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WO1998027440A1 - Transponder with a microwave receive antenna - Google Patents

Transponder with a microwave receive antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998027440A1
WO1998027440A1 PCT/DE1997/002890 DE9702890W WO9827440A1 WO 1998027440 A1 WO1998027440 A1 WO 1998027440A1 DE 9702890 W DE9702890 W DE 9702890W WO 9827440 A1 WO9827440 A1 WO 9827440A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transponder
chip card
transponder according
antenna
radiation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1997/002890
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gerhard Schraud
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO1998027440A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998027440A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2225—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/75—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors
    • G01S13/751—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors wherein the responder or reflector radiates a coded signal
    • G01S13/758—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors wherein the responder or reflector radiates a coded signal using a signal generator powered by the interrogation signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a transponder according to the preamble of claim 1, i.e. a transponder with a microwave receiving antenna.
  • Transponders are electrical devices that are able to communicate independently with a transceiver at the instigation of them.
  • Transponders designed for relatively short distances (up to a few meters) between the transponder and the transceiver station can do without their own power supply; the energy required for proper operation can be obtained from the transmitting / receiving station.
  • Both the energy transmission from the transmitting / receiving station to the transponder as well as the communication, i.e. the information exchange between the transmitting / receiving station and the transponder is usually wireless.
  • the energy transmission and information exchange can take place via stationary fields, more precisely via an inductive / transformer near-field coupling in the short-wave range.
  • the energy transmission and the information exchange can be carried out via electromagnetic waves occur.
  • a transponder of this type is known for example from EP 0 070 047.
  • the transponder known from the cited document is a transponder integrated in a contactless chip card and designed for receiving and sending microwaves and essentially consists of a semiconductor chip, an energy recovery unit, a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna. Since the transponder described does not have its own power supply, it is inactive if and as long as there is no transmitting / receiving station nearby.
  • the energy generation unit can use the microwaves sent by the transmitting / receiving station and received via the receiving antenna of the transponder Operation of the transponder extract the energy required, as a result of which the transponder, more precisely the semiconductor chip thereof, is activated. In the activated state, the transponder is able to communicate with the transmitting / receiving station in a predetermined manner. For this purpose, the microwaves received by the transponder are evaluated (in parallel with energy generation) with regard to the useful information contained therein. If it turns out that a reply is expected from the transponder in question, it sends it via the transmitting antenna to the requesting transmitting / receiving station.
  • transponder described above and known from EP 0 079 047 A2 is a transponder according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Chip cards containing such transponders or other objects and systems can be used in a variety of ways and will probably become widespread in the near future.
  • a disadvantage of such transponders, however, is their relatively complicated structure. In particular, the practical implementation of the transmitting and receiving antennas requires considerable technical effort.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of developing the transponder in accordance with the preamble of patent claim 1 in such a way that it has a simplified, but nevertheless extremely reliably functioning structure.
  • the transponder has a reflection factor modulator which is provided for modulating the reflection factor of the microwave receiving antenna.
  • the microwave reception antenna acts normally as a reception antenna, whereas the setting of a high reflection factor causes the more or less complete reflection of the microwaves arriving at the reception antenna, as a result of which the reception antenna acts like a transmission antenna.
  • the provision of the reflection factor modulator thus makes it possible to dispense with a separate transmission antenna and the circuit parts, such as HF generators and the like, required to generate the signals to be transmitted.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a chip card containing an exemplary embodiment of the transponder according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view through a chip card module integrated in the chip card according to FIG. 1 along a dashed line in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the chip card module shown in FIG. 2 when inserted in a chip card body
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation to explain the
  • FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the chip card module
  • Figure 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the antenna of the transponder
  • FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of a chip card containing the antenna according to FIG. 6.
  • the transponder described in more detail below is a transponder provided in a contactless chip card.
  • transponder described is not only in chip cards, but - if necessary with appropriate adaptation to the respective conditions - can in principle also be installed in any other objects and systems.
  • the chip card in which the transponder described is integrated may not have its own power supply for operating the circuits provided thereon or therein.
  • the energy required to operate the said circuits may be taken from the electromagnetic radiation which is emitted by a transceiver station in order to address nearby smart cards.
  • transponder described can in principle also be used in objects and systems which have their own power supply for the circuits contained therein.
  • the electromagnetic radiation to which the transponder should respond or is responsive in the example under consideration is microwaves, preferably millimeter waves, in particular in the frequency range between 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz.
  • the frequency range mentioned is preferred in the exemplary embodiment under consideration because the dimensions of the antennas to be provided for this purpose can be accommodated relatively well in chip cards and because the use of these frequencies for telecontrol radio systems of low power, which also include systems working with contactless chip cards, official permits are available.
  • frequencies in the MHz range can also be used, for example.
  • the transponder described and the transceiver stations via which it can be addressed may be suitable for so-called long-range systems with ranges of more than 70 cm (hands-free systems); the framework conditions required for this are met through the use of electromagnetic waves as energy and information carriers.
  • transponder and the transceiver station can also be designed for any other range.
  • the chip card containing the transponder consists of a chip card body 4 and a chip card module 2 inserted into a corresponding recess thereof.
  • the chip card body 4 is constructed in several layers; it consists, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 3, of a plate-shaped lower part 4a, a likewise plate-shaped upper part 4c of an electrically conductive layer 4b arranged between them.
  • the lower part 4a and the upper part 4c are made of plastic, preferably PVC or the like.
  • the electrically conductive layer 4b is a metal layer applied to the lower part 4a over the entire surface.
  • Upper part 4c are connected to one another, for example, by lamination.
  • the electrically conductive layer 4b forms the conductive base plane of a microstrip antenna integrated in the chip card.
  • the upper part 4c has a punched-out or milled-out section, which forms the aforementioned recess in the chip card body 4 for inserting the chip card module 2.
  • the chip card module 2 essentially consists of a plastic module carrier, partially provided with an electrically conductive layer, made of plastic, a semiconductor chip 1 applied to the coating side and a chip cover 6 covering it.
  • the electrically conductive layer is structured as shown in FIG. 1; they form two radiation surfaces 5, a feed line 3a connecting them and a strip line 3b.
  • the radiation surfaces 5 are planar rectangular structures which, in cooperation with the electrically conductive layer 4b of the chip card body 4, each form a planar microstrip antenna.
  • Microstrip antennas are ideal for use in chip cards due to their design and size.
  • the size or the geometric dimensions can be kept particularly small in microstrip antennas integrated in chip cards, because the sections of the chip card body 4 and the chip card module 2 located between the radiation surfaces 5 and the electrically conductive layer 4b act as a dielectric which causes a wavelength reduction factor.
  • the radiation surfaces 5 and the feed line 3a connecting them form, in the illustration according to FIG. 1, an upside-down U.
  • the U corresponding to the length of the U-legs
  • the length of the radiation surfaces 5 is ⁇ / 2, whereby, as already indicated above, ⁇ does not represent the wavelength ⁇ 0 of the electromagnetic waves for which the antenna is designed, but rather represents the material wavelength and is based on the equation
  • the lateral distance between the two radiation surfaces 5, more precisely the distance between the centers thereof, is preferably ⁇ for an in-phase excitation by the receivable electromagnetic radiation (microwaves with the wavelength ⁇ 0 ), but can also be chosen differently.
  • the radiation energy received via the radiation surfaces 5 is converted into electrical energy by this and is coupled out as such via the feed line 3a and fed to the semiconductor chip 1 and / or other circuits.
  • the decoupling takes place with high impedance at the empty longitudinal ends of the radiation surfaces 5; however, the coupling can also take place with a low resistance at the current belly in the middle of the radiation surfaces 5.
  • the radiation surfaces 5, which also function individually as antennas, are connected in parallel to one another, as a result of which the electrical energy which can be drawn increases accordingly.
  • Antenna voltages superimposed on feed line 3a are tapped approximately in the middle of feed line 3a at a connection point 7 and fed to a circuit in which they are utilized or evaluated with regard to the energy and information contained therein.
  • the processes taking place depend inter alia on the position of a switch 8 shown in FIG.
  • the position of the switch 8 is controlled by an evaluation circuit 10 which inputs the signals received by the antenna. evaluates content; When the evaluation circuit 10 is in a de-energized, ie non-operated state, the switch 8 is open.
  • the circuit downstream of the feed line 3a which incidentally is completely accommodated in the chip card module 2 and can at least partially be part of the semiconductor chip 1, is electrically connected to the radiation surfaces 5, which then act as a receiving antenna, and the latter connecting feed line 3a adapted; this means that a maximum of energy can be drawn from the antenna.
