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WO1996008055A1 - Very large band, double polarisation, miniature planar antenna - Google Patents

Very large band, double polarisation, miniature planar antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996008055A1
WO1996008055A1 PCT/FR1995/001151 FR9501151W WO9608055A1 WO 1996008055 A1 WO1996008055 A1 WO 1996008055A1 FR 9501151 W FR9501151 W FR 9501151W WO 9608055 A1 WO9608055 A1 WO 9608055A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
slots
lines
antenna according
orthogonal
antenna
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1995/001151
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Djalal Razazi
Original Assignee
Djalal Razazi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Djalal Razazi filed Critical Djalal Razazi
Publication of WO1996008055A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996008055A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coupling supply device with slots, miniaturized and geometrically deformed, capable of generating waves linearly or circularly polarized in a printed or plated very wide band antenna.
  • the field of the invention is very vast. Not only can the invention be applied in multi-satellite guidance, tracking, monitoring and reception devices, but it is also of great interest for wide bandwidth antennas from 10.7 to 14.5 GHz (higher 30%) on board satellites.
  • the printed antennas try to supplant the satellite dishes. Indeed, they have obvious advantages not only in terms of dimensions, size, weight, cost and ease of installation, but also from the point of view of pointing accuracy and bandwidth.
  • This patent describes a square patch antenna with two polarizations, excited by two orthogonally crossed slits, of reduced dimensions and whose feed lines, orthogonal and crossed in a same plan, .are arranged at 45 ° from the slots.
  • the dimensions have been relatively reduced but the bandwidth is very low in the KU band as well as the decoupling. Indeed, so that the decoupling between the two orthogonal polarizations can be done correctly, it is necessary to respect the symmetry of the slits with respect to their axis of resonance.
  • the present invention aims to build a compact, simple, easy to perform device where each radiating element generates two well independent polarized waves with a very large bandwidth in K.U. band and good decoupling between the two channels.
  • the device comprises two orthogonal supply lines, located in the same plane under the radiating element and capable of generating waves linearly polarized (horizontally and vertically) and independent, or two circularly polarized waves and opposite.
  • Each line, microstrip or triplate, generally radial, supplies a slot by electromagnetic coupling.
  • the lines do not cross and are therefore completely independent.
  • the slots thanks to their trapezoidal geometric shape are well separated from each other. Each slot is perpendicular to a transmission line. This original arrangement of lines and slots makes it possible to miniaturize the device and to obtain good decoupling.
  • Each slot couples with a resonator located above it.
  • a second superimposed resonator makes it possible to widen the bandwidth.
  • These couplings result in a large bandwidth, greater than 40% of bandwidth between 10 and 15 GHz (transmission and reception band of on-board satellites) at an R.O.S. less than 1.9.
  • the R.O.S. is less than 1.2.
  • No radiation from the microstrip or triplate transmission line can interfere with the main radiation mode since a ground plane separates the two mechanisms. This gives the device a high purity of linear (horizontal / vertical) and circular polarization.
  • the configuration is well suited to monolithic systems, where the active elements can be integrated, for example on a gallium-arsenic substrate containing the transmission line, and the radial elements can be located on an adjacent substrate of low dielectric constant and coupled to transmission lines through openings in the ground plane separating the two substrates.
  • This new method of excitation of a printed antenna requires no direct connection between the antenna and the transmission elements.
  • the coupling to the microstrip line is made by a small opening located under the "patch” in the ground plane and whose shape is generally that of an open “stub"
  • the absence of a direct connection avoids the problems posed by the large reactances due to the input connections (self), o by the large widths of microstrip relative to the size of the "patch", which are critical at millimeter frequencies.
  • the dimensions of the device are: thickness of approximately 5 c depending on the integrated converter used, height of 20 cm and width of 20 or 30 cm depending on the power (strong or weak) of the satellite. The weight of the device and its bulk are reduced due to its dimensions.
  • the materials used are inexpensive.
  • the structure of the device is evolving; indeed the radiation diagram can be modified at will by acting on the phase shift or the amplitude
  • Figure 1 shows a top view of a preferred embodiment of an antenna according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 represents a sectional view of the previous antenna presented in FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 represent the variation curve of stationary wave ratio (ROS) as a function of frequency, respectively for the first and the second transmission channel of an antenna such as that presented in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 5 represents the variation curve, as a function of frequency, of the decoupling between the two transmission channels of an antenna such as that presented in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the frequency bands of the curves represented in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 correspond to the emission frequencies of the satellites, that is to say values between 10.7 and 12.75 GHz.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 represent the curve of variation of the standing wave ratio (ROS) as a function of the frequency, respectively for the first and the second transmission channel of an antenna such as that presented in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the frequency bands of the curves represented in these figures correspond to the transmission and reception frequencies of the on-board satellites, that is to say values between 10.7 and 14.5 GHz.
