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WO1995019472A1 - Structure de plate-forme - Google Patents

Structure de plate-forme Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995019472A1
WO1995019472A1 PCT/NO1995/000013 NO9500013W WO9519472A1 WO 1995019472 A1 WO1995019472 A1 WO 1995019472A1 NO 9500013 W NO9500013 W NO 9500013W WO 9519472 A1 WO9519472 A1 WO 9519472A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
platform
deck
frame
legs
leg sections
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO1995/000013
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kurt Egil Gramstad
Original Assignee
Kurt Egil Gramstad
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kurt Egil Gramstad filed Critical Kurt Egil Gramstad
Priority to AU15465/95A priority Critical patent/AU1546595A/en
Publication of WO1995019472A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995019472A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/04—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction
    • E02B17/08—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering
    • E02B17/0818—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering with racks actuated by pinions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/021—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto with relative movement between supporting construction and platform
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/006—Platforms with supporting legs with lattice style supporting legs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/0069—Gravity structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/0073—Details of sea bottom engaging footing
    • E02B2017/0086—Large footings connecting several legs or serving as a reservoir for the storage of oil or gas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for building an offshore platform having fixed legs. Likewise, the invention relates to an offshore platform having fixed legs, built up in accordance with the method.
  • Such offshore platforms having fixed legs are of a type resting on the seabed, and wherein the substructure in steel or concrete comprises storage tanks or a base structure only.
  • Platforms of the type with which the invention is concerned may be jackup platforms, where the legs during operations stand on the seabed, the platform deck being jacked up, extending freely above the sea surface, such that the deck and rig equipment carried by the same are spared from participating in heavy sea way.
  • the building of the concrete substructure for such platforms is started in dock. If the platform concerned is build for a sea depth of e.g. 200 metres, the dock phase is very limited, the partly finished substructure having to be towed out in the nearest fjord having a depth of minimum 200 metres, where the casting work is continued until full substructure height has been reached.
  • the platform deck is built in a shipyard, thereafter placed on barges and transported to the interconnection place. Prior to the interconnection, the concrete substructure is lowered down to a position a few metres above the sea surface, whereafter the deck is towed into position above the concrete substructure. Thereafter, platform mounting is carried out. The deck is released from the barges, and the entire structure is lifted about 30-40 metres above the sea surface. Thereafter, the whole platform is ready for towing to the field. Building time approximate 3-4 years.
  • a disadvantage of conventional way of building for offshore platforms of the kind concerned is the very long building time. Other disadvantages consist in the expensive production methods. Also, the structures become very expensive. This is due to the shaft holding the deck. The shaft is shaped and dimensioned such that it withstands high pressures at large depths. The shaft must have a significant buoyancy in order to contribute to the combined buoyancy, such that the platform is capable of being transported to the field. Within the shaft, there is empty space for installing some equipment which, however, without disadvatages is mountable on the outside.
  • the present invention is based on the idea that the building time for offshore platforms having fixed legs may be reduced very substantially if one builds the substructure in dock and the deck on top of the same, whereafter the interconnected structure is floated to the field for installation on the seabed.
  • the legs comprise jointable length sections, which are jointed together from above, from the deck, as soon as the platform comprising deck and substructure (minus legs) has arrived at the field.
  • the building of the substructure may start with the basis in a steel shirt, on top of which the bottom section is built in the form of domes, whereafter storage tanks are built to a finished state on top of lower domes.
  • the platform structure may comprise a frame base.
  • Storage tanks as well as frame base may be shaped such that they exhibit a substantial buoyancy, so that the tank assembly and the frame base individually will float through a buoyancy of their own.
  • the platform leg sections may consist of concrete or steel. In the first case it is advantageous to start the pre- fabrication of the leg sections when the deck mounting is started in dock.
