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WO1998012392A1 - Device for preventing of evaporation of water - Google Patents

Device for preventing of evaporation of water Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1998012392A1
WO1998012392A1 PCT/NO1997/000246 NO9700246W WO9812392A1 WO 1998012392 A1 WO1998012392 A1 WO 1998012392A1 NO 9700246 W NO9700246 W NO 9700246W WO 9812392 A1 WO9812392 A1 WO 9812392A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
floating body
water
floating
top cover
body according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO1997/000246
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Roar Thoresen
Original Assignee
Rothor A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rothor A/S filed Critical Rothor A/S
Priority to AU43236/97A priority Critical patent/AU4323697A/en
Publication of WO1998012392A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998012392A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/22—Safety features
    • B65D90/38—Means for reducing the vapour space or for reducing the formation of vapour within containers
    • B65D90/42—Means for reducing the vapour space or for reducing the formation of vapour within containers by use of particular materials for covering surface of liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/34—Large containers having floating covers, e.g. floating roofs or blankets
    • B65D88/36—Large containers having floating covers, e.g. floating roofs or blankets with relatively movable sections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B11/00—Arrangements or adaptations of tanks for water supply
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H4/00—Swimming or splash baths or pools
    • E04H4/06—Safety devices; Coverings for baths
    • E04H4/08—Coverings consisting of rigid elements, e.g. coverings composed of separate or connected elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for reducing water evaporation. To be more precise, it relates to a system consisting of a number of identical units which are placed on the surface of the water so as to prevent the evaporation of valuable fresh water.
  • the device is especially intended to be used in countries with a hot climate where substantial evaporation is a particularly common phenomenon.
  • EP 123 743 describes a floating element, the purpose of which is to heat the underlying water. To this end, sun rays are allowed to pass through the translucent walls of the elements. The medium (water or air) inside the floating element is thus heated, and in turn heats the water below. The object of this patent is to raise the temperature of the water in order thereby to increase the productive capacity of algae, plankton, fish and so forth. This takes place in that the element creates different heat traps. Thus, EP 123 743 solves problems entirely different from those solved by the floating body of the present invention.
  • the intention of the present invention is to solve the problems of evaporation from water reservoirs.
  • the invention relates to a floating body which is made of a UV- resistant, sun-reflecting material.
  • the floating body is so designed that it is inexpensive to produce, simple to place on the water, allows precipitation to run between the elements and is unaffected by the forces of wind.
  • Figure 1 shows the hexagonal body
  • Figure 2 shows a section through the floating body
  • Figure 3 is a detailed drawing of the floating body with one or more structural sections in order to reinforce the cover;
  • Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment having legs which meet at one point
  • Figure 5 shows an alternative embodiment having downwardly directed legs
  • Figure 6 shows the floating bodies laid out on a body of water, where the floating bodies form a honeycomb design and cover parts of the body of water.
  • Figure 1 shows a hexagonal floating body (10) as it rests on the water.
  • the body has six straight side faces (12) which are connected to each other in the lateral edges (13).
  • a top cover (15) is provided on the top of the side faces so that top and sides form a closed unit.
  • the top cover (15) has a gently convex arch form, so that precipitation runs off the cover more easily and over the sides into the water.
  • a hole (16) is made to allow air to flow more easily in and out of the floating body (10) when differences in pressure and temperature arise.
  • the entire floating body, i.e., top cover (15) and side faces (13) will preferably be moulded as a single unit, and is made of a UV-resistant, hard-wearing, robust plastic.
  • the area of the floating body may vary depending upon the external demands such as weather, wind and size of the water reservoir that is to be covered.
  • a practical and favourable size with a view to production may be from 1 to 1.5 sqm.
  • the lateral edges and side faces may be 0.25 m.
  • a suitable colour is selected which is either mixed into the plastic during moulding or is applied as paint to the finished product.
  • Figure 2 shows a section through the floating body (10), with a detailed section of a part of the side face (12).
  • a compartment (18) is formed, which, e.g., may be triangular as shown in the figure.
  • the compartment extends around the whole floating body and ensures uniform buoyancy.
  • This compartment (18) may be filled with air, gas or another floatable substance which provides buoyancy.
  • the figure shows the floating body in relation to the surface (17) of the water.
  • Figure 3 shows a detail of a corner of the floating body wherein a reinforcing structural section (19) has been affixed.
  • the floating body may be equipped with several reinforcing structural sections extending from the side faces (12) and secured around the hole (16) in the centre of the top cover (15).
  • Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment wherein from the lower end of the lateral edges (13) there are connected long support legs which extend down into the water and meet at a vertex (21).
  • This embodiment with support legs may conceivably be used in areas where strong winds and bad weather prevail, where there is a danger that the floating bodies might be blown on top of one another.
  • These support legs (20) will ensure that in heavy waves the floating bodies will more easily fall into place side by side, and in this way prevent the bodies from lying on top of one another.
  • Figure 5 shows an alternative wherein short support legs (22) are used.
  • arched support legs are conceivable, as are support legs which run vertically down into the water. The function of all these support legs is to prevent the floating bodies from lying on top of one another.
  • An essential feature of the floating body of the invention is the compartment (18) filled with gas or another floatable substance providing buoyancy, whilst the lower part of the side faces (12) is submerged in the water. This results in the floating body (10) being difficult to move and displace owing to the water volume that the side faces draw with them in the event of displacement. This will provide a calm, stabilising, steady floating effect, where strong wind and waves would be needed to blow the floating bodies onto one another. In such areas exposed to the elements the floating bodies can, if necessary, be equipped with support legs (20, 22) as described above.
  • the invention comprises polygons in general.
  • the hexagon is considered to be the most suitable as the shape will be optimal with regards to positioning of the various floating bodies side by side on the surface of the water in a honeycomb pattern.
  • the selection of triangular or rectangular floating bodies will allow "openings" to form more easily in the cover.
  • heptagons and octagons provide a closed cover, but they may be suitable where it is desirable for a part of the surface of the water to remain uncovered. This may be relevant where, e.g., it is desirable to allow more sunlight to pass into the water, as a water reservoir covered with floating bodies will receive relatively little light.
  • fastening means (23) on the top cover (15) of the floating bodies (10).
  • These fastening means may, for example, be an eyebolt if the purpose is to facilitate the tying together of several floating bodies (10) with rope to enforce a limitation of the covering of the surface. In this way a channel or passage for boat traffic can be produced.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