  • the device comprises two supply lines 5a and 5b orthogonal, but not intersecting, located in the same plane 5 under the superposed radiating elements 10 and 11, and capable of generating waves linearly polarized (horizontally and vertically) independent, or two circularly opposite polarized waves.
  • These conductive lines 5a and 5b are deposited orthogonal to a dielectric substrate 6 according to the conventional technique of printed circuits. They do not intersect and are therefore completely independent of each other.
  • the slots 3a and 3b are etched on the same substrate 6 in the ground plane 4 opposite to the conductive plane 5.
  • each supply line extends in open circuit beyond the slot with a length of ⁇ / 4, ⁇ being the wavelength in said excitation lines.
  • the slot extends on either side of the line of the same length ⁇ / 4.
  • each line extends beyond each slot with a length less than ⁇ / 4.
  • the lines end in open circuit.
  • the slots 3a and 3b extend perpendicularly on either side of the lines 5a and 5b by a value less than the conventional length of ⁇ / 4.
  • Each slot 3a or 3b couples with a resonator 10 located above it.
  • a second resonator 11 superimposed on the premi makes it possible to widen the bandwidth.
  • the planes of the radiating elements 10 and 11 are parallel to the ground plane 4.
  • the center of each resonator 10 and 11 the center of resonance of the slots 3a and 3b are aligned on the right orthogonal to the planes of the radiating elements 10 and 11 to the plane of mass 4. This alignment of the centers of the two radiating elements with the resonance center of the slots makes it possible to eliminate the deflection of the beam.
  • the radiating elements both participate in the generation of two microwave waves with distinct polarizations. According to the invention, it is possible to reduce the size of the first radiated element in order to increase the frequency decoupling between the two channels.
  • FIG. 3 represents the variation curve of the ROS as a function of the frequency for the first transmission line 5a.
  • the frequency band is between 10.55 and 13.6 GH.
  • the attenuation of this band corresponds to a ROS lower than 1.3.
  • central frequency f c is 12.07 GHz;.
  • FIG. 4 represents the curve of variation of the ROS as a function of the frequency for the second transmission line 5b.
  • the frequency band is between 10.7 and 13.8 GH
  • the attenuation of this band corresponds to a lower ROS equal to 1.3.
  • the center frequency f c is 12.25 GHz;. Which gives a percentage ⁇ f / f c equal to about 25%.
  • the R.O.S. is less than or equal to 1.2.
  • the decoupling is less than or equal to - 25 dB, as shown in FIG. 5. This good decoupling is due to the characteristics of the invention: arrangement and dimension of the transmission lines 5a and 5b, and of the slots 3a and 3b,
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show the variation curve of the R.O.S. as a function of frequency for the first and second transmission lines, respectively.
  • the frequency bandwidth is between 10 and 15 GHz.
  • the corresponding percentage is 40%.
  • the R.O.S. is less than 1.9.
  • the device described above generates two orthogonal waves linearly polarized (horizontal and vertical), independent of each other.
  • the structure of the device is indeed evolving and the radiation diagram can be modified at will by acting on the phase shift and the amplitude.
  • phase shifters makes it possible to design an active tracking or monitoring antenna.
  • the device according to the invention is more particularly intended
  • this antenna can cover all the channels from 10.7 to 12.75 GHz by itself

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a miniature planar antenna, of which at least one radiating element (10) generates two independent orthogonal polarised waves. Each radiating element (10 and 11) is supplied by two orthogonal supply lines (5a and 5b), situated in the same plane (5) and independent from each other, through two slots (3a and 3b) orthogonal between each other, perpendicular to the lines, engraved in a same earth plane (4) and separated from each other. The invention provides for a strong reduction in the coupling and in the cross-polarisation level and for the increase of the pass-band width. Applications: particularly to multi-satellite reception antennas and wide-band emission and reception antennas on in-board satellites.

Description

Antenne plaquée miniaturisée à double polarisation à très large bande. Very wide band double polarized miniaturized plated antenna.
L'invention concerne un dispositif d'alimentation par couplage à fentes, miniaturisées et déformées géométriquement, pouvant engendrer des ondes polarisées linéairement ou circulairement dans une antenne imprimée ou plaquée à très large bande.The invention relates to a coupling supply device with slots, miniaturized and geometrically deformed, capable of generating waves linearly or circularly polarized in a printed or plated very wide band antenna.
