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WO1991018978A1 - COMPOSITION DE XYLANASE-β, SON PROCEDE DE PREPARATION ET SON UTILISATION POUR LA DECOLORATION DE LA CELLULOSE - Google Patents

COMPOSITION DE XYLANASE-β, SON PROCEDE DE PREPARATION ET SON UTILISATION POUR LA DECOLORATION DE LA CELLULOSE Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991018978A1
WO1991018978A1 PCT/FI1991/000183 FI9100183W WO9118978A1 WO 1991018978 A1 WO1991018978 A1 WO 1991018978A1 FI 9100183 W FI9100183 W FI 9100183W WO 9118978 A1 WO9118978 A1 WO 9118978A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cultivation
enzyme
xylan
preparation
fermentation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1991/000183
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Marjaana Rättö
Liisa Viikari
Anne Kantelinen
Matti Linko
Marjatta Ranua
Jorma Sundquist
Original Assignee
Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FI902888A external-priority patent/FI85986C/fi
Application filed by Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus filed Critical Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus
Publication of WO1991018978A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991018978A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Y—ENZYMES
    • C12Y302/00—Hydrolases acting on glycosyl compounds, i.e. glycosylases (3.2)
    • C12Y302/01—Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes hydrolysing O- and S-glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
    • C12Y302/01032—Xylan endo-1,3-beta-xylosidase (3.2.1.32), i.e. endo-1-3-beta-xylanase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
    • C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
    • C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
    • C12N9/2477—Hemicellulases not provided in a preceding group
    • C12N9/248—Xylanases
    • C12N9/2482—Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (3.2.1.8)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Y—ENZYMES
    • C12Y302/00—Hydrolases acting on glycosyl compounds, i.e. glycosylases (3.2)
    • C12Y302/01—Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes hydrolysing O- and S-glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
    • C12Y302/01008—Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (3.2.1.8)
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C5/00—Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters ; Processes characterised by the choice of cellulose-containing starting materials
    • D21C5/005—Treatment of cellulose-containing material with microorganisms or enzymes

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns an enzyme preparation in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a process according to the preamble of claim 3 for the preparation thereof.
  • the invention concerns the use of the enzyme preparation.
  • alkaline xylanases denotes enzymes capable of breaking down xylane in the alkaline pH region. These enzymes can be used for facilitating the removal of residual lignin from pulp prepared by an alkaline pulping process.
  • xylanases which are active in the alkaline pH region can be produced by alkalophilic bakterial strains, such as strains belonging to the Bacillus genus. Generally, the activity of the xylanases produced by these bacteria is so low that enzyme production is inefficient and expensive.
  • the first two references [1, 2] describe the production of xylanase by cultivation of the strain Bacillus sp. No. C-125. According to the data given in the publication, the activity of the xylanase was in the range from 0,8 to 1 U/ml, which calculated as katals corresponds to an activity of between 90 and 100 nkat/ml.
  • Esteban with his co-workers [3] has produced xylanase by using the strain Bacillus circulans WL-12, a xylanase activity in the range from 2 to 20 nkat/ml being obtained at a optimum pH value of 5.5 to 7.
  • the present invention aims at eliminating the drawbacks of the prior art while providing an enzyme preparation having a high xylanase activity.
  • the invention is based on the surprising observation that by cultivating a specific Bacillus circulans strain, namely the Bacillus circulans strain deposited under the ATCC number 21783, or a mutant thereof, on a cultivation medium containing xylan at an alkaline pH, it is possible to provide a cultivation liquor (in the following: fermentation broth) having a high xylanase activity.
  • a cultivation liquor in the following: fermentation broth
  • the difference between the activity of the present invention preparation and the prior art is even larger, i.e. ⁇ 200, when the comparison is based on the xylanase produced by another B . circulans strain (Esteban et al, [3]).
  • the B . circulans strain ATCC 21783 has earlier been used for the preparation of amylase, cf reference [4]. That prior art publication also contains a detailed description of the most important parametres of the said bacterial strain. The prior art fails, however, to provide any references to the use of the strain for producing ⁇ -xylanase.