  • the voltage generated by a suitable radiation field in the radiation surfaces 5 and tapped by them via the feed line 3a is rectified by a rectifier 9 and used as the supply voltage for the circuit according to FIG. With the provision of the supply voltage, the circuit can start operating. This also activates the evaluation circuit 10 already mentioned above.
  • the evaluation circuit 10 When the evaluation circuit 10 is activated, it starts monitoring and evaluating the signals received via the antenna. It is determined in particular whether the chip card in question is addressed by the received signals and whether feedback to the transmitting transceiver station is required.
  • connection point 7 of the feed line 3a By closing the switch 8, a connection is established from the connection point 7 of the feed line 3a to the strip line 3b, more precisely a connection point 7 thereof.
  • the length of the strip line 3b is dimensioned such that it cooperates with the connection to the feed line 3a acts as a ⁇ / 4 line.
  • the strip line 3b and the connection to the feed line 3a are idle. This means that no electrical consumers of any kind are supplied with energy when the switch 8 is closed; due to their dimensions, they do not act as emitters.
  • the no-load (open) termination of the ⁇ / 4 line is transformed (as a result of the reflection taking place at the line end of the ⁇ / 4 line) into a short circuit at the beginning of the line (at the connection point 7 of the feed line 3a).
  • the short circuit at the beginning of the line of the ⁇ / 4 line also acts as a short circuit of the antenna formed by the radiation surfaces 5 and the electrically conductive layer 4b, as a result of which, as a result, electromagnetic waves arriving at the radiation surfaces 5 are essentially completely reflected back to the transmitting / receiving station.
  • the waves reflected back from the transponder antenna to the transmitting / receiving station can be received and evaluated by the latter.
  • the switch 8 and the evaluation circuit 10 controlling it form a reflection factor modulator, by means of which the reflection factor of the transponder antenna can be changed and modulated.
  • the transponder can transmit any information to the transmitting / receiving station in any code.
  • the rectifier cannot obtain the energy required for operating the semiconductor chip 1 and / or other circuits; the rectifier 9 even blocks in this state.
  • the transponder contains one to bridge these times Energy storage such as, for example, a capacitor or the like connected in parallel with the rectifier 9, with the aid of which an intended operation of the semiconductor chip 1 or the other circuit can be maintained.
  • the capacitance of the capacitor can be relatively low because, due to the high carrier frequency (MHz or GHz), only very short interruptions are required in order to send clearly identifiable information.
  • the described way of short-circuiting the transponder antenna makes it unnecessary to establish an electrical connection to the electrically conductive layer 4b.
  • This is advantageous in that an indirect or direct connection of the electrically conductive layer 4b accommodated in the chip card body 4 to one or more of the radiation surfaces 5 accommodated in the chip card module 2 can be connected with a not inconsiderable effort.
  • the chip card module 2 In the chip card described, almost all transponder components can be accommodated in the chip card module 2, in particular due to the elegant solution to the antenna problem; only the electrically conductive layer 4b is still in the chip card body 4. Since no electrical contact has to be made with the electrically conductive layer 4b, no electrical connections have to be provided between the chip card module 2 and the chip card body 4. The chip card module 2 therefore only has to be inserted into the recess provided for this purpose in the chip card body 4 and connected to it in the inserted position (for example by an adhesive 11).
  • the production of the chip card module 2 itself is also relatively simple, since the circuit components mentioned above (switch 8, equal judge 9, evaluation circuit 10) can (but need not) be integrated into the semiconductor chip 1; In this case, the switch 8 and the rectifier 9 are implemented either by a CMOS-FET or Schottky diodes or as bipolar components in BiCMOS technology.
  • the entire chip card production is thus very simple and can be carried out largely or even completely by conventional chip card production processes.
  • the way of short-circuiting the transponder antenna described above proves to be very advantageous, there is no restriction to this.
  • the possible omission of the provision of a separate transmitting antenna in the transponder is independent of the manner in which the transponder antenna is short-circuited.
  • the reflection factor modulation described above makes it possible to selectively select one of two different reflection factors. Although this is not described in detail here, it would also be conceivable to provide intermediate stages. As a result, an amplitude modulation of the waves reflected from the transponder to the transmitting / receiving station could be realized.
  • the radiation surfaces 5 and the feed line 3a are connected directly to one another; they are formed by a corresponding metallic coating on the side of the module carrier carrying the semiconductor chip 1.
  • the capacitive coupling ratio is determined by the thickness of the module carrier and the overlap area between the respective radiation areas 5 and the feed line 3a.
  • the chip card module according to FIG. 5 has the advantage over the chip card module according to FIG. 2 that the radiation surfaces 5 have better reception and radiation behavior due to their exposed position (at or near the chip card surface).
  • the transponder antenna can also be modified with regard to the number of radiation areas 5.
  • two such antennas are connected in parallel (interconnected to form an antenna pair that adds up in terms of effectiveness).
  • several antennas can also be interconnected.
  • FIG. 6 A possible arrangement and connection of six antennas is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the arrangement shown consists of three identically designed antenna pairs which, more precisely, their feed lines 3a are connected to one another via connecting lines 3c. To achieve an in-phase excitation of the respective antenna pairs, these, or more precisely their centers, are each spaced from one another by ⁇ . The maximum antenna gain can be achieved if the connecting lines 3c are each ⁇ long.
  • Such an antenna group or one of a different design can also be subjected to a reflection factor modulation by connecting it to the open strip line 3b which is still present.
  • Such a microwave antenna group consisting of a multiplicity of radiation surfaces 5 is clearly superior in several respects to an antenna having only one or two radiation surfaces 5. It has a higher antenna gain and a better directional characteristic, which makes it more sensitive and suitable for longer ranges.
  • Such an antenna group is preferably accommodated on a chip card insert forming its own chip card layer.
  • FIG. 1 A cross section through a chip card containing a chip card 12 is illustrated in FIG.
  • the chip card according to FIG. 7 has a plate-like lower part 4a with an electrically conductive layer 4b applied thereon. However, a central part 4d, the chip card insert 12 and an upper part 4e modified with respect to the upper part 4c are arranged above this.
  • the chip card insert 12 consists of a foil-like insert carrier, an electrically conductive coating forming the radiation surfaces 5, the feed lines 3a, the strip line 3b and the connecting lines 3c. device, the semiconductor chip 1 and the chip cover 6, which are arranged as shown in FIG. 7, that is to say essentially in the same relative position as in the chip card module 2.
  • the ticking carrier has an area corresponding to the chip card area.
  • the middle part 4d has a punched-out or milled-out portion, which is dimensioned and positioned such that the semiconductor chip 1 and the chip cover 6 can come to rest in it when the chip card insert 12 is placed thereon.
  • the upper part 4e to be placed over the chip card insert 12 has no cutout and serves purely to cover the chip card components located underneath.
  • the lower part 4a with the electrically conductive base area 4b provided thereon, the middle part 4d, the chip card insert 12 and the upper part 4e can be connected to one another, for example, by lamination.
  • the chip card shown in FIG. 7 almost all transponder components can be accommodated in the chip card insert 12; only the electrically conductive layer 4b is still in the chip card body 4. Since no electrical contact has to be made with the electrically conductive layer 4b, no electrical connections have to be provided between the chip card insert 12 and the chip card body 4. The chip card insert 12 therefore only has to be connected mechanically (for example by gluing and / or laminating) to the remaining chip card components.
  • the production of the chip card according to FIG. 7 is also very simple and can be carried out largely or even completely using conventional chip card production processes.
  • the transponders described have such a simple structure that not only their construction itself, but also their integration into a chip card or other objects and systems can be carried out with considerably less effort than before.
  • the transponder antenna which acts as a transmitting and receiving antenna, is of excellent quality despite its simple structure (good efficiency, high antenna gain, effective reflection), so that the transmission power of a transceiver which responds to the transponder can be kept very low and none even with larger ranges Poses a danger to people in the radiation field.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a transponder characterized by a reflection factor modulator (8,10) used to modulate the reflection factor of the microwave receiver (4b,5). This means that the usual transmit antenna can be dispensed with, thereby considerably simplifying the structure of the transponder and the systems contained therein.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Transponder mit einer ikrowellen-Empf ngsantenneTransponder with a microwave receiving antenna
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Transponder gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1, d.h. einen Transponder mit einer Mikrowellen-Empfangsantenne .The present invention relates to a transponder according to the preamble of claim 1, i.e. a transponder with a microwave receiving antenna.
Transponder sind elektrische Einrichtungen, die in der Lage sind, selbständig mit einer Sende/Empfangsstation auf deren Veranlassung hin zu kommunizieren.Transponders are electrical devices that are able to communicate independently with a transceiver at the instigation of them.
