WO1995015289A1

WO1995015289A1 - A refrigerated container

Info

Publication number: WO1995015289A1
Application number: PCT/DK1994/000452
Authority: WO
Inventors: Niels Peter Raun
Original assignee: Mærsk Container Industri A/S
Priority date: 1993-12-02
Filing date: 1994-12-02
Publication date: 1995-06-08
Also published as: EP0730558B1; DK134793D0; AU1106895A; DE69412128T2; DE69412128D1; DK0730558T3; EP0730558A1

Abstract

A double-walled refrigerated container (1) having an inner cladding (2) and an outer cladding (3) of sheet members as well as a load receiving frame comprising upper and lower longitudinal girders (12, 13). The longitudinal girders (12, 13) are made of sheet material which is bent in a smooth, open shape. All joints (9) between the sheet members (6, 7, 8) of the inner cladding are all-welded to provide a completely diffusion-tight, strong and rigid inner shell.

Description

A refrigerated container

The present invention concerns a double-walled refrigerated container having an inner cladding and an outer cladding comprising horizontal and vertical, sub¬ stantially plane sheet members to form the internal and external, respectively, wall, roof and bottom faces of the claddings as well as an intermediate, bonded insulation layer of plastics foam, said sheet members of the outer cladding being attached to the load receiving frame of the container, which comprises upper and lower longitudinal girders as well as upper and lower transverse girders and vertical corner posts at the gables.

Today refrigerated containers of the type mentioned above are widely used for oversea transportation of food pro¬ ducts which must be kept cooled at temperatures within very narrow temperature ranges depending upon the nature of the transported goods. These -may in particular be meat, fruit or vegetables. Therefore,^" strict requirements are made with respect to the tightness and the insulation capacity of the container during use for an extended period of time. Also, it is desired to utilize the trans¬ port volume of the container as well as possible within the given maximum outer dimensions of the container and particularly in view of the insulation capacity, strength and weight of the refrigerated container. These are factors which are of decisive importance for the transport earning capacity when using the refrigerated container in question. It should also be mentioned that the maintenance costs of the refrigerated container should be kept as low as possible.

EP 0 064 712 Bl discloses a refrigerated container of the type mentioned in the opening paragraph comprising an - 2 -

outer cladding of corrugated wall sheets, where the ver¬ tical corrugations of the sheets are terminated inwardly spaced from the sheet rim. The external wall sheets are connected with the upper and lower longitudinal girders and the corner posts by encircling weld seams. As shown in the drawing, the container bottom is supported by under¬ lying, transverse, strong profiles which are connected with the lower longitudinal girders.

WO 88/07485 discloses a refrigerated container having a self-supporting floor structure comprising a plane steel floor sheet, an upper extruded T-floor of aluminium and an intermediate, bonded insulation layer of high density foam, such as polyurethane foam having a density from 80 3 to 90 kg/m . This document exclusively provides teachings for the construction of the floor of the refrigerated container, and thus not for a strong and tight construc¬ tion of the entire refrigerated container as such.

EP 0 348 629 discloses another refrigerated container having a self-supporting bottom structure including a plane bottom sheet, an upper extruded T-floor of aluminium and an intermediate, bonded, foamed insulation layer. As shown in the drawing, the longitudinal girder comprises a stiffening L-profile which is coextensive with the longi¬ tudinal girder and is positioned inside the insulation. Nothing is said about the longitudinal joints between the longitudinal girder and the bottom sheet and the external side sheets, and thus nothing about how to obtain a strength-imparting construction of the entire refrigerated container as such.

In spite of the knowledge of the two last-mentioned docu¬ ments there is today no refrigerated containers in the market which comprise a self-supporting bottom structure having a plane bottom sheet which is free of strong down- wardly extending and transversely extending corrugations which provide the desired strength of the container bottom, or which are free of strong transversely extend¬ ing, underlying I-profiles which have to be welded or riveted to the lower longitudinal girders by time- consuming operations, or refrigerated containers which are free of inner, longitudinal stiffening profiles in the insulation foam at the transition between bottom and side wall. Of course, these downwardly extending corrugations or underlying I-profiles undesirably occupy a not insig¬ nificant part of the internal, effective transport volume of the refrigerated container corresponding to the cor¬ rugations or the height of the profiles, if, other things being equal, the insulation capacity of the container bottom is to be maintained. In the known refrigerated containers the thickness of the insulation layer in the bottom is frequently reduced, however, in order to obtain an inner transport volume in the refrigerated container as effective as possible, but this consequently results in a significantly deteriorated insulation capacity of the con¬ tainer bottom. The use of longitudinal stiffening profiles in the insulation foam results in undesirable "thermal bridges" in the transition between the bottom and the side wall.

