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WO1996011746A1 - Electrostatic filters for cigarette ashes - Google Patents

Electrostatic filters for cigarette ashes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996011746A1
WO1996011746A1 PCT/IT1995/000159 IT9500159W WO9611746A1 WO 1996011746 A1 WO1996011746 A1 WO 1996011746A1 IT 9500159 W IT9500159 W IT 9500159W WO 9611746 A1 WO9611746 A1 WO 9611746A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metal
improvement according
dielectric
conductor
couple
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT1995/000159
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Riccardo Briguglio
Original Assignee
Riccardo Briguglio
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Riccardo Briguglio filed Critical Riccardo Briguglio
Publication of WO1996011746A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996011746A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/32—Transportable units, e.g. for cleaning room air
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/12—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of ion exchange materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F19/00—Ash-trays
    • A24F19/0042—Ash-trays with smoke filtering devices

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns an improvement of the electrostatic filters with Volta-effect, for first-class conductors , for the deionization of the ashes of cigarettes and s imilar , already described in a previous patent application , filed on 18th February 1993 under file no. RM 93 A000093 by the same applicant.
  • the pesent invention provides even the elimination of the internal electrode.
  • a further component of the improvement according to the present invention concerns the central electrode, usually having a cylindric geometry and a variable radius between 5.10 m and 90-95% of the radius of the usual filter of a cigarette, and provides beyond above mentioned cylindric shape, prismatic shapes and shapes having of their external surfaces grooves or reliefs.
  • a band of a conductor - also graphite - may be used, in which a wire or a small stripe or a succession of points of the second metal are inserted.
  • a further possible solution would be: an insulating graphitized stripe inside the metal - insulating stripe, or: insulator-metal with a folded insulating-graphitized edge.
  • the variant concerning the geometry of the central electrode is to be applied when said electrode has such a radius as to nearly completely close the filter area. Infact, said electrode would eliminate, replacing it, the acetate cylinder the cygarettes are provided with.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a plant view of the condenser with central electrode 1 and with external electrode 2 and metal 3, not necessaryily of the same nature of electrode 1, insulating electrode 4 and dielectric one 5.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show a metal band 2 with a lateral edge 6 raised: in figure 3, the wire of the second metal is continuous and placed at the limit of the folding 6 of the underlying band 2 while in figure 4 the wire 3 is segmented and/or dotted and is placed at the limit of the folding.
  • Figure 5 shows the coupling of two metal bands 2 and 3, of which one may be replaced if the internal part of one of the two insulating stripes is painted or if they are thermically englobed, if out of thermoplastic resin of graphite 10, in a colloidal solution, as shown in figure 7.
  • Figure 6 shows an axonometric and transparency bew of a band 2 with a wire 3 englobed with the lateral edge 6 folded, closed in layers between two bands of insulating material (paper, polyethilene, etc.), all with a knurling 9, insulator 7, rubberized bands 8.
  • insulating material paper, polyethilene, etc.
  • Figure 7 shows an improvement of figure 5 with the variant of the graphite 10 insulator 7, having also the function of electrode 3.
  • Figure 8 shows an axonometric view of a metal blade 2 with a folded band 6 with graphite 10.
  • Figure 9 shows a plant view of the details shown in figure 8, with a band folded 6 and knurled 9.
  • Figures 10 and 11 show a plant view of two central electrodes consisting of any material 11, non conductor and metallized 1 on the surface, with a cylindrical geometry as shown in figure 10 and prismatic with an hexagonal base as shown in figure 11 and with longitudinal grooves on their surfaces.
  • Figure 12 shows a lateral view of the central electrode with a metallized 1 solid body 11 and with features shown in figures 10 and 11 with a helix relief with a rectangular section 13.
  • Figure 13 shows a plant view of an electrostatic filter with a central electrode with a radius that is 90-95% of the one of a conventional cigarette filter, consisting of a solid 11 as shown in figures 10 and 11 metallized on the surface 1 with a porous-dielectric septum 5,like e.g. filter paper, filling up the tiny space remaining with the external electrode 2 with englobed metal 3, not necessaryily of the same nature of the central one 1.
  • the exploitation of above mentioned phenomena may be obtained by the coupling of the two metals 1-2 onto the compact cylindrical body 11, that may be - if necessary - filled with any material, and with the addition of the provided electrode 3, forming the second armour of the condenser, of a metal wire-like conductor 3' , so as to determine the realization of two very particular condensers: external electrode 3' - dielectric - couple 1-2 - dilectric - metal 3, wherein said couple 1-2 is the seat of electric potential.
  • one of the metals may be e.g. graphite used as a paint on a paper support.
  • Figure 14 shows, in an axonometric view:
  • a compact cylindric body 11 that may be realized with rolled paper, polystyrene, etc., or with a tube of thermoplastic material, of polyethylene, polypropylene etc.;
  • metal 3 equal or different from metals 1 and 2 ;
  • FIG. 15 shows an exloded view of a cylindric body 11 as shown in figure 14, but hollow, the filling dielectric 5 and a metal blade 3, as the bi-couple 1-2 of figure 14 is - in the present case - placed outside the filter, of the same or of different nature from 1 and 2.
  • Figure 16 shows an exploded and transparency axonometric view of a variant according to the present invention as shown in figure 15, but characterized in the closing of the lower and upper surfaces of the cylinder-tube 11, which closing is performed with the same metal material 1, and the dielectric 5.
  • Figure 17 shows in an axonometric and exploded view:
  • Figure 18 shows a plant view of a variant according to the present invention with a dielectric stripe 4 and a monoband , slightly projecting from the metal stripe 15.
  • the dielectric stripe 4 is shown , out of filter paper or similar , with a double metal band 16 on the front and on the back , beeing exactly opposite .
  • Figure 20 shows a plant view of a variant according to the present invention , provided with a dielectric stripe 4 with metal seams 17.
  • Figure 21 shows a variant according to the present invention comprising a sandwich consisting of a metal layer 1 , a filter paper , or other porous material , layer and a metal layer 1.
  • Figure 22 shows an axonometric square section with transparency parts in which are shown:

