WO1995015615A1 - Gesteuerter elektronischer schalter - Google Patents
Gesteuerter elektronischer schalter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995015615A1 WO1995015615A1 PCT/HU1994/000057 HU9400057W WO9515615A1 WO 1995015615 A1 WO1995015615 A1 WO 1995015615A1 HU 9400057 W HU9400057 W HU 9400057W WO 9515615 A1 WO9515615 A1 WO 9515615A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- switch
- thyristors
- electronic switch
- thyristor
- control
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010014357 Electric shock Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002070 Raman circular dichroism spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000309466 calf Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004870 electrical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/72—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
- H03K17/081—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
- H03K17/0814—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the output circuit
- H03K17/08144—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the output circuit in thyristor switches
Definitions
- the invention relates to a controlled electronic switch (semiconductor switch with thyristors) for consumers of different powers, which are to be intrinsically safe connected to a network with direct voltage or alternating voltage with one phase line or with several phase lines and which substantially minimizes the transient phenomena which occur during the shutdown.
- a controlled electronic switch semiconductor switch with thyristors
- Thyristors (K ⁇ szaki Könyvkiad ⁇ , Budapest, 1980, p 110) specifies numerous basic circuitry variants for the use of the thyristor as a controllable switching element. In the known circuit arrangements used in
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET DC networks a thyristor with a control circuit (ignition circuit) between the control electrode and the cathode.
- the control signal can be a DC voltage or voltage pulse with a corresponding pulse width for reliable ignition.
- the control signal need not be maintained because the thyristor maintains its switched state even without a control signal. To turn off the switching element one needs to S 'tro circle only to be interrupted.
- Half-wave (180 degrees) or full-wave (360 degrees) solutions have been known for AC networks.
- Half-wave circuits use a thyristor with an ignition circuit between the control electrode and the cathode of the thyristor.
- This arrangement can also be used with full-wave circuits, but only on the condition that a full-wave rectifier is inserted before one thyristor.
- the antiparallel connection of two thyristors can eliminate this disadvantage, but you have to take care of two ignition circuits. You also come with one
- the current electronic switching elements with thyristors have a number of further disadvantages in addition to the fact that they have complicated ignition circuits. These are:
- the required reliability values can only be achieved if the dimensioning of a 0.6
- the elaboration of the invention is based on the results of research work, the subject of which was the exploration of error sources in digital radio-electronic systems.
- the examinations and tests carried out clearly prove that the malfunctions and failures are mainly caused by the impulse disturbances and the transient phenomena which occur when the system elements are commutated.
- the efforts to eliminate these sources of error made it necessary to develop a fundamentally new commutation technology.
- the aim of the invention was to provide such a simple controllable electronic switch which can reliably connect the consumers with different power to direct or alternating voltage networks with a minimal outlay on switching elements.
- the object of the invention is fundamentally achieved by creating a controlled electronic switch which has two thyristors connected in antiparallel, a switch being arranged between the control electrodes of the thyristors.
- a further switch can be provided, which is connected in series with the thyristor pair.
- Thyristor pairs By pressing the third switch you have a simple test option.
- a circuit arrangement can be proposed for switching higher powers, the thyristor pair having one
- FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the controlled electronic switch
- FIG. 2 an electronic switch for use in one
- Fig. 3 an electronic switch for use in one
- Single-phase alternating voltage network ig. 4 shows a second exemplary embodiment for use in a single-phase AC voltage network.
- 5 an electronic switch for switching high powers
- Fig. 6 shows an electronic switch for use in a
- FIG. 7 time diagram to illustrate the function of the electronic switch according to the invention
- FIG. 8 the simplest version of the electronic switch according to the invention
- FIG. 9 the electronic switch according to the invention supplemented with a resistor, FIG Diode,
- FIG. 11 the electronic switch according to the invention supplemented with an LED
- FIG. 12 the electronic switch according to the invention supplemented with resistors and LEDs.
- the electronic switch according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1 in a general application.
- the controllable electronic Schlater consists of two anti-parallel connected thyrisors T1 and T2, between whose control electrodes a switch S1 is arranged.
