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WO1996030565A1 - Procede de production d'une feuille de coton - Google Patents

Procede de production d'une feuille de coton Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996030565A1
WO1996030565A1 PCT/US1996/002771 US9602771W WO9630565A1 WO 1996030565 A1 WO1996030565 A1 WO 1996030565A1 US 9602771 W US9602771 W US 9602771W WO 9630565 A1 WO9630565 A1 WO 9630565A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sheet
cotton
manner
autoclave
scalding
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/002771
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jean Pierre Pringuer
Philippe Gregoire
Original Assignee
The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=8221472&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO1996030565(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by The Procter & Gamble Company filed Critical The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority to AU53567/96A priority Critical patent/AU5356796A/en
Priority to JP8529396A priority patent/JPH11504683A/ja
Publication of WO1996030565A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996030565A1/fr
Priority to MXPA/A/1997/007323A priority patent/MXPA97007323A/xx

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/02—Cotton wool; Wadding
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B9/00—Other mechanical treatment of natural fibrous or filamentary material to obtain fibres or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B1/00—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating
    • D06B1/02—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating by spraying or projecting
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
    • D06L1/12—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using aqueous solvents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
    • D06L4/10—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process of producing a sheet of cotton wool from raw cotton fibres, in particular from combing noil, which is obtained as a by-product in the process of manufacturing cotton fibres with the intention of spinning and weaving the combed products.
  • the longest fibres are sorted to be used for spinning and weaving high quality products.
  • the wastes from this first sorting or combing operation which are generally known as combing noil, and which are considered, in cotton technology, as high- quality by-products, act as starting material for processes of manufacturing cotton wool, make-up removing products, pharmaceutical or surgical pads, etc.
  • These by-products consist of good fibres which are well untangled and very clean, containing only a small amount of vegetable waste or other polluting agents.
  • the conventional method of using combing noil of this type consists in subjecting the raw (i.e.
  • the cotton having been subjected to this scalding and bleaching operation, is, subsequently, brought into a card room where it is processed on cards which comb the cotton fibres very finely, align them in a parallel manner, separate them from one another and make them into a nap which is subsequently processed.
  • the crude cotton fibres are conducted to perforated cylinders or belts, on which they are deposited in an approximately uniform manner to form a fluffy sheet having almost no cohesion; this sheet is brought to a wetting liquor containing hot water (50 to 70°C) and a wetting agent, in such a manner as to obtain a more compact sheet having a certain strength owing to physical cohesion, and to render this hydrophillic, and then, when this sheet is removed from the wetting liquor, it is dried between calender rollers, and wound on a cylinder which is subsequently introduced into an autoclave, in order to subject it to scalding and bleaching operations in a basic medium and at a temperature of the order of 130°C.
  • the sheet when it is ready to be subjected to scalding and bleaching operations in the autoclave, be wound around a hollow cylinder having perforations which are spaced uniformly on the surface thereof, that the spool which has thus been obtained be enclosed in a cylindrical sleeve, comprising, on the periphery thereof, perforations similar to those provided on the cylinder, and that there be associated, with the autoclave, a closed circuit for circulation of treatment fluids, the circuit comprising an inlet duct connected to the end of the perforated cylinder, an outlet duct connected to- an aperture provided for this purpose in the autoclave, and a circulation pump.
  • the above- mentioned method has the disadvantage of being relatively slow, taking into account the time which is required to perform the operations of scalding and bleaching the spools in the autoclave, which is of the order of 5 hours. It would, furthermore, be desirable to be able to reduce the duration of this treatment, especially since this is the only stage of the manufacturing process that is discontinuous.
  • a further disadvantage of the above-mentioned method of manufacturing cotton sheets relates to the fact that it involves the discharge of very polluting residual waters, which, depending on the nature of the chemical products being used, have, in particular, very high values of the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and very high contents of material in suspension (MIS) .
  • BOD biological oxygen demand
  • COD chemical oxygen demand
  • MIS material in suspension
  • a further disadvantage of the above-mentioned method relates to the fact that during the scalding and bleaching operations, it is necessary to control the variations of the pressure differential which are established between the liquid entering the spool and 7 the liquid leaving it, in such a manner as to avoid the coils on a part of the spool being torn.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome these disadvantages by proposing a method of manufacturing a cotton wool sheet of the above-mentioned type, which method is substantially less polluting and in which the treatment time in the autoclave may be substantially reduced whilst avoiding any risk of the coils being torn.