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Magnetic Heads (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Abstract

An improvement of the electrostatic filters with Volta-effect, for first-class conductors, for the deionization of the ashes of cigarettes and similar, wherein said improvement simplifies, at industrial level, the realization of said electrostatic filters with Volta-effect and eliminates the actual use of the so-called cellulose silkworm used for the realization of the cigarette filters. The improvement provides the realization of conductor blades obtained by means of painting with natural graphite in colloidal solution; the realization of internal electrodes, electrically non-conductor and made such only on their lateral surface by metallizing or by painting with colloidal graphite and, furthermore, by means of a pre-realization of sandwiches having the double function of bi-couple devices and replacing the external paper of the actual filters.

Description

ELECTROSTATIC FILTERS FOR CIGARETTE ASHES
The present invention concerns an improvement of the electrostatic filters with Volta-effect, for first-class conductors , for the deionization of the ashes of cigarettes and s imilar , already described in a previous patent application , filed on 18th February 1993 under file no. RM 93 A000093 by the same applicant.
In above mentioned prior art an electrostatic wire was claimed making use of a condenser for holding the ionized particles present in the smoke of cigarettes and similar.
It is the aim of the improvement according to the present invention to simplify and vary the structure of the electrostatic filters with Volta- ef fect , compris ing cyl indr ic condensers , eliminating the interconnection established between their two armours , for realizing a bimetallic contact responsible for the potential difference between two points of the dielectric near two said two metals . Such a contact, established by a connection section, would be instead established locally on any of the coils of the condenser.
In a further variant, even if with lower efficiency, the pesent invention provides even the elimination of the internal electrode.
A further component of the improvement according to the present invention concerns the central electrode, usually having a cylindric geometry and a variable radius between 5.10 m and 90-95% of the radius of the usual filter of a cigarette, and provides beyond above mentioned cylindric shape, prismatic shapes and shapes having of their external surfaces grooves or reliefs.
The first of such variants, eliminating the connection sector between the couple of different metals, considerably simplifies the working processes on industrial level. Infact, in the industrial realization of the so-called cellulose acetate filters, it will be sufficient to insert in longitudinal sense - if only it shall not be eliminated - the internal metallic electrode or of any other insulating material, made conductive on its surface and obtained also by printing or extruding of thermoplastic, appropriate resins, or replacing the common papers enveloping the cigarettes' filters with layers obtained coupling two different metals and all closed between two paper bands or other insulating material. Even, as the Volt-effect does not depend on the extension of the contact, a band of a conductor - also graphite - may be used, in which a wire or a small stripe or a succession of points of the second metal are inserted. A further possible solution would be: an insulating graphitized stripe inside the metal - insulating stripe, or: insulator-metal with a folded insulating-graphitized edge.
The variant concerning the geometry of the central electrode is to be applied when said electrode has such a radius as to nearly completely close the filter area. Infact, said electrode would eliminate, replacing it, the acetate cylinder the cygarettes are provided with.
The purpose of the grooves is to lead the smoke towards the mouth. What remains of the free area of above mentioned electrode would be filled out by a porous septum, like a filter paper. Some variants of the improvement according to the present invention will be shown more in detail hereinbelow relating to the enclosed drawings in which some embodiments are shown.
Figures 1 and 2 show a plant view of the condenser with central electrode 1 and with external electrode 2 and metal 3, not necesarily of the same nature of electrode 1, insulating electrode 4 and dielectric one 5.
Figures 3 and 4 show a metal band 2 with a lateral edge 6 raised: in figure 3, the wire of the second metal is continuous and placed at the limit of the folding 6 of the underlying band 2 while in figure 4 the wire 3 is segmented and/or dotted and is placed at the limit of the folding.
Figure 5 shows the coupling of two metal bands 2 and 3, of which one may be replaced if the internal part of one of the two insulating stripes is painted or if they are thermically englobed, if out of thermoplastic resin of graphite 10, in a colloidal solution, as shown in figure 7.
Figure 6 shows an axonometric and transparency vivew of a band 2 with a wire 3 englobed with the lateral edge 6 folded, closed in layers between two bands of insulating material (paper, polyethilene, etc.), all with a knurling 9, insulator 7, rubberized bands 8.