- a load R L and the switch according to the invention are connected to the direct or alternating voltage network, a second switch S2 being inserted between the load and the electronic switch.
- a further switch S3 is connected in parallel.
- the thyristors Tl and T2 are closed in the position shown of the switches S1 to S3 (all switches open), ie no current flows. To prevent reverse current, switch S2 is opened.
- the thyristors T1 and T2 are switched to the open, conductive state, because that which is present on the control electrodes Potential for ignition is sufficient.
- the switch S3 is located between the one terminal of the voltage source U and the load R L. By closing switch S3, the series connection of switch S2 and the electronic switch (T1, T2, S1) can be bridged or short-circuited.
- the switch 3 increases the operational reliability, excludes the distortion of the sinusoidal voltage at the load, and makes the use of heat sinks on the thyristors superfluous, the dimensions and the dimensions of the switch according to the invention also becoming significantly smaller. Pressing the S3 switch additionally provides a test option in that it can be switched independently of the thyristor switches.
- the mechanical switches S2-S1-S3 are switched through in the order specified.
- the opening takes place in reverse order (S3-S1-S2).
- the thyristors of the controlled electronic switch can also be designed as a module.
- FIGS. 2 to 6 Further applications for the controlled electronic switch according to the invention are shown in FIGS. 2 to 6, the consumer being connected to a direct voltage network or a single-phase or three-phase alternating voltage network.
- the switching time is determined by the selection of the thyristor type and is of the order of about 50 ⁇ s.
- the positive half-waves pass through one thyristor and the negative half-waves through the other thyristor to the consumer.
- the switch S3 is closed, and not less than 100 ⁇ s after the switch S1 is closed.
- the switch S3 bridges the electronic switch, whereby the consumer is directly connected to the network. The consumer is switched off in the reverse order.
- By opening the switch. S3 the short circuit via the electronic switch is removed, but the consumer is still live.
- the switch Sl is opened, is separated whereby the connection between the control electrodes of 'the thyristors Tl and T2.
- the delay after opening the switch S3 is approximately 10 ⁇ s.
- the control voltage is therefore switched off by the thyristors, but the consumer remains under voltage as long as the sinus voltage does not reach the next zero crossing.
- the consumer is switched off from the network at the time of the next zero crossing. In this example, reaching the voltage-free state requires 0 to 10 ms. This corresponds to a half-wave time of the sine voltage with a frequency of 50 Hz. Opening switch S2 prevents the thyristors from flowing back.
- the delay times given above are calculated minimum values. In practice, these times can be any longer, the function of the electronic switch is not affected.
- a special feature of the electronic switch according to the invention is that no galvanic isolation between the thyristor control electrodes and the control elements is required because only micro currents flow in the circuit arrangement according to the invention. Accordingly, the level adjustment of logic control circuits to the control electrodes can be solved by means of Zener diodes.
- the integrated circuits with FET input do not require level adjustment.
- the controlled electronic switch according to the invention can be used in unchanged form for commutating small, medium-high and high power.
- the circuitry described in detail above solves the control problems of thyristors.
- FIG. 3 An example is shown in FIG. 3 where the reverse current is prevented with an additional switch S2. 4 shows an embodiment in which the reverse current of the thyristors is prevented by the use of an additional electronic switch.
- FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which the reverse current of the thyristors is prevented by the use of an additional electronic switch.
- this switch S2 can be omitted when a compensation circuit is used.
- the compensation takes place electronically and the harmful effect on the consumer can thus be prevented.
- This goal is achieved by two electronic switches that are connected to both sides of the consumer. With such an embodiment of the electronic switch according to the invention, the reverse currents flowing in opposite directions cancel each other out. As a result of such compensation, the resulting reverse current is zero. To achieve higher operational safety and lower ones
- the manufacturing cost S1 of the electronic switch in the neutral line N can be omitted or replaced by a short circuit.
- UBSTITUTE SHEET 5 shows an embodiment which can be used particularly advantageously for switching high powers.
- the thyristors Tl and T2 are connected anti-parallel and operated between the control electrodes with a switch S1, as already mentioned in the previous examples, but the electronic switch obtained in this way is between the control electrodes of a further pair of thyristors made of anti-parallel thyristors T3 and T4 for higher powers inserted.
