speed and bottom-blowing. This is because the stirring power is generally proportional and cannot be controlled independently.
- oxygen and LPG are used as the bottom-blown gas
- inert gas, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide are used as oxygen and LPG.
- the blowing method is a single pipe, slit pipe, double pipe, Includes tuyere bricks using one or many triple pipes, and porous bricks.
- the pressure inside the furnace was set to be higher than the atmospheric pressure over the entire or partial period during the blowing.
- the furnace pressure is preferably 1.2 kg / cm 2 or more in order to obtain the effect of improving productivity by pressurization. If the pressure is too high, the As a result, the slag easily penetrates into the refractory pores and the life of the refractory decreases, so that the content is preferably 5 kg / cm 2 or less.
- Claims 2 and 3 define the operating conditions of Phase I in the same manner as Claim 1. As the regulation of Phase I, the carbon concentration in the steel bath; C was set to a range higher than 0.5 ° / 0 .
- the concentration of carbon that transitions from stage I to stage V varies in the range of 0.2 to 0.5% depending on the bottom blowing agitation and top blowing oxygen supply rate, but if it is 0.5% or more, the decarburization rate will increase. Limited by oxygen supply rate Enter I period.
- CB is the critical carbon concentration at which the decarburization reaction shifts from the oxygen supply-limiting (phase I) to the carbon transfer-limiting (phase ⁇ ).
- the present inventors have constructed a new empirical formula describing CB under pressure. In other words, it is arranged as a linear multiple regression equation based on the furnace pressure P, the top blowing oxygen supply rate F, and the bottom blowing gas flow rate Q.
- the coefficient related to Q is large, indicating that the effect of bottom blowing under pressure on decarburization characteristics is extremely large under atmospheric pressure, as described above.
- controlling F 1 / P 1 in the range of 1.1 to 4.8 and Q 1 / P 1 in the range of 0.05 to 0.35 is intended to improve the productivity in the I period. It specifies conditions for suppressing the generation of dust, splash, and slobbing and maintaining a high yield of molten steel.
- the generation of dust-splash is governed by the pressure and the top blowing oxygen supply rate, and can be suppressed by setting F 1ZP 1 to 4.8 or less, and a high molten steel yield can be obtained.
- 1 /? 1 is smaller than 1.1, dust and splash are less generated, but the decarburization rate is low and the productivity is low and not practical.
- F 1 / P 1 specifies the supply rate of oxygen. If it is larger than 4.8, an abnormally high (T, Fe) slag is generated in a non-equilibrium manner, no matter how much the stirring is increased. This is unavoidable and slobbing occurs frequently.
- the present inventors have clarified the effect of pressure on the relationship between agitation and slopping, and have enabled high-speed decarburization operation in a pressurized converter.
- Controlling the ratio (L / D) of the cavity depth L formed on the steel bath surface to the bath diameter D by the top-blown oxygen in claim 3 (L / D) to 0.08 to 0.30 also reduces the productivity in period I. It specifies conditions for suppressing the generation of dust, splash, and slobbing while improving the secondary combustion rate and increasing the yield of molten steel. In other words, if (L / D) is less than 0.08, the strength of the top-blown oxygen jet is too low, causing refractory erosion due to an increase in the secondary combustion rate as shown in Fig.
- phase III the purpose is to suppress peroxidation while maintaining high productivity, and it is important to control the pressure, oxygen supply rate, and stirring power according to changes in carbon concentration.
- the decarburization rate (K;% C / min) in this region is expressed by the following equation.
- C carbon concentration
- t time
- A reaction area
- k mass transfer coefficient of carbon
- V the volume of molten iron
- C Represents the equilibrium carbon concentration.
- K increase A, k and C. If the oxygen is blown up at a rate that matches the decarburization rate specified by K, the decarburization will proceed in principle without causing any oxidation of the molten iron or absorption of oxygen into the molten steel be able to.
- the bottom blowing agitation force according to the carbon concentration in order to increase the carbon movement speed, the securing of the oxygen supply speed commensurate with the agitation force, and the efficient decarburization reaction It is necessary to secure the upper blowing point (high-temperature area formed by the upper blowing oxygen colliding with the bath surface) in order to proceed to the next stage.
- bottom-blowing agitation increases the movement speed of carbon through the formation of a macroscopic circulating flow in the bath, and the reaction by the formation of slag and metal emulsion by floating of the bottom-blown bubbles to the top-blown fire region.