Figure 7 shows an improvement of figure 5 with the variant of the graphite 10 insulator 7, having also the function of electrode 3.
Figure 8 shows an axonometric view of a metal blade 2 with a folded band 6 with graphite 10.
Figure 9 shows a plant view of the details shown in figure 8, with a band folded 6 and knurled 9.
Figures 10 and 11 show a plant view of two central electrodes consisting of any material 11, non conductor and metallized 1 on the surface, with a cylindrical geometry as shown in figure 10 and prismatic with an hexagonal base as shown in figure 11 and with longitudinal grooves on their surfaces.
Figure 12 shows a lateral view of the central electrode with a metallized 1 solid body 11 and with features shown in figures 10 and 11 with a helix relief with a rectangular section 13. Figure 13 shows a plant view of an electrostatic filter with a central electrode with a radius that is 90-95% of the one of a conventional cigarette filter, consisting of a solid 11 as shown in figures 10 and 11 metallized on the surface 1 with a porous-dielectric septum 5,like e.g. filter paper, filling up the tiny space remaining with the external electrode 2 with englobed metal 3, not necesarily of the same nature of the central one 1.
In possible variants according to the present inventio, shown in enclosed figures 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, providing the adoption of the principle claimed in above mentioned patent no. RM 93 A000093, comprising the presence of a metal blade 1, of a U-folded metal wire and of a metal blade 2, without exploiting the phenomena linked to the electrostatic induction, it appears to be necessary to assure an electric contact between the two armours of the condenser, that are at the same time the elements of the metal couple.
As a further varianto of the invensione, the exploitation of above mentioned phenomena may be obtained by the coupling of the two metals 1-2 onto the compact cylindrical body 11, that may be - if necessary - filled with any material, and with the addition of the provided electrode 3, forming the second armour of the condenser, of a metal wire-like conductor 3' , so as to determine the realization of two very particular condensers: external electrode 3' - dielectric - couple 1-2 - dilectric - metal 3, wherein said couple 1-2 is the seat of electric potential.
In a variant according to the present invention, one of the metals may be e.g. graphite used as a paint on a paper support.
Figure 14 shows, in an axonometric view:
- a compact cylindric body 11, that may be realized with rolled paper, polystyrene, etc., or with a tube of thermoplastic material, of polyethylene, polypropylene etc.;
- a metal blade 1;
- a blade 2 of different metal 4 (bi-couple) ; insulating material 4 with a pos s ible appropriate piercing so as to realize a grating;
- a dielectric 5 out of filter paper or similar;
- a metal 3 , equal or different from metals 1 and 2 ;
- insulating material 4 , like the conventional external clothing of the acetate filters . Figure 15 shows an exloded view of a cylindric body 11 as shown in figure 14, but hollow, the filling dielectric 5 and a metal blade 3, as the bi-couple 1-2 of figure 14 is - in the present case - placed outside the filter, of the same or of different nature from 1 and 2.
Figure 16 shows an exploded and transparency axonometric view of a variant according to the present invention as shown in figure 15, but characterized in the closing of the lower and upper surfaces of the cylinder-tube 11, which closing is performed with the same metal material 1, and the dielectric 5.
Figure 17 shows in an axonometric and exploded view:
- a cylindric body as shown in figure 14;
- a wrapping-up material 1, with four insulating layers distributed in such a way as to leave uncovered conductor bands 16 of the same nature like metal layer 1 or like metal 2, whereby said insulating layers 4 may also not be used;
- a dielectric 5 out of paper or other similar material 4;
- metal bands 16, placed side by side and self- riveted on the back and on the front and on the side of the dielectric , like the detail 14 shown in the following figure 21 ; - a metal 2 and the insulator-gasket 4.
Figure 18 shows a plant view of a variant according to the present invention with a dielectric stripe 4 and a monoband , slightly projecting from the metal stripe 15.
In figure 19 , the dielectric stripe 4 is shown , out of filter paper or similar , with a double metal band 16 on the front and on the back , beeing exactly opposite .
Figure 20 shows a plant view of a variant according to the present invention , provided with a dielectric stripe 4 with metal seams 17.
Figure 21 shows a variant according to the present invention comprising a sandwich consisting of a metal layer 1 , a filter paper , or other porous material , layer and a metal layer 1.
Figure 22 shows an axonometric square section with transparency parts in which are shown:
- a cylindrical body 11 with filling dielectric 5 ;
- an axial wire-shaped metal electrode 3 ; - a metal 1 (first element of the couple);
- a metal 2 (second element of the couple) ;
- an insulating layer 4 that may be pierced or even not;
- a dielectric layer 5;
- a metal layer 3; so that the whole forms a double condenser of the armours 1 and 3; 2 and 3 with the insulating- gasket layer 4.

