WO1997017828A2 - Verfahren zur umsetzung der in wasserstoffhaltigen stoffen und sauerstoff gespeicherten freien reaktionsenthalpie in energie eines elektrodynamischen feldes - Google Patents
Verfahren zur umsetzung der in wasserstoffhaltigen stoffen und sauerstoff gespeicherten freien reaktionsenthalpie in energie eines elektrodynamischen feldes Download PDFInfo
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- WO1997017828A2 WO1997017828A2 PCT/DE1996/002226 DE9602226W WO9717828A2 WO 1997017828 A2 WO1997017828 A2 WO 1997017828A2 DE 9602226 W DE9602226 W DE 9602226W WO 9717828 A2 WO9717828 A2 WO 9717828A2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/20—Indirect fuel cells, e.g. fuel cells with redox couple being irreversible
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- Patent specification D 195 19 123 describes a method for generating electrical energy from renewable biomass by means of electrochemical reactions in a chemoelectric converter for generating frequency-variable three-phase currents in the technical voltage range
- the process is based on biochemical principles of energy conversion in living cells. Its goal is to convert the huge potential of the radiation of the sun stored in the renewable raw materials by photosynthesis into electrical energy in a novel chemoelectric converter. Its role model is the logistics of energy in living systems
- the solution to this task consists in supplementing and modifying reaction sequences in order to obtain lower losses of exergy, to increase the reliability of the process, to enable a higher short-term energy output, and in a reduction in materials and auxiliary operations.
- the solution to this task is based on an expanded one Imitation of the natural model
- IRS ⁇ ZBLA ⁇ (RULE 26) Almost all living organisms are organized and involved in logistics in almost the same way. The radiation of the sun is the only source of energy. Since all living systems are open systems in terms of thermodynamics, an energy sink must also be available to release the no longer usable energy The sink is space. The radiation is stored chemically in the part of the living being that is capable of it, and conversely useful work is obtained from chemical energy in all living beings. To accomplish these two tasks, evolution has developed two subsystems. Chloroplasts and Mitochond ⁇ en (Fig 1)
- Chloroplasts are able to chemically store solar radiation, using CO ⁇ and H-, 0 as starting materials. Products are glucose and oxygen
- photosynthesis is the energy of light quanta, equivalent to the (non-material) energy of an electrodynamic field, converted into chemical (materially stored) energy
- Mitochondria are able to convert the chemical energy stored in glucose and oxygen into useful work, whereby the term useful work in the thermodynamic sense is to be understood as work ability or exergy (available energy)
- respiration or breathing The necessary sequence of chemical and electrochemical reactions is referred to as respiration or breathing.
- the one stored in glucose and oxygen chemical energy is released again by changing the configuration of the (material) carrier, in the form of the (non-material) energy of an electrodynamic field in an organism.
- the electrical field acts, for example, in the form of electrical impulses from the heart, nervous system and brain which can be derived from the outside, and can also be recognized directly in the form of the almost white (achromatic) light which is emitted, for example, by luminous organisms.
- chloroplasts and mitochondria are present in almost every cell of living organisms, chloroplasts and mitochondria in plants, only mitochondria in animals.
- the logistics of the energy of living systems is therefore strictly decentralized, has multiple redundant safeguards and is shifted into the microcosm.
- the interface between chloroplasts and mitochondria, and therefore also between plants and animals, is clearly defined by glucose and oxygen in one direction, and by H., 0 and CO ⁇ in the other direction. All other substances that a living being for its Existence is required, are recorded and transmitted in subordinate reactions, the exergy required for this being taken from the glucose reaction
- FIG. 2 The prior art is characterized by the patent DE 195 19 123.
- the method presented there is shown in FIG. 2 in the form of a flow chart.
- FIG. 3 shows an embodiment.
- the state of the art can be easily described on the basis of this illustration and the preceding explanations. From the logistics of energy in living systems, only respiration, ie the sequence of reactions that take place in cells including the mitochondria, is taken into account. For the process, the use of glucose and oxygen as the general carriers of chemical energy, such as occur at the interface between plants and animals, is adopted.