Insbesondere für relativ kurze Entfernungen (bis zu einigen Metern) zwischen Transponder und Sende/Empfangsstation ausge- legte Transponder können ohne eigene Stromversorgung auskommen; die für den ordnungsgemäßen Betrieb benötigte Energie kann von der Sende/Empfangsstation erhalten werden.Transponders designed for relatively short distances (up to a few meters) between the transponder and the transceiver station can do without their own power supply; the energy required for proper operation can be obtained from the transmitting / receiving station.
Sowohl die Energieübertragung von der Sende/Empfangsstation zum Transponder als auch die Kommunikation, d.h. der Informationsaustausch zwischen der Sende/Empfangsstation und dem Transponder erfolgen in der Regel drahtlos .Both the energy transmission from the transmitting / receiving station to the transponder as well as the communication, i.e. the information exchange between the transmitting / receiving station and the transponder is usually wireless.
Hierzu können je nach Anwendung des Transponders verschieden- artige technische Effekte ausgenutzt werden:Depending on the application of the transponder, various technical effects can be used:
Bei geringen Entfernungen zwischen der Sende/Empfangsstation und dem Transponder (Entfernungen bis zu mehreren zehn Zentimetern) können die Energieübertragung und der Informations- austausch über stationäre Felder, genauer gesagt über eine induktive/transformatorische Nahfeld-Kopplung im Kurzwellenbereich erfolgen.With short distances between the transmitting / receiving station and the transponder (distances of up to several tens of centimeters), the energy transmission and information exchange can take place via stationary fields, more precisely via an inductive / transformer near-field coupling in the short-wave range.
Bei größeren Entfernungen zwischen der Sende/Empfangsstation und dem Transponder (Entfernungen ab ungefähr 70 cm) können die Energieübertragung und der Informationsaustausch über elektromagnetische Wellen erfolgen. Ein Transponder dieser Art ist beispielsweise aus der EP 0 070 047 bekannt.In the case of larger distances between the transmitting / receiving station and the transponder (distances from approximately 70 cm), the energy transmission and the information exchange can be carried out via electromagnetic waves occur. A transponder of this type is known for example from EP 0 070 047.
Der aus der genannten Druckschrift bekannte Transponder ist ein in einer kontaktlosen Chipkarte integrierter, zum Empfangen und Versenden von Mikrowellen ausgelegter Transponder und besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Halbleiter-Chip, einer Energiegewinnungseinheit, einer Empfangsantenne und einer Sendeantenne. Da der beschriebene Transponder über keine eigene Stromversorgung verfügt, ist er inaktiv, wenn und solange keine sendende Sende/Empfangsstation in der Nähe ist. Kommt der Transponder in die Nähe einer sendenden Sende/ Empfangsstation oder beginnt eine in der Nähe des Transponders befindliche Sende/Empfangsstation zu senden, so kann die Energiegewinnungseinheit aus den von der Sende/Empfangs- station versandten und über die Empfangsantenne des Transponders empfangenen Mikrowellen die zum Betrieb des Transponders benötigte Energie extrahieren, wodurch der Transponder, genauer gesagt der Halbleiter-Chip desselben akti- viert wird. Im aktivierten Zustand ist der Transponder in der Lage, in vorbestimmter Weise mit der Sende/Empfangsstation zu kommunizieren. Hierzu werden (parallel zur Energiegewinnung) die vom Transponder empfangenen Mikrowellen hinsichtlich der darin enthaltenen NutzInformation ausgewertet. Ergibt sich dabei, daß von dem betreffenden Transponder eine Rückantwort erwartet wird, so versendet er diese über die Sendeantenne zur anfordernden Sende/Empfangsstation.The transponder known from the cited document is a transponder integrated in a contactless chip card and designed for receiving and sending microwaves and essentially consists of a semiconductor chip, an energy recovery unit, a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna. Since the transponder described does not have its own power supply, it is inactive if and as long as there is no transmitting / receiving station nearby. If the transponder comes in the vicinity of a transmitting / receiving station or if a transmitting / receiving station located near the transponder starts to transmit, the energy generation unit can use the microwaves sent by the transmitting / receiving station and received via the receiving antenna of the transponder Operation of the transponder extract the energy required, as a result of which the transponder, more precisely the semiconductor chip thereof, is activated. In the activated state, the transponder is able to communicate with the transmitting / receiving station in a predetermined manner. For this purpose, the microwaves received by the transponder are evaluated (in parallel with energy generation) with regard to the useful information contained therein. If it turns out that a reply is expected from the transponder in question, it sends it via the transmitting antenna to the requesting transmitting / receiving station.
Der vorstehend beschriebene, aus der EP 0 079 047 A2 bekannte Transponder ist ein Transponder gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The transponder described above and known from EP 0 079 047 A2 is a transponder according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
Derartige Transponder enthaltende Chipkarten oder sonstige Gegenstände und Systeme sind mannigfaltig einsetzbar und wer- den vermutlich schon in naher Zukunft eine weite Verbreitung erlangen. Nachteilig an derartigen Transpondern ist jedoch deren relativ komplizierter Aufbau. Insbesondere die praktische Realisierung der Sende- und Empfangsantennen erfordert einen erheblichen technischen Aufwand.Chip cards containing such transponders or other objects and systems can be used in a variety of ways and will probably become widespread in the near future. A disadvantage of such transponders, however, is their relatively complicated structure. In particular, the practical implementation of the transmitting and receiving antennas requires considerable technical effort.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Transponder gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 derart weiterzubilden, daß dieser einen vereinfachten, aber dennoch äußerst zuverlässig funktionierenden Aufbau aufweist.The present invention is therefore based on the object of developing the transponder in accordance with the preamble of patent claim 1 in such a way that it has a simplified, but nevertheless extremely reliably functioning structure.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch das im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 beanspruchte Merkmal gelöst .This object is achieved by the feature claimed in the characterizing part of claim 1.
Demnach weist der Transponder einen zur Modulation des Re- flexionsfaktors der Mikrowellen-Empfangsantenne vorgesehenen Reflexionsfaktormodulator auf.Accordingly, the transponder has a reflection factor modulator which is provided for modulating the reflection factor of the microwave receiving antenna.
Bei Einstellung eines geringen Reflexionsfaktors wirkt die Mikrowellen-Empfangsantenne normal als Empfangsantenne, wo- hingegen die Einstellung eines hohen Reflexionsfaktors die mehr oder weniger vollständige Reflexion der an der Empfangs- antenne ankommenden Mikrowellen verursacht, wodurch die Empfangsantenne im Ergebnis wie eine Sendeantenne wirkt.If a low reflection factor is set, the microwave reception antenna acts normally as a reception antenna, whereas the setting of a high reflection factor causes the more or less complete reflection of the microwaves arriving at the reception antenna, as a result of which the reception antenna acts like a transmission antenna.
Das Vorsehen des Reflexionsfaktormodulators ermöglicht mithin einen Verzicht auf eine separate Sendeantenne und die zur Generierung der zu versendenden Signale erforderlichen Schaltungsteile wie HF-Generatoren und dergleichen.The provision of the reflection factor modulator thus makes it possible to dispense with a separate transmission antenna and the circuit parts, such as HF generators and the like, required to generate the signals to be transmitted.
Der mögliche Verzicht der genannten Komponenten ermöglicht einen vereinfachten, aber nichtsdestotrotz hervorragend funktionierenden Transponderaufbau .The possible omission of the components mentioned enables a simplified, but nonetheless outstandingly functioning, transponder structure.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche. Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeipie- len unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigenAdvantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. Show it
Figur 1 eine Draufsicht auf eine ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Transponders enthaltende Chipkarte,FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a chip card containing an exemplary embodiment of the transponder according to the invention,
Figur 2 eine Querschnittsansicht durch ein in der Chipkarte gemäß Figur 1 integriertes Chipkartenmodul entlang einer in der Figur 1 gestrichelt eingezeichnetenFIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view through a chip card module integrated in the chip card according to FIG. 1 along a dashed line in FIG. 1
Linie,Line,
Figur 3 eine Querschnittsansicht des in der Figur 2 gezeigten Chipkartenmoduls im in einen Chipkartenkörper ein- gesetzten Zustand,FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the chip card module shown in FIG. 2 when inserted in a chip card body,
Figur 4 eine schematische Darstellung zur Erläuterung derFigure 4 is a schematic representation to explain the
Verschaltung und der Reflexionsfaktormodulation einer Antenne des Transponders,Interconnection and the reflection factor modulation of an antenna of the transponder,
Figur 5 eine alternative Ausführungsform des Chipkartenmoduls,FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the chip card module,
Figur 6 eine alternative Ausführungsform der Antenne des Transponders, undFigure 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the antenna of the transponder, and
Figur 7 eine Querschnittsansicht einer die Antenne gemäß Figur 6 enthaltenden Chipkarte.FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of a chip card containing the antenna according to FIG. 6.