Claims

1. "An improvement for electrostatic filters with Volta-effect, with first-class conductors, for the deionization of the ashes of cigarettes and similar, characterized in the elimination of the sector connecting the two armours of the condenser and assuring the bimetallic contact, that instead is locally realized on the external electrode or on the internal electrode that could be completely eliminated, and further characterized in that it makes use of internal electrodes with susrface grooves that assure the draught.
2. An improvement according to claim 1, characterized in internal electrodes realized with (electriclaly) non-conductor material, that only on its surface is conductor.
3. An improvement according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that said electrodes are made conductors on their surface by metal coating or painting with pure crystal graphite in colloidal solution or in a thermic englobing if the supporting material is a thermoplastic resin.
4. An improvement according to claim 1,characterized in a bimetallic couple realized by coupling metal bands or conductors, like graphite, or by inserting wires or segments and/or metal points in conductor bands, or directly with metal graphite bands by coating them with a colloidal graphite solution.
5. An improvement according to claim 1, characterized in the realization of conductor bands for the realization of the bimetallic couples, making use of paper covered, by painting, with a layer of graphite in colloidal solution.
6. An improvement according to claim 1, characterized in the pre-realization of layers, like elements forming the electrostatic filters with Volta- effect, consisting of the following chain: a non¬ conductor metal band (with a wire that may be internal, segmented or dotted or with a graphite band) - non conductor band, or: non-conductor band (with its internal part made such by means of painting with a colloidal graphite solution) - metal - insulating band.
7. An improvement according to claim 1, characterized in that the two non-conductor bands laterally show a rubberizing for their reciprocal glueing.
8. An improvement according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal wires or segments or points ae placed along the folding of the bands - conductors or made conductors and therefore envelopped below the folded edge, and all that enclosed between two stripes of insulating material with the lateral rubberized edges, with terminal knurling of the layer.
9. An improvement according to claim 1 characterized in a bimetallic couple obtainer by painting, with a pure crystal graphite colloidal solution, of a lateral band of a metal blade; after the self- riveting of said edge the graphite remains closed therein, especially if said edge is knurled even if for assuring a better contact.
10. An improvement according to claim 1, characterized in the presence of a metal blade (1) , a U-foldeed metal wire and a metal blade (2), and of an electric contact between the two armours ofthe condenser that form, at the same time, the elements of the metal couple.
11. An improvement according to cliam 1, characterized in the the coupling of the two metals (1-2) onto the compact cylindrical body (11), that may be - if necessary - filled with any material, and with the addition of the provided electrode (3), forming the second armour of the condenser, of a metal wire-like conductor (3' ), so as to determine the realization of two very particular condensers: external electrode (3') - dielectric - couple (1- 2) - dilectric - metal (3) wherein said couple (1- 2) is the seat of electric potential.
12. An improvement according to claim 1, characterized in:
- a compact cylindric body (11), that may be realized with rolled paper, polystyrene, etc., or with a tube of thermoplastic material, of polyethylene, polypropylene etc.;
- a metal blade (1);
- a blade (2) of different metal (4) (bi-couple);
- insulating material (4) with a possible appropriate piercing so as to realize a grating;
- a dielectric (5) out of filter paper or similar;
- a metal (3), equal or different from metals (1) and (2);
- insulating material (4), like the conventional external clothing of the acetate filters.
13. An improvement according to claim 1, characterized in a hollow cylindric body (11), in the filling dielectric (5) and a metal blade (3), as the bi- couple (1-2) placed outside the filter, of the same or of different nature from (1) and (2).
14. An improvement according to claim 1, characterized in the closing of the lower and upper surfaces of the cylinder-tube (11), which closing is performed with the same metal material (1), and the dielectric (5) .
15. An improvement according to claim 1, characterized in:
- a cylindric body as shown in figure (14);
- a wrapping-up material (1) , with four insulating layers distributed in such a way as to leave uncovered conductor bands (16) of the same nature like metal layer (1) or like metal (2) , whereby said insulating layers (4) may also not be used;
- a dielectric (5) out of paper or other similar material (4);
- metal bands (16), placed side by side and self- riveted on the back and on the front and on the side of the dielectric, like the detail (14) shown in the following figure (21); - a metal (2) and the insulator-gasket (4) .
16. An improvement according to claim 1, characterized in a dielectric stripe (4) and a monoband, slightly projecting from the metal stripe (15).
17. An improvement according to claim 1, characterized in a dielectric stripe (4), out of filter paper or similar, with a double metal band (16) on the front and on the back, beeing exactly opposite.
18. An improvement according to claim 1, characterized in a dielectric stripe (4) with metal seams (17).
19. An improvement according to claim 1, characterized in sandwich consisting of a metal layer (1), a filter paper, or other porous material, layer and a metal layer (1) .
20. An improvement according to claim 1, characterized in:
- a cylindrical body (11) with filling dielectric (5);
- an axial wire-shaped metal electrode (3);
- a metal (1) (first element of the couple);
- a metal (2) (second element of the couple); - an insulating layer (4) that may be pierced or even not;
- a dielectric layer (5) ;
- a metal layer (3); so that the whole forms a double condenser of the armours (1 and 3); (2 and 3) with the insulating- gasket layer (4).
PCT/IT1995/000159 1994-10-13 1995-10-04 Electrostatic filters for cigarette ashes WO1996011746A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITRM940656A IT1274953B (en) 1994-10-13 1994-10-13 PERFECTION OF ELECTROSTATIC VACUUM FILTERS WITH FIRST-CLASS CONDUCTORS, FOR THE DEIONIZATION OF THE CIGARETTE ARMS AND SIMILAR
ITRM94A000656 1994-10-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996011746A1 true WO1996011746A1 (en) 1996-04-25

