WO1998005255A1 - Device for protecting vessels during surgical interventions - Google Patents
Device for protecting vessels during surgical interventions Download PDFInfo
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- WO1998005255A1 WO1998005255A1 PCT/EP1997/004092 EP9704092W WO9805255A1 WO 1998005255 A1 WO1998005255 A1 WO 1998005255A1 EP 9704092 W EP9704092 W EP 9704092W WO 9805255 A1 WO9805255 A1 WO 9805255A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/40—Applying electric fields by inductive or capacitive coupling ; Applying radio-frequency signals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/06—Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies ; Determining position of diagnostic devices within or on the body of the patient
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for protecting vessels during surgical interventions.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a device which, with the greatest possible protection of the tissue, allows reliable and timely detection that the surgical instruments come dangerously close to the vessel to be protected.
- a plurality of probes for inductive detection of metals and / or electromagnetic fields are arranged in the catheter over the length.
- the approach of the surgical instruments to the vessel provided with the catheter can be recognized in good time with the aid of the probes. Due to the arrangement of the probes distributed over the length, a locating field is created which surrounds the catheter in a tubular manner, so that gapless monitoring of a larger length section of the vessel to be protected is achieved.
- the probes work on the principle of known inductive metal probes and accordingly each have a transmitter coil and a receiver coil, which are preferably wound on different lengths of a common ferrite core.
- a transmitter coil and a receiver coil By applying a high-frequency AC voltage to the transmitter coil, an electromagnetic alternating field is generated in the vicinity of the transmitter coil, which induces a corresponding voltage in the receiver coil.
- the electrical field and thus also the amplitude and / or phase of the voltage induced in the receiving coil is modified by electrical conductors present in the area of this electromagnetic alternating field, so that the presence of such conductors can be determined on the basis of a change in the signal tapped at the receiving coil.
- the receiver coil also responds to electromagnetic fields originating from sources other than the transmitter coil, so that sources of such electromagnetic fields can also be located in addition to metallic conductors.
- the only drawing figure shows a schematic section through a catheter forming the device according to the invention.
- the catheter 10 is an elongated, flexible, tubular or solid structure, for example made of tissue-compatible silicone, in which several inductive probes 12 are embedded. Only four such probes are shown in the drawing, but the number of probes is in practice in the generally much larger.
- Each probe 12 has a core 14 made of ferromagnetic material, for example made of ferrite, on which a transmitting coil 16 and a receiving coil 18 are wound at an axial distance from one another.
- the transmitter coils 16 of the various sensors are connected to one another in series by bridges 20.
- the receiving coils 18 are connected to one another in series by bridges 22. In view of the relatively small diameter of the catheter 10, this has the advantage that only four electrical connecting lines 24, 26, 28, 30 need to be led out of the catheter.
- a capacitor 32 is connected between the connecting lines 24, 26 of the transmitter coils and forms a resonant circuit with the transmitter coils. By applying an AC voltage signal 34, this resonant circuit is excited to resonate at its natural frequency in the order of about 100 kHz.
- a capacitor 36 is also connected between the connecting lines 28, 30 of the receiving coils 18.
- the capacitor 36 forms with the receiving coils 18 a secondary resonant circuit which is tuned to resonance with the primary resonant circuit and is therefore excited to resonate vibrations by the electromagnetic alternating field generated by the transmitting coils 16.
- the ferrite cores 14 of the individual probes generate an electromagnetic field in their environment, in particular a magnetic dipole field, the geometry of which is indicated in the drawing by field lines 38.
- the distances between the individual probes 12 are selected so that, on the one hand, due to the spaces between the ferrite cores, sufficient flexibility of the catheter is ensured and, on the other hand, the dipole fields of the individual ferrite cores together form a locating field which surrounds the sensitive area of the catheter 10 without gaps and on the whole
- the length of this area has an approximately constant geometry, so that the depth of location of the sensors is essentially independent of the position along the catheter.
- a driver and evaluation circuit 38 is connected to the connecting lines 24 - 28 and serves to generate the AC voltage signal 34 and to evaluate the signal received by the receiving coils 18, for example the voltage across the capacitor 36.
- the amplitude of the AC voltage signal 34 is preferably adjustable and determines the depth of location of the sensors. This amplitude is generally set so that the receiving coils 18 just deliver a measurable signal when there are no metal parts in the location area of the sensors. If a metal part, for example a surgical instrument, is then brought into the location area of the sensors, the secondary resonant circuit is damped in such a way that the signal of the receiving coils drops. This is recognized by the driver and evaluation circuit 38, which then emits a warning signal via an acoustic signal generator 40.