- the respiratory chain therefore appears in this View as a chemoelectric converter, in technical terminology as a fuel cell
- the knowledge gained primarily from technology that molecular oxygen can serve as an acceptor for 2 electrons and 2 protons in two stages is used by the fact that H., 0, by reducing molecular oxygen using the C3 sugar outside the actual converter and feeding it to the chemoelectric reaction. In this way the sole use of the second stage is achieved
- carbon particles are used in a fluidized bed, each of which transfers their charge to a central electrode. that the diaphragm, corresponding to the cell membrane with its ion channels, can be used to control the proton current in order to force periodic changes in the electron current and to enable the transformation to higher voltages.
- the chaining of several such chemoelectric converters is also new multiphase three-phase systems
- the object of the invention is to convert chemical energy into field energy in a technically advantageous manner, in a manner similar to that in nature in all living organisms is carried out.
- Such a task can only be solved if the principles of implementation are not only in their basic features but also in their individual steps
- thermodynamics are the two main theorems of thermodynamics, applied to open systems, associated with the use of thermodynamic functions such as free enthalpy (difference) ⁇ G, electrochemical potential ⁇ R , total enthalpy (difference) ⁇ H, entropy ( difference) ⁇ S Derived from this equilibrium constants are available.
- free enthalpy (difference) ⁇ G electrochemical potential
- electrochemical potential ⁇ R electrochemical potential
- total enthalpy (difference) ⁇ H total entropy ( difference) ⁇ S Derived from this equilibrium constants
- MAXWELL's equations are available.
- the decisive new idea is based on the analysis of the three equations (RE), (RG) and (RR) for the exergy content of the glucose-O ⁇ system, for the breakdown of glucose and for its implementation in the respiratory chain.
- the analysis shows that for the Own exergy requirements for glucose breakdown (RG) are only provided at a total of -3 1.5 kJ / mol glucose. This is only 1% compared to the total turnover according to (RE).
- the three equations (RE), (RG) and (RR) are listed below together with the educational enthalpies used
- REPLACEMENT SHEET (RE ⁇ 26) Insignificantly higher than that of the educts That should actually be so, because the reverse way, building up glucose from C0 2 and 2 H, takes place in almost the same way. In stark contrast to this, however, is that if ATP is actually the current doctrine ⁇ liche internal energy carrier in the cell and mitochondrion, a comparatively very high loss of exergy occurs, it is almost 60 ° / o of the available exergy
- the reaction (RR) describes the processes in the respiratory chain, more precisely in the electron transport chain.
- the potential difference in biochemistry is based on the equation above
- the upper value ⁇ R applies to pH ⁇ 0 in aqueous solution under standard conditions.
- the lower value ⁇ R applies to concentrated, low-water solutions
- FRSATZBLA ⁇ (RULE 26) ⁇ R -1, 8438 V
- the free reaction enthalpy of the first stage is not used chemoelectrically in nature but is transferred and used elsewhere - like.
- WARBURG has pointed out that H., O, the primary product of the respiratory ferment discovered by him, a flavin enzyme in the last part of the electron transport chain, is O 0 ).
- the electron transport chain also does not consist of three sections connected in series , but only from one So six parallel strands of the electron transport chain work in parallel
- the water splitting takes place in reverse of (RR2).
- the wavelength corresponds to 672.4 nm and
- REPLACEMENT BLA ⁇ (RULE 26) thus lies in the maximum of the absorption of the complex P 680. It transfers its electrical energy to 2 H, O molecules in order to enable the cleavage.
- the decisive new idea takes into account the fact that in the chain of reactions, for example in photosynthesis, another substance must exist Who apparently has the function of short-term memory, and is able to receive electrical power, cache and as chemical energy for the long-term storage to release it the same material must function in breathing in reverse
- This substance as a molecule must therefore take up 2 electrons on the one hand and form 2 (positive) electron holes on the other hand in exactly the same way as a rechargeable battery.
- the molecule must on the one hand interact with an electric field and on the other hand can chemically store the field energy absorbed by him in the form of free reaction enthalpy, which is only possible by changing his configuration. ATP cannot.