  • the length sections of the legs may possibly be pre-stored and used as standard modules.
  • Taller substructures need normally a stiffening approximately in the mid-region of the height.
  • Such stiffening- or interconnection frames are known per se. This interconnection frame in steel or concrete are placed on top of storage tanks (according to first alternative) or base frame (according to second alternative) prior to the start of the building of the deck frame.
  • a parallelepipedon-shaped hollow body with or without bottom represents an advantageous embodiment which, through suitable height extent, will give a sufficiently large buoyancy in order to make the deck frame floating and, additionally, possibly would be capable of carrying mounted rig equipment (e.g. derrick, cranes, etc., and, possibly, unjointed leg sections) .
  • the deck frame would be capable of receiving extra buoyancy from the underlying subsection/substructure component(s) in the form of storage tanks/base frame or from provisional buoyancy bodies.
  • the hitherto partial platform structure built in dock must collectively have a sufficient buoyancy to be floating when having rig equipment mounted thereon and, preferably, transporting with it the necessary number of platform leg sections, so that the partial platform section in this condition may be towed to the place of use at the field.
  • the deck frame which, preferably, on all sides is covered by means of steel plates, is, according to the invention, formed with a number of vertically through-going guidance channels, the number and positioning thereof corresponding to number and positioning of platform legs subsequently mounted.
  • said vertically through-going guidance channels are distributed such that three appear in the longitudinal direction of the deck frame and two in the width direction thereof.
  • First leg sections are inserted from above into the vertically through-going guidance channels in the deck frame and anchored to the top of adjacent storage tanks, respectively to the top of adjacent portions of base frame.
  • the partial platform structure is self- floating and suitable to be towed out to the field. (Possibly to adjacent fjord to be completed.) Therefore, the partial platform structure leaves the dock now.
  • the buoyancy is, preferably, secured by means of the deck frame and, possibly, storage tanks/base frame (hollow base frame - later to be filled with water) . If the deck frame is provided with an open bottom, air may, if desired, be supplied so that the deck frame is air-filled at all times.
  • the necessary number of leg sections are supplied from above through the vertically through-going channels of the deck frame, successively jointing them to the top ends of already anchored leg sections.
  • anchoring of the lower ends of the legs is effected.
  • the deck frame may be lifted e.g. 30 metres above the sea surface in a manner known per se, so that it does not have to participate in heavy seaway (confer jackup platforms) .
  • the legs/leg sections may be made in concrete or steel. They may e.g. have a trellis work structure.
  • the mutual jointing of the leg sections may be effected by means of any suitable interconnecting/coupling means, by preference non-permanent means, in order to adapt the platform to a possible subsequent removal.
  • an offshore platform having fixed legs in opposition to platforms kept in place by means of tension legs, respectively floating platforms attached to the seabed by means of vertical, biased chains or the like
  • tension legs respectively floating platforms attached to the seabed by means of vertical, biased chains or the like
  • the legs may now be built to a half-finished condition (without the socalled fjord phase) and towed out to the field, where the legs are installed sectionwise.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a floating dock, in which is disposed a steel shirt to be included in the bottom section of a platform structure, in the form of one substructure component;
  • FIG. 1 corresponds to figure 1, but here the bottom section is supplemented through the addition of lower domes for storage tanks;
  • FIG. 3 corresponds to figure 2, but here the storage tanks are assembled
  • Figure 4 corresponds to figure 3, but here an interconnecting frame is placed on the top of the storage tanks;
  • Figure 5 corresponds to figure 4, but here an uncovered deck frame has been laid on top of the interconnecting frame.
  • the deck frame's six vertically through-going guidance pipes for supply of leg sections appear from this figure;
  • Figure 6 corresponds to figure 5, but here the deck frame and its guidance pipes are covered by steel plates, simultaneously as each of the first leg sections are placed in their respective guidance pipe, some rig equipment being mounted on the deck frame;
  • Figure 7 shows a perspective detail view, partly with cut ⁇ away wall portions, of such a vertically through-going guidance pipe, which is assigned gear wheels meshing with vertical, driving/braking (jacking up) toothed bars formed along vertical edge portions of longitudinal leg sections;
  • Figure 8 shows the part platform structure according to figure 6 moved to a field position, first leg sections being lowered in relation to figure 6 and anchored to top storage tanks;