Further, it is time-consuming and cumbersome to mount the profiles, in particular because of the subsequent long foaming of the insulation layer in the area around the profiles and in cavities which are formed between the profiles and the sheet members on which the profiles are mounted. Frequently, considerable areas are left unfoamed, causing an additionally diminished insulation capacity.

Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to provide a refrigerated container of the type mentioned in the opening paragraph which has an optimum utilization of the internal effective transport volume of the refri¬ gerated container, and which is simultaneously both diffusion-tight, strong and has an optimum insulation capacity in particular at the bottom and the transition between the bottom and the side walls also after an ex¬ tended period of use.

The double-walled refrigerated container of the present invention is characterized in that the lower longitudinal girders are made of sheet members, which, seen in cross- section, are smoothly, openly bent profiles, such that the thickness of the insulation layer in the transition be¬ tween side wall and bottom substantially corresponds to or is greater than the thickness of the side wall insulation layer, said transition being free of logitudinal parts in the insulation, that all joints between the sheet members of the inner cladding are all-welded to provide a com¬ pletely diffusion-tight, strong and rigid inner shell, and that the sheet members of the outer cladding, which form the bottom face or the sheet members of the lower longitu¬ dinal girders, comprise longitudinal, downwardly extending corrugations which extend close to the joint between said sheet members.

This structure provides a refrigerated container which has a particularly low weight and high insulation capacity as well as a maximum internal, effective transport volume in relation to the known refrigerated containers. The inner cladding and the outer cladding exclusively comprise sheet members, and the container is thus free of substantial protruding parts or profiles which either extend longitu¬ dinally inside the insulation foam, or protrude from the outer side of the container thereby occupying space, and which were necessary in the past to stiffen the container bottom transversely. Further, maximum insulation capacity is maintained at said transitions without thermal bridges. Since all joints with the sheet members of the inner cladding are all-welded the inner cladding will serve as a load receiving, strong and rigid inner shell in use. Both the inner cladding, the outer cladding and the frame parts can thereby be made of lighter materials than known be¬ fore. During use for an extended period of time the inner cladding of the container will still be diffusion-tight, in contrast to the known refrigerated containers in which the inner cladding always comprises sheet members which are riveted or glued together.

The all-welded inner cladding thus ensures that no water vapour diffusion takes place from the outside and into the container goods and from the inside and out into the in- sulation. Similarly, diffusion of the CFC reduced cell gas from the insulation of the container into the container goods is prevented.

The combination of the all-welded inner shell, the smooth- ly bent shape of the lower longitudinal girder and the downwardly extending corrugations surprisingly ensures that the container can be made free of internal longitu¬ dinal profiles extending inside the insulation foam. In other words, there is provided a surprisingly strong and rigid refrigerated container with an optimum insulation capacity, in particular at the bottom and at the transi¬ tions between side wall and bottom.

Expedient embodiments of the refrigerated container of the invention are disclosed in claims 2-10.

The invention will be explained more fully below with reference to the drawing, in which

fig. 1 is a partially sectional view of the refrigerated container of the invention, but on a somewhat incorrectly drawn scale to show the annular insulation layer more clearly,

fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view through a lower part of the container at the transition between bottom and side wall,

fig. 3 is a vertical section through the container gable which comprises the doors,

fig. 4 is a horizontal section through the same.

The double-walled refrigerated container 1 shown in fig. 1 comprises an inner cladding 2 of an aluminium sheet mate- rial and an outer cladding 3 of a steel sheet material.

The refrigerated container 1 moreover comprises an inter¬ mediate, bonded insulation layer 4 of extruded polystyrene foam in the bottom and of polyurethane foam in other parts of the container.