Le domaine de l'invention est très vaste. Non seulement l'invention peut s'appliquer dans les dispositifs de guidage, de poursuite, de surveillance et de réception multisatellites, mais encore elle présente un grand intérêt pour les antennes à large bande passante de 10,7 à 14,5 GHz ( supérieure à 30% ) embarquées sur satellites. Les antennes imprimées tentent à supplanter les antennes paraboliques. En effet, elles présentent des avantages évidents non seulement en ce qui concerne les dimensions, l'encombrement, le poids, le coût et la facilité d'installation, mais encore du point de vue de la précision du pointage et de la largeur de bandeThe field of the invention is very vast. Not only can the invention be applied in multi-satellite guidance, tracking, monitoring and reception devices, but it is also of great interest for wide bandwidth antennas from 10.7 to 14.5 GHz (higher 30%) on board satellites. The printed antennas try to supplant the satellite dishes. Indeed, they have obvious advantages not only in terms of dimensions, size, weight, cost and ease of installation, but also from the point of view of pointing accuracy and bandwidth.
Cependant l'amélioration des performances notamment la montée en fréquence en bande K.U. nécessite de reconsidérer la technologie pour éviter l'accroissement des pertes, permettre une meilleure miniaturisation du dispositif et parfaire la technique de connexion et de réalisation des éléments.However, improving performance, in particular the increase in frequency in the K.U. band, requires reconsidering the technology to avoid increasing losses, allowing better miniaturization of the device and perfecting the technique of connection and production of the elements.
Les modes d'alimentation d'une antenne imprimée de type « patch » sont multiples, la meilleure étant l'alimentation par couplage par fente à partir d'une ligne microruban ou triplaque. Ces dispositifs d'alimentation sont parfaitement connus et facilement réalisables pour une simple polarisation dans une largeur de bande passante relativement peu élevée. La nécessité d'obtenir une double polarisation entraîne des difficultés car la multiplicité des éléments rayonnants peut perturber la pureté de la polarisation, la qualité du rayonnement et la largeur de la bande passante. De plus, la nécessité de transition entre les éléments entraîne l'utilisation d'une technologie de plus en plus complexe et la mise au point du système d'autant plus compliquée. Une solution connue concernant la miniaturisation es proposée dans le brevet n° 2685130. Ce brevet décrit une antenn pastille carrée à deux polarisations, excitée par deux fente croisées orthogonalement, de dimensions réduites et dont le lignes d'alimentation, orthogonales et croisées dans un mêm plan,.sont disposées à 45° des fentes. Dans un tel dispositif, les dimensions ont été relativement réduites mais la band passante est très faible en bande K.U. ainsi que le découplage. En effet, pour que le découplage entre les deux polarisation orthogonales puisse se faire correctement, il est nécessaire d respecter la symétrie des fentes par rapport à leur axe d résonance. Dans ce dispositif le centre des fentes doit don coïncider exactement avec le point de concours des lignes, c qui est très difficile à réaliser même si les fentes et le lignes appartiennent au même substrat; cet inconvénient a ét mentionné dans le brevet n° 2677814. En outre, dans c dispositif les deux lignes croisées ne sont pas indépendantes, ce qui empêche de réduire le découplage.The methods of supplying a printed “patch” type antenna are manifold, the best being the supply by slot coupling from a microstrip or three-ply line. These supply devices are perfectly known and easily achievable for simple polarization in a relatively small bandwidth. The need to obtain a double polarization gives rise to difficulties since the multiplicity of radiating elements can disturb the purity of the polarization, the quality of the radiation and the width of the passband. In addition, the need for transition between the elements leads to the use of an increasingly complex technology and the development of the system all the more complicated. A known solution concerning miniaturization is proposed in patent n ° 2685130. This patent describes a square patch antenna with two polarizations, excited by two orthogonally crossed slits, of reduced dimensions and whose feed lines, orthogonal and crossed in a same plan, .are arranged at 45 ° from the slots. In such a device, the dimensions have been relatively reduced but the bandwidth is very low in the KU band as well as the decoupling. Indeed, so that the decoupling between the two orthogonal polarizations can be done correctly, it is necessary to respect the symmetry of the slits with respect to their axis of resonance. In this device the center of the slits must therefore coincide exactly with the point of intersection of the lines, which is very difficult to achieve even if the slits and the lines belong to the same substrate; this drawback was mentioned in patent n ° 2677814. In addition, in this device the two crossed lines are not independent, which prevents reduction of the decoupling.
Une autre solution d'antenne plaquée à double polarisatio est décrite dans le brevet n° 2700067. Chaque élément rayonnan générant deux ondes à polarisation distincte, est alimenté pa deux lignes indépendantes à travers plusieurs fentes découpée dans un plan de masse. La réalisation d'un tel dispositif perme un bon découplage mais la largeur de bande reste faible pa rapport à notre objectif. De plus la structure n'est pa compacte et sa réalisation s'avère difficile et inapplicable e bande X et K.U..Another double polarized antenna solution is described in patent n ° 2700067. Each Rayon element generating two waves with distinct polarization, is fed by two independent lines through several slots cut in a ground plane. The realization of such a device allows good decoupling but the bandwidth remains low pa compared to our objective. In addition, the structure is not compact and its realization proves difficult and inapplicable to the X and K.U band.