- this switch combination can be supplemented with further switches for preventing reverse current and distortion.
- the individual pairs of thyristors are formed by the thyristors T11-T21, T12-T22, T13-T23 and T14-T24, the switches S11, S12, S13 and S14 are inserted between the control electrodes.
- the thyristor pairs are bridged by switches S15, S16, S17 and S18.
- An electronic switch is used for the individual phase lines R, S, T and for the neutral line N.
- the third problem area can also be solved by the control according to the invention.
- the mutated power increases, the current of the control electrodes increases only slightly and remains below 10 mA.
- the problem of the reliability of the thyristor switch is solved by the elementary simplicity of the proposed circuit arrangement. Even in a complicated case, the electronic switch according to the invention requires only a few components. In addition, the switch S3 takes over the switched power, making cooling of the thyristors unnecessary
- a second problem is the effect of the industrial electrical disturbances in the mains voltage on the data processing systems in the industry, in service provision and in the household.
- pulse disturbances are caused by radio formation when switching on and by arcing when switching off consumers.
- the connection and disconnection of consumers triggers a so-called transient phenomenon in the mains voltage. These interferences cause the radio electronic equipment to malfunction and may lead to destruction.
- the simple switch in the household for example, generates a pulse in the mains voltage when a light bulb is switched on, the amplitude of which is five times as great as that of the Mains voltage.
- the invention also offers an effective solution to this problem by using the electronic switch, which enables spark-free and arc-free switching.
- the electronic switch according to the invention can switch off the consumers without any special measures and without transient processes.
- phase zero and cos-fi reactivity transmitters the transients can also be substantially reduced during the connection.
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET The service life of the contact pairs that form the weak point of the electromagnetic contactors, relays, etc. is very short. The sparks and arcs created when commutating the consumer cause the contact points to burn or burn off. The low degree of reliability, the short service life, the cumbersome maintenance and the high maintenance and operating costs are essentially determined by this factor.
- Camshaft control elements from omnibuses are for example
- the circuit technology used in the controlled electronic switch also makes it possible to create special switches in which the switching process is triggered by a magnetic field
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET becomes.
- Such commutation elements can generally be used in rooms with a risk of explosion, with high air humidity, and with strong mechanical contamination.
- Such are the mines, oil refineries, chemical plants, etc.
- Overvoltage protection and short-circuit protection can easily be implemented in the mutation devices with controllable electronic switch.
- a control can be created which enables the spark gap of lightning arresters to be replaced by the controlled electronic switch.
- the sensitivity can be triggered by distant or closer thunderstorms.
- Such a solution can e.g. used in derrick, television tower, etc.
- Specially mounted switches and sockets can be used from the controlled electronic switch for applications with an increased risk of electric shock, such as. e.g. 90%s, schools, etc. are manufactured.
- the technical solution variants mentioned only as examples can be varied as required due to the practical requirements.
- the fourth problem is the reduction of the high manufacturing costs.
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET Electronic switches can be manufactured very economically because only a few elements have to be stored and the assembly can be carried out simply by means of a screw connection.
- the dimensions and the dimensions of the controlled electronic switch are considerably smaller than those of the conventional electromagnetic contacts, which means that material savings can be achieved during manufacture (there is no need to use expensive transformer steel and copper).
- the fifth problem is the creation of automatic control systems which can be used to switch off a large number of consumers of different outputs according to any time scheme, with only minimal impulse disturbances and transient processes being caused.
- the control signals previously had to be reshaped twice.
- the logical commands (“0" and "1") were converted into potential commands (24 V or 26 V) and these were then converted into executable power commands. Such control is very complicated and therefore not reliable and very slow.
- the controlled electronic switch can be controlled directly with logic commands, the control can be designed as a local or remote control that commutates the consumer according to any program with minimal with an easily realizable phase, zero, cos-fi transmitter transient symptoms.
- the controlled electronic switch according to the invention can solve any of the problems mentioned in the field of power engineering, electrical engineering, and in the manufacture and operation of radioelectronic and electronic systems.
- the special function of the switch according to the invention enables a number of other problems to be solved which have not hitherto been able to be solved.