Der im folgenden näher beschriebene Transponder ist ein in einer kontaktlosen Chipkarte vorgesehener Transponder.The transponder described in more detail below is a transponder provided in a contactless chip card.
Es sei jedoch bereits an dieser Stelle darauf hingewiesen, daß der beschriebene Transponder nicht nur in Chipkarten, sondern - gegebenenfalls unter entsprechender Anpassung an die jeweiligen Verhältnisse - grundsätzlich auch in beliebige andere Gegenstände und Systeme einbaubar ist .However, it should be pointed out at this point that the transponder described is not only in chip cards, but - if necessary with appropriate adaptation to the respective conditions - can in principle also be installed in any other objects and systems.
Die Chipkarte, in welcher der beschriebene Transponder inte- griert ist, möge keine eigene Stromversorgung zum Betrieb der darauf bzw. darin vorgesehenen Schaltungen aufweisen. Die zum Betrieb der besagten Schaltungen erforderliche Energie möge der elektromagnetischen Strahlung entnommen werden, die von einer Sende/Empfangsstation ausgesandt wird, um in der Nähe befindliche Chipkarten anzusprechen.The chip card in which the transponder described is integrated may not have its own power supply for operating the circuits provided thereon or therein. The energy required to operate the said circuits may be taken from the electromagnetic radiation which is emitted by a transceiver station in order to address nearby smart cards.
Auch hierauf besteht jedoch keine Einschränkung. Der beschriebene Transponder ist grundsätzlich auch in Gegenständen und Systemen einsetzbar, die über eine eigene Stromversorgung für die dort enthaltenen Schaltungen verfügen.However, there is no restriction to this either. The transponder described can in principle also be used in objects and systems which have their own power supply for the circuits contained therein.
Die elektromagnetische Strahlung, auf die der Transponder ansprechen soll oder anspricht, sind im betrachteten Beispiel Mikrowellen, vorzugsweise Millimeterwellen, und zwar insbe- sondere im Frequenzbereich zwischen 2,45 GHz und 5,8 GHz. Der genannte Frequenzbereich wird im betrachteten Ausführungsbeispiel bevorzugt, weil die hierfür vorzusehenden Antennen von deren Abmessungen her relativ gut in Chipkarten unterbringbar sind und weil für die Verwendung dieser Frequenzen für Fern- wirk-Funkanlagen kleiner Leistung, zu denen auch mit kontaktlosen Chipkarten arbeitende Systeme zählen, behördliche Genehmigungen vorliegen.The electromagnetic radiation to which the transponder should respond or is responsive in the example under consideration is microwaves, preferably millimeter waves, in particular in the frequency range between 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The frequency range mentioned is preferred in the exemplary embodiment under consideration because the dimensions of the antennas to be provided for this purpose can be accommodated relatively well in chip cards and because the use of these frequencies for telecontrol radio systems of low power, which also include systems working with contactless chip cards, official permits are available.
Nichtsdestotrotz besteht grundsätzlich auch die Möglichkeit, mit außerhalb des genannten Frequenzbereichs liegenden Frequenzen zu arbeiten. Bei den im folgenden näher beschriebenen Chipkarten können beispielsweise auch noch im MHz-Bereich liegende Frequenzen zum Einsatz kommen.Nevertheless, there is always the possibility to work with frequencies outside the frequency range mentioned. In the chip cards described in more detail below, frequencies in the MHz range can also be used, for example.
Der beschriebene Transponder und die Sende/Empfangsstationen, über welche dieser ansprechbar ist, mögen für sogenannte Long-Range-Systeme mit Reichweiten von mehr als 70 cm (handsfree Systems) ausgelegt sein; die hierfür erforderlichen Rahmenbedingungen sind durch die Verwendung von elektromagnetischen Wellen als Energie- und Informationsträger erfüllt.The transponder described and the transceiver stations via which it can be addressed may be suitable for so-called long-range systems with ranges of more than 70 cm (hands-free systems); the framework conditions required for this are met through the use of electromagnetic waves as energy and information carriers.
Prinzipiell können der Transponder und die Sende/Empfangsstation jedoch auch für jede beliebige andere Reichweite ausgelegt sein.In principle, however, the transponder and the transceiver station can also be designed for any other range.
Wie insbesondere aus den Figuren 1 und 3 ersichtlich ist, besteht die den Transponder enthaltende Chipkarte aus einem Chipkartenkörper 4 und einem in eine entsprechende Ausnehmung desselben eingesetzten Chipkartenmodul 2.As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 1 and 3, the chip card containing the transponder consists of a chip card body 4 and a chip card module 2 inserted into a corresponding recess thereof.
Der Chipkartenkörper 4 ist mehrlagig aufgebaut; er besteht, wie insbesondere aus der Figur 3 ersichtlich ist, aus einem plattenformigen Unterteil 4a, einem ebenfalls plattenformigen Oberteil 4c einer zwischen diesen angeordneten elektrisch leitenden Schicht 4b.The chip card body 4 is constructed in several layers; it consists, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 3, of a plate-shaped lower part 4a, a likewise plate-shaped upper part 4c of an electrically conductive layer 4b arranged between them.
Das Unterteil 4a und das Oberteil 4c bestehen aus Kunststoff, vorzugsweise aus PVC oder dergleichen. Die elektrisch leitende Schicht 4b ist eine auf dem Unterteil 4a im wesentlich ganzflächig aufgebrachte Metallschicht. Das mit der elek- trisch leitenden Schicht 4b versehene Unterteil 4a und dasThe lower part 4a and the upper part 4c are made of plastic, preferably PVC or the like. The electrically conductive layer 4b is a metal layer applied to the lower part 4a over the entire surface. The lower part 4a provided with the electrically conductive layer 4b and the
Oberteil 4c sind beispielsweise durch Laminieren miteinander verbunden.Upper part 4c are connected to one another, for example, by lamination.
Die elektrisch leitende Schicht 4b bildet die leitende Grund- ebene einer in der Chipkarte integrierten Mikrostreifen- antenne .The electrically conductive layer 4b forms the conductive base plane of a microstrip antenna integrated in the chip card.
Das Oberteil 4c weist eine Ausstanzung oder Ausfräsung auf, welche die zuvor bereits erwähnte Ausnehmung des Chipkarten- körpers 4 zum Einsetzen des Chipkartenmoduls 2 bildet. Das Chipkartenmodul 2 besteht, wie insbesondere aus Figur 2 ersichtlich ist, im wesentlichen aus einem teilweise mit einer elektrisch leitenden Schicht versehenen, folienartig ausgebildeten Modulträger aus Kunststoff, einem auf der Beschichtungsseite aufgebrachten Halbleiter-Chip 1 und einer diesen bedeckenden Chipabdeckung 6.The upper part 4c has a punched-out or milled-out section, which forms the aforementioned recess in the chip card body 4 for inserting the chip card module 2. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 2, the chip card module 2 essentially consists of a plastic module carrier, partially provided with an electrically conductive layer, made of plastic, a semiconductor chip 1 applied to the coating side and a chip cover 6 covering it.
Die elektrisch leitende Schicht ist wie in Figur 1 gezeigt strukturiert; durch sie werden zwei Strahlungsflächen 5, eine diese verbindende Speiseleitung 3a und eine Streifenleitung 3b gebildet.The electrically conductive layer is structured as shown in FIG. 1; they form two radiation surfaces 5, a feed line 3a connecting them and a strip line 3b.
Die Strahlungsflächen 5 sind planare Rechteckstrukturen, die im Zusammenwirken mit der elektrisch leitenden Schicht 4b des Chipkartenkörpers 4 je eine planare Mikrostreifenantenne bilden.The radiation surfaces 5 are planar rectangular structures which, in cooperation with the electrically conductive layer 4b of the chip card body 4, each form a planar microstrip antenna.
Mikrostreifenantennen eignen sich aufgrund deren Konstruktion und Größe hervorragend für den Einsatz in Chipkarten. Die Größe bzw. die geometrischen Abmessungen können bei in Chipkarten integrierten Mikrostreifenantennen besonders gering gehalten werden, weil die zwischen den Strahlungsflächen 5 und der elektrisch leitenden Schicht 4b befindlichen Abschnitte des Chipkartenkörpers 4 und des Chipkartenmoduls 2 als ein einen Wellenlängenverkürzungsfaktor bedingendes Dielektrikum wirken.Microstrip antennas are ideal for use in chip cards due to their design and size. The size or the geometric dimensions can be kept particularly small in microstrip antennas integrated in chip cards, because the sections of the chip card body 4 and the chip card module 2 located between the radiation surfaces 5 and the electrically conductive layer 4b act as a dielectric which causes a wavelength reduction factor.