- One half of the molecule is reduced during charging, the other half is oxidized. There are two redox reactions in one molecule (the fact that such a molecule also exists outside of biochemistry and how it comes about will be discussed further below)
- FRSATZBLA ⁇ (RULE 26)
- the new concept raises two questions: 1 what does the molecule look like and why has it not been found so far, and 2 how does the molecule, which represents a rechargeable battery, fit in Detail in the reaction sequences of photosynthesis an n
- the molecule cannot have any other basis than the previously known molecules which have an essential function as a transmitter in chloroplasts and mitochondria. If one takes into account that there are (hydrophobic) regions which do not represent an aqueous solution, then ADP and H 3 PO 4 also couple in a different way than that described in the phosphorylation. This other coupling is only possible in an electrochemical reaction and it consists in the formation of a peroxide. In this reaction two electrons and two protons with free enthalpy of reaction taken from the two partners.
- the two rings of adenine together or the pyrimidine ring are capable, like other ring systems, of storing two electrons as ⁇ electrons in order to compensate for the two charges , a cation must be present, for example Mg ⁇ , as it is transported by Mg-ADP Space is taken up by the two protons, which are released during the peroxidic coupling.
- the renormalizable or rechargeable battery molecule! theoretically has the form shown in FIG.
- the battery molecule is best described by the formula 2 ⁇ -Mg-ATP-0.
- the attached O characterizes the peroxidic bond and at the same time makes it clear that with this molecule practically a radical O - when it is released - was transported as an electron acceptor Molecule carries its two positive and negative charges (positive charges are electron punches) neutral to the outside, and is especially protected internally against jerk reactions (internal short-circuit).
- the previous findings on the clarification of ATP synthase are not affected by this and fit seamlessly into the concept except for the type of energy feed-in
- the F 0 / F, complex now corresponds to a socket at which the potential difference of the chemoelectric reaction is used
- REPLACEMENT BLA ⁇ (RULE 26) The reason why it has not been possible to find this molecule so far is that, as explained in point 4, it is not viable in aqueous solution. It reacts with water to give hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide in reverse of the reaction (RR2) and er ⁇ appears as Mg-ADP and phosphoric acid
- the 2 ⁇ -Mg-ATP-O In order to generate molecular oxygen O-, the 2 ⁇ -Mg-ATP-O must react with 4 H-, 0, so that a total of 4 H and 2 H 2 O- are formed. The 4 H go into the dark reaction.
- the color table (Fig. 8) shows that light of two spectral colors produces achromatic, ie whitish light gives light of the two wavelengths 672 nm or 704 nm and 504.3 nm to achromatic point A. This shows that cells can emit achromatic light, like that is observed on different organisms Another conclusion can be drawn. Photosystem I and carotene apparently have the function of using the reflection of Photosystem II and making photosynthesis usable again. Photosystem II and Photosystem I work in parallel
- ADP in the living cell in the form of its magnesium compound has not one but two important functions in the energy transfer during energy transmission.
- the one, together with H 3 PO 4 is the transport of H-, 0 in a hydrophobic manner ⁇ ben environment with the simultaneous transmission of a small amount of energy
- the second function of the ADP, again together with H 3 P0 4 and in a hydrophobic environment, is the formation of 2 ⁇ -Mg-ATP-O as a short-term chemoelectric storage for the Light quantum equivalent at 672.4 nm, 355.8 kJ / mol are transported and an electrical potential difference of 1.4838 V is made available in a suitable structure.
- Areas of application are in particular the energy supply to muscles, nervous system, brain, and the like Light generation
- REPLACEMENT BLA ⁇ (RULE 26) in the form of potential measurements in redox reactions, carried out in aqueous solutions
- the three equations describe the potential difference between the negative electrode of a chemoelectric converter and a normal hydrogen electrode (NHE). If these three equations are supplemented by the corresponding equations for the two-stage reduction of the O 2 molecule at the positive electrode of the same chemoelectric converter and If the potential differences obtained in this way are then plotted graphically, the diagram of FIG. 9 is obtained. From this diagram, some essential facts can be clarified, such as how they occur in technical systems (fuel cells) and how they are important for understanding biological systems are.