- the electronic switch according to the invention can also switch consumers to the network whose performance parameters are in the kilowatt and kiloamper range.
- the reactance of the load does not influence the function of the switch and the thyristors do not require any special cooling.
- This property of the switch according to the invention enables all conventional high-performance electromagnetic commutation devices to be exchanged with the electronic switch according to the invention. This means that the dimensions and the weight of the commutation devices can be reduced to a thousandth, the manufacturing process can be simplified, and furthermore the manufacturing costs can be reduced and the complicated arc quenching chamber and cooling devices become superfluous.
- an essential feature of the switch according to the invention is that it can also be used to switch currents which substantially exceed the nominal values of the thyristors.
- Da ⁇ means that the erfindung ⁇ iliae switch can also work in the I (0 v) and I (T SM) be 9renzten area e ⁇ ie can thus currents are commutated, which account for a multiple of the nominal.
- control types described above can all also be used in applications where large power in the kilovolt and kiloampere range is connected to the network
- control type "key in the key” (FIG. 5)
- the high-power switch being controlled by a switch for low power
- Switching the electronic switch (FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6) can be carried out using any method, and can even be carried out manually, regardless of the commutated power. This is due to the fact that the electrical parameters of the
- Thyristors and the temperature parameters remain unchanged for a few tens of seconds even if the operating parameters of the thyristors used are far below the commutated network parameters.
- a special feature of the controlled electronic switch according to the invention is that the control electrodes of the anti-parallel connected thyristors
- the current in the control circuit is directly proportional to the respective main current, which also flows through the charge, regardless of whether the main current is in mA or in kA can be measured.
- the current of the control circuit always remains in a range that ranges from a few mA to a few hundred mA.
- the "key in the key" circuit can advantageously be used.
- the control circuit of the high-performance switching ters measured voltage equal to the commutated voltage, and the current in the control circuit can be measured in the mA range.
- the current in the control circuit of the low power switch (where a short circuit has been generated) is directly proportional to the current flowing through the load, and in any case remains in a range ranging from a few mA to a few hundred mA.
- control electrodes of the controlled electronic switch are connected to one another via a resistor (FIG. 9) or via a low-power diode (FIG. 10), the current in the control circuit remains constant and does not depend on the load or the changes in load.
- control electrodes of the controlled electronic switch regardless of the power of the commutated network; via an LED (FIG. 11) or via an LED and a series resistor (FIG. 12), the controlled electronic switch continues to perform its function, both of which anti-parallel connected thyristors remain controllable
- LEDs enables a complete control of the function of the switches.
- the commutation device with such controlled electronic switches can be used widely in science, technology, industry and in the home, or even in armaments or space travel.
- the controlled electronic switch according to the invention with the described controls thus meets the requirements for commutating consumers of different types and different powers and enables commutation according to any schedule.
Landscapes
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)
- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Power Conversion In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP7515509A JPH09505961A (ja) | 1993-12-03 | 1994-12-02 | 制御された電子スイッチ |
AU13258/95A AU1325895A (en) | 1993-12-03 | 1994-12-02 | Controlled electronic switch |
EP95904667A EP0732007A1 (de) | 1993-12-03 | 1994-12-02 | Gesteuerter elektronischer schalter |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
HUP9303456 | 1993-12-03 | ||
HU9303456A HU9303456D0 (en) | 1993-12-03 | 1993-12-03 | Controlled electronic switch |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995015615A1 true WO1995015615A1 (de) | 1995-06-08 |
Family
ID=10984215