La présente invention a pour objectif la construction d'u dispositif compact, simple, facile à réaliser où chaque élémen rayonnant engendre deux ondes polarisées bien indépendantes ave une très grande largeur de bande passante en bande K.U. et u bon découplage entre les deux voies.The present invention aims to build a compact, simple, easy to perform device where each radiating element generates two well independent polarized waves with a very large bandwidth in K.U. band and good decoupling between the two channels.
Le dispositif comprend deux lignes d'alimentatio orthogonales, situées dans un même plan sous l'élément rayonnan et pouvant engendrer des ondes polarisées linéairement ( horizontalement et verticalement ) et indépendantes, ou deu ondes polarisées circulairement et opposées. Chaque ligne, microruban ou triplaque, en général radiale, alimente une fente par couplage électromagnétique.The device comprises two orthogonal supply lines, located in the same plane under the radiating element and capable of generating waves linearly polarized (horizontally and vertically) and independent, or two circularly polarized waves and opposite. Each line, microstrip or triplate, generally radial, supplies a slot by electromagnetic coupling.
L'appartenance des lignes et des fentes au même substrat simplifie la construction du dispositif et permet un gain d'épaisseur.The fact that the lines and slots belong to the same substrate simplifies the construction of the device and allows a gain in thickness.
Les lignes ne se croisent pas et sont donc totalement indépendantes. Les fentes grâce à leur forme géométrique trapézoïdale sont bien séparées l'une de l'autre. Chaque fente est perpendiculaire à une ligne de transmission. Cette disposition originale des lignes et des fentes permet de miniaturiser le dispositif et d'obtenir un bon découplage.The lines do not cross and are therefore completely independent. The slots thanks to their trapezoidal geometric shape are well separated from each other. Each slot is perpendicular to a transmission line. This original arrangement of lines and slots makes it possible to miniaturize the device and to obtain good decoupling.
Chaque fente se couple avec un résonateur situé au-dessus d'elle. Un deuxième résonateur superposé permet d'élargir la bande passante. Ces couplages entraînent une grande largeur de bande, supérieure à 40% de bande passante entre 10 et 15 GHz ( bande d'émission et de réception des satellites embarqués ) à un R.O.S. inférieur à 1,9. Pour une largeur de bande passante de 10,7 à 12,75 GHz ( bande d'émission des satellites .) , le R.O.S. est inférieur à 1,2. Aucune radiation à partir de la ligne de transmission microruban ou triplaque ne peut interférer avec le mode de radiation principal puisqu'un plan de masse sépare les deux mécanismes. Ceci confère au dispositif une grande pureté de polarisation linéaire ( horizontale/ verticale ) et circulaire. La configuration est bien adaptée à des systèmes monolithiques, où les éléments actifs peuvent être intégrés, par exemple sur un substrat de gallium-arsenic contenant la ligne de transmission, et les éléments radiaux peuvent être localisés sur un substrat adjacent de faible constante diélectrique et couplés aux lignes de transmission à travers des ouvertures dans le plan de masse séparant les deux substrats.Each slot couples with a resonator located above it. A second superimposed resonator makes it possible to widen the bandwidth. These couplings result in a large bandwidth, greater than 40% of bandwidth between 10 and 15 GHz (transmission and reception band of on-board satellites) at an R.O.S. less than 1.9. For a bandwidth of 10.7 to 12.75 GHz (satellite transmission band), the R.O.S. is less than 1.2. No radiation from the microstrip or triplate transmission line can interfere with the main radiation mode since a ground plane separates the two mechanisms. This gives the device a high purity of linear (horizontal / vertical) and circular polarization. The configuration is well suited to monolithic systems, where the active elements can be integrated, for example on a gallium-arsenic substrate containing the transmission line, and the radial elements can be located on an adjacent substrate of low dielectric constant and coupled to transmission lines through openings in the ground plane separating the two substrates.
Cette nouvelle méthode d'excitation d'une antenne imprimée n'exige aucune connexion directe entre l'antenne et les éléments de transmission. Le couplage à la ligne microstrip s'effectue par une petite ouverture localisée sous le « patch » dans le plan de masse et dont la forme est généralement celle d'un « stub » ouvert L'absence de connexion directe évite les problèmes posés pa les grandes réactances dues aux connexions d'entrée ( self ) ,o par les largeurs importantes de microruban relatives à la taill du « patch », lesquelles sont critiques aux fréquence millimétriques.This new method of excitation of a printed antenna requires no direct connection between the antenna and the transmission elements. The coupling to the microstrip line is made by a small opening located under the "patch" in the ground plane and whose shape is generally that of an open "stub" The absence of a direct connection avoids the problems posed by the large reactances due to the input connections (self), o by the large widths of microstrip relative to the size of the "patch", which are critical at millimeter frequencies.