- the upper blowing point causes a decrease in the equilibrium carbon concentration due to the formation of a high-temperature condition, and an increase in the reaction interface area due to the formation of a slag and a metal emulsion by the upper blowing jet.
- the amount of volume increase near the surface of the bottom-blown gas decreases and the jet energy of the top-blown oxygen increases, resulting in lower bottom-blown stirring power and lower emulsion formation. Therefore, after quantitatively grasping these as effects on the reaction rate, the bottom-blowing agitation power, the jet energy of the top-blown oxygen, the oxygen supply speed, and the furnace pressure are appropriately controlled in relation to the carbon concentration. There is a need to.
- the top-blown oxygen supply rate and the bottom-blown gas flow rate are as described in claim 4.
- the reason why the present invention is defined as the operation in the top-bottom blown converter is as follows. This is because the bottom-blowing stirring power cannot be controlled freely, and in a bottom-blowing converter, the oxygen supply rate and the bottom-blowing stirring power are generally proportional and cannot be controlled independently.
- oxygen and LPG are used as the bottom-blown gas
- inert gas, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide are used as oxygen and LPG.
- two or more types are used in combination, including the case where one or more types of inert gas, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide are used, and the blowing method is a single pipe, slit pipe, or 2 pipes.
- the pressure inside the furnace was set to be higher than the atmospheric pressure over the entire or partial period during the blowing.
- the furnace pressure is preferably at least 1.2 kg / cm 2 in order to obtain the effect of productivity improvement by pressurization. If the pressure is too high, the As a result, the slag infiltrates into the refractory pores and shortens the life of the refractory, so it is desirable that the slag be 5 kg / cm 2 or less.
- the pressure is restored from the pressurized state in accordance with the decrease in carbon concentration, and at the time of the blow stop or in the carbon concentration region close to the blow stop, the atmospheric pressure or exhaust gas is sucked to 0.9 kg /.
- It is defined as a pressurized converter including operation under reduced pressure of 2 cm2 or more, including the step of reducing the pressure continuously or in steps.
- Claims 5 to 8 define the long-term operating conditions at the same time as claim 4.
- C was set to an area lower than 1%.
- the carbon concentration that transitions from stage I to stage II varies within the range of 0.2 to 0.5%.
- blowing after stage I It is not enough to just set the conditions properly, and it is necessary to select appropriate blowing conditions from a higher carbon concentration range.
- the present inventors have found that the critical carbon concentration is 1% based on detailed experiments.
- C is defined as a region lower than CB X 0.6 to CB X 1.8 using CB of the formula (10).
- CB is the critical carbon concentration at which the decarburization reaction shifts from the oxygen supply rate-determining (phase I) to the carbon transfer rate-limiting (phase ⁇ ⁇ ). It is a new empirical formula to be described.
- Claim 5 specifies the control of the furnace pressure ⁇ 2 according to the change of the carbon concentration C. As shown in FIG. 7, ⁇ 2 is defined by the equation (5) and ⁇ ⁇ and (6). Consists of controlling to be within the range of PB defined by the equation
- Equations (5) and (6) were obtained as a result of examining the quantitative optimal pressure change pattern from the relationship between the two.
- the decarburization reaction by top-blown oxygen is a reaction between F e O generated at the flash point and carbon in the steel bath, and the F e O generated at the flash point is independent of the carbon concentration and pressure. Since it is always pure FeO, the reaction rate is determined only by the carbon concentration. Therefore, when the carbon content is high, the reaction speed is high, so that the nucleation rate of the CO bubbles cannot be followed, and large CO bubbles are generated, and the splash of the bubbles due to the burst of the bubbles is large. Therefore, to control the splash, it is necessary to set the pressure to a high pressure when the carbon concentration is high. Conversely, when the pressure is increased in a state where the carbon concentration is low, splash is small, but C is the equilibrium carbon concentration.
- the decarburization rate decreases. In other words, if the pressure is larger than PA, it means that the pressure recovery timing is too late. The decarburization rate decreases due to the increase in the amount of oxygen, and excess oxygen oxidizes the molten iron or dissolves in the molten steel, causing an increase in (T'Fe) of slag and the oxygen concentration of the molten steel. If the pressure is smaller than PB, it means that the pressure recovery timing is too early, and the pressure is restored in the period I or close to the period I, causing a severe splash. If the pressure is restored while the carbon concentration is high, the carbon concentration in the molten steel is high. (T.