Die Strahlungsflächen 5 und die diese verbindende Speiseleitung 3a bilden in der Darstellung gemäß Figur 1 ein auf dem Kopf stehendes U. Die der Länge der U-Schenkel entsprechendeThe radiation surfaces 5 and the feed line 3a connecting them form, in the illustration according to FIG. 1, an upside-down U. The U corresponding to the length of the U-legs
Länge der Strahlungsflachen 5 beträgt λ/2, wobei, wie vorstehend bereits angedeutet wurde, λ nicht etwa die Wellenlänge λ0 der elektromagnetischen Wellen, für die die Antenne ausgelegt ist, sondern die Materialwellenlänge repräsentiert und sich nach der Gleichung
Figure imgf000010_0001
The length of the radiation surfaces 5 is λ / 2, whereby, as already indicated above, λ does not represent the wavelength λ 0 of the electromagnetic waves for which the antenna is designed, but rather represents the material wavelength and is based on the equation
Figure imgf000010_0001
berechnet. Der seitliche Abstand der beiden Strahlungsflächen 5 , genauer gesagt der Abstand der Zentren derselben beträgt für eine gleichphasige Anregung durch die empfangbare elektromagnetische Strahlung (Mikrowellen mit der Wellenlänge λ0) vorzugsweise λ, kann aber auch anders gewählt werden.calculated. The lateral distance between the two radiation surfaces 5, more precisely the distance between the centers thereof, is preferably λ for an in-phase excitation by the receivable electromagnetic radiation (microwaves with the wavelength λ 0 ), but can also be chosen differently.
Die über die Strahlungsflachen 5 empfangene Strahlungsenergie wird durch diese in elektrische Energie umgesetzt und als solche über die Speiseleitung 3a ausgekoppelt und dem Halbleiter-Chip 1 und/oder anderen Schaltungen zugeführt. Die Auskopplung erfolgt im betrachteten Beispiel hochohmig an den leerlaufenden Längsenden der Strahlungsflächen 5; die Aus- kopplung kann aber auch niederohmig am Strombauch in der Mitte der Strahlungsflächen 5 erfolgen.The radiation energy received via the radiation surfaces 5 is converted into electrical energy by this and is coupled out as such via the feed line 3a and fed to the semiconductor chip 1 and / or other circuits. In the example under consideration, the decoupling takes place with high impedance at the empty longitudinal ends of the radiation surfaces 5; however, the coupling can also take place with a low resistance at the current belly in the middle of the radiation surfaces 5.
Durch die wie beschrieben und in den Figuren gezeigt angeordnete Speiseleitung 3a werden die jeweils auch einzeln als Antennen funktionierenden Strahlungsflächen 5 parallel zueinander geschaltet, wodurch sich die entnehmbare elektrische Energie entsprechend erhöht.By means of the feed line 3a arranged as described and shown in the figures, the radiation surfaces 5, which also function individually as antennas, are connected in parallel to one another, as a result of which the electrical energy which can be drawn increases accordingly.
Wie insbesondere aus der Figur 4 ersichtlich ist, werden die aus den Strahlungsflächen 5 ausgekoppelten, sich auf derAs can be seen in particular from FIG. 4, those coupled out of the radiation surfaces 5 are located on the
Speiseleitung 3a überlagernden Antennenspannungen ungefähr in der Mitte der Speiseleitung 3a an einer Anschlußstelle 7 abgegriffen und einer Schaltung zugeführt, in welcher sie hinsichtlich der darin enthaltenen Energie und Information ver- wertet bzw. ausgewertet werden.Antenna voltages superimposed on feed line 3a are tapped approximately in the middle of feed line 3a at a connection point 7 and fed to a circuit in which they are utilized or evaluated with regard to the energy and information contained therein.
Die dabei ablaufenden Vorgänge hängen unter anderem von der Stellung eines in der Figur 4 gezeigten Schalters 8 ab. Die Stellung des Schalters 8 wird durch eine Auswerteschaltung 10 gesteuert, welche die von der Antenne empfangenen Signale in- haltlich auswertet; im spannungslosen, also nicht betriebenen Zustand der Auswerteschaltung 10 ist der Schalter 8 geöffnet .The processes taking place depend inter alia on the position of a switch 8 shown in FIG. The position of the switch 8 is controlled by an evaluation circuit 10 which inputs the signals received by the antenna. evaluates content; When the evaluation circuit 10 is in a de-energized, ie non-operated state, the switch 8 is open.
Wenn und so lange der Schalter 8 geöffnet ist, ist die der Speiseleitung 3a nachgeordnete Schaltung, welche übrigens vollständig im Chipkartenmodul 2 untergebracht ist und zumindest teilweise Bestandteil des Halbleiter-Chips l sein kann, elektrisch an die dann als Empfangsantenne wirkenden Strahlungsflächen 5 und die diese verbindende Speiseleitung 3a an- gepaßt; dadurch kann der Antenne maximal viel Energie entnommen werden. Die durch ein geeignetes Strahlungsfeld in den Strahlungsflächen 5 erzeugte und von diesen über die Speiseleitung 3a abgegriffene Spannung wird durch einen Gleichrichter 9 gleichgerichtet und als Versorgungsspannung für die Schaltung gemäß Figur 4 verwendet. Mit der Bereitstellung der Versorgungsspannung kann die Schaltung ihren Betrieb aufnehmen. Dadurch wird unter anderem auch die vorstehend bereits erwähnte Auswerteschaltung 10 aktiviert.When and as long as the switch 8 is open, the circuit downstream of the feed line 3a, which incidentally is completely accommodated in the chip card module 2 and can at least partially be part of the semiconductor chip 1, is electrically connected to the radiation surfaces 5, which then act as a receiving antenna, and the latter connecting feed line 3a adapted; this means that a maximum of energy can be drawn from the antenna. The voltage generated by a suitable radiation field in the radiation surfaces 5 and tapped by them via the feed line 3a is rectified by a rectifier 9 and used as the supply voltage for the circuit according to FIG. With the provision of the supply voltage, the circuit can start operating. This also activates the evaluation circuit 10 already mentioned above.
Mit der Aktivierung der Auswerteschaltung 10 beginnt diese mit der Überwachung und Auswertung der über die Antenne empfangenen Signale. Dabei wird insbesondere festgestellt, ob die betreffende Chipkarte durch die empfangenen Signale angesprochen ist und ob es einer Rückmeldung an die sendende Sende/Empfangsstation bedarf.When the evaluation circuit 10 is activated, it starts monitoring and evaluating the signals received via the antenna. It is determined in particular whether the chip card in question is addressed by the received signals and whether feedback to the transmitting transceiver station is required.
Wird durch die Auswerteschaltung 10 festgestellt, daß es einer Reaktion auf die von der Sende/Empfangsstation versandten Signale bedarf, so wird diese durch ein Schließen des Schalters 8 oder eine bestimmte Folge von Öffnungs- undIf it is determined by the evaluation circuit 10 that a reaction to the signals sent by the transmitting / receiving station is required, this is done by closing the switch 8 or by a certain sequence of opening and closing
Schließvorgängen veranlaßt.Closing causes.
Durch das Schließen des Schalters 8 wird eine Verbindung von der Anschlußstelle 7 der Speiseleitung 3a zur Streifenleitung 3b, genauer gesagt einer Anschlußstelle 7 derselben hergestellt. Die Länge der Streifenleitung 3b ist so bemessen, daß sie im Zusammenwirken mit der Verbindung zur Speiseleitung 3a als λ/4-Leitung wirkt. Die Streifenleitung 3b und die Verbindung zur Speiseleitung 3a sind leerlaufend. D.h., es werden über diese im geschlossenen Zustand des Schalters 8 keine wie auch immer gearteten elektrischen Verbraucher mit Energie versorgt; sie wirken insbesondere aufgrund deren Abmessungen auch nicht als Strahler.By closing the switch 8, a connection is established from the connection point 7 of the feed line 3a to the strip line 3b, more precisely a connection point 7 thereof. The length of the strip line 3b is dimensioned such that it cooperates with the connection to the feed line 3a acts as a λ / 4 line. The strip line 3b and the connection to the feed line 3a are idle. This means that no electrical consumers of any kind are supplied with energy when the switch 8 is closed; due to their dimensions, they do not act as emitters.