A floating body for reducing water evaporation from a fresh water reservoir, characterised in that the body has a polygonal shape, where the side faces of the floating body have vertical walls with lateral edges which, when the body is afloat, are partly submerged in water, the body comprises further a gently arched top cover, buoyancy means and a hole in the top cover for air exchange.

Description

DEVICE FOR PREVENTING OF EVAPORATION OF WATER
The present invention relates to a device for reducing water evaporation. To be more precise, it relates to a system consisting of a number of identical units which are placed on the surface of the water so as to prevent the evaporation of valuable fresh water. The device is especially intended to be used in countries with a hot climate where substantial evaporation is a particularly common phenomenon.
Today, fresh water is a limited resource in many parts of the world, and disagreements about water are often an underlying cause of conflicts and wars between countries and communities in many parts of the world. The situation is expected to worsen as population growth and the demand for greater comfort increase. Of the amount of water "produced" by nature, i.e., precipitation which falls on land, it is anticipated that all will be used by the year 2010. Consequently, additional production of fresh water must take place with the consumption of vast quantities of energy, and as consequence the price of water will see a sharp rise.
Today, water reservoirs are built in all countries that have a hot climate. Considerable water evaporation takes place from these reservoirs. It is not uncommon for water volumes of from 15% to 30% of the contents of the reservoir to evaporate in the course of one year. Attempts have been made to prevent this undesirable evaporation by covering the water surface in the reservoirs, but this has proven difficult as any covering may entail practical problems in connection with precipitation and the effects of the wind. It is also labour-intensive and expensive to lay a canvas or the like on the surface.
EP 123 743 describes a floating element, the purpose of which is to heat the underlying water. To this end, sun rays are allowed to pass through the translucent walls of the elements. The medium (water or air) inside the floating element is thus heated, and in turn heats the water below. The object of this patent is to raise the temperature of the water in order thereby to increase the productive capacity of algae, plankton, fish and so forth. This takes place in that the element creates different heat traps. Thus, EP 123 743 solves problems entirely different from those solved by the floating body of the present invention.
The intention of the present invention is to solve the problems of evaporation from water reservoirs. The invention relates to a floating body which is made of a UV- resistant, sun-reflecting material. The floating body is so designed that it is inexpensive to produce, simple to place on the water, allows precipitation to run between the elements and is unaffected by the forces of wind.
These advantages can be obtained with the device of the invention in that polygonal, preferably hexagonal, bodies having vertical, smooth side faces and lateral edges are placed on the surface of the water in a great number. These polygonal bodies will float on the surface of the water, and because of their shape will create an almost closed cover. As a consequence of this covering the evaporation of water will be reduced considerably.
The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 shows the hexagonal body;
Figure 2 shows a section through the floating body;
Figure 3 is a detailed drawing of the floating body with one or more structural sections in order to reinforce the cover;
Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment having legs which meet at one point;
Figure 5 shows an alternative embodiment having downwardly directed legs;
Figure 6 shows the floating bodies laid out on a body of water, where the floating bodies form a honeycomb design and cover parts of the body of water.