- a higher oxygen supply rate is more suitable for increasing productivity, but is defined by the reaction interface area A determined by the bottom blowing agitation power, the jet energy of the top blowing oxygen, and the mass transfer coefficient k of carbon. If it is supplied in excess of the decarburization rate, the degree of peroxidation will increase and the (T ⁇ Fe) of the slag and the oxygen concentration of the molten steel will increase. According to a detailed experiment by the inventor, assuming that the pressure control described in claim 5 is assumed, it is necessary to control
- Claim 7 stipulates, in addition to the control of the furnace pressure P 2 according to the transition of the carbon concentration C specified in claim 5, the control of the bottom blown gas flow Q 2 according to the transition of the carbon concentration C. And C is l. In contrast to the bottom blown gas flow rate Q1 in the region higher than / o, Q2 in the region of 1% or less is controlled so that ⁇ in Eq. (8) is in the range of -2-1. .
- Claim 8 states that the most effective scouring is possible in the correlation of the three factors of the furnace pressure ⁇ 2, the top blowing oxygen supply rate F2, and the bottom blowing gas flow rate Q2 according to the change in the carbon concentration C.
- the control is performed so that ⁇ in equation (9) is in the range of 5 to 25.
- Equation (9) takes into account this elementary process, where the numerator (F 2 XP 2) 1/2 is the oxidation index considering pressure, and the denominator (Q 2 1/2 XC) is the carbon concentration Represents a reduction index that considers
- the fact that pressure is applied to the oxidation index has been clarified for the first time by the present inventors, and has the following meaning.
- the oxygen potential increases in proportion to the pressure because the partial pressure of the oxygen gas at the reaction interface increases even at the same oxygen supply rate. This indicates that even if the inside of the furnace was pressurized with a gas other than oxygen, the partial pressure of the oxygen gas that reached the reaction interface itself was also increasing, a phenomenon that was not even considered until now. Operation of the pressurized converter becomes possible only with the introduction of this indicator.
- the ratio (L / D) of the depth L of the cavity formed on the surface of the steel bath to the bath diameter D by the above-blown oxygen is controlled to 0.15 to 0.35. It stipulates the conditions for suppressing peroxidation after improving the performance. Cavity—depth is one of the indicators of the energy of the jet of top-blown oxygen, but the top-blown oxygen jet creates a hot spot and imparts a strong downward energy to the steel bath surface. It has two effects, forming an intense emulsion.
- the FeO generated at the flash point is suspended deep in the steel bath, it is subjected to a large static pressure, so that the reduction reaction does not proceed easily and the decarburization reaction rate is rather reduced.
- - Behavior of the jet under pressure Is characterized by the fact that the gas density around the jet is large, so that the supersonic speed is short, and the resistance of the gas around the jet is large, so the spread of the jet is extremely large. Therefore, the shape of the cavity formed by the top-blowing jet under pressure changes so large as to be unpredictable from changes due to the vertical movement of the lance under atmospheric pressure, and as shown in the present invention, accurate values are obtained. Efficient scouring is only possible after controlling it.
- Eq. (10) describes the critical carbon concentration at which the decarburization reaction shifts from the oxygen supply-limiting (phase I) to the carbon transfer-limiting (phase ⁇ ). This is because there is. In other words, if one or more of P, F and Q are controlled so that the carbon concentration in the steel is always CB, the peroxidation of the molten steel can be prevented without entering the period and the maximum desorption can be achieved. This is because the productivity is high because the coal speed can be obtained. If this control is performed in an area higher than CB X1.8, the decarburization time is reduced by lowering the pressure and the acid feed rate and increasing the bottom blow agitation to perform unnecessary peroxidation prevention scouring.
- the test was conducted in a 5 ton scale test converter.
- Upper blowing lance has a throat diameter of 5 to 2
- a Laval nozzle lance with 3 to 6 holes changed to 0 mm was used.
- two inner tube tuyeres with oxygen in the inner tube and LPG in the outer tube were installed at the bottom of the furnace.
- the exhaust gas was passed through a water-cooled hood that was fastened to the converter furnace opening, and was guided to the dust collection system in an unburned state, and the pressure inside the furnace was adjusted by a pressure control valve provided on the way.