- FIG. 9 shows other values, so if you leave the range of aqueous solutions and enter the pH range of negative values - that means in super acidic media - then the exergetic and other conditions also change significantly.
- FIG. 10 shows the usual pH concentration diagrams (buffering curves) which extend into the negative range (and thus into the superacid range).
- a Pb-H 2 SO 4 battery is a good example, on the one hand because there is a sulfate in the discharged state on both sides, and on the other hand because it contains it as a primary product during charging Peroxidic lead sulfate occurs, which only reacts with the water contained in the sulfuric acid to PbO 2 in subsequent reactions. In this system, the chemical activation is brought about by the water reaction. However, the accumulator only releases electrical energy at the moment when the external circuit The cell is not closed by a switch. The cell does not have such an option, and there is no electronic circuit.
- the energy density of the SRBM ** is around 180 Wh / kg, corresponding to around 650 kJ / kg, which is higher than that of a modern lithium battery of around 120 Wh / kg, a lead battery reaches around 30 Wh / kg
- FIGS. 1 a and 1 lb show flow diagrams for the exergy in the conversion of chemical energy in the course of the process sequence for breathing.
- FIG. 1 a relates to the conditions as characterized by the chemiosmotic hypothesis.
- the stark difference is striking 1b shows the exergetic conditions as they occur when the free reaction enthalpy in electrical energy released in the respiratory chain is shown between the own need for exergy during the breakdown of glucose and the losses which are to occur in the respiratory chain as a consequence of the phosphorylation is implemented for charging the battery molecules. There are practically no losses.
- FIG. 12 shows the exergy flow diagram for this case. The question is how this exergy transfer is carried out and what its consequences are
- HX is with high probability an organically bound iodide
- HX is a complex such as tri- or tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine).
- thyroxine tetraiodothyronine
- HJ The end of the series is HJ, here is also the freely selectable zero point de r Free reaction enthalpy An exergy transfer with the HX / X ⁇ system based on iodine therefore takes place at the left end.
- This diagram also shows, as is to be expected, that the transition from HJO 4 (FI ? JO 6 ) is peroxidic
- Acceptor 0 contains, not directly, but to be transported via HJ0 4 to the chemoelectric reaction. This reaction sequence is used in the present invention to technically solve both the task of exergy transfer and of acceptor transport
- FIG. 14a shows a flow diagram for the molecules which occur in the process sequence of breathing according to the new hypothesis.
- the lower part shows the exergy transfer via a halogen or pseudohalogen HX, it leads from the respiratory chain back into the C3 cycle.
- the second question, what the transmitted exergy is needed for can solve a problem that has so far only been incompletely dealt with.
- the anaerobic stage of the breakdown of glucose (gycolysis) from glyceraldehyde to pyruvic acid clearly shows how
- FRESATZBLATT (RULE 26) LEHNINGER in particular suspects that an oxidoreduction has been carried out. As we understand it, it consists in splitting off the O from the alcohol group of the glycerol compound. This reaction is only possible exergetically because 2 H is released in parallel with the O and these 3 molecules are then released immediately react to form H 2 O, releasing -355.8 kJ / FU If the exergy transfer from the C 3 cycle within the mitochondrion is now quasi extended, namely beyond the limits of the mitochondrion to the oxido reduction, so two important results have been achieved
- the second result is that even in the absence of an O ⁇ supply (in which the function of the mitochondrion is switched off), the cell can continue to form the energy carriers which are important for its function, the SRBM ** (FIG. 14b).
- the free enthalpy of reaction released thereby enables the oxidation reaction to be carried out.
- the effort is great.
- 6 lactic acid molecules have to be formed by internal hydrogenation of pyruvic acid in order to generate an SRBM **.
- REPLACEMENT BLA ⁇ (RULE 26) 15 shows a diagram which corresponds to FIG. 13 for iodine but which relates to the H m (CO) n series - that is to say to glucose and the subsequent C3 compounds, and which shows the breakdown of the glucose describes
- the diagram now describes (exergonic) donors for 2 (e - ⁇ - H). not acceptors as in the case of iodine
- the donor property is given by the hydride of the phosphonic acid (2 H and the OH group are formed by reaction with H 2 O), the acceptor property by the O of the peroxidic bond.