Figure 1 shows a hexagonal floating body (10) as it rests on the water. The body has six straight side faces (12) which are connected to each other in the lateral edges (13). A top cover (15) is provided on the top of the side faces so that top and sides form a closed unit. The top cover (15) has a gently convex arch form, so that precipitation runs off the cover more easily and over the sides into the water. In the top cover at the highest point a hole (16) is made to allow air to flow more easily in and out of the floating body (10) when differences in pressure and temperature arise. The entire floating body, i.e., top cover (15) and side faces (13) will preferably be moulded as a single unit, and is made of a UV-resistant, hard-wearing, robust plastic. The area of the floating body may vary depending upon the external demands such as weather, wind and size of the water reservoir that is to be covered. A practical and favourable size with a view to production may be from 1 to 1.5 sqm. The lateral edges and side faces may be 0.25 m. To ensure that the cover affords maximum sun reflection a suitable colour is selected which is either mixed into the plastic during moulding or is applied as paint to the finished product.
Figure 2 shows a section through the floating body (10), with a detailed section of a part of the side face (12). In the upper part of the side face a compartment (18) is formed, which, e.g., may be triangular as shown in the figure. The compartment extends around the whole floating body and ensures uniform buoyancy. This compartment (18) may be filled with air, gas or another floatable substance which provides buoyancy. The figure shows the floating body in relation to the surface (17) of the water.
Figure 3 shows a detail of a corner of the floating body wherein a reinforcing structural section (19) has been affixed. The floating body may be equipped with several reinforcing structural sections extending from the side faces (12) and secured around the hole (16) in the centre of the top cover (15).
Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment wherein from the lower end of the lateral edges (13) there are connected long support legs which extend down into the water and meet at a vertex (21). This embodiment with support legs may conceivably be used in areas where strong winds and bad weather prevail, where there is a danger that the floating bodies might be blown on top of one another. These support legs (20) will ensure that in heavy waves the floating bodies will more easily fall into place side by side, and in this way prevent the bodies from lying on top of one another.
Figure 5 shows an alternative wherein short support legs (22) are used. Here too, arched support legs are conceivable, as are support legs which run vertically down into the water. The function of all these support legs is to prevent the floating bodies from lying on top of one another.
An essential feature of the floating body of the invention is the compartment (18) filled with gas or another floatable substance providing buoyancy, whilst the lower part of the side faces (12) is submerged in the water. This results in the floating body (10) being difficult to move and displace owing to the water volume that the side faces draw with them in the event of displacement. This will provide a calm, stabilising, steady floating effect, where strong wind and waves would be needed to blow the floating bodies onto one another. In such areas exposed to the elements the floating bodies can, if necessary, be equipped with support legs (20, 22) as described above.
Although the invention has primarily been explained with reference to a hexagonal floating body, the invention comprises polygons in general. The hexagon is considered to be the most suitable as the shape will be optimal with regards to positioning of the various floating bodies side by side on the surface of the water in a honeycomb pattern. The selection of triangular or rectangular floating bodies, will allow "openings" to form more easily in the cover. Nor will heptagons and octagons provide a closed cover, but they may be suitable where it is desirable for a part of the surface of the water to remain uncovered. This may be relevant where, e.g., it is desirable to allow more sunlight to pass into the water, as a water reservoir covered with floating bodies will receive relatively little light.
To facilitate boat transport it may be appropriate to provide fastening means (23) on the top cover (15) of the floating bodies (10). These fastening means may, for example, be an eyebolt if the purpose is to facilitate the tying together of several floating bodies (10) with rope to enforce a limitation of the covering of the surface. In this way a channel or passage for boat traffic can be produced.