- nitrogen gas was introduced to forcibly pressurize, but most of the blowing acid was self-pressurized by CO and CO 2 generated.
- the temperature was measured by a sublance, and the carbon concentration was estimated from the intermediate sampling by the sublance, the amount of exhaust gas, and the composition of the exhaust gas.
- the condition of slobbing and spitting is judged based on the images from the monitoring camera inside the furnace.
- the amount of dust generated is evaluated by weighing the total amount of dust collected by the dust collector, and the amount of dust generated per molten steel (kg / t ) Was divided by the decarburization amount ( ⁇ [% C]) to evaluate the value (kg / t / ⁇ [% C]).
- Hot metal was smelted in a blast furnace and subjected to hot metal pretreatment.C was about 4.3%, Si was about 0.12%, Mn was about 0.25%, P was about 0.02%, S However, about 5 tons of about 0.015% were used, and the temperature before charging the converter was about 1300 ° C.
- the blow-off carbon concentration was about 0.6%, and the temperature was about 1580C.
- the blow-off carbon concentration was 0.05. /.
- Temperature and temperature was about 1650 ° C-(Example 1)
- Example 1 corresponding to inner pressure (P 1) is varied in the range of 1. 5 ⁇ 2. 5 kg / cm 2 , the top-blown oxygen feed rate (F 1) 4. 5 to 7 . 5 Nm 3 / ton / min , and Soko ⁇ -out gas flow rate (Q 1) 0. 3 ⁇ 0. 5Nm 3 / ton / by changing the min, F 1 / P 1 to 3, Q 1 / P 1 was controlled to 0.2.
- the ratio of cavity depth to bath diameter (L / D) was 0.12 to 0.24.
- the amount of dust generated is as small as 2.2 kg / t / ⁇ [% C], and the decarbonation efficiency is 93%.
- the secondary combustion rate is 5. /. It was.
- Example 2 corresponding to inner pressure (P 1) is varied in the range of 1. 1 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 2 kg / cm 2 , the top-blown oxygen feed rate (F 1) 3. 5 ⁇ 9 . 5 Nm 3 / ton / min , and Soko ⁇ -out gas flow rate (Q 1) to 0. 2 ⁇ 0. 8Nm 3 / ton / by changing the min, F 1 / PI was controlled at 3.5 Q 1 / P 1 at 0.27. By adjusting the lance height, nozzle diameter and number of nozzles, the ratio of cavity depth to bath diameter (LZD) was 0.190.26.
- Table 1 shows the conditions and results of the examples and comparative examples.
- Example 4 the pressure, the carbon concentration, the oxygen supply rate, and the flow rate of the bottom blown gas were controlled according to the relationships shown in Bc and 8 in FIGS. 7 to 9, and both ⁇ and 720 LZD were 0.20 It is in the proper range of 30.
- (T.Fe) The converter blow with a low element concentration and high yield was performed in a short time of only 6.1 minutes, and no slopping occurred.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019997008634A KR100357360B1 (ko) | 1997-03-21 | 1998-03-19 | 가압 전로 제강법 |
AT98909768T ATE242339T1 (de) | 1997-03-21 | 1998-03-19 | Verfahren zur herstellung von stahl im konverter unter druck |
EP98909768A EP0974675B1 (en) | 1997-03-21 | 1998-03-19 | Pressure converter steel making method |
US09/381,359 US6284016B1 (en) | 1997-03-21 | 1998-03-19 | Pressure converter steelmaking method |
DE69815334T DE69815334T2 (de) | 1997-03-21 | 1998-03-19 | Verfahren zur herstellung von stahl im konverter unter druck |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP6714997A JPH10259409A (ja) | 1997-03-21 | 1997-03-21 | 加圧転炉製鋼法 |
JP9/67149 | 1997-03-21 | ||
JP9/67150 | 1997-03-21 | ||
JP6715097A JPH10259410A (ja) | 1997-03-21 | 1997-03-21 | 加圧転炉製鋼法 |
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WO1998042879A1 true WO1998042879A1 (fr) | 1998-10-01 |
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PCT/JP1998/001188 WO1998042879A1 (fr) | 1997-03-21 | 1998-03-19 | Procede servant a produire de l'acier au convertisseur sous pression |