Der leerlaufende (offene) Abschluß der λ/4-Leitung wird (infolge der am Leitungsende der λ/4-Leitung stattfindenden Reflexion) in einen Kurzschluß am Leitungsanfang (an der Anschlußstelle 7 der Speiseleitung 3a) transformiert. Der Kurzschluß am Leitungsanfang der λ/4-Leitung wirkt zugleich als Kurzschluß der durch die Strahlungsflächen 5 und die elektrisch leitende Schicht 4b gebildeten Antenne, wodurch im Er- gebnis an den Strahlungsflächen 5 ankommende elektromagnetische Wellen im wesentlichen vollständig zur Sende/Empfangsstation zurückreflektiert werden.The no-load (open) termination of the λ / 4 line is transformed (as a result of the reflection taking place at the line end of the λ / 4 line) into a short circuit at the beginning of the line (at the connection point 7 of the feed line 3a). The short circuit at the beginning of the line of the λ / 4 line also acts as a short circuit of the antenna formed by the radiation surfaces 5 and the electrically conductive layer 4b, as a result of which, as a result, electromagnetic waves arriving at the radiation surfaces 5 are essentially completely reflected back to the transmitting / receiving station.
Die von der Transponderantenne zur Sende/Empfangsstation zurückreflektierten Wellen können von dieser empfangen und ausgewertet werden.The waves reflected back from the transponder antenna to the transmitting / receiving station can be received and evaluated by the latter.
Der Schalter 8 und die diesen ansteuernde Auswerteschaltung 10 bilden im Ergebnis einen Reflexionsfaktormodulator, durch welchen der Reflexionsfaktor der Transponderantenne verändert und moduliert werden kann.As a result, the switch 8 and the evaluation circuit 10 controlling it form a reflection factor modulator, by means of which the reflection factor of the transponder antenna can be changed and modulated.
Durch ein gezieltes Hin- und Herschalten des Schalters 8 können vom Transponder beliebige Informationen beliebig codiert zur Sende/Empfangsstation übertragen werden.By deliberately switching the switch 8 back and forth, the transponder can transmit any information to the transmitting / receiving station in any code.
Zu Zeiten, während derer der Schalter 8 geschlossen (die Transponderantenne kurzgeschlossen) ist, kann durch den Gleichrichter nicht die zum Betrieb des Halbleiter-Chips 1 und/oder sonstiger Schaltungen erforderliche Energie gewonnen werden; der Gleichrichter 9 sperrt in diesem Zustand sogar. Der Transponder enthält zur Überbrückung dieser Zeiten einen Energiespeicher wie beispielsweise einen parallel zum Gleichrichter 9 geschalteten Kondensator oder dergleichen, mit dessen Hilfe ein bestimmungsgemäßer Betrieb des Halbleiter-Chips l bzw. der sonstigen Schaltung aufrechterhalten werden kann. Die Kapazität des Kondensators kann relativ gering sein, weil aufgrund der hohen Trägerfrequenz (MHz oder GHz) nur sehr kurze Unterbrechungen erforderlich sind, um eindeutig identifizierbare Informationen zu versenden.At times during which the switch 8 is closed (the transponder antenna is short-circuited), the rectifier cannot obtain the energy required for operating the semiconductor chip 1 and / or other circuits; the rectifier 9 even blocks in this state. The transponder contains one to bridge these times Energy storage such as, for example, a capacitor or the like connected in parallel with the rectifier 9, with the aid of which an intended operation of the semiconductor chip 1 or the other circuit can be maintained. The capacitance of the capacitor can be relatively low because, due to the high carrier frequency (MHz or GHz), only very short interruptions are required in order to send clearly identifiable information.
Durch das Vorsehen einer Reflexionsfaktormodulation kann auf eine separate Sendeantenne zum aktiven Versenden von Informationen vom Transponder zur Sende/Empfangsstation verzichtet werden .The provision of a reflection factor modulation means that there is no need for a separate transmitting antenna for actively sending information from the transponder to the transmitting / receiving station.
Die beschriebene Art und Weise des Kurzschließens der Transponderantenne macht es überflüssig, eine elektrische Verbindung zur elektrisch leitenden Schicht 4b herzustellen. Dies ist insofern vorteilhaft, als eine mittelbare oder unmittelbare Verbindung der im Chipkartenkörper 4 untergebrachten elektrisch leitenden Schicht 4b mit einer oder mehreren der im Chipkartenmodul 2 untergebrachten Strahlungsflächen 5 mit einem nicht unerheblichen Aufwand verbunden sein kann.The described way of short-circuiting the transponder antenna makes it unnecessary to establish an electrical connection to the electrically conductive layer 4b. This is advantageous in that an indirect or direct connection of the electrically conductive layer 4b accommodated in the chip card body 4 to one or more of the radiation surfaces 5 accommodated in the chip card module 2 can be connected with a not inconsiderable effort.
Bei der beschriebenen Chipkarte sind insbesondere aufgrund der eleganten Lösung des Antennenproblems fast alle Transpon- derbestandteile im Chipkartenmodul 2 unterbringbar; nur die elektrisch leitende Schicht 4b befindet sich noch im Chipkartenkörper 4. Da zur elektrisch leitenden Schicht 4b kein elektrischer Kontakt hergestellt werden muß, müssen zwischen dem Chipkartenmodul 2 und dem Chipkartenkörper 4 keinerlei elektrische Verbindungen vorgesehen werden. Das Chipkartenmodul 2 muß daher lediglich in die dafür vorgesehene Aussparung des Chipkartenkörpers 4 eingesetzt und in der eingesetzten Stellung mit diesem (beispielsweise durch einen Kleber 11) verbunden werden. Auch die Herstellung des Chipkartenmoduls 2 selbst ist relativ einfach, denn die zuvor erwähnten Schaltungskomponenten desselben (Schalter 8, Gleich- richter 9, Auswerteschaltung 10) können (müssen aber nicht) in den Halbleiter-Chip l integriert werden; der Schalter 8 und der Gleichrichter 9 werden in diesem Fall entweder durch einen CMOS-FET bzw. Schottky-Dioden oder als bipolare Bau- elemente in BiCMOS-Technologie realisiert. Die gesamte Chipkartenherstellung gestaltet sich dadurch denkbar einfach und kann weitestgehend oder sogar vollständig durch herkömmliche Chipkarten-Herstellungsprozesse erfolgen.In the chip card described, almost all transponder components can be accommodated in the chip card module 2, in particular due to the elegant solution to the antenna problem; only the electrically conductive layer 4b is still in the chip card body 4. Since no electrical contact has to be made with the electrically conductive layer 4b, no electrical connections have to be provided between the chip card module 2 and the chip card body 4. The chip card module 2 therefore only has to be inserted into the recess provided for this purpose in the chip card body 4 and connected to it in the inserted position (for example by an adhesive 11). The production of the chip card module 2 itself is also relatively simple, since the circuit components mentioned above (switch 8, equal judge 9, evaluation circuit 10) can (but need not) be integrated into the semiconductor chip 1; In this case, the switch 8 and the rectifier 9 are implemented either by a CMOS-FET or Schottky diodes or as bipolar components in BiCMOS technology. The entire chip card production is thus very simple and can be carried out largely or even completely by conventional chip card production processes.
Obgleich sich die vorstehend beschriebene Art und Weise des Kurzschließens der Transponderantenne als sehr vorteilhaft erweist, besteht hierauf keine Einschränkung. Grundsätzlich ist es auch denkbar eine oder mehrere der Strahlungsflächen 5 über steuerbare Schalter mit der elektrisch leitenden Schicht 4b zu verbinden oder den angestrebten Kurzschluß auf beliebige andere Art und Weise zu bewirken. Der mögliche Verzicht auf das Vorsehen einer separaten Sendeantenne im Transponder ist unabhängig von der Art und Weise, auf die der Kurzschluß der Transponderantenne erfolgt .Although the way of short-circuiting the transponder antenna described above proves to be very advantageous, there is no restriction to this. In principle, it is also conceivable to connect one or more of the radiation surfaces 5 to the electrically conductive layer 4b via controllable switches or to effect the desired short circuit in any other way. The possible omission of the provision of a separate transmitting antenna in the transponder is independent of the manner in which the transponder antenna is short-circuited.
Die vorstehend beschriebene Reflexionsfaktormodulation erlaubt es, selektiv einen von zwei verschiedenen Reflexionsfaktoren auszuwählen. Wenngleich dies vorliegend nicht im Detail beschrieben wird, wäre es jedoch auch denkbar, Zwischenstufen vorzusehen. Dadurch ließe sich im Ergebnis eine Amplitudenmodulation der vom Transponder zur Sende/ Empfangsstation reflektierten Wellen realisieren.The reflection factor modulation described above makes it possible to selectively select one of two different reflection factors. Although this is not described in detail here, it would also be conceivable to provide intermediate stages. As a result, an amplitude modulation of the waves reflected from the transponder to the transmitting / receiving station could be realized.
Beim vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Strahlungsflächen 5 und die Speiseleitung 3a unmittelbar miteinander verbunden; sie werden durch eine entsprechende metallische Beschichtung der den Halbleiter-Chip 1 tragenden Seite des Modulträgers gebildet.In the exemplary embodiment described above, the radiation surfaces 5 and the feed line 3a are connected directly to one another; they are formed by a corresponding metallic coating on the side of the module carrier carrying the semiconductor chip 1.
