WO1993010865A2 - An improved golf club head - Google Patents
An improved golf club head Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993010865A2 WO1993010865A2 PCT/GB1992/002191 GB9202191W WO9310865A2 WO 1993010865 A2 WO1993010865 A2 WO 1993010865A2 GB 9202191 W GB9202191 W GB 9202191W WO 9310865 A2 WO9310865 A2 WO 9310865A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- head
- insert
- golf club
- striking face
- type golf
- Prior art date
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical class [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021028 berry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B53/00—Golf clubs
- A63B53/04—Heads
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B53/00—Golf clubs
- A63B53/04—Heads
- A63B53/0416—Heads having an impact surface provided by a face insert
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B53/00—Golf clubs
- A63B53/04—Heads
- A63B53/047—Heads iron-type
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2209/00—Characteristics of used materials
- A63B2209/02—Characteristics of used materials with reinforcing fibres, e.g. carbon, polyamide fibres
Definitions
- This invention relates to + • head of a golf club used for striking the golf ball between the teeing ground and the putting green; generally referred to as a "golf club”.
- the principal skill in accurate striking of the golf ball is to correctly contact the ball on that point on the striking face of the club; generally referred to as the "sweet spot”.
- a presently known golf club head is of the common blade shape having an elongated striking face and a thickness of only about half an inch consistent throughout its length. The thickness of said striking face may vary from the top to the bottom or sole of the club head.
- Such a golf club head has the mass, or general overall head weight, evenly distributed over the elongated length of the portion located directly behind the striking face.
- the golf club head with the perimeter weighted cavity back head shape such as that shown in US Patent No.D276644 has a cavity located behind the striking face at that point where the club head is required to make contact with the golf ball.
- the actual mass or head weight is generally located around the rear edge or perimeter of the golf head forming what is generally referred to as a "cavity back" golf club head.
- the cavity back design of golf club head provides a larger sweet spot than would normally be provided in the case of the conventional blade shaped golf club head.
- the thickness of the golf head in the area directly behind the contact point on the striking face where contact is made with the golf ball will be thinner than the striking point of the alternative blade shaped head.
- the solid mass of the head while more widely distributed around the perimemter, will not be directly located behind the sweet spot or contact point on the striking face, thus reducing the distance the ball can be expected to travel
- an iron type golf club has a head being provided with an insert at the striking face of the head, the insert at the striking face of the head being made of a material different to the rest of the head, said rest of the head being metallic, and wherein a cavity is provided in the rear of the head.
- Such an arrangement provides a large sweet spot due to the cavity back design, and also provides for softer contact with the golf ball, thereby giving the golfer a better chance to "work” the golf ball (e.g. impart spin thereto).
- the mass portion of head which is located generally behind the sweet spot area on the striking face may be of any appropriate size or shape without effecting the improved performance of the golf club.
- the mass of the head located around the perimeter of the striking point or sweet spot on the face where it makes contact with the ball.
- the material in the striking face or sweet spot is preferably non-metal and consists of a synthetic or plastic material commonly referred to as a thermoplastic but having included in its make up a system of fibers which provide added strength and hardness according to the kind of epoxy or base resin used in the composite of the non-metal material.
- non-metal materials may be used without deterring from the ambit of the invention.
- the material located in the striking face or sweet spot area may also be of metallic substance or an alloy of any metal material.
- the invention incorporates additional "different" materials in the centre part or sweet spot area of the stri ing face in a manner which is technically simple and comparatively inexpensive.
- the metallic mass of the head may be made from any known metal commonly used in golf club heads, such as stainless steel, aluminium, berry!iurn copper, brass compounds, bronze, zinc and other kinds of metallie compounds.
- the most common form of composite fiber ron head construction is made by what is generally referred to in the golf industry as the compression moulding process.
- the non-metallic portion of the striking face or sweet spot of the present invention is suitably constructed by injection moulding or what is commonly referred to in the golf industry as the injection process.
- One method of accomplishing this new construction is by "casting" a frame or skeleton or an iron head by lost wax or other suitable method and then locate “the casting” in a specially designed “injection mould” and having the thermoplastic "injected” into the striking face area in the conventional injection moulding process manner.
- a thin piece of metall c mater al is situated throughout the length of the striking face in such a way as to provide "a backing" to the injected non-metallic material have specially designed access holes in the backing so as to provide a means for the non-metallic injected material to pass through into the "back cavity” area of the iron head.