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US (1) | US6284016B1 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP0974675B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100357360B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1080317C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE242339T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69815334T2 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW424111B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1998042879A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6711191B1 (en) | 1999-03-04 | 2004-03-23 | Nichia Corporation | Nitride semiconductor laser device |
US7083996B2 (en) | 1999-02-09 | 2006-08-01 | Nichia Corporation | Nitride semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof |
US7365369B2 (en) | 1997-06-11 | 2008-04-29 | Nichia Corporation | Nitride semiconductor device |
US7977687B2 (en) | 2008-05-09 | 2011-07-12 | National Chiao Tung University | Light emitter device |
Families Citing this family (4)
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JP4273688B2 (ja) * | 2000-11-16 | 2009-06-03 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 転炉吹錬方法 |
US8309231B2 (en) | 2006-05-31 | 2012-11-13 | Usg Interiors, Llc | Acoustical tile |
CN114150102B (zh) * | 2021-11-26 | 2023-05-02 | 德龙钢铁有限公司 | 基于复吹转炉熔池动态脱碳速率的烟道风机控制方法 |
CN117688819B (zh) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-04-26 | 北京科技大学 | 一种碳-氧反应作用下炼钢转炉熔池流场仿真方法及仿真系统 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH0860220A (ja) * | 1994-08-22 | 1996-03-05 | Nippon Steel Corp | 低炭素鋼の効率的な転炉精錬方法 |
JPH09170011A (ja) * | 1995-12-20 | 1997-06-30 | Nippon Steel Corp | 高効率転炉製鋼法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
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JPS60197805A (ja) * | 1984-03-22 | 1985-10-07 | Nippon Steel Corp | 転炉廃ガス処理装置の炉内圧制御方法 |
JPS62146210A (ja) * | 1985-12-20 | 1987-06-30 | Nippon Steel Corp | 転炉廃ガス処理装置における炉内圧制御方法 |
JPS62263912A (ja) * | 1986-05-08 | 1987-11-16 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | 密閉転炉のldg回収方法 |
-
1998
- 1998-03-19 DE DE69815334T patent/DE69815334T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-03-19 CN CN98803508A patent/CN1080317C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-03-19 AT AT98909768T patent/ATE242339T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-03-19 WO PCT/JP1998/001188 patent/WO1998042879A1/ja active Search and Examination
- 1998-03-19 EP EP98909768A patent/EP0974675B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-19 EP EP02027939A patent/EP1291443A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-03-19 US US09/381,359 patent/US6284016B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-03-19 KR KR1019997008634A patent/KR100357360B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-03-20 TW TW087104204A patent/TW424111B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0860220A (ja) * | 1994-08-22 | 1996-03-05 | Nippon Steel Corp | 低炭素鋼の効率的な転炉精錬方法 |
JPH09170011A (ja) * | 1995-12-20 | 1997-06-30 | Nippon Steel Corp | 高効率転炉製鋼法 |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7365369B2 (en) | 1997-06-11 | 2008-04-29 | Nichia Corporation | Nitride semiconductor device |
US8592841B2 (en) | 1997-07-25 | 2013-11-26 | Nichia Corporation | Nitride semiconductor device |
US7083996B2 (en) | 1999-02-09 | 2006-08-01 | Nichia Corporation | Nitride semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof |
US6711191B1 (en) | 1999-03-04 | 2004-03-23 | Nichia Corporation | Nitride semiconductor laser device |
US7015053B2 (en) | 1999-03-04 | 2006-03-21 | Nichia Corporation | Nitride semiconductor laser device |
US7496124B2 (en) | 1999-03-04 | 2009-02-24 | Nichia Corporation | Nitride semiconductor laser device |
US7977687B2 (en) | 2008-05-09 | 2011-07-12 | National Chiao Tung University | Light emitter device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6284016B1 (en) | 2001-09-04 |
DE69815334D1 (de) | 2003-07-10 |
EP0974675A1 (en) | 2000-01-26 |
EP0974675A4 (en) | 2000-12-20 |
KR20010005571A (ko) | 2001-01-15 |
KR100357360B1 (ko) | 2002-10-19 |
CN1080317C (zh) | 2002-03-06 |
TW424111B (en) | 2001-03-01 |
EP0974675B1 (en) | 2003-06-04 |
CN1251139A (zh) | 2000-04-19 |
EP1291443A2 (en) | 2003-03-12 |
ATE242339T1 (de) | 2003-06-15 |
EP1291443A3 (en) | 2003-06-04 |
DE69815334T2 (de) | 2004-09-09 |
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