  • This method is characterised in that there is performed, in the impregnating bath, a sequestration of the catalytes of the cotton in the acid or neutral phase: agents for hardening the water and the cotton (calcium, magnesium) and metallic ions (iron, copper, manganese) in such a manner as to obtain a preliminary attack of the cotton fibres of such a type as to facilitate the subsequent operations of scalding and bleaching, and in that, before the sheet is wound onto a perforated hollow cylinder, it is subjected to a fluid pretreatment in that the entire width thereof is passed at right angles to banks of spraying devices comprising a series of nozzles which very close to one another and associated with a vacuum source and able to send a series of jets of a rinsing liquid through the sheet in such a manner as to obtain a preliminary connection thereof by the preliminary action of the fluid.
  • the preliminary attack of the cotton fibres by acidification to a pH of the order of 3 to 5 may, advantageously, be performed by adding to the impregnating bath, a suitable, weakly acid concentration, together with a sequestering agent; this allows the time necessary for the treatment in the autoclave to be reduced by approximately 45 minutes.
  • a suitable, weakly acid concentration together with a sequestering agent
  • the rate of removal of the sheet is between 120 and 140%; taking into account the characteristics of this fluid, it is necessary to provide a suitable rinsing with soft water upstream of the scalding operation in order not to disturb the action of the soda which is used; this renewal of the liquid which impregnates the sheet leaving the wetting liquor, permits, at the same time, a demineralisation thereof to be performed by removing the salts which form as a consequence of the action of the acid.
  • the fluid pretreatment permits an appreciable increase in the cohesion to be obtained during the scalding and bleaching treatment thereof; this results in a reduction of the risks of tearing following an insufficient control of the pressure differences which may prevail at the interior of the autoclave.
  • the rate of removal corresponds to the quantity of water discharged by the sheet; the total weight thereof is thus 275 g + 130 % of 275 g, ie. 632.5 g.
  • a breaking strain of 6% signifies that the sheet extends by 6% before tearing.
  • the scalding and bleaching operations are formed in a single stage by circulating a mixture of soda and hydrogen peroxide in the autoclave.
  • This combined pretreatment permits the total time of the treatment in the autoclave to be reduced to a duration of 3 hours in place of 5 hours, whilst a sheet of at least equivalent quality is obtained.
  • the sheet, having been subjected to the hydraulic pretreatment stage does not only have an increased cohesion upstream of the autoclave, as may have been expected, but also at the end of the treatment.
  • This improvement of the cohesion of the finished product is proved by the example which forms the object of Table 2, in which the strengths, at the end of treatment, of a sheet having been manufactured according to the conventional process in accordance with the above-mentioned document FR-2 552 120 on the one hand, and a sheet having been produced by the method according to the invention, on the other hand, are compared.
  • the hydraulic pretreatment stage according to the invention has the drawback of reducing the softness of the sheet to the touch, and of rendering it too rough to satisfy customers* expectations fully.
  • a first phase of this treatment is performed in the autoclave and consists in circulating, when the scalding and bleaching operations have been completed, a rinsing fluid, and then a softening solution which is known per se, and contains, in particular, fatty acid esters, in order to increase the softness and the suppleness of the sheet obtained after unwinding.
  • This first phase is broadly comparable to the action of softening agents which housewives have used on their linen for some years.
  • a supplementary surface softening treatment phase be associated with the above-mentioned first phase.
  • the wrung-out sheet which has previously been treated in the autoclave is, prior to drying, subjected, to this end, to a supplementary treatment consisting of spraying, in fine droplets, a supplementary softening solution onto each of its surfaces.
  • the supplementary softening solution consists of an aqueous emulsion of fatty acid amides and cationic fatty acid ester derivatives.
  • the sheet is directed substantially vertically by means of the guide rollers and allowed to pass, at right angles, two essentially horizontal banks of spraying devices which are located, respectively, opposite one of its faces and each of which extends over the whole of its width.
  • Each of the banks of spraying devices may, according to the invention, advantageously consist of a series of cupels with a substantially vertical axis, mounted side-by-side, turning very rapidly about themselves about this axis and supplied with a supplementary softening solution at their lower end which is opposite the sheet.
  • a spraying device of this type has the advantage of not being at risk of blocking.
  • the invention likewise relates to pieces of any shape and, in particular, to round pads of cotton produced by cutting a sheet which is obtained using the above-mentioned method.
  • Pieces of this type can be distinguished in particular by the softness and velvetiness thereof, and by the strength thereof in both the longitudinal and the transverse directions.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of the supplementary softening processing station.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of this same station.
  • the raw cotton used in this method is conducted in the direction of the arrow I to a first station A in which it is subjected to conventional preliminary beating and opening-up operations.
  • cotton flock which is opened up and physically clean, is obtained, which flock is conducted in the direction of the arrow II to a second station B for forming the sheet, consisting of perforated cylinders at the interior of which a certain sub-pressure prevails.