- the catheter 10 is inserted into the vessel to be protected, for example a ureter of the patient, the surgeon receives an acoustic warning signal as soon as the surgical instruments come close to the ureter and thus into the location of the sensors during the intervention 12 arrive.
- the catheter 10 is preferably immersed in a liquid which has approximately the same conductivity as the body tissue.
- a corresponding calibration curve for the relationship between the amplitude of the alternating voltage signal 34 and the depth of location has been recorded, the distance between the metal parts and the catheter 10 can also be determined quantitatively. For example, it is possible to periodically vary the amplitude of the AC voltage signal 34 - and thus the depth of location. The distance from this object to the catheter can then be determined from the amplitude at which the metallic object is just being detected.
- the driver and evaluation circuit 38 can then be designed, for example, in such a way that the signal transmitter 40 is triggered at intervals with a certain clock frequency when the value falls below a certain maximum distance and that the clock frequency and / or the pulse duty factor is increased with decreasing distance, until finally when the value falls below a minimum distance a continuous tone is emitted. While in the example shown only a single catheter is connected to the driver and evaluation circuit 38, embodiments are also conceivable in which two catheters are connected in parallel to the same driver and evaluation circuit. In this embodiment, the device is particularly suitable for protecting the ureters leading to the bladder from both kidneys of the patient during interventions in the abdomen.
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Abstract
Description
VORRICHTUNG ZUM SCHUTZ VON GEFÄSSEN BEI CHIRURGISCHEN EINGRIFFEN DEVICE FOR PROTECTING VESSELS IN SURGICAL OPERATIONS
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Schutz von Gefäßen bei chirurgi- sehen Eingriffen.The invention relates to a device for protecting vessels during surgical interventions.
Bei chirurgischen Eingriffen, insbesondere bei minimalinvasiven Eingriffen wie etwa bei der Laparoskopie, besteht die Gefahr, daß Gefäße wie Harnleiter, Blutgefäße und dergleichen verletzt oder durchtrennt werden, weil sie nur schwer zu ertasten und auch visuell durch das Endoskop nur schwer zu erkennen sind.During surgical interventions, especially with minimally invasive interventions such as laparoscopy, there is a risk that vessels such as ureters, blood vessels and the like are injured or severed because they are difficult to palpate and also difficult to see visually through the endoscope.
Es ist bereits vorgeschlagen worden, in die zu schützenden Gefäße einen Katheter einzuführen, der als Lichtleiter ausgebildet und an eine starke Licht- quelle angeschlossen ist, so daß das Gefäß anhand des durch das umgebende Gewebe durchscheinenden Lichtes eher erkennbar ist. Da jedoch auch in das Laparoskop eine Lichtquelle zur Ausleuchtung des Arbeitsfeldes integriert ist, kann das Eigenleuchten des Gefäßes nur dann hinreichend deutlich wahrgenommen werden, wenn eine entsprechend starke Lichtquelle verwendet wird. Dies hat den Nachteil, daß es aufgrund der hohen Lichtintensität zu einer starken Wärmeentwicklung kommt, die unmittelbar das Gewebe schädigt oder dazu führt, daß der Katheter an den Gefäßwänden antrocknet.It has already been proposed to insert a catheter into the vessels to be protected, which catheter is designed as a light guide and is connected to a strong light source, so that the vessel can be recognized more easily by the light shining through the surrounding tissue. However, since a light source for illuminating the work area is also integrated in the laparoscope, the self-illuminating of the vessel can only be perceived sufficiently clearly if a correspondingly strong light source is used. This has the disadvantage that, due to the high light intensity, there is a strong development of heat which directly damages the tissue or leads to the catheter drying on the vessel walls.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es deshalb, eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, die es bei größtmöglicher Schonung des Gewebes gestattet, zuverlässig und rechtzeitig zu erkennen, daß die chirurgischen Instrumente dem zu schützenden Gefäß gefährlich nahe kommen.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a device which, with the greatest possible protection of the tissue, allows reliable and timely detection that the surgical instruments come dangerously close to the vessel to be protected.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit der in Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Vorrichtung gelöst.This object is achieved with the device specified in claim 1.
Erfindungsgemäß sind in dem Katheter auf der Länge verteilt mehrere Sonden zum induktiven Erfassen von Metallen und/oder elektromagnetischen Feldern angeordnet.According to the invention, a plurality of probes for inductive detection of metals and / or electromagnetic fields are arranged in the catheter over the length.