The inner cladding 2 comprises vertical sheet members 5, 6, which form the internal wall faces of the inner cladding, as well as horizontal sheet members 7, which form the internal roof faces. The inner cladding 2 more- over comprises a T-floor 8 of extruded aluminium profiles welded together. All joints between the sheet members 5, 6, 7 of the inner cladding and the T-floor 8 are all- welded to provide a completely diffusion-tight, strong and rigid inner shell.

The outer cladding 3 comprises substantially plane sheet members 9, 10, and 11 of a steel material to form the ex¬ ternal wall, roof and bottom faces. The sheet members may be provided with transverse, slightly downwardly pressed corrrugations 22 extending spaced from the longitudinal sheet edges. The refrigerated container 1 comprises a load receiving frame which comprises mutually welded upper and lower longitudinal girders 12, 13 as well as upper and lower transverse girders 14, 15 and vertical corner posts 16 at the gables. The upper and lower longitudinal girders 12, 13 are formed of sheet members which, seen in cross-sec¬ tion, are evenly and openly bent profiles, such that the thickness of the insulation layer in the transition be¬ tween side wall and bottom and between side wall and roof substantially corresponds to or is greater than the thick¬ ness of the side wall or roof insulation layer 4. A maxi¬ mum insulation capacity is hereby maintained in said transitions without thermal bridges. In the embodiment shown in fig. 2 the lower longitudinal girders 13, seen in cross-section, are in the form of a "soft" L-profile so that the bent shape gives the transition of the outer cladding from vertical to horizontal sheet members the form of an external bevel, which has a considerably damage-limiting function in the handling of the container.

All joints 17 between the sheet members 9, 10, 11 of the outer cladding and the load receiving frame 13, 14, 15, 16 of the container are all-welded to provide a completely diffusion-tight, strong and rigid outer shell. Welding may take place e.g. by resistance or laser welding. However, the joints 17 may also be provided by a combination of gluing and spot welding, the essential thing being that a diffusion-tight, strong and rigid outer shell is provided. Gluing may e.g. be effected with polyurethane glue.

As shown in fig. 2, the lower longitudinal girders 13 com¬ prise a longitudinal, downwardly protruding slight corru¬ gation 18, which extends close to the joint 17 between the longitudinal girder concerned and the bottom sheet 11. The longitudinal corrugation 18 protrudes sufficiently down from the bottom to support the container if it is placed with its bottom directly on the ground, and will simul¬ taneously "push" any small stones away, without the bottom being deformed. The longitudinal corrugation 18 also con¬ tributes to the desired stiffening of the transition be- tween bottom and side wall.

In this embodiment the inner cladding and the outer cladding exclusively comprise sheet members and are sub¬ stantially free of essential protruding parts or profiles which either extend longitudinally inside the insulation foam or protrude from the outer side of the container, including the bottom, in a space-requiring manner. The container will simultaneously be both more rigid and strong and also have a lower weight as well as higher insulation capacity in relation to the known refrigerated containers, and moreover a greater internal transport volume in the refrigerated container will be obtained. The container also has smooth and clean outer and inner faces. The diffusion-tight, strong and rigid outer cladding and inner cladding ensures a long container service life, since the container will not be just as subject to degra¬ dation of the insulation material as the known refrige¬ rated containers, in which most of the sheet members are riveted or glued to the frame.

It should be mentioned that the insulation layer 4 may be formed by plastics foam which have been premanufactured in blocks, which are glued together with the sheet members of the inner cladding 2 and the outher cladding 3, or which are foamed directly between the inner cladding 2 and the outer cladding 3 to fix these. The insulation layer 4 may e.g. comprise extruded polystyrene foam in blocks having a

3 weight of 40 kg/m in the container bottom and poly-

3 urethane foam having a weight of 60 kg/m in the walls and 3 of 50 kg/m in the roof. It should moreover be mentioned that the longitudinal girders may be bent of stainlees steel sheets having a thickness of 3.5 mm, and that the outer sheet members of the outer cladding may be made of stainless steel sheet material having a thickness of 0.7- 2.0 mm. The sheet members of the inner cladding are made of aluminium sheet material having a thickness of 3.5 mm.