- the invention provides an iron head golf club incorporating a material substantially different in make up to the head material and which provides improved performance features over conventional "one material” or solid metal compound iron heads.
- the invention preferably uses the compression moulding method to locate a non-metal or composite fiber material in the central or striking face area of the iron head, and still provide the peripheral weighted head design.
- the invention suitably provides a conventional looking blade type of peripheral weighted head design having a securely located non-metallic material forming the striking face area of the head in such a way as to be an improved method of constructing a golf iron or wood head having two or more separate and distinct materials which are considered to be highly suitable for the purpose and also having technically advantageous features when considering other forms of conventional golf head constructions.
- an iron type golf club has a substantially metallic head being provided with an insert at the stri ing face of the head, the insert at the striking face of the head being made of a metal coated graphite.
- FIG. 1 A cross sectional appearance of an iron in accordance with the invention showing the injection process method utilised is shown in Figure 1, however, other designs of cross section may be used without detracting from the ambit of the invention.
- FIG. 1 A front and rear view of the iron of figure 1 showing the injection process method of construction of an iron head is also shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 respectively.
- the iron golf club head shown in Figures 1 to 3 comprises a main body made of metal, an insert in the striking face made of a material different to the rest of the head, and a further insert in the back of the head, the back of the head being provided with a cavity.
- the insert in the striking face and the insert in the back cavity are made of the same material (such as a metal coated graphite) such that they can be injection moulded together to securely fix the insert in the striking face.
- the major part of the metallic main body of the head is located around the perimeter of the head shape, and the centre portior of the rear of the head has a substantially concave shape.
- the width of the centre portion of the head is less than either the width of the * ⁇ p or bottom parts of the head (as seen in cross section) with or without the front and/or rear inserts.
- the mass of the perimeter is also concentrated at the bottom of the head relative to the top of the head.
- the insert in the striking face and the insert in the back cavity are made of a resin compounded with a metal coated graphite fibre product such as nickle coated graphite, gold coated graphite, bronze coated graphite, platinum coated graphite and copper coated graphite.
- a metal coated graphite fibre product such as nickle coated graphite, gold coated graphite, bronze coated graphite, platinum coated graphite and copper coated graphite.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Golf Clubs (AREA)
Abstract
An iron type golf club having a head being provided with an insert at the striking face of the head, the insert at the striking face of the head made of a material different to the rest of the head, the rest of the head being metallic, and a cavity being provided in the rear of the head.
Description
AN IMPROVED GOLF CLUB HEAD
This invention relates to + • head of a golf club used for striking the golf ball between the teeing ground and the putting green; generally referred to as a "golf club".
The principal skill in accurate striking of the golf ball is to correctly contact the ball on that point on the striking face of the club; generally referred to as the "sweet spot".
A presently known golf club head is of the common blade shape having an elongated striking face and a thickness of only about half an inch consistent throughout its length. The thickness of said striking face may vary from the top to the bottom or sole of the club head.
Such a golf club head has the mass, or general overall head weight, evenly distributed over the elongated length of the portion located directly behind the striking face.
Alternatively, there have been developments in iron golf head technology which have provided peripheral weighting of the head mass by constructing the head in such a way as locating the major part of the head material, usually stainless steel, around the perimeter of the head shape. One such design is shown in US Patent No.D276644.
It has generally been tested and agreed that it is desirable for the club head to strike the ball at the "sweet spot", which is accepted by technologists in the industry as having a larger area if the peripheral weighting head design is used. The design of iron head shown in US Patent No.D276644 is considered to be the most improved design yet devised to provide an iron golf head with an enlarged "sweet
SUBSTITUTE
spot" .
It will be appreciated that considerable skill is required to accurately make contact with the golf ball at the "sweet spot", or centre of the mass of the club head at the forward portion; generally referred to as the "striking face", since the mass, or general overall headweight is spread throughout the length, or back portion of the stri ing face.
The golf club head with the perimeter weighted cavity back head shape such as that shown in US Patent No.D276644 has a cavity located behind the striking face at that point where the club head is required to make contact with the golf ball. In this case, the actual mass or head weight is generally located around the rear edge or perimeter of the golf head forming what is generally referred to as a "cavity back" golf club head.