  • These cylinders which are not shown in detail in the Figures, attract the fibres under the effect of their empty interior.
  • This sheet which has a thickness of the order of 8 cm, is subsequently brought to a wetting station C consisting of an impregnating and pretreatment bath containing, for example, a solution composed of weak acid and sequestering and wetting agents.
  • the sheet III On leaving the impregnating bath, the sheet III is transformed into a sheet IV, the thickness of which is not more than approximately 1.5 mm and which is thus greatly compressed.
  • This sheet which has a certain strength as a consequence of the presence of connections between the fibres acquired under the effect of contact with the treatment liquid of the station C, is subsequently dried between the calender rollers D. On leaving these rollers, there is obtained a sheet V which is still very damp in view of the fact that it has a rate of removal of approximately 130%.
  • the sheet V is subsequently transferred to a hydraulic pretreatment station E where the entire width thereof is passed at right angles to banks of spraying devices, which are not shown in detail in the Figure, in such a manner as to permit the heavily mineralised treatment liquid from the impregnating bath C which impregnates the sheet, to be replaced by suitable soft water.
  • the banks of spraying devices equipping the station E comprise, in series, nozzles which are provided with apertures which are very fine and very close; each bank consequently sending, through the sheet, a series of pressurised jets which permit, in addition to the above-mentioned rinsing, a preadhesion of the sheet to be obtained by the effect of the fluid.
  • the sheet VI which has been rinsed and preadhered in this manner leaves the hydraulic pretreatment station E and is subsequently wound in a spool F on a perforated hollow cylinder 1.
  • Each spool F which comprises a length of the cotton sheet VI which may be in excess of 1 km, is subsequently transferred into an autoclave associated with a closed circuit for the circulation of processing fluid, as described and shown in the document FR-2 552 120.
  • the spool F is subjected, in a first step, to a scalding and bleaching treatment in a single stage by means of a mixture of soda and hydrogen peroxide; it is subsequently rinsed before being treated using a softening solution containing fatty acid esters.
  • the acid nature of the treatment bath C and the use of the hydraulic pretreatment phase E permit the total treatment time in the autoclave, which was initially of the order of 5 hours, to be reduced to a duration of from 3 hours to 3 hours 30.
  • the sheet VII leaving the autoclave is subsequently unwound and transferred to a station at which it is wrung out by suction.
  • the sheet VII which has been wrung out in this manner is subsequently transferred to a supplementary softening treating station H which will be described in more detail hereinbelow, and then to a drying station I and, finally, to a cutting station J where it is cut into round pads with a diameter of the order of 6 cm.
  • the supplementary softening treating station is provided with two guide rollers 2, 2' which are capable of deflecting the cotton sheet VIII which is displaced substantially horizontally through this station, in such a manner that it passes over a section K in which it is directed substantially vertically.
  • the station H is likewise provided with two substantially vertical banks of spraying devices 3, 3' which are located, respectively, either side of the guide rollers 2 and 2• and which the cotton sheet passes at right angles during the displacement thereof over the vertical section K.
  • Each of the vertical banks of spraying devices 3, 3' is intended to treat one of the surfaces of the sheet.
  • the vertical banks of spraying devices 3, 3 ' each extend over the entire width e of the sheet VIII and are each comprised of a series of cupels 4 have an axis X-X' which is substantially vertical and are mounted side-by-side in the immediate vicinity of one another and rotating very rapidly about themselves in the direction of the arrows c about their axis X-X' . It is understood that the number of three cuples which is shown in Figure 3 has only been selected with the object of clarity, and the number of cupels of each bank is, in fact, clearly greater.
  • Each of the cupels 4 is supplied in the direction of the arrows b with a softening liquid containing an aqueous emulsion of fatty acid amides and derivatives of cationic fatty acid esters, at the end thereof which is remote from the sheet.
  • a softening liquid containing an aqueous emulsion of fatty acid amides and derivatives of cationic fatty acid esters, at the end thereof which is remote from the sheet.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'une feuille de coton absorbant, selon lequel le coton brut est soumis à des opérations préliminaires de battage et d'ouverture des balles de manière à obtenir un flocon de coton. Ce dernier est dirigé sur des cylindres ou des bandes perforés pour former une feuille pelucheuse. Cette feuille est conduite à un bain d'imprégnation de manière à obtenir une feuille plus compacte, puis séchée et enroulée sur un cylindre creux perforé de manière à obtenir une bobine qui est introduite dans un autoclave, où elle est soumise à des opérations d'échaudage et de blanchiment. Le procédé est caractérisé en ce que le bain est acidifié, et avant l'enroulement de la feuille sur le cylindre creux perforé, celle-ci est soumise à un prétraitement par fluide, consistant à projeter un fluide de rinçage à travers cette feuille au moyen d'une série d'ajutages.
PCT/US1996/002771 1995-03-27 1996-03-01 Procede de production d'une feuille de coton WO1996030565A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU53567/96A AU5356796A (en) 1995-03-27 1996-03-01 Method of producing a sheet of cotton
JP8529396A JPH11504683A (ja) 1996-03-01 1996-03-01 綿シートの製造方法
MXPA/A/1997/007323A MXPA97007323A (en) 1995-03-27 1997-09-25 Method of production of a sheet of something