At the container gables, e.g. the gable comprising the doors 18, the sheet members 6, 7 and 8 of the inner cladding may be welded to an internal frame 19 of sheet material. The sheet members 9, 10 and 11 in the outer cladding of the container may be welded to an external frame at the gable, said external frame being formed by the welded transverse girders 14, 15 and the vertical corner posts 16. An annular insert of a resilient material 20 may be interposed between the internal frame 19 of sheet material and the external strength-imparting profile frame. The inner cladding and the outer cladding can here¬ by work slightly with respect to each other because of varying temperature influences and coefficients of thermal expansion, without involving any risk of leakages that might reduce the insulation capacity, while obviating galvanic corrosion that may occur at a metalic connection between inner cladding and outer cladding.

The container doors 18 may be provided with an annular, inwardly extending knife or strip 21, which is pressed into a further intermediate insert 20a of rubber or directly into the resilient insert 20 upon closure of the doors 18. This ensures particularly reliable sealing of the doors 18.

Many modifications can be made within the scope of the invention, since e.g. the longitudinal girders may be bent of sheet members which have many different cross-sectional shapes, e.g. an arc shape.

Claims

P a t e n t C l a i m s:

1. A double-walled refrigerated container (1) having an inner cladding (2) and an outer cladding (3) comprising horizontal and vertical, substantially plane sheet members (6, 7, 8; 9, 10, 11) to form the internal and external, respectively, wall, roof and bottom faces of the claddings (2, 3) as well as an intermediate, bonded insulation layer (4) of plastics foam, said sheet members (9, 10, 11) of the outer cladding (3) being attached to the load receiv¬ ing frame of the container (1), which comprises upper and lower longitudinal girders (12, 13) as well as upper and lower transverse girders (14, 15) and vertical corner posts ( 16 ) at the gables, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the lower longitudinal girders (13) are made of sheet members which, seen in cross-section, are smoothly, openly bent profiles, such that the thickness of the insulation layer (4) in the transition between side wall and bottom substantially corresponds to or is greater than the thick¬ ness of the side wall insulation layer (4), said transi¬ tion being free of longitudinal parts in the insulation, that all joints (9) between the sheet members (6, 7, 8) of the inner cladding (2) are all-welded to provide a com- pletely diffusion-tight, strong and rigid inner shell, and that the sheet members (11) of the outer cladding, which form the bottom face or the sheet members (12, 13) of the lower longitudinal girders, comprise longitudinal, down¬ wardly extending corrugations (18) which extend close to the joint (17) between said sheet members.

2. A double-walled refrigerated container according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the bent shape of the longitudinal girders (12, 13) gives the transitions of the outer cladding (3) from vertical to horizontal sheet members (9, 10, 11) the form of an external bevel.

3. A double-walled refrigerated container according to claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the sheet material of the longitudinal girders (12, 13) has a thick¬ ness which is between 2 and 10 times the thickness of the sheet members (9, 10, 11) of the outer cladding.

4. A double-walled refrigerated container according to one or more of claims 1-3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that all joints (17) between the sheet members (9, 10, 11) of the outer cladding and the load receiving frame (12, 13, 14, 15, 16) of the container (1) are all-welded to provide a completely diffusion-tight, strong and rigid outer shell.

5. A double-walled refrigerated container according to claim 3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the sheet material of the longitudinal girders (12, 13) has a thick¬ ness of 3.5 mm, and the sheet members (9, 10, 11) of the cladding have a thickness of between 0.7 and 2.0 mm.

6. A double-walled refrigerated container according to one or more of claims 1-5, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the insulation layer (4) in the container bottom is

₃ formed by polystyrene foam having a weight of 30-50 kg/m and are formed by polyurethane foam having a weight of 40- 3 70 kg/m in other parts of the container.

7. A double-walled refrigerated container according to one or more of claims 1-6, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that all said joints (9, 17) are resistance welded.

8. A double-walled refrigerated container according to one or more of claims 1-7, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the sheet members (9, 10, 11, 12, 13) of the outer cladding are formed by stainless steel sheet material.

9. A double-walled refrigerated container according to one or more of claims 1-8, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the inner cladding is formed by aluminium sheet material.

10. A double-walled refrigerated container according to one or more of claims 1-9, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the longitudinal joints between the internal sheet members (8, 5) of the bottom and the side walls, seen in cross-section, are free of sharp corners and have a smoothly curved transition (fig. 2).