It will be appreciated that the cavity back design of golf club head provides a larger sweet spot than would normally be provided in the case of the conventional blade shaped golf club head. However, it will be realised that because of the cavity back design, the thickness of the golf head in the area directly behind the contact point on the striking face where contact is made with the golf ball will be thinner than the striking point of the alternative blade shaped head. Consequentl , it will be appreciated that the solid mass of the head, while more widely distributed around the perimemter, will not be directly located behind the sweet spot or contact point on the striking face, thus reducing the distance the ball can be expected to travel
SUB
than if it were struck with a more solid mass.
It is an object of the invention to provide a golf club with a head so designed as to assist the player; generally referred to as the "golfer", to strike the ball at a point on the striking face which has a larger sweet spot and also provides a more solid, or head weight momentum, directly behind the sweet spot or contact point on the striking face.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention an iron type golf club has a head being provided with an insert at the striking face of the head, the insert at the striking face of the head being made of a material different to the rest of the head, said rest of the head being metallic, and wherein a cavity is provided in the rear of the head.
Such an arrangement provides a large sweet spot due to the cavity back design, and also provides for softer contact with the golf ball, thereby giving the golfer a better chance to "work" the golf ball (e.g. impart spin thereto).
The mass portion of head which is located generally behind the sweet spot area on the striking face may be of any appropriate size or shape without effecting the improved performance of the golf club.
The mass of the head located around the perimeter of the striking point or sweet spot on the face where it makes contact with the ball. The material in the striking face or sweet spot is preferably non-metal and consists of a synthetic or plastic material commonly referred to as a thermoplastic but having included in its make up a system of fibers which provide added strength and hardness according to the kind of epoxy or base resin used in the composite of
the non-metal material.
Many different kinds of non-metal materials may be used without deterring from the ambit of the invention.
Also, it will be apparent that the material located in the striking face or sweet spot area may also be of metallic substance or an alloy of any metal material. The invention incorporates additional "different" materials in the centre part or sweet spot area of the stri ing face in a manner which is technically simple and comparatively inexpensive.
It should be realised that the metallic mass of the head may be made from any known metal commonly used in golf club heads, such as stainless steel, aluminium, berry!iurn copper, brass compounds, bronze, zinc and other kinds of metallie compounds.
It is well known that the most common form of composite fiber ron head construction is made by what is generally referred to in the golf industry as the compression moulding process. However, the non-metallic portion of the striking face or sweet spot of the present invention is suitably constructed by injection moulding or what is commonly referred to in the golf industry as the injection process.
One method of accomplishing this new construction is by "casting" a frame or skeleton or an iron head by lost wax or other suitable method and then locate "the casting" in a specially designed "injection mould" and having the thermoplastic "injected" into the striking face area in the conventional injection moulding process manner.
Preferably a thin piece of metall c mater al is situated throughout the length of the striking face in such
a way as to provide "a backing" to the injected non-metallic material have specially designed access holes in the backing so as to provide a means for the non-metallic injected material to pass through into the "back cavity" area of the iron head.
The invention provides an iron head golf club incorporating a material substantially different in make up to the head material and which provides improved performance features over conventional "one material" or solid metal compound iron heads. The invention preferably uses the compression moulding method to locate a non-metal or composite fiber material in the central or striking face area of the iron head, and still provide the peripheral weighted head design.
The invention suitably provides a conventional looking blade type of peripheral weighted head design having a securely located non-metallic material forming the striking face area of the head in such a way as to be an improved method of constructing a golf iron or wood head having two or more separate and distinct materials which are considered to be highly suitable for the purpose and also having technically advantageous features when considering other forms of conventional golf head constructions.
It is to be understood that the substance of the materials used does not detract from the ambit of the invention and a wide range of non-conventional materials, either metallic or non-metallic, may be used by the injection, compression or die-cast process although the most suitable process so far used which is simple to effect and
economically cheaper to produce is by the injection method.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention an iron type golf club has a substantially metallic head being provided with an insert at the stri ing face of the head, the insert at the striking face of the head being made of a metal coated graphite.
A cross sectional appearance of an iron in accordance with the invention showing the injection process method utilised is shown in Figure 1, however, other designs of cross section may be used without detracting from the ambit of the invention.
A front and rear view of the iron of figure 1 showing the injection process method of construction of an iron head is also shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 respectively.
The iron golf club head shown in Figures 1 to 3 comprises a main body made of metal, an insert in the striking face made of a material different to the rest of the head, and a further insert in the back of the head, the back of the head being provided with a cavity.
Suitably the insert in the striking face and the insert in the back cavity are made of the same material (such as a metal coated graphite) such that they can be injection moulded together to securely fix the insert in the striking face.