Da die für den Eingriff verwendeten chirurgischen Instrumente in der Regel Metallteile aufweisen, die eine wesentlich höhere elektrische Leitfähigkeit als das umgebende Gewebe besitzen, kann die Annäherung der chirurgischen Instrumente an das mit dem Katheter versehene Gefäß mit Hilfe der Sonden rechtzeitig erkannt werden. Durch die auf der Länge verteilte Anordnung der Sonden wird ein Ortungsfeld geschaffen, das den Katheter schlauchförmig umgibt, so daß eine lückenlose Überwachung eines größeren Längenabschnitts des zu schützenden Gefäßes erreicht wird.Because the surgical instruments used for the procedure usually If metal parts have a significantly higher electrical conductivity than the surrounding tissue, the approach of the surgical instruments to the vessel provided with the catheter can be recognized in good time with the aid of the probes. Due to the arrangement of the probes distributed over the length, a locating field is created which surrounds the catheter in a tubular manner, so that gapless monitoring of a larger length section of the vessel to be protected is achieved.
Die Sonden arbeiten nach dem Prinzip bekannter induktiver Metallsonden und weisen demgemäß jeweils eine Sendespule und eine Empfangsspule auf, die vorzugsweise auf verschiedene Längenabschnitte eines gemeinsamen Ferritkerns gewickelt sind. Durch Anlegen einer hochfrequenten Wechselspannung an die Sendespule wird in der Umgebung der Sendespule ein elektromagnetisches Wechselfeld erzeugt, das eine entsprechende Spannung in der Empfangsspule induziert. Durch im Bereich dieses elektromagnetischen Wechselfeldes vorhandene elektrische Leiter wird das Wechselfeld und damit auch die Amplitude und/oder Phase der in der Empfangsspule induzierten Spannung modifiziert, so daß das Vorhandensein solcher Leiter anhand einer Änderung des an der Empfangsspule abgegriffenen Signals festgestellt wer- den kann. In gleicher Weise spricht die Empfangsspule auch auf von anderen Quellen als der Sendespule herrührende elektromagnetische Felder an, so daß neben metallischen Leitern auch Quellen solcher elektromagnetischer Felder geortet werden können.The probes work on the principle of known inductive metal probes and accordingly each have a transmitter coil and a receiver coil, which are preferably wound on different lengths of a common ferrite core. By applying a high-frequency AC voltage to the transmitter coil, an electromagnetic alternating field is generated in the vicinity of the transmitter coil, which induces a corresponding voltage in the receiver coil. The electrical field and thus also the amplitude and / or phase of the voltage induced in the receiving coil is modified by electrical conductors present in the area of this electromagnetic alternating field, so that the presence of such conductors can be determined on the basis of a change in the signal tapped at the receiving coil. In the same way, the receiver coil also responds to electromagnetic fields originating from sources other than the transmitter coil, so that sources of such electromagnetic fields can also be located in addition to metallic conductors.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous further developments and refinements of the invention result from the subclaims.
Im folgenden wird ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.A preferred exemplary embodiment is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing.
Die einzige Zeichnungsfigur zeigt einen schematischen Schnitt durch einen die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung bildenden Katheter.The only drawing figure shows a schematic section through a catheter forming the device according to the invention.
Der Katheter 10 ist ein langgestrecktes, flexibles schlauchförmiges oder mas- sives Gebilde, beispielsweise aus gewebeverträglichem Silikon, in das mehrere induktive Sonden 12 eingebettet sind. In der Zeichnung sind lediglich vier solcher Sonden dargestellt, doch ist die Anzahl der Sonden in der Praxis im allgemeinen wesentlich größer.The catheter 10 is an elongated, flexible, tubular or solid structure, for example made of tissue-compatible silicone, in which several inductive probes 12 are embedded. Only four such probes are shown in the drawing, but the number of probes is in practice in the generally much larger.