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95400676.3 1995-03-27
EP95400676A EP0735175B1 (fr) 1995-03-27 1995-03-27 Procédé de production d'une feuille d'ouate et pièces de coton fabriquées par découpage d'une feuille obtenue à partir de ce procédé

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996030565A1 true WO1996030565A1 (fr) 1996-10-03

Family

ID=8221472

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1996/002771 WO1996030565A1 (fr) 1995-03-27 1996-03-01 Procede de production d'une feuille de coton

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0735175B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR100263355B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE177484T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5356796A (fr)
CA (1) CA2214992A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69508226T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0735175T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2128674T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3030174T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996030565A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100804273B1 (ko) 2007-01-05 2008-02-18 (주)태봉 육묘 매트와 이의 제조 방법 및 이 육묘 매트를 이용한육묘장치
FR2978460B1 (fr) * 2011-07-28 2014-07-11 Georgia Pacific France Produit fibreux absorbant contenant au moins 50% de fibres cellulosiques hydrophiles et comprenant au moins deux couches dont l'une est hydroliee
PL3095422T3 (pl) 2015-05-22 2019-09-30 Essity Operations France Wacik bawełniany, proces i urządzenie do jego wytwarzania

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3234124A (en) * 1962-10-18 1966-02-08 Monsanto Co Sequestration of metal ions
FR1478515A (fr) * 1966-03-10 1967-04-28 Saint Denis Ets Nouveau feutre de coton
US3587139A (en) * 1966-12-15 1971-06-28 Thibeau & Cie Sa A Treatment of fibrous textile materials
US3802838A (en) * 1970-03-09 1974-04-09 H Serviere Process of manufacturing cotton
US3862822A (en) * 1971-09-07 1975-01-28 Kleinewefers Ind Compania Gmbh Method of and apparatus for wet treating textile fabrics
FR2265891A1 (en) * 1974-03-26 1975-10-24 Bertin & Cie Non-woven fabric prodn. - from fibre lap of which the fibres are entangled by fluid jets directed onto lap
US4658477A (en) * 1983-09-21 1987-04-21 Tempo Sanys Method of making a hydrophilic cotton "fleece", and a fleece obtained in accordance with the employment of this method, and pieces of cotton of any form which are obtained by cutting this fleece up

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3234124A (en) * 1962-10-18 1966-02-08 Monsanto Co Sequestration of metal ions
FR1478515A (fr) * 1966-03-10 1967-04-28 Saint Denis Ets Nouveau feutre de coton
US3587139A (en) * 1966-12-15 1971-06-28 Thibeau & Cie Sa A Treatment of fibrous textile materials
US3802838A (en) * 1970-03-09 1974-04-09 H Serviere Process of manufacturing cotton
US3862822A (en) * 1971-09-07 1975-01-28 Kleinewefers Ind Compania Gmbh Method of and apparatus for wet treating textile fabrics
FR2265891A1 (en) * 1974-03-26 1975-10-24 Bertin & Cie Non-woven fabric prodn. - from fibre lap of which the fibres are entangled by fluid jets directed onto lap
US4658477A (en) * 1983-09-21 1987-04-21 Tempo Sanys Method of making a hydrophilic cotton "fleece", and a fleece obtained in accordance with the employment of this method, and pieces of cotton of any form which are obtained by cutting this fleece up

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE177484T1 (de) 1999-03-15
EP0735175A1 (fr) 1996-10-02
CA2214992A1 (fr) 1996-10-03
KR100263355B1 (ko) 2000-12-01
DE69508226D1 (de) 1999-04-15
GR3030174T3 (en) 1999-08-31
EP0735175B1 (fr) 1999-03-10
MX9707323A (es) 1997-11-29
ES2128674T3 (es) 1999-05-16
AU5356796A (en) 1996-10-16
DE69508226T2 (de) 1999-07-29
KR19980703361A (ko) 1998-10-15
DK0735175T3 (da) 1999-09-27

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