De plus, cette absence de connexion directe, permet d choisir le polypropylène, substrat qui évite tout problème d surfusion rencontré à la soudure d'un dépôt d'étain-plomb e surface, et dont le coût est cinq fois moindre que celui d téflon.In addition, this absence of direct connection makes it possible to choose polypropylene, a substrate which avoids any problem of supercooling encountered when soldering a tin-lead deposit on the surface, and the cost of which is five times less than that of teflon. .
Cette structure compacte due à la miniaturisation de éléments, notamment des « stups » et des fentes, nécessaire pou s'adapter au « patch », et la géométrie des fentes de couplag entraînent une excellente isolation entre les deux voies horizontale et verticale, inférieure à - 30 dB.This compact structure due to the miniaturization of elements, in particular “stups” and slots, necessary to adapt to the “patch”, and the geometry of the coupling slots result in excellent insulation between the two horizontal and vertical channels, less than - 30 dB.
Les dimensions du dispositif sont : épaisseur d'environ 5 c selon le convertisseur intégré utilisé, hauteur de 20 cm e largeur de 20 ou 30 cm selon la puissance ( forte ou faible ) d satellite. Le poids du dispositif et son encombrement sont réduits d fait de ses dimensions.The dimensions of the device are: thickness of approximately 5 c depending on the integrated converter used, height of 20 cm and width of 20 or 30 cm depending on the power (strong or weak) of the satellite. The weight of the device and its bulk are reduced due to its dimensions.
Les matériaux utilisés sont peu coûteux..The materials used are inexpensive.
La structure du dispositif est évolutive; en effet l diagramme de rayonnement peut être modifié à volonté en agissan sur le déphasage ou l'amplitudeThe structure of the device is evolving; indeed the radiation diagram can be modified at will by acting on the phase shift or the amplitude
La figure 1 représente une vue de dessus d'un mode d réalisation préférentiel d'une antenne selon l'inventionFigure 1 shows a top view of a preferred embodiment of an antenna according to the invention
La figure 2 représente une vue en coupe de l'antenn précédente présentée à la figure 1. Les figures 3 et 4 représentent la courbe de variation d rapport d'onde stationnaire ( R.O.S.) en fonction de l fréquence, respectivement pour la première et la seconde voie d transmission d'une antenne telle que celle présentée sur le figures 1 et 2. La figure 5 représente la courbe de variation, en fonctio de la fréquence, du découplage entre les deux voies d transmission d'une antenne telle que celle présentée sur le figures 1 et 2. Les bandes de fréquence des courbes représentées sur les figures 3, 4 et 5 correspondent aux fréquences d'émission des satellites, c'est à dire à des valeurs comprises entre 10,7 et 12,75 GHz. Les figures 6 et 7 représentent la courbe de variation du rapport d'onde stationnaire ( R.O.S.) en fonction de la fréquence, respectivement pour la première et la seconde voie de transmission d'une antenne telle que celle présentée sur les figures 1 et 2. Les bandes de fréquence des courbes représentées sur ces figures correspondent aux fréquences d'émission et de réception des satellites embarqués, c'est à dire à des valeurs comprises entre 10,7 et 14,5 GHz.FIG. 2 represents a sectional view of the previous antenna presented in FIG. 1. FIGS. 3 and 4 represent the variation curve of stationary wave ratio (ROS) as a function of frequency, respectively for the first and the second transmission channel of an antenna such as that presented in FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 5 represents the variation curve, as a function of frequency, of the decoupling between the two transmission channels of an antenna such as that presented in Figures 1 and 2. The frequency bands of the curves represented in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 correspond to the emission frequencies of the satellites, that is to say values between 10.7 and 12.75 GHz. FIGS. 6 and 7 represent the curve of variation of the standing wave ratio (ROS) as a function of the frequency, respectively for the first and the second transmission channel of an antenna such as that presented in FIGS. 1 and 2. The frequency bands of the curves represented in these figures correspond to the transmission and reception frequencies of the on-board satellites, that is to say values between 10.7 and 14.5 GHz.
En référence à ces figures données en annexe, la description suivante permettra de mieux comprendre les caractéristiques du dispositif et ses avantages.With reference to these figures given in the appendix, the following description will allow a better understanding of the characteristics of the device and its advantages.
Le dispositif comprend deux lignes d'alimentation 5a et 5b orthogonales, mais ne se croisant pas, situées dans un même plan 5 sous les éléments rayonnants superposés 10 et 11, et pouvant engendrer des ondes polarisées linéairement ( horizontalement et verticalement ) indépendantes, ou deux ondes polarisées circulairement opposées.The device comprises two supply lines 5a and 5b orthogonal, but not intersecting, located in the same plane 5 under the superposed radiating elements 10 and 11, and capable of generating waves linearly polarized (horizontally and vertically) independent, or two circularly opposite polarized waves.