Jede Sonde 12 weist einen Kern 14 aus ferromagnetischem Material, beispielsweise aus Ferrit auf, auf den in axialem Abstand zueinander eine Sende- spule 16 und eine Empfangsspule 18 gewickelt sind. Die Sendespulen 16 der verschiedenen Sensoren sind durch Brücken 20 in Serie miteinander verbunden. Ebenso sind die Empfangsspulen 18 durch Brücken 22 in Serie miteinander verbunden. Angesichts des relativ geringen Durchmessers des Katheters 10 hat dies den Vorteil, daß insgesamt nur vier elektrische Anschluß- leitungen 24. 26, 28, 30 aus dem Katheter herausgeführt zu werden brauchen.Each probe 12 has a core 14 made of ferromagnetic material, for example made of ferrite, on which a transmitting coil 16 and a receiving coil 18 are wound at an axial distance from one another. The transmitter coils 16 of the various sensors are connected to one another in series by bridges 20. Likewise, the receiving coils 18 are connected to one another in series by bridges 22. In view of the relatively small diameter of the catheter 10, this has the advantage that only four electrical connecting lines 24, 26, 28, 30 need to be led out of the catheter.
Zwischen die Anschlußleitungen 24, 26 der Sendespulen ist ein Kondensator 32 geschaltet, der mit den Sendespulen einen Schwingkreis bildet. Durch Anlegen eines Wechselspannungssignals 34 wird dieser Schwingkreis zu Resonanzschwingungen bei seiner Eigenfrequenz in der Größenordnung von etwa 100 kHz angeregt.A capacitor 32 is connected between the connecting lines 24, 26 of the transmitter coils and forms a resonant circuit with the transmitter coils. By applying an AC voltage signal 34, this resonant circuit is excited to resonate at its natural frequency in the order of about 100 kHz.
Zwischen die Anschlußleitungen 28, 30 der Empfangsspulen 18 ist ebenfalls ein Kondensator 36 geschaltet. Der Kondensator 36 bildet mit den Empfangsspulen 18 einen Sekundärschwingkreis, der auf Resonanz mit dem Primärschwingkreis abgestimmt ist und somit durch das von den Sendespulen 16 erzeugte elektromagnetische Wechselfeld zu Resonanzschwingungen angeregt wird.A capacitor 36 is also connected between the connecting lines 28, 30 of the receiving coils 18. The capacitor 36 forms with the receiving coils 18 a secondary resonant circuit which is tuned to resonance with the primary resonant circuit and is therefore excited to resonate vibrations by the electromagnetic alternating field generated by the transmitting coils 16.
Die Ferritkerne 14 der einzelnen Sonden erzeugen in ihrer Umgebung ein elektromagnetisches Feld, insbesondere ein magnetisches Dipolfeld, dessen Geometrie in der Zeichnung durch Feldlinien 38 angedeutet wird. Die Abstände der einzelnen Sonden 12 sind so gewählt, daß einerseits aufgrund der Zwischenräume zwischen den Ferritkernen eine ausreichende Flexibilität des Katheters gewährleistet ist und andererseits die Dipolfelder der einzelnen Ferritkerne zusammen ein Ortungsfeld bilden, das den sensitiven Bereich des Katheters 10 lückenlos umgibt und auf der gesamten Länge dieses Bereichs eine annähernd gleichbleibende Geometrie hat, so daß die Ortungs- tiefe der Sensoren im wesentlichen unabhängig von der Position längs des Katheters ist. Eine Treiber- und Auswerteschaltung 38 ist an die Anschlußleitungen 24 - 28 angeschlossen und dient zur Erzeugung des Wechselspannungssignals 34 sowie zur Auswertung des von den Empfangsspulen 18 empfangenen Signals, beispielsweise der Spannung am Kondensator 36.The ferrite cores 14 of the individual probes generate an electromagnetic field in their environment, in particular a magnetic dipole field, the geometry of which is indicated in the drawing by field lines 38. The distances between the individual probes 12 are selected so that, on the one hand, due to the spaces between the ferrite cores, sufficient flexibility of the catheter is ensured and, on the other hand, the dipole fields of the individual ferrite cores together form a locating field which surrounds the sensitive area of the catheter 10 without gaps and on the whole The length of this area has an approximately constant geometry, so that the depth of location of the sensors is essentially independent of the position along the catheter. A driver and evaluation circuit 38 is connected to the connecting lines 24 - 28 and serves to generate the AC voltage signal 34 and to evaluate the signal received by the receiving coils 18, for example the voltage across the capacitor 36.