Statt dessen kann jedoch auch vorgesehen werden, nur dieInstead, however, only that can be provided
Speiseleitung 3a und die Streifenleitung 3b auf der den Halbleiter-Chip tragenden Seite des Modulträgers 2 vorzusehen, wohingegen die Strahlungsflächen 5 auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Modulträgers angeordnet werden. Ein derartiger Chipkartenmodul-Aufbau, bei welchem die Strahlungsflächen 5 und die Speiseleitung 3a "nur" kapazitiv miteinander gekoppelt sind, ist in Figur 5 dargestellt.To provide feed line 3a and strip line 3b on the side of module carrier 2 carrying the semiconductor chip, whereas the radiation surfaces 5 are arranged on the opposite side of the module carrier. Such a chip card module structure, in which the radiation surfaces 5 and the feed line 3a are “only” capacitively coupled to one another, is shown in FIG.
Das kapazitive Ankoppelverhältnis wird durch die Dicke des Modulträgers und die Überlappungsfläche zwischen den jeweiligen Strahlungsflächen 5 und der Speiseleitung 3a bestimmt.The capacitive coupling ratio is determined by the thickness of the module carrier and the overlap area between the respective radiation areas 5 and the feed line 3a.
Das Chipkartenmodul gemäß Figur 5 weist gegenüber dem Chip- kartenmodul gemäß Figur 2 den Vorteil auf, daß die Strahlungsflächen 5 aufgrund deren exponierter Lage (an oder nahe der Chipkartenoberfläche) ein besseres Empfangs- und Ab- strahlverhalten aufweisen.The chip card module according to FIG. 5 has the advantage over the chip card module according to FIG. 2 that the radiation surfaces 5 have better reception and radiation behavior due to their exposed position (at or near the chip card surface).
Die einfache Herstellbarkeit der Chipkarte, welche insbesondere darauf beruht, daß es keiner elektrischer Verbindungen zwischen dem Chipkartenmodul 2 und dem Chipkartenkörper 4 be- darf, wird dadurch nicht beeinträchtigt.The simple manufacture of the chip card, which is based in particular on the fact that no electrical connections between the chip card module 2 and the chip card body 4 are required, is not impaired by this.
Die Transponderantenne ist weiterhin hinsichtlich der Anzahl der Strahlungsflächen 5 abwandelbar. Wie vorstehend bereits angedeutet wurde, wirkt jede der Strahlungsflächen 5 im Zu- sammenwirken mit der elektrisch leitenden Schicht 4b als eine (auch einzeln betreibbare) Antenne. Bei den bisher betrachteten Beispielen sind jeweils zwei solche Antennen parallel geschaltet (zu einem sich wirkungsmäßig summierenden Antennenpaar zusammengeschaltet) . Es können jedoch auch noch mehrere Antennen miteinander verschaltet werden.The transponder antenna can also be modified with regard to the number of radiation areas 5. As already indicated above, each of the radiation surfaces 5, in cooperation with the electrically conductive layer 4b, acts as an antenna (which can also be operated individually). In the examples considered so far, two such antennas are connected in parallel (interconnected to form an antenna pair that adds up in terms of effectiveness). However, several antennas can also be interconnected.
Eine mögliche Anordnung und Verschaltung von sechs Antennen ist in der Figur 6 gezeigt. Die gezeigte Anordnung besteht aus drei identisch ausgebildeten Antennenpaaren, die, genauer gesagt deren Speiseleitungen 3a über Verbindungsleitungen 3c miteinander verbunden sind. Zur Erzielung einer gleichphasigen Anregung der jeweiligen Antennenpaare sind diese, genauer gesagt deren Mittelpunkte jeweils um λ voneinander beabstandet. Der maximale Antennengewinn läßt sich erzielen, wenn auch die Verbindungsleitungen 3c jeweils λ lang sind.A possible arrangement and connection of six antennas is shown in FIG. 6. The arrangement shown consists of three identically designed antenna pairs which, more precisely, their feed lines 3a are connected to one another via connecting lines 3c. To achieve an in-phase excitation of the respective antenna pairs, these, or more precisely their centers, are each spaced from one another by λ. The maximum antenna gain can be achieved if the connecting lines 3c are each λ long.
Auch eine derartige oder anders konstruierte Antennengruppe kann durch Verbinden mit der nach wie vor vorhandenen offenen Streifenleitung 3b einer Reflexionsfaktormodulation unterzo- gen werden.Such an antenna group or one of a different design can also be subjected to a reflection factor modulation by connecting it to the open strip line 3b which is still present.
Eine derartige, aus einer Vielzahl von Strahlungsflachen 5 bestehende Mikrowellenantennengruppe ist einer nur eine oder zwei Strahlungsflächen 5 aufweisenden Antenne in mehrfacher Hinsicht deutlich überlegen. Sie besitzt einen höheren Antennengewinn und eine bessere Richtcharakteristik, wodurch sie im Ergebnis empfindlicher und für größere Reichweiten geeignet ist.Such a microwave antenna group consisting of a multiplicity of radiation surfaces 5 is clearly superior in several respects to an antenna having only one or two radiation surfaces 5. It has a higher antenna gain and a better directional characteristic, which makes it more sensitive and suitable for longer ranges.
Eine derartige Antennengruppe wird vorzugsweise auf einem eine eigene Chipkartenlage bildenden Chipkarteninlett untergebracht .Such an antenna group is preferably accommodated on a chip card insert forming its own chip card layer.
Ein Querschnitt durch eine ein Chipkarteninlett 12 enthal- tende Chipkarte ist in der Figur 7 veranschaulicht.A cross section through a chip card containing a chip card 12 is illustrated in FIG.
In Übereinstimmung mit der Chipkarte gemäß Figur 3 weist die Chipkarte gemäß Figur 7 ein plattenartiges Unterteil 4a mit einer darauf aufgebrachten elektrisch leitenden Schicht 4b auf. Darüber sind nun jedoch ein Mittelteil 4d, das Chipkarteninlett 12 und ein gegenüber dem Oberteil 4c modifiziertes Oberteil 4e angeordnet .In accordance with the chip card according to FIG. 3, the chip card according to FIG. 7 has a plate-like lower part 4a with an electrically conductive layer 4b applied thereon. However, a central part 4d, the chip card insert 12 and an upper part 4e modified with respect to the upper part 4c are arranged above this.
Das Chipkarteninlett 12 besteht aus einem folienartig ausge- bildeten Inlettträger, einer die Strahlungsflächen 5, die Speiseleitungen 3a, die Streifenleitung 3b und die Verbindungsleitungen 3c bildenden, elektrisch leitenden Beschich- tung, dem Halbleiter-Chip 1 und der Chipabdeckung 6, die wie in der Figur 7 gezeigt, also im wesentlichen in der selben Relativlage wie beim Chipkartenmodul 2 angeordnet sind.The chip card insert 12 consists of a foil-like insert carrier, an electrically conductive coating forming the radiation surfaces 5, the feed lines 3a, the strip line 3b and the connecting lines 3c. device, the semiconductor chip 1 and the chip cover 6, which are arranged as shown in FIG. 7, that is to say essentially in the same relative position as in the chip card module 2.
Im Unterschied zum Modulträger weist der Inlettträger jedoch eine der Chipkartenfläche entsprechende Fläche auf .In contrast to the module carrier, however, the ticking carrier has an area corresponding to the chip card area.
Das Mittelteil 4d weist eine Ausstanzung oder Ausfräsung auf, welche derart bemessen und positioniert ist, daß in dieser der Halbleiter-Chip 1 und die Chipabdeckung 6 zu liegen kommen können, wenn das Chipkarteninlett 12 darauf aufgesetzt wird.The middle part 4d has a punched-out or milled-out portion, which is dimensioned and positioned such that the semiconductor chip 1 and the chip cover 6 can come to rest in it when the chip card insert 12 is placed thereon.
Das über das Chipkarteninlett 12 aufzusetzende Oberteil 4e weist anders als das Oberteil 4c gemäß der Figur 3 keine Aussparung auf und dient rein zur Abdeckung der darunter liegenden Chipkarten-Bestandteile.Unlike the upper part 4c according to FIG. 3, the upper part 4e to be placed over the chip card insert 12 has no cutout and serves purely to cover the chip card components located underneath.
Das Unterteil 4a mit der darauf vorgesehenen elektrisch lei- tenden Grundfläche 4b, das Mittelteil 4d, das Chipkarteninlett 12 und das Oberteil 4e können beispielsweise durch Laminieren miteinander verbunden werden.The lower part 4a with the electrically conductive base area 4b provided thereon, the middle part 4d, the chip card insert 12 and the upper part 4e can be connected to one another, for example, by lamination.