Chaque ligne 5a ou 5b, microruban ou triplaque, en général radiale, alimente une fente 3a ou 3b par couplage électromagnétique. Ces lignes conductrices 5a et 5b sont déposées orthogonale ent sur un substrat 6 diélectrique selon la technique classique des circuits imprimés. Elles ne se croisent pas et sont donc totalement indépendantes l'une de l'autre.Each line 5a or 5b, microstrip or triplate, generally radial, feeds a slot 3a or 3b by electromagnetic coupling. These conductive lines 5a and 5b are deposited orthogonal to a dielectric substrate 6 according to the conventional technique of printed circuits. They do not intersect and are therefore completely independent of each other.
Les fentes 3a et 3b, bien séparées l'une de l'autre grâce à leur géométrie trapézoïdale, sont gravées sur le même substrat 6 dans le plan de masse 4 opposé au plan conducteur 5.The slots 3a and 3b, well separated from each other thanks to their trapezoidal geometry, are etched on the same substrate 6 in the ground plane 4 opposite to the conductive plane 5.
L'appartenance des lignes 5a et 5b et des fentes 3a et 3b au même substrat 6 permet de simplifier la construction du dispositif et de diminuer son épaisseur. En général, chaque ligne d'alimentation s'étend en circuit ouvert au-delà de la fente d'une longueur de λ/4, λ étant la longueur d'onde dans les dites lignes d'excitation. De même la fente s'étend de part et d'autre de la ligne de la même longueur λ/4. Dans l'invention, du fait que les lignes 5a et 5b ne croisent pas et sont donc indépendantes, chaque ligne s'étend delà de chaque fente d'une longueur inférieure à λ/4. Les lign se terminent en circuit ouvert. De même, les fentes 3a et 3b s'étendent perpendiculaireme de part et d'autre des lignes 5a et 5b d'une valeur inférieure la longueur classique de λ/4. En outre, elles sont indépendant l'une de l'autre grâce à leur forme trapézoïdale apparaissa sur la figure 1. Ces caractéristiques de l'invention, concernant disposition et la dimension des lignes et des fentes d'une par la forme géométrique des fentes d'autre part, permettent un b découplage.The fact that the lines 5a and 5b and the slots 3a and 3b belong to the same substrate 6 makes it possible to simplify the construction of the device and to reduce its thickness. In general, each supply line extends in open circuit beyond the slot with a length of λ / 4, λ being the wavelength in said excitation lines. Similarly, the slot extends on either side of the line of the same length λ / 4. In the invention, because the lines 5a and 5b do not cross and are therefore independent, each line extends beyond each slot with a length less than λ / 4. The lines end in open circuit. Likewise, the slots 3a and 3b extend perpendicularly on either side of the lines 5a and 5b by a value less than the conventional length of λ / 4. In addition, they are independent of one another thanks to their trapezoidal shape appeared in FIG. 1. These characteristics of the invention, relating to the arrangement and the dimension of the lines and of the slots of one by the geometric shape of the slots on the other hand, allow a decoupling b.
Chaque fente 3a ou 3b se couple avec un résonateur 10 sit au dessus d'elle. Un deuxième résonateur 11 superposé au premi permet d'élargir la bande passante.Each slot 3a or 3b couples with a resonator 10 located above it. A second resonator 11 superimposed on the premi makes it possible to widen the bandwidth.
Les plans des éléments rayonnants 10 et 11 sont parallèl au plan de masse 4. Le centre de chaque résonateur 10 et 11 le centre de résonance des fentes 3a et 3b sont alignés sur u droite orthogonale aux plans des éléments rayonnants 10 et 11 au plan de masse 4. Cet alignement des centres des deux élémen rayonnants avec le centre de résonance des fentes perm d'éliminer le dépointage du faisceau. Ainsi les élémen rayonnants participent tous deux à la génération de deux ond hyperfréquence à polarisations distinctes. Selon l'invention, est possible de diminuer la taille du premier élément rayonna afin d'augmenter le découplage fréquentiel entre les deux voies.The planes of the radiating elements 10 and 11 are parallel to the ground plane 4. The center of each resonator 10 and 11 the center of resonance of the slots 3a and 3b are aligned on the right orthogonal to the planes of the radiating elements 10 and 11 to the plane of mass 4. This alignment of the centers of the two radiating elements with the resonance center of the slots makes it possible to eliminate the deflection of the beam. Thus the radiating elements both participate in the generation of two microwave waves with distinct polarizations. According to the invention, it is possible to reduce the size of the first radiated element in order to increase the frequency decoupling between the two channels.