  • Figure 9 corresponds to figure 8, but here second leg sections have been added and coupled from above, in order to be fed through the vertically through-going guidance channels of the deck frame;
  • Figure 10 shows a side elevational view where the platform is resting with the substructure (the storage tanks/legs) on the seabed. This represents a situation where all necessary leg sections have been jointed together from above, the leg sections, additionally to mutual joining, also have been coupled to the interconnecting frame.
  • Figure 11 shows a side elevational view where the deck frame is jacked up such that it occupy a position at a substantial height above the sea surface;
  • Figure 12 shows a perspective view of a platform structure where the storage tanks are replaced by a base frame. Otherwise, the structure according to figure 12 is formed substantially in accordance with the preceeding embodiment.
  • a shaped steel shirt 1 having a vertical wall has - as an initiating phase of a platform building process - been placed in a dock 2.
  • the dock 2 has an ordinary construction. With conventional platform building, such docks have been used during the first step casting of the substructure, whereafter the legs are casted in full height in a following fjord phase, such as explained introductorily. I.a., according to the invention, this fjord phase is to be made redundant.
  • the steel shirt 1 defines a larger number of lower domes 3 from outside, said lower domes 3 being hollow semi-spherical bodies constituting the lower parts of storage tanks 3,3'according to figure 3, of which six, three in the longitudinal direction and two in the lateral direction, have been formed with a plane top.
  • these are denoted with the reference indication 3,3a', i.e. that it is the upper truncated conical part 3a' that distinguishes them from the upper domes 3' of the remaining storage tanks 3,3'.
  • these six storage tanks 3,3a 1 having a plane top are positioned in the area of the platform's six legs which, according to the invention, comprise rigid, jointable sections, as closer described in the following.
  • interconnecting frame On top of the storage tanks 3,3', 3,3a', a horizontal interconnecting frame has been laid.
  • the use of such interconnecting frames is known per se; one, two or more being used according to the length of the platform legs.
  • the interconnecting frame is denoted with the reference numeral 4 and has, in the area of each of the six storage tanks 3,3a' having a plane top, a first guidance sleeve 5, through which the leg sections may pass in a later working operation.
  • the interconnecting frame may consist of steel or concrete.
  • a deck frame 6 has been laid on top of the interconnecting frame 4,5. Because of the trusswork structure of the deck frame 6 and the interconnecting frame 4, the less comprehensive interconnecting frame 4 is more or less hidden below the deck frame 6 in the perspective view of figure 5.
  • the deck frame 6 has six guidance sleeves 7 for the passage of platform leg sections later to be described. Because of the interconnecting frame's 4 corresponding (first) guidance sleeves 5, the guidance sleeves 7 of the deck frame 6 are allotted the term "second" guidance sleeves. Second guidance sleeves 7 are each placed in alignment directly above the plane tops of the storage tanks 3,3a' and the first guidance sleeves 5 of the interconnecting frame 4.
  • the entire deck frame, inclusive second guidance sleeves 7, is externally covered with steel plates.
  • the deck frame 6,7 could have consisted of a steel-reinforced concrete structure.
  • some rig equipment, such as cranes, has been installed on the deck frame 6.
  • the mounting of such rig equipment does not really constitute any part of the present specification, especially not because such installations have a more optional installation time, either in dock or out on the field.
  • Equipment to be used prior to the installation of the platform at the field will, of course, be monted during the deck phase, figure 6.
  • the deck frame 6 is to have such a large buoyancy that it, preferably, will keep itself floating, possibly with rig equipment mounted thereon. Possibly, additional buoyancy from storage tanks is added.
  • a partial platform structure consisting of a deck frame having equipment mounted thereon, storage tanks and an interconnecting frame (one or more) should, preferably, be capable of floating through its own buoyancy during the towing out to the field.
  • such a part platform structure may have a base frame 3b in the form of an endless circumferential frame, such as shown in the perspective view of figure 12.
  • the base frame 3b may be formed as an air-filled hollow body during the towing out to the field, the cavities thereof being adapted to be water- filled subsequently to the anchoring of the platform to the seabed.
  • figure 6 shows the six first platform leg sections 8 brought into position within the associated guidance sleeves 7, resting on top of the storage tanks 3,3a' and attached thereto.
  • Each leg section 8 consists of a lattice structure having four longitudinal, parallel rails 8' interconnected through inclined braces 8 ' • ' , where the leg section has a rectangular/square cross-sectional shape.