- the former is, for example, a hydride, a metal, a metal complex, or an organic ring complex with 2 ⁇ electrons.
- acceptor examples include advantageously acids which can form peroxidic bonds, for example H 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , but also halogen and pseudohalic acid, and as a further example fluoroboric acid.
- Such a donor and such an acceptor can also be in the form of macroscopic Ano Put the lines together
- the respiratory chain apparently only serves to charge switchable, standardizable battery molecules (SRBM). These have the function of short-term storage and transmit electrical energy via two electrons and two electron holes each in a hydrophobic environment, they can move within the cell are after they have been formed by the ATP synthase complex within the membrane
- 3 SRBM basically consist of two parts.
- One part contains a peroxidic bond in the charged state, in other words a removable O, as an acceptor.
- the other part stores two electrons in the charged state, be it in an organic ring system as ⁇ -electrons, be it as a metal, as a metal complex or as a hydride anion as in the case of peroxophosphonic acid
- REPLACEMENT BLA ⁇ (RULE 26)
- the basis on the peroxidic bond side are preferably acids which are capable of such a bond, such as, for example, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, halogen acids, but also fluoroboric acids
- the reduction of the molecular oxygen supplied takes place in two stages. Only the second stage is used for charging the SRBM, in which 75% of the total free enthalpy that is used in the reaction is used be released from glucose with molecular oxygen altogether, implemented In nature, the free enthalpy of the first stage is exploited by removing it by reaction of a hydrogen iodide compound with the molecular oxygen, transferring it to the C3 cycle and further to the first stage of glucose breakdown It is used to generate two more SRBMs in addition to the six SRBMs that are formed in the respiratory chain
- H 2 O 2 is theoretically the product of the first of the 0 -, - reductions and has been detected as such in living systems. Since H 7 O 9 is cell poison on the one hand and inert on the other hand, it becomes H 0 by enzymes such as peroxidase or Fe-containing complexes and O degraded, which O transports away as the actual acceptor for the respiratory chain
- the transfer of the O which can be split off from H ⁇ O- is preferably an acid which is capable of peroxidic binding of 0.
- Examples include halogen acids, but also phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid
- this goal can be achieved by using electrodes with the other in macroscopic systems SRBM connected to them and advantageously fixed in their vicinity can be divided many times, electrically insulated from one another by alternately connecting the electrodes in parallel and in series and by using phase shifts, chained three-phase currents of higher voltage can be coupled out with variable frequency
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP96945999A EP0867049A2 (de) | 1995-11-17 | 1996-11-18 | Verfahren zur umsetzung der in wasserstoffhaltigen stoffen und sauerstoff gespeicherten freien reaktionsenthalpie in energie eines elektrodynamischen feldes |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19544175.3 | 1995-11-17 | ||
DE19544175 | 1995-11-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1997017828A2 true WO1997017828A2 (de) | 1997-05-22 |
WO1997017828A3 WO1997017828A3 (de) | 1997-08-28 |
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PCT/DE1996/002226 WO1997017828A2 (de) | 1995-11-17 | 1996-11-18 | Verfahren zur umsetzung der in wasserstoffhaltigen stoffen und sauerstoff gespeicherten freien reaktionsenthalpie in energie eines elektrodynamischen feldes |
Country Status (3)
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EP (1) | EP0867049A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19648691C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997017828A2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1119067A2 (de) * | 2000-01-20 | 2001-07-25 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Batterie und Verfahren zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1089372A1 (de) * | 1999-09-28 | 2001-04-04 | Nelson E. Camus | Unabhängiges und selbstunterhaltendes System zur Stromgeneration und -Speicherung |