Bei der in der Figur 7 gezeigten Chipkarte sind fast alle Transponderbestandteile im Chipkarteninlett 12 unterbringbar; nur die elektrisch leitende Schicht 4b befindet sich noch im Chipkartenkörper 4. Da zur elektrisch leitenden Schicht 4b kein elektrischer Kontakt hergestellt werden muß, müssen zwischen dem Chipkarteninlett 12 und dem Chipkartenkörper 4 kei- nerlei elektrische Verbindungen vorgesehen werden. Das Chipkarteninlett 12 muß daher lediglich mechanisch (beispielsweise durch Kleben und/oder Laminieren) mit den restlichen Chipkarten-Bestandteilen verbunden werden. Auch die Herstellung der Chipkarte gemäß der Figur 7 gestaltet sich dadurch denkbar einfach und kann weitestgehend oder sogar vollständig durch herkömmliche Chipkarten-Herstellungs- prozesse erfolgen. Zusammenfassend kann festgestellt werden, daß die beschriebenen Transponder einen derart einfachen Aufbau aufweisen, daß nicht nur deren Konstruktion selbst, sondern auch deren Inte- gration in eine Chipkarte oder andere Gegenstände und Systeme mit erheblich weniger Aufwand als bisher durchführbar sind. Die als Sende- und Empfangsantenne wirkende Transponderantenne ist trotz deren einfachen Aufbaus qualitativ hervorragend (guter Wirkungsgrad, hoher Antennengewinn, wirkungs- volle Reflexion) , so daß die Sendeleistung einer den Transponder ansprechenden Sende/Empfangsstation sehr gering gehalten werden kann und auch bei größeren Reichweiten keine Gefahr für sich im Strahlungsfeld aufhaltende Personen darstellt. In the chip card shown in FIG. 7, almost all transponder components can be accommodated in the chip card insert 12; only the electrically conductive layer 4b is still in the chip card body 4. Since no electrical contact has to be made with the electrically conductive layer 4b, no electrical connections have to be provided between the chip card insert 12 and the chip card body 4. The chip card insert 12 therefore only has to be connected mechanically (for example by gluing and / or laminating) to the remaining chip card components. The production of the chip card according to FIG. 7 is also very simple and can be carried out largely or even completely using conventional chip card production processes. In summary, it can be stated that the transponders described have such a simple structure that not only their construction itself, but also their integration into a chip card or other objects and systems can be carried out with considerably less effort than before. The transponder antenna, which acts as a transmitting and receiving antenna, is of excellent quality despite its simple structure (good efficiency, high antenna gain, effective reflection), so that the transmission power of a transceiver which responds to the transponder can be kept very low and none even with larger ranges Poses a danger to people in the radiation field.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Transponder mit einer Mikrowellen-Empfangsantenne (4b, 1st Transponder with a microwave receiving antenna (4b,
5) g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d u r c h einen zur Modulation des Reflexionsfaktors der Mikrowellen- Empfangsantenne vorgesehenen Reflexionsfaktormodulator (8, 10) .5) a reflection factor modulator (8, 10) provided for modulating the reflection factor of the microwave receiving antenna.
2. Transponder nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der Reflexionsfaktormodulator (8, 10) einen Schalter (8) enthält, über welchen ein entsprechend der vorzunehmenden Modulation erfolgendes Kurzschließen der Mikrowellen- Empfangsantenne (4b, 5) bewerkstelligbar ist.2. Transponder according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n t that the reflection factor modulator (8, 10) contains a switch (8), via which a short-circuiting of the microwave receiving antenna (4b, 5) taking place according to the modulation to be carried out can be accomplished.
3. Transponder nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 , d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Mikrowellen-Empfangsantenne (4b, 5) eine planare Mikrostreifenantenne ist, die durch Anordnung von mindestens einer im wesentlichen rechteckförmigen Strahlungsfläche (5) über einer nach allen Seiten überstehenden elektrisch leitenden Grundfläche (4b) gebildet wird.3. Transponder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the microwave receiving antenna (4b, 5) is a planar microstrip antenna, which is arranged by arranging at least one substantially rectangular radiation surface (5) over a projecting on all sides electrically conductive base surface (4b ) is formed.
4. Transponder nach Anspruch 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die mindestens eine Strahlungsfläche (5) eine Länge von λ/2 aufweist.4. Transponder according to claim 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the at least one radiation surface (5) has a length of λ / 2.
5. Transponder nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die von der Strahlungsfläche (5) aufgenommene und in elektrische Energie umgesetzte Strahlungsenergie hochohmig an einem leerlaufenden Längsende ausgekoppelt wird.5. Transponder according to claim 3 or 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the radiation energy absorbed by the radiation surface (5) and converted into electrical energy is coupled out with high resistance at an idling longitudinal end.
6. Transponder nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Strahlungsflächen (5) paarweise vorgesehen sind, wobei jedes Strahlungsflächenpaar aus zwei im Abstand von λ nebeneinander liegenden Strahlungsflächen (5) besteht, deren Längsenden über eine Speiseleitung (3a) verbunden sind.6. Transponder according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the radiation surfaces (5) are provided in pairs, each radiation surface pair consisting of two radiation surfaces (5) lying next to one another at a distance of λ, the longitudinal ends of which are connected via a feed line (3a).
7. Transponder nach Anspruch 6 , d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß eine kapazitive Kopplung der Strahlungsflache (n) (5) und der Speiseleitung (3a) vorgesehen ist.7. Transponder according to claim 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that a capacitive coupling of the radiation surface (s) (5) and the feed line (3a) is provided.
8. Transponder nach Anspruch 5 oder 6 , d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die über die Speiseleitung (3a) geführte Antennenspannung in der Mitte derselben abgegriffen wird.8. Transponder according to claim 5 or 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the antenna voltage led via the feed line (3a) is tapped in the middle thereof.
9. Transponder nach Anspruch 8 , d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die von der Speiseleitung (3a) abgegriffene Antennenspannung zur Versorgung einer nachgeordneten Schaltung (10) mit der zu deren Betrieb erforderlichen Energie verwendet und zugleich einer Verarbeitung zur Erfassung und Auswertung der darin enthaltenen Information unterzogen wird.9. Transponder according to claim 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n t that the antenna voltage tapped from the feed line (3a) is used to supply a downstream circuit (10) with the energy required for its operation and at the same time is subjected to processing for detecting and evaluating the information contained therein.
10. Transponder nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß mehrere, jeweils um λ beabstandete Strahlungsflächenpaare vorgesehen sind, deren Speiseleitungen (3a) über Verbindungsleitungen (3c) miteinander verbunden sind.10. Transponder according to one of claims 6 to 9, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that several, λ spaced radiation area pairs are provided, the feed lines (3a) are connected to one another via connecting lines (3c).
11. Transponder nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 10, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Speiseleitung (3a) mit einer leerlaufenden λ/4-Lei- tung (3b) verbindbar ist.11. Transponder according to one of claims 6 to 10, that the supply line (3a) can be connected to an idling λ / 4 line (3b).
12. Transponder nach der Anspruch 11, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e , daß das Herstellen und das Auftrennen der Verbindung zwischen der Speiseleitung (3a) und der leerlaufenden λ/4-Leitung (3b) durch Betätigen des Schalters (8) bewerkstelligbar ist.12. Transponder according to claim 11, characterized in that that the establishment and separation of the connection between the feed line (3a) and the idling λ / 4 line (3b) can be accomplished by actuating the switch (8).
13. Transponder nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die leerlaufende λ/4-Leitung (3b) im wesentlichen durch eine offene Streifenleitung gebildet wird.13. Transponder according to claim 11 or 12, so that the idle λ / 4 line (3b) is essentially formed by an open strip line.
14. Transponder nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der Transponder bis auf die elektrisch leitende Grundfläche (4b) der Mikrostreifenantenne vollständig in ein Chipkartenmodul (2) einer Chipkarte integriert wird.14. Transponder according to one of the preceding claims, that the transponder is completely integrated into a chip card module (2) of a chip card except for the electrically conductive base area (4b) of the microstrip antenna.
15. Transponder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der Transponder bis auf die elektrisch leitende Grundfläche (4b) der Mikrostreifenantenne vollständig in ein Chip- karteninlett (12) einer Chipkarte integriert wird. 15. Transponder according to one of claims 1 to 13, so that the transponder is completely integrated into a chip card inlay (12) of a chip card except for the electrically conductive base area (4 b) of the microstrip antenna.
PCT/DE1997/002890 1996-12-16 1997-12-11 Transponder with a microwave receive antenna WO1998027440A1 (en)

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