  • Cross-sectional shape and design in general may unergo various modifications.
  • the leg sections 8 may be made in steel or in concrete.
  • For their mutually rigid interconnection is chosen the way of intercoupling and the coupling means that are found to be best suited, based on the shape and design of the leg sections themselves. It would be an advantage to use non-permanent connecting means; this with a view of arranging the conditions optimally for a possible removal of the platform structure from the first place of installation to be moved to another place of installation.
  • a longitudinal portion of a platform leg section 8 is shown on a larger scale in figure 7, which represents a perspective partial view, portions being cut away, of a second guidance sleeve and the adjacent part of the upper wall of the deck frame 6.
  • each longitudinal rail 8' is casted two toothed bars 8", the angular distance therebetween being 90°.
  • the toothed bars 8" are meshing with a gear wheel 9 rotatably mounted on the deck by means of bearing blocks 10.
  • the gear wheels 9 are interconnected in pairs by means of shafts 11.
  • the gear wheels 9 are coupled to a drive/brake device (not shown) .
  • This transmission device 8",9,11 may advantageously be used during jacking-up of the platform deck after the substructure has been rigidly installed on the seabed. Such a jacking-up possibility is previously known in connection with platforms of the kind concerned.
  • Figure 7 indicates a jointing possibility for aligned, adjacent platform leg sections 8.
  • the longitudinal rails 8' are formed with a narrower pin portion 8a, which may be formed for insertion into a corresponding sleeve portion (not shown) at the bottom ends of overlying leg sections.
  • the figures of the drawings do show only one possible design of the platform leg sections and it is, thus, not possible to define more general jointing ways or means for any leg section design and shape .
  • the platform leg sections 8 of figure 8 are pushed a distance downwardly and, possibly, rigidly attached to the tops of the underlying storage tanks 3,3a' (or, alternatively, to the base frame 3b in figure 12) , in which condition the partial platform structure (deck frame, the interconnecting frame hidden by the former, as well as the storage tanks/the base frame minus legs) jointly has a sufficient buoyancy to float by means of its own abilities.
  • Figure 8 shows the partial platform structure in a position adapted to subsequent rigid installation on the seabed 12.
  • figure 9 distinguishes itself by the fact that further leg sections have been supplied from above.
  • Each section 8 may extend over one or more squares.
  • the building of the leg length 8 from above involves an advantageous jointing above water.
  • the platform leg sections have been built to a finished length, and the platform substructure has been rigidly anchored on the seabed 12.
  • the interconnecting frame 4 is positioned somewhat closer to the sea surface 13 than to the seabed 12.
  • the platform deck is jacked up 20-30 metres above the sea surface 13.
  • Such a jacking-up is known in connection with platforms of the kind concerned, and may advantageously be effected by means of the toothed bar sections 8" and the driven gear wheels 9 of figure 7.
  • the advantage is that platform deck carrying equipment does not have to participate in seaway.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de construction d'une plate-forme marine ayant des pieds (8) aptes à subir une pression, et pouvant de préférence s'élever automatiquement au-dessus de la surface de la mer lorsque la structure porteuse (3, 3', 3, 3a', 8) prend appui sur le fond de la mer. Afin de permettre la construction dans un chantier (2) d'une structure de plate-forme partielle et d'éviter de couler les pieds de la plate-forme au fond d'un fjord, on construit la structure du pont (6) sur une section inférieure (3, 3', 3, 3a') à laquelle elle est reliée par des segments (8) de pied de plate-forme aptes à être fixés les uns aux autres, dont la longueur correspond à une fraction de la longueur définitive du pied, ladite structure de plate-forme partielle flottante étant remorquée jusqu'au site d'implantation où l'on fixe les uns aux autres les segments de pied (8) de manière à constituer des pieds suffisamment longs pour permettre l'ancrage de la section inférieure (3, 3', 3, 3a') au fond de la mer, la structure porteuse de la structure de plate-forme étant posée sur cette section. En outre, on a prévu une structure de plate-forme marine ayant des pieds (8) aptes à subir une pression, comportant une section inférieure, par exemple sous forme d'une pluralité de réservoirs de stockage (3, 3', 3, 3a'), et un pont (6) adapté de préférence pour s'élever automatiquement, les pieds de la plate-forme étant constitués de sections longitudinales (8) aptes à être fixées les unes aux autres, et le pont (6) étant muni de manchons creux traversants et verticaux (7) permettant le passage desdites sections longitudinales (8) du haut vers le bas lorsqu'on les fixe aux sections sous-jacentes (8) elles-mêmes fixées au pont.
PCT/NO1995/000013 1994-01-17 1995-01-16 Structure de plate-forme WO1995019472A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU15465/95A AU1546595A (en) 1994-01-17 1995-01-16 Platform construction