WO2003092086A2 (de) * | 2002-04-26 | 2003-11-06 | Reinhart Radebold | Chemoelektrischer wandler, chemoelektrisches wandlersystem, verfahren zur erzeugung elektrischer energie und verfahren zum betrieb eines chemoelektrischen wandlersystems |
DE10219585C1 (de) * | 2003-04-25 | 2003-11-27 | Reinhart Radebold | Chemoelektrischer Wandler, chemoelektrisches Wandlersystem, Verfahren zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines chemoelektrischen Wandlersystems |
DE102010047662A1 (de) | 2009-10-05 | 2011-05-12 | Radebold, Reinhart, Dr. | Verfahren zur Übernahme der energetischen Struktur des biologischen Energiesystems zum Aufbau eines bionisches Energiesystems |
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DE2005602A1 (de) * | 1969-02-10 | 1970-08-27 | Electrocell Ltd., Toronto, Ontario (Kanada) | Elektrochemische Zelle |
DE1956473A1 (de) * | 1969-10-27 | 1971-05-13 | Usm Corp | Redox-Brennstoffelement |
US3607420A (en) * | 1969-11-17 | 1971-09-21 | Du Pont | Process of operating fuel-cell half cell with cupric-cuprous redox couple |
DE2055675A1 (en) * | 1970-11-12 | 1972-05-18 | Battelle Institut E V | Electrodes for fuel cells - using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant contain quinoid cpd and non-catalytic conductor |
FR2292343A1 (fr) * | 1974-11-22 | 1976-06-18 | Alsthom Cgee | Generateur electrochimique a formes intermediaires peroxydees |
US4578323A (en) * | 1983-10-21 | 1986-03-25 | Corning Glass Works | Fuel cell using quinones to oxidize hydroxylic compounds |
WO1995017773A1 (en) * | 1993-12-20 | 1995-06-29 | Sufucell Ab | Method for producing electric energy in a biofuel-powered fuel cell |
DE19519123A1 (de) * | 1994-05-17 | 1996-01-11 | Reinhart Dr Radebold | Verfahren zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie aus nachwachsender Biomasse |
-
1996
- 1996-11-18 WO PCT/DE1996/002226 patent/WO1997017828A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-11-18 DE DE19648691A patent/DE19648691C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-11-18 EP EP96945999A patent/EP0867049A2/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2005602A1 (de) * | 1969-02-10 | 1970-08-27 | Electrocell Ltd., Toronto, Ontario (Kanada) | Elektrochemische Zelle |
DE1956473A1 (de) * | 1969-10-27 | 1971-05-13 | Usm Corp | Redox-Brennstoffelement |
US3607420A (en) * | 1969-11-17 | 1971-09-21 | Du Pont | Process of operating fuel-cell half cell with cupric-cuprous redox couple |
DE2055675A1 (en) * | 1970-11-12 | 1972-05-18 | Battelle Institut E V | Electrodes for fuel cells - using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant contain quinoid cpd and non-catalytic conductor |
FR2292343A1 (fr) * | 1974-11-22 | 1976-06-18 | Alsthom Cgee | Generateur electrochimique a formes intermediaires peroxydees |
US4578323A (en) * | 1983-10-21 | 1986-03-25 | Corning Glass Works | Fuel cell using quinones to oxidize hydroxylic compounds |
WO1995017773A1 (en) * | 1993-12-20 | 1995-06-29 | Sufucell Ab | Method for producing electric energy in a biofuel-powered fuel cell |
DE19519123A1 (de) * | 1994-05-17 | 1996-01-11 | Reinhart Dr Radebold | Verfahren zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie aus nachwachsender Biomasse |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1119067A2 (de) * | 2000-01-20 | 2001-07-25 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Batterie und Verfahren zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie |
EP1119067A3 (de) * | 2000-01-20 | 2003-02-12 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Batterie und Verfahren zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie |
US6596431B1 (en) | 2000-01-20 | 2003-07-22 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Battery and method for generating an electric power |
US7129000B2 (en) | 2000-01-20 | 2006-10-31 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Battery and method for generating an electric power |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19648691A1 (de) | 1997-07-17 |
EP0867049A2 (de) | 1998-09-30 |
DE19648691C2 (de) | 2002-06-20 |
WO1997017828A3 (de) | 1997-08-28 |
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