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/HU1994/000057 WO1995015615A1 (de) | 1993-12-03 | 1994-12-02 | Gesteuerter elektronischer schalter |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0732007A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH09505961A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1138393A (de) |
AU (1) | AU1325895A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2177614A1 (de) |
HU (1) | HU9303456D0 (de) |
IL (1) | IL111855A0 (de) |
MY (1) | MY131913A (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995015615A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA949660B (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3001556A4 (de) * | 2013-05-22 | 2017-03-08 | Huazhong University of Science and Technology | Hybridwandler und windenergieerzeugungssystem |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108512535B (zh) * | 2018-03-29 | 2022-01-18 | 华南理工大学 | 采用正温度系数热敏电阻补偿的可控硅触发电路 |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1285903A (en) * | 1968-11-20 | 1972-08-16 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | A bistable circuit arrangement suitable to be triggered |
DE2230782A1 (de) * | 1972-06-23 | 1974-01-10 | Licentia Gmbh | Halbleiter-wechselstromschuetz |
DE2627057A1 (de) * | 1975-07-15 | 1977-02-10 | Ultra Centrifuge Nederland Nv | Schweisslehre fuer das schweissen von rohren aneinander mit hilfe einer explosiven ladung |
DE2600875A1 (de) * | 1976-01-12 | 1977-07-14 | Rhein Westfael Isolatoren | Elektronischer wechselstrom-leistungsschalter |
US4117359A (en) * | 1974-01-30 | 1978-09-26 | Teldix Gmbh | Bearing and drive structure for spinning turbine |
US4289958A (en) * | 1980-02-07 | 1981-09-15 | Edwin Burgess Limited | System for identifying solid dosage units |
US4302687A (en) * | 1978-04-20 | 1981-11-24 | Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor switch |
DE3210850A1 (de) * | 1981-03-25 | 1982-10-14 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd., Kawasaki, Kanagawa | Zuendschaltung fuer antiparallel geschaltete thyristoren |
US4695741A (en) * | 1984-05-11 | 1987-09-22 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Switchgear |
-
1993
- 1993-12-03 HU HU9303456A patent/HU9303456D0/hu unknown
-
1994
- 1994-12-02 EP EP95904667A patent/EP0732007A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-12-02 WO PCT/HU1994/000057 patent/WO1995015615A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-12-02 AU AU13258/95A patent/AU1325895A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-12-02 CN CN94194570A patent/CN1138393A/zh active Pending
- 1994-12-02 JP JP7515509A patent/JPH09505961A/ja active Pending
- 1994-12-02 IL IL11185594A patent/IL111855A0/xx unknown
- 1994-12-02 CA CA002177614A patent/CA2177614A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-12-02 MY MYPI94003233A patent/MY131913A/en unknown
- 1994-12-05 ZA ZA949660A patent/ZA949660B/xx unknown
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1285903A (en) * | 1968-11-20 | 1972-08-16 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | A bistable circuit arrangement suitable to be triggered |
DE2230782A1 (de) * | 1972-06-23 | 1974-01-10 | Licentia Gmbh | Halbleiter-wechselstromschuetz |
US4117359A (en) * | 1974-01-30 | 1978-09-26 | Teldix Gmbh | Bearing and drive structure for spinning turbine |
DE2627057A1 (de) * | 1975-07-15 | 1977-02-10 | Ultra Centrifuge Nederland Nv | Schweisslehre fuer das schweissen von rohren aneinander mit hilfe einer explosiven ladung |
DE2600875A1 (de) * | 1976-01-12 | 1977-07-14 | Rhein Westfael Isolatoren | Elektronischer wechselstrom-leistungsschalter |
US4302687A (en) * | 1978-04-20 | 1981-11-24 | Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor switch |
US4289958A (en) * | 1980-02-07 | 1981-09-15 | Edwin Burgess Limited | System for identifying solid dosage units |
DE3210850A1 (de) * | 1981-03-25 | 1982-10-14 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd., Kawasaki, Kanagawa | Zuendschaltung fuer antiparallel geschaltete thyristoren |
US4695741A (en) * | 1984-05-11 | 1987-09-22 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Switchgear |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3001556A4 (de) * | 2013-05-22 | 2017-03-08 | Huazhong University of Science and Technology | Hybridwandler und windenergieerzeugungssystem |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU1325895A (en) | 1995-06-19 |
ZA949660B (en) | 1996-01-04 |
EP0732007A1 (de) | 1996-09-18 |
MY131913A (en) | 2007-09-28 |
IL111855A0 (en) | 1994-12-02 |
CA2177614A1 (en) | 1995-06-08 |
JPH09505961A (ja) | 1997-06-10 |
CN1138393A (zh) | 1996-12-18 |
HU9303456D0 (en) | 1994-04-28 |
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