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO940155A NO940155L (no) 1994-01-17 1994-01-17 Plattformkonstruksjon
NO940155 1994-01-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995019472A1 true WO1995019472A1 (fr) 1995-07-20

Family

ID=19896777

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NO1995/000013 WO1995019472A1 (fr) 1994-01-17 1995-01-16 Structure de plate-forme

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1546595A (fr)
NO (1) NO940155L (fr)
WO (1) WO1995019472A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1004911C2 (nl) * 1996-12-30 1998-07-01 Marine Structure Consul Hefplatform met voorraadtank en werkwijze voor het installeren van een dergelijk hefplatform.
CN1302961C (zh) * 2004-11-18 2007-03-07 上海交通大学 防浪型坐底式浮码头
US8292546B2 (en) 2008-03-26 2012-10-23 Zhirong Wu Liquid storage, loading and offloading system
WO2014044253A1 (fr) * 2012-09-18 2014-03-27 Rolf Rohden Segment de pied extensible pour corps flottant, permettant de soulever des bateaux ou plate-formes, et corps flottant
US10065712B2 (en) 2016-12-21 2018-09-04 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Floating modular protective harbor structure and method of seasonal service extension of offshore vessels in ice-prone environments

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4040265A (en) * 1976-02-06 1977-08-09 Marine Engineering Systems, Inc. Mobile offshore platform
GB1567628A (en) * 1976-12-07 1980-05-21 Foster Wheeler Power Prod Offshoe oil production platforms
US4227831A (en) * 1978-04-04 1980-10-14 Raymond International Builders, Inc. Self-contained offshore platform
US4255069A (en) * 1979-08-01 1981-03-10 The Offshore Company Jack-up platform locking apparatus
US4266887A (en) * 1977-06-10 1981-05-12 Brown & Root, Inc. Self-elevating fixed platform

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4040265A (en) * 1976-02-06 1977-08-09 Marine Engineering Systems, Inc. Mobile offshore platform
GB1567628A (en) * 1976-12-07 1980-05-21 Foster Wheeler Power Prod Offshoe oil production platforms
US4266887A (en) * 1977-06-10 1981-05-12 Brown & Root, Inc. Self-elevating fixed platform
US4227831A (en) * 1978-04-04 1980-10-14 Raymond International Builders, Inc. Self-contained offshore platform
US4255069A (en) * 1979-08-01 1981-03-10 The Offshore Company Jack-up platform locking apparatus

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1004911C2 (nl) * 1996-12-30 1998-07-01 Marine Structure Consul Hefplatform met voorraadtank en werkwijze voor het installeren van een dergelijk hefplatform.
GB2323620B (en) * 1996-12-30 2001-04-18 Marine Structure Consul Jack-up platform with storage tank and method for installing such a jack-up platform
CN1302961C (zh) * 2004-11-18 2007-03-07 上海交通大学 防浪型坐底式浮码头
US8292546B2 (en) 2008-03-26 2012-10-23 Zhirong Wu Liquid storage, loading and offloading system
WO2014044253A1 (fr) * 2012-09-18 2014-03-27 Rolf Rohden Segment de pied extensible pour corps flottant, permettant de soulever des bateaux ou plate-formes, et corps flottant
US10065712B2 (en) 2016-12-21 2018-09-04 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Floating modular protective harbor structure and method of seasonal service extension of offshore vessels in ice-prone environments

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO940155D0 (no) 1994-01-17
NO940155L (no) 1995-07-18
AU1546595A (en) 1995-08-01

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