Preferably the major part of the metallic main body of the head is located around the perimeter of the head shape, and the centre portior of the rear of the head has a substantially concave shape.. In particular, the width of the centre portion of the head is less than either the width of
the * ~p or bottom parts of the head (as seen in cross section) with or without the front and/or rear inserts. The mass of the perimeter is also concentrated at the bottom of the head relative to the top of the head.
As mentioned above, the insert in the striking face and the insert in the back cavity are made of a resin compounded with a metal coated graphite fibre product such as nickle coated graphite, gold coated graphite, bronze coated graphite, platinum coated graphite and copper coated graphite. Such are light yet strong, can be moulded easily into shape, are available in many different colours, and is unaffected by moisture.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
Claims
1. An iron type golf glub having a head being provided with an insert at the striking face of the head, the insert at the striking face of the head being made of a material different to the rest of the head, said rest of the head being metall c, and wherein a cavity is provided in the rear of the head.
2. An iron type golf club as claimed in claim t wherein the insert at the striking face of the head is positioned at the sweet spot of the head.
3. An iron type golf club as claimed in either claim 1 or 2 wherein the insert at the striking face of the head is made of non-metallic material.
4. An iron type golf club as claimed in either 1 or 2 wherein the insert at the striking face of the head is made of a metallic material.
5. An iron type golf club as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the insert at the striking face of the head is securely fixed to said rest of the head.
6. An iron type golf club as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the insert at the striking face of the head is positioned on the horizontal axis containing the centre of mass of the head.
7. An iron type golf club as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the mass of the head is substantially located around the perimeter of the sweet spot.
8. An iron type golf club as claimed in any preceding claim wherein part of said rest of the head is positioned behind the insert at the striking face of the head.
9. An iron type golf club as claimed in any preceding claim wherein an insert is provided in the cavity in the rear of the head.
10. An iron type golf club as claimed in claim 10 wherein the insert in the cavity in the rear of the head is connected to the insert at the striking face of the head.
11. An iron type golf club as claimed in claim 11 wherein the insert in the rear of the head is connected to the insert at the striking face through the part of the said rest of the head positioned behind the insert at the striking face of the head.
12. An iron type golf club as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the head is injection moulded.
13. An iron type golf club as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said rest of the head has a varied thickness.
14. An iron type golf club as claimed in cl am 14 wherein the perimeter of said rest of the head has a thickness greater than the centre portion of said rest of the head.
15. An iron type golf club having a substantially metallic head beingprovided with an insert at the striking face of the head, the insert at the striking face of the head being made of a metal coated graphite.
16. An iron type golf club as claimed in claim 15 wherein a cavity is provided in the rear of the head.
17. An iron type golf club as claimed in claim 16 wherein an insert is provided in the cavity, which insert is also made of a metal coated graphite.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE69233175T DE69233175D1 (en) | 1991-11-26 | 1992-11-26 | IMPROVED GOLF CLUB HEAD |
| EP92923925A EP0616547B1 (en) | 1991-11-26 | 1992-11-26 | An improved golf club head |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPK9666 | 1991-11-26 | ||
| AUPK966691 | 1991-11-26 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1993010865A2 true WO1993010865A2 (en) | 1993-06-10 |
| WO1993010865A3 WO1993010865A3 (en) | 1993-06-24 |
Family
ID=3775837
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB1992/002191 WO1993010865A2 (en) | 1991-11-26 | 1992-11-26 | An improved golf club head |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0616547B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69233175D1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993010865A2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU563951B2 (en) * | 1982-12-28 | 1987-07-30 | Yonex Kabushiki Kaisha | Golf club head |
| US4798383A (en) * | 1985-01-29 | 1989-01-17 | Yamaha Corporation | Golf club head |
| US4792139A (en) * | 1985-09-09 | 1988-12-20 | Yamaha Corporation | Golf club head |
| US4740345A (en) * | 1985-10-22 | 1988-04-26 | Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for producing an iron golf club head |
-
1992
- 1992-11-26 WO PCT/GB1992/002191 patent/WO1993010865A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1992-11-26 DE DE69233175T patent/DE69233175D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-11-26 EP EP92923925A patent/EP0616547B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0616547B1 (en) | 2003-08-27 |
| EP0616547A1 (en) | 1994-09-28 |
| WO1993010865A3 (en) | 1993-06-24 |
| DE69233175D1 (en) | 2003-10-02 |
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