Family

ID=11402767

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IT1995/000159 WO1996011746A1 (en) 1994-10-13 1995-10-04 Electrostatic filters for cigarette ashes

Country Status (2)

Country Link
IT (1) IT1274953B (en)
WO (1) WO1996011746A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0921861A1 (en) * 1996-07-25 1999-06-16 YAMAMOTO, Yujiro Filter apparatus with induced voltage electrode

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1457311A1 (en) * 1963-01-21 1969-03-20 Gen Electric Device for flame ionization
JPS6342753A (en) * 1986-08-09 1988-02-23 Norio Murazaki Electrifying method for material and device therefor
JPS63274463A (en) * 1987-05-06 1988-11-11 France Bed Co air purifier
US4883224A (en) * 1988-05-18 1989-11-28 Sun Shin Ching Ashtray apparatus
EP0369670A2 (en) * 1988-11-18 1990-05-23 Aspden, Harold Dr. Thermoelectric energy conversion

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1457311A1 (en) * 1963-01-21 1969-03-20 Gen Electric Device for flame ionization
JPS6342753A (en) * 1986-08-09 1988-02-23 Norio Murazaki Electrifying method for material and device therefor
JPS63274463A (en) * 1987-05-06 1988-11-11 France Bed Co air purifier
US4883224A (en) * 1988-05-18 1989-11-28 Sun Shin Ching Ashtray apparatus
EP0369670A2 (en) * 1988-11-18 1990-05-23 Aspden, Harold Dr. Thermoelectric energy conversion

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 258 (C - 513) 20 July 1988 (1988-07-20) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 013, no. 095 (C - 573) 6 March 1989 (1989-03-06) *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0921861A1 (en) * 1996-07-25 1999-06-16 YAMAMOTO, Yujiro Filter apparatus with induced voltage electrode
EP0921861A4 (en) * 1996-07-25 2000-02-23 Yujiro Yamamoto Filter apparatus with induced voltage electrode

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1274953B (en) 1997-07-29
ITRM940656A1 (en) 1996-04-13
ITRM940656A0 (en) 1994-10-13

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