Die Amplitude des Wechselspannungssignals 34 ist vorzugsweise einstellbar und bestimmt die Ortungstiefe der Sensoren. Diese Amplitude ist generell so eingestellt, daß die Empfangsspulen 18 gerade noch ein meßbares Signal liefern, wenn keine Metallteile im Ortungsbereich der Sensoren vorhanden sind. Wenn dann ein Metallteil, beispielsweise ein chirurgisches Instrument, in den Ortungsbereich der Sensoren gebracht wird, so wird dadurch der Sekundärschwingkreis derart bedämpft, daß das Signal der Empfangsspulen abfällt. Dies wird von der Treiber- und Auswerteschaltung 38 erkannt, die daraufhin über einen akustischen Signalgeber 40 ein Warnsignal abgibt.The amplitude of the AC voltage signal 34 is preferably adjustable and determines the depth of location of the sensors. This amplitude is generally set so that the receiving coils 18 just deliver a measurable signal when there are no metal parts in the location area of the sensors. If a metal part, for example a surgical instrument, is then brought into the location area of the sensors, the secondary resonant circuit is damped in such a way that the signal of the receiving coils drops. This is recognized by the driver and evaluation circuit 38, which then emits a warning signal via an acoustic signal generator 40.
Wenn bei einem chirurgischen Eingriff der Katheter 10 in das zu schützende Gefäß, beispielsweise einen Harnleiter des Patienten, eingeführt ist, erhält somit der Chirurg ein akustisches Warnsignal, sobald die chirurgischen Instrumente während des Eingriffs in die Nähe des Harnleiters und somit in den Ortungsbereich der Sensoren 12 gelangen.If, during a surgical intervention, the catheter 10 is inserted into the vessel to be protected, for example a ureter of the patient, the surgeon receives an acoustic warning signal as soon as the surgical instruments come close to the ureter and thus into the location of the sensors during the intervention 12 arrive.
Zum Kalibrieren der Ortungstiefe wird der Katheter 10 vorzugsweise in eine Flüssigkeit eingetaucht, die etwa die gleiche Leitfähigkeit wie das Körpergewebe hat. Sobald einmal eine entsprechende Eichkurve für die Beziehung zwischen der Amplitude des Wechselspannungssignals 34 und der Ortungstiefe aufgenommen wurde, läßt sich die Distanz zwischen den Metallteilen und dem Katheter 10 auch quantitativ bestimmen. Beispielsweise ist es möglich, die Amplitude des Wechselspannungssignals 34 - und damit die Ortungstiefe - periodisch zu variieren. Aus der Amplitude, bei der das metalli- sehe Objekt gerade noch erfaßt wird, läßt sich dann die Entfernung dieses Objekts zum Katheter ermitteln. Die Treiber- und Auswerteschaltung 38 kann dann beispielsweise so ausgelegt sein, daß der Signalgeber 40 bei Unterschreiten einer bestimmten Maximaldistanz intervallweise mit einer bestimmten Taktfrequenz angesteuert wird und daß mit abnehmender Distanz die Taktfrequenz und/oder das Tastverhältnis erhöht wird, bis schließlich bei Unterschreiten einer Minimaldistanz ein Dauerton abgegeben wird. Während im gezeigten Beispiel nur ein einziger Katheter an die Treiber- und Auswerteschaltung 38 angeschlossen ist, sind auch Ausführungsformen denkbar, bei denen zwei Katheter parallel an dieselbe Treiber- und Auswerteschaltung angeschlossen sind. In dieser Ausführungsform eignet sich die Vorrich- tung insbesondere zum Schutz der von beiden Nieren des Patienten zur Harnblase führenden Harnleiter bei Eingriffen im Bauchraum. To calibrate the location depth, the catheter 10 is preferably immersed in a liquid which has approximately the same conductivity as the body tissue. Once a corresponding calibration curve for the relationship between the amplitude of the alternating voltage signal 34 and the depth of location has been recorded, the distance between the metal parts and the catheter 10 can also be determined quantitatively. For example, it is possible to periodically vary the amplitude of the AC voltage signal 34 - and thus the depth of location. The distance from this object to the catheter can then be determined from the amplitude at which the metallic object is just being detected. The driver and evaluation circuit 38 can then be designed, for example, in such a way that the signal transmitter 40 is triggered at intervals with a certain clock frequency when the value falls below a certain maximum distance and that the clock frequency and / or the pulse duty factor is increased with decreasing distance, until finally when the value falls below a minimum distance a continuous tone is emitted. While in the example shown only a single catheter is connected to the driver and evaluation circuit 38, embodiments are also conceivable in which two catheters are connected in parallel to the same driver and evaluation circuit. In this embodiment, the device is particularly suitable for protecting the ureters leading to the bladder from both kidneys of the patient during interventions in the abdomen.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1996131303 DE19631303C2 (en) | 1996-08-02 | 1996-08-02 | Device for protecting vessels during surgical interventions |