La figure 3 représente la courbe de variation du R.O.S. fonction de la fréquence pour la première ligne de transmissi 5a. La bande de fréquence se situe entre 10,55 et 13,6 GH L'atténuation de cette bande correspond à un R.O.S. inférieur égal à 1,3. Pour cette largeur de bande Δf de 3,05 GHz, fréquence centrale fc est 12,07 GHz;.ce qui donne un pourcenta Δf/ fc égal à 25%. La figure 4 représente la courbe de variation du R.O.S. fonction de la fréquence pour la deuxième ligne de transmissi 5b. La bande de fréquence se situe entre 10,7 et 13,8 GH L'atténuation de cette bande correspond à un R.O.S. inférieur égal à 1,3. Pour cette largeur de bande Δf de 3,1 GHz, la fréquence centrale fc est 12,25 GHz;.ce qui donne un pourcentage Δf/ fc égal à environ 25%.FIG. 3 represents the variation curve of the ROS as a function of the frequency for the first transmission line 5a. The frequency band is between 10.55 and 13.6 GH. The attenuation of this band corresponds to a ROS lower than 1.3. For this bandwidth Δf of 3.05 GHz, central frequency f c is 12.07 GHz;. Which gives a percentage Δf / f c equal to 25%. FIG. 4 represents the curve of variation of the ROS as a function of the frequency for the second transmission line 5b. The frequency band is between 10.7 and 13.8 GH The attenuation of this band corresponds to a lower ROS equal to 1.3. For this 3.1 GHz bandwidth Δf, the center frequency f c is 12.25 GHz;. Which gives a percentage Δf / f c equal to about 25%.
Dans la bande de réception des satellites, entre 10,7 et 12,75 GHz, comme le montrent les figures 3 et 4, le R.O.S. est inférieur ou égal à 1,2. Dans cette même bande de fréquence le découplage est inférieur ou égal à - 25 dB, comme le montre la figure 5. Ce bon découplage est dû aux caractéristiques de l'invention : -disposition et dimension des lignes de transmission 5a et 5b, et des fentes 3a et 3b,In the satellite reception band, between 10.7 and 12.75 GHz, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the R.O.S. is less than or equal to 1.2. In this same frequency band the decoupling is less than or equal to - 25 dB, as shown in FIG. 5. This good decoupling is due to the characteristics of the invention: arrangement and dimension of the transmission lines 5a and 5b, and of the slots 3a and 3b,
-forme géométrique des fentes,- geometric shape of the slots,
-diminution de la taille du premier élément rayonnant 10. Les figures 6 et 7 représentent la courbe de variation du R.O.S. en fonction de la fréquence pour respectivement la première et la seconde ligne de transmission. La bande passante de fréquence se situe entre 10 et 15 GHz. Le pourcentage correspondant est 40%. Le R.O.S.est inférieur à 1,9. Ces résultats remarquables sont obtenus en changeant les dimensions du deuxième élément de rayonnement et, l'épaisseur et la nature des diélectriques 7 et 8. Ce dispositif peut alors être utilisé pour l'émission et la réception des satellites embarqués. Jusqu'à présent, aucune antenne n'a permis d'obtenir une si grande largeur de bande passante.reduction of the size of the first radiating element 10. FIGS. 6 and 7 show the variation curve of the R.O.S. as a function of frequency for the first and second transmission lines, respectively. The frequency bandwidth is between 10 and 15 GHz. The corresponding percentage is 40%. The R.O.S. is less than 1.9. These remarkable results are obtained by changing the dimensions of the second radiation element and, the thickness and the nature of the dielectrics 7 and 8. This device can then be used for the transmission and reception of onboard satellites. Until now, no antenna has made it possible to obtain such a large bandwidth.
Le dispositif décrit précédemment génère deux ondes orthogonales polarisées linéairement ( horizontale et verticale ), indépendantes l'une de l'autre.The device described above generates two orthogonal waves linearly polarized (horizontal and vertical), independent of each other.
En associant un coupleur hybride de 90° au dispositif précédent, il est possible de générer une ou deux ondes de polarisation circulaire, tout en conservant la symétrie du système.By associating a 90 ° hybrid coupler with the previous device, it is possible to generate one or two circularly polarized waves, while maintaining the symmetry of the system.
La structure du dispositif est en effet évolutive et le diagramme de rayonnement peut être modifié à volonté en agissant sur le déphasage et l'amplitude.The structure of the device is indeed evolving and the radiation diagram can be modified at will by acting on the phase shift and the amplitude.
Par exemple, l'application de plusieurs déphaseurs permet de concevoir une antenne active de poursuite ou de surveillance. Le dispositif selon l'invention est plus particulièremen destinéFor example, the application of several phase shifters makes it possible to design an active tracking or monitoring antenna. The device according to the invention is more particularly intended
-à la réception des satellites car cette antenne peu couvrir à elle seule tous les canaux de 10,7 à 12,75 GHz-on reception of satellites because this antenna can cover all the channels from 10.7 to 12.75 GHz by itself
-à l'émission et à la réception des satellite embarqués du fait de la très grande largeur de bande de cett antenne, de 10,7 à 14,5 GHz. -on transmission and reception of on-board satellites due to the very large bandwidth of this antenna, from 10.7 to 14.5 GHz.