Claims

t e n t c l a i m s
1.
A floating body for reducing water evaporation from a fresh water reservoir, characterised in that the body (10) has a polygonal shape, where the side faces (12) of the floating body (10) have vertical walls with lateral edges (13) which, when the body is afloat, are partly submerged in water, the body comprises further a gently arched top cover (15), buoyancy means (18) and a hole (16) in the top cover for air exchange.
2.
A floating body according to Claim 1, characterised in that the floating body (10) is a hexagon.
3. A floating body according to Claims 1-2, characterised in that the body (10) is moulded in a single piece in one operation.
4.
A floating body according to Claims 1-3, characterised in that the body (10) is made of a UV-resistant, sun-reflecting plastic material.
5.
A floating body according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the buoyancy means (18) are located on the inside of the side faces (12) and extend around the whole of or part of the body (10) under the cover (15).
6.
A floating body according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the buoyancy means (18) may be a compartment filled with air, or a foam material which provides buoyancy.
7.
A floating body according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a fastening device (23), preferably an eyebolt, is provided on the top cover (15).
8.
A floating body according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the top cover (15) is convexly arched.
9.
A floating body according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the body is provided with short or long support legs (20, 22) which extend downwards from the side edges (13) of the body (10).
PCT/NO1997/000246 1996-09-17 1997-09-12 Device for preventing of evaporation of water WO1998012392A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU43236/97A AU4323697A (en) 1996-09-17 1997-09-12 Device for preventing of evaporation of water

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO963888A NO963888L (en) 1996-09-17 1996-09-17 Device for limiting evaporation of water
NO963888 1996-09-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998012392A1 true WO1998012392A1 (en) 1998-03-26

Family

ID=19899841

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NO1997/000246 WO1998012392A1 (en) 1996-09-17 1997-09-12 Device for preventing of evaporation of water

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU4323697A (en)
NO (1) NO963888L (en)
WO (1) WO1998012392A1 (en)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005090696A1 (en) * 2004-03-18 2005-09-29 Technological Resources Pty Limited Water evaporation minimization
WO2005091701A2 (en) * 2004-03-23 2005-10-06 Maestre Pascual Antonio Jose Floating module which is designed to shade outdoor water reservoirs
WO2006010204A1 (en) 2004-07-28 2006-02-02 Water Innovations Pty Ltd Water storage evaporation control
AU2005266839B2 (en) * 2004-07-28 2008-04-24 Aqua Guardian Group Limited Water storage evaporation control
WO2009095017A1 (en) * 2008-01-31 2009-08-06 Hexa-Cover Aps A floating member and coupling-together of a plurality of floating members
AU2005224284B2 (en) * 2004-03-18 2010-11-25 Technological Resources Pty Limited Water evaporation minimization
WO2011109867A1 (en) * 2010-03-09 2011-09-15 Philip Paul Jeffries Evaporation controlling platform
WO2011161675A2 (en) 2010-06-21 2011-12-29 Top-It-Up Ltd. Floating device and method of using the same
WO2014172801A1 (en) * 2013-04-23 2014-10-30 Compagnon Bernabe S.A. Stable floating device for reducing evaporation in open pools
CN104890828A (en) * 2015-05-11 2015-09-09 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 Fresh water storage device
EP2738081A4 (en) * 2011-07-26 2016-06-29 Samsung Heavy Ind Anti-sloshing apparatus
US11801992B2 (en) 2019-01-03 2023-10-31 Inversiones Iraso Ii Ltda. Floating device for the constitution of a floating cover
US20250067013A1 (en) * 2023-08-27 2025-02-27 Christina Zhang Shade Dome for Reducing Evaporation of Open Body of Water