| DE19631303.1 | 1996-08-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1998005255A1 true WO1998005255A1 (en) | 1998-02-12 |
Family
ID=7801647
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1997/004092 Ceased WO1998005255A1 (en) | 1996-08-02 | 1997-07-28 | Device for protecting vessels during surgical interventions |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE19631303C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998005255A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7241758B2 (en) | 1999-11-16 | 2007-07-10 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compounds useful as anti-inflammatory agents |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6261247B1 (en) | 1998-12-31 | 2001-07-17 | Ball Semiconductor, Inc. | Position sensing system |
| US11331150B2 (en) | 1999-10-28 | 2022-05-17 | Medtronic Navigation, Inc. | Method and apparatus for surgical navigation |
| US8239001B2 (en) | 2003-10-17 | 2012-08-07 | Medtronic Navigation, Inc. | Method and apparatus for surgical navigation |
| US8644907B2 (en) | 1999-10-28 | 2014-02-04 | Medtronic Navigaton, Inc. | Method and apparatus for surgical navigation |
| US7366562B2 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2008-04-29 | Medtronic Navigation, Inc. | Method and apparatus for surgical navigation |
| US6499488B1 (en) | 1999-10-28 | 2002-12-31 | Winchester Development Associates | Surgical sensor |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB994400A (en) * | 1962-07-13 | 1965-06-10 | Bang & Olufsen Produktionssels | Apparatus for detecting and localizing extraneous objects of electrically conductingor magnetically permeable material in human or animal tissue |
| DE2842203A1 (en) * | 1978-09-28 | 1980-04-10 | Dieter Ing Grad Dr Med Koehler | Metal location equipment for biological tissue - uses measuring head which emits signal which varies as metallic object is approached |
| US4526177A (en) * | 1983-06-24 | 1985-07-02 | Rudy Michael A | Electronic anatomical probe |
| WO1986002539A1 (en) * | 1984-11-01 | 1986-05-09 | Pekka Johannes Nyberg | Device for localizing metal objects in a human or animal body |
| WO1993000039A1 (en) * | 1991-06-25 | 1993-01-07 | Ulrich Steinbeck | Detecting device for metallic foreign bodies in a living body |
| WO1993004628A1 (en) * | 1991-09-04 | 1993-03-18 | Navion Biomedical Corporation | Catheter depth, position and orientation location system |
| US5262772A (en) * | 1989-08-16 | 1993-11-16 | Bio Medic Data Systems, Inc. | Transponder scanner |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4445501A (en) * | 1981-05-07 | 1984-05-01 | Mccormick Laboratories, Inc. | Circuits for determining very accurately the position of a device inside biological tissue |
| US5423321A (en) * | 1993-02-11 | 1995-06-13 | Fontenot; Mark G. | Detection of anatomic passages using infrared emitting catheter |
-
1996
- 1996-08-02 DE DE1996131303 patent/DE19631303C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-07-28 WO PCT/EP1997/004092 patent/WO1998005255A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB994400A (en) * | 1962-07-13 | 1965-06-10 | Bang & Olufsen Produktionssels | Apparatus for detecting and localizing extraneous objects of electrically conductingor magnetically permeable material in human or animal tissue |
| DE2842203A1 (en) * | 1978-09-28 | 1980-04-10 | Dieter Ing Grad Dr Med Koehler | Metal location equipment for biological tissue - uses measuring head which emits signal which varies as metallic object is approached |
| US4526177A (en) * | 1983-06-24 | 1985-07-02 | Rudy Michael A | Electronic anatomical probe |
| WO1986002539A1 (en) * | 1984-11-01 | 1986-05-09 | Pekka Johannes Nyberg | Device for localizing metal objects in a human or animal body |
| US5262772A (en) * | 1989-08-16 | 1993-11-16 | Bio Medic Data Systems, Inc. | Transponder scanner |
| WO1993000039A1 (en) * | 1991-06-25 | 1993-01-07 | Ulrich Steinbeck | Detecting device for metallic foreign bodies in a living body |
| WO1993004628A1 (en) * | 1991-09-04 | 1993-03-18 | Navion Biomedical Corporation | Catheter depth, position and orientation location system |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7241758B2 (en) | 1999-11-16 | 2007-07-10 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compounds useful as anti-inflammatory agents |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19631303A1 (en) | 1998-02-05 |
| DE19631303C2 (en) | 1998-07-02 |
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