Claims

RevendicationsClaims
1) Antenne plaquée miniaturisée dont au moins un élément rayonnant (10) engendre deux ondes polarisées orthogonales indépendantes.1) Miniaturized plated antenna of which at least one radiating element (10) generates two independent orthogonal polarized waves.
Chaque élément rayonnant (10, 11) est alimenté par deux lignes d'excitation (5a, 5b) orthogonales, situées dans un même plan (5) et indépendantes l'une de l'autre, à travers deux fentes (3a, 3b) ,orthogonales entre elles, perpendiculaires aux lignes, gravées dans un plan de masse (4) et séparées l'une de 1'autre.Each radiating element (10, 11) is supplied by two excitation lines (5a, 5b) orthogonal, located in the same plane (5) and independent of each other, through two slots (3a, 3b) , orthogonal to each other, perpendicular to the lines, etched in a ground plane (4) and separated from each other.
Les lignes d'alimentation (5a, 5b) sont des lignes microruban ou triplaque, elles se terminent en circuit ouvert, elles ne se croisent pas et elles s'étendent au-delà des fentes (3a, 3b) d'une longueur inférieure à λ/4 (λ étant la longueur d'onde dans les dites lignes ).The supply lines (5a, 5b) are microstrip or three-ply lines, they end in open circuit, they do not cross and they extend beyond the slots (3a, 3b) of a length less than λ / 4 (λ being the wavelength in said lines).
Les fentes (3a, 3b) sont de forme trapézoïdale grâce à quoi elles sont bien séparées l'une de l'autre et elles se prolongent perpendiculairement de part et d'autre des lignes d'alimentation (5a, 5b) d'une longueur inférieure à λ/4.The slots (3a, 3b) are trapezoidal in shape thanks to which they are well separated from each other and they extend perpendicularly on either side of the supply lines (5a, 5b) of a length less than λ / 4.
2) Antenne selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que les éléments rayonnants (10, 11) sont de forme carrée, qu'ils sont situés dans des plans parallèles au plan de masse (4) et qu'ils sont séparés par des diélectriques (7, 8) d'épaisseur et de nature variable.2) Antenna according to claim 1 characterized in that the radiating elements (10, 11) are square in shape, that they are located in planes parallel to the ground plane (4) and that they are separated by dielectrics ( 7, 8) of variable thickness and nature.
3) Antenne selon les revendications 1 et 2 caractérisée en ce que le centre de chaque résonateur (10, 11) et le centre de résonance des fentes (3a, 3b) sont alignés sur une droite perpendiculaire aux plans des dits résonateurs et du substrat (6) contenant le plan de masse (4) .3) Antenna according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the center of each resonator (10, 11) and the resonance center of the slots (3a, 3b) are aligned on a line perpendicular to the planes of said resonators and of the substrate ( 6) containing the ground plane (4).
4) Antenne selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que le plan conducteur (5) commun aux lignes d'alimentation (5a, 5b) et le plan de masse (4) où sont gravées les fentes (3a, 3b) appartiennent au même substrat diélectrique (6) . 5) Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que le premier élément rayonnant (10) est de dimension inférieure à celle des éléments rayonnants classiques. 6) Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendication précédentes caractérisée en ce que les fentes sont de dimensio et de géométrie identiques.4) Antenna according to claim 1 characterized in that the conductive plane (5) common to the supply lines (5a, 5b) and the ground plane (4) where the slots (3a, 3b) are engraved belong to the same substrate dielectric (6). 5) Antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first radiating element (10) is of smaller dimension than that of the conventional radiating elements. 6) Antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slots are of identical size and geometry.
7) Dispositif d'émission et/ou de réception constitué d'a moins une antenne selon les revendications de 1 à 6. 7) Transmission and / or reception device consisting of at least one antenna according to claims 1 to 6.
PCT/FR1995/001151 1994-09-09 1995-09-08 Very large band, double polarisation, miniature planar antenna WO1996008055A1 (en)

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FR9410780A FR2724491B1 (en) 1994-09-09 1994-09-09 MINIATURIZED, DOUBLE-POLARIZED, VERY WIDE BAND PLATED ANTENNA
FR94/10780 1994-09-09

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US6531984B1 (en) 1999-10-29 2003-03-11 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Dual-polarized antenna
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998015030A1 (en) * 1996-09-30 1998-04-09 Italtel S.P.A. Microstrip antenna with control of the direction of the axis of maximum radiation
US6531984B1 (en) 1999-10-29 2003-03-11 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Dual-polarized antenna
GB2556032A (en) * 2016-09-27 2018-05-23 Zoneart Networks Ltd Antenna array
WO2023216217A1 (en) * 2022-05-13 2023-11-16 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 Antenna and electronic device
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FR2724491A1 (en) 1996-03-15

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