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3517513A (en) * 1968-07-31 1970-06-30 Clarence Renshaw Fresh-water cistern
GB1547076A (en) * 1978-04-24 1979-06-06 Bear A M Reflective shield to prevent evaporation of water from reservoirs due to heat energy from the sun
US4270232A (en) * 1976-02-10 1981-06-02 Ballew Ray D Thermal pool cover
DE3530727A1 (en) * 1985-08-28 1987-03-05 Tmt Tech Management Transfer G Device for reducing the water evaporation in an open water reservoir
US4735524A (en) * 1986-07-08 1988-04-05 Dunkers Karl R Method and plant for storing fresh water
US5074427A (en) * 1989-07-24 1991-12-24 Siemerink Bernardinus F A Apparatus for covering a basin for liquids
US5398349A (en) * 1993-10-20 1995-03-21 Haberler; Gerhard Pool cover

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3517513A (en) * 1968-07-31 1970-06-30 Clarence Renshaw Fresh-water cistern
US4270232A (en) * 1976-02-10 1981-06-02 Ballew Ray D Thermal pool cover
GB1547076A (en) * 1978-04-24 1979-06-06 Bear A M Reflective shield to prevent evaporation of water from reservoirs due to heat energy from the sun
DE3530727A1 (en) * 1985-08-28 1987-03-05 Tmt Tech Management Transfer G Device for reducing the water evaporation in an open water reservoir
US4735524A (en) * 1986-07-08 1988-04-05 Dunkers Karl R Method and plant for storing fresh water
US5074427A (en) * 1989-07-24 1991-12-24 Siemerink Bernardinus F A Apparatus for covering a basin for liquids
US5398349A (en) * 1993-10-20 1995-03-21 Haberler; Gerhard Pool cover

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7534154B2 (en) 2004-03-18 2009-05-19 Technological Resources Pty. Limited Water evaporation minimization
AU2005224284B2 (en) * 2004-03-18 2010-11-25 Technological Resources Pty Limited Water evaporation minimization
WO2005090696A1 (en) * 2004-03-18 2005-09-29 Technological Resources Pty Limited Water evaporation minimization
WO2005091701A2 (en) * 2004-03-23 2005-10-06 Maestre Pascual Antonio Jose Floating module which is designed to shade outdoor water reservoirs
WO2005091701A3 (en) * 2004-03-23 2005-11-10 Pascual Antonio Jose Maestre Floating module which is designed to shade outdoor water reservoirs
US8393486B2 (en) 2004-07-28 2013-03-12 Aqua Guardian Group Ltd. Water storage evaporation control
WO2006010204A1 (en) 2004-07-28 2006-02-02 Water Innovations Pty Ltd Water storage evaporation control
AU2005266839B2 (en) * 2004-07-28 2008-04-24 Aqua Guardian Group Limited Water storage evaporation control
WO2009095017A1 (en) * 2008-01-31 2009-08-06 Hexa-Cover Aps A floating member and coupling-together of a plurality of floating members
WO2011109867A1 (en) * 2010-03-09 2011-09-15 Philip Paul Jeffries Evaporation controlling platform
WO2011161675A2 (en) 2010-06-21 2011-12-29 Top-It-Up Ltd. Floating device and method of using the same
US9493922B2 (en) 2010-06-21 2016-11-15 Neotop Water Systems Ltd. Floating device and method of using the same
EP2738081A4 (en) * 2011-07-26 2016-06-29 Samsung Heavy Ind Anti-sloshing apparatus
US10131497B2 (en) 2011-07-26 2018-11-20 Samsung Heavy Ind. Co., Ltd. Apparatus for suppressing sloshing
WO2014172801A1 (en) * 2013-04-23 2014-10-30 Compagnon Bernabe S.A. Stable floating device for reducing evaporation in open pools
CN104890828A (en) * 2015-05-11 2015-09-09 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 Fresh water storage device
US11801992B2 (en) 2019-01-03 2023-10-31 Inversiones Iraso Ii Ltda. Floating device for the constitution of a floating cover
US20250067013A1 (en) * 2023-08-27 2025-02-27 Christina Zhang Shade Dome for Reducing Evaporation of Open Body of Water

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO963888D0 (en) 1996-09-17
NO963888L (en) 1998-03-18
AU4323697A (en) 1998-04-14

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