  • the preparation according to the invention is mainly characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • enzyme preparation is used throughout this specification to designate any product containing at least one enzyme.
  • the enzyme preparation may comprise, for instance, a fermentation broth containing one or several enzyme(s) , it may comprise an isolated enzyme of a mixture of two or several enzymes.
  • a fermentation broth which contains at least two ⁇ -xylanases whose molecular weights (determined by SDS-poly- acryl amidegelphoresis) are about 28 kD and about 41 kD, respectively.
  • the isoelectric points (pi) of the enzymes are between about 8 and 9.
  • the enzyme preparation according to the invention contains at least one of the two above-mentioned enzymes. Preferably, it comprises a fermentation broth containing both enzymes.
  • composition of the product obtained by fermentation varies to some degree depending on the fermentation medium and the fermentation conditions.
  • two xylanases whose pi's are about 5.5 to 7 have, in some cases, been found in the fermentation broths.
  • the activity of the ⁇ -xylanases in the fermentation broth prepared by the process according to the invention is preferably in excess of about 2000 nkat/ml, in particular at least about 3000 nkat/ml.
  • xylanas acitivities in the range from 6000 to 7000 nkat/ml.
  • the fermentation broth of the B . circulans strain used contains several other enzymes. These enzymes are generally capable of hydrolyzing the side chains of xylan or other hemicellulose components. Apart from the xylanases, the most important enzymes and their activities are given below:
  • the B . circulans strain ATCC 21783 is grown on a fermentation medium containing material of plant origin as a carbon source.
  • the medium is made alkaline, i.e. its pH is adjusted to a value in the range from about 7 to about 11. In particular, the pH of the medium is adjusted to about 8 - about 9.5.
  • Aqueous solutions of suitable alkaline compounds, preferably of sodium carbonate or ammonium hydroxide, can be used for adjusting the pH of the medium.
  • the carbon sources may comprise different materials of plant origin (based on wood or cereals) which contain xylan or they may consist of isolated xylans, such as softwood xylans, in particular birch or beech xylans.
  • the concentration of the carbon source is from 10 to 100 g/1.
  • the cultivation may be carried out as a shake flask cultivation or in a fermentor. It is easier to maintain the pH of the fermentation medium in the preferred range for the production of xylanase in a fermentor.
  • the cultivation is conducted in a fermentor in order to provide fermentation broths having high activities of the xylanases.
  • the carbon source comprises birch xylan.
  • the cultivation medium contains as a source of nitrogen for instance peptone, yeast extract, corn-steep liquor or distiller's spent grain. Other alternative nitrogen sources comprise urea, meat extract, yeast extract and casein hydrolysates.
  • the cultivation medium may also contain nutrient salts and trace elements. The following cations may be mentioned: calcium, magnesium, manganese, ammonium and iron ions, and the following anions: phosphate, sulphate and chloride ions. As far as the growth of the B .
  • the cultivation is normally carried out at a temperature in the range from about 20 ⁇ C to about 50°C for a cultivation period of time extending from about 12 hours to about 96 hours. However, if necessary, it is possible to deviate from these conditions.
  • the enzyme preparation provided by means of the invention does not only have a high activity but also a broad pH range of activity. Thus it is capable of solubilizing xylan even in the alkaline region ⁇ 9.
  • the xylanase fermentation broth according to the invention is well-suited for use, in particular, in the bleaching of pulp, for instance for reducing the required amounts of bleaching chemicals, such as chlorine dioxide. At the same time, it is possible efficiently to decrease the residual amounts of chemicals contained in the pulp. Since the cellulase activity of the fermentation broth is extremely low ( -.0,05 FPU), the broth can be used as such for the treatment of pulp, without it having a degrading effect on cellulose, which would impair the quality of the pulp.
  • the ⁇ -xylosidase activity of the fermentation broth is fairly high. Because of this, the main product of xylane hydrolysis at pH 7 is xylose. At higher pH values, less mono- saccharides are formed, which obviously is caused by the low pH stability of the ⁇ -xylosidase.
  • the ⁇ -xylanase enzymes can be separated and purified by methods known per se .
  • the examples 1 to 5 describe the preparation of fermentation broths containing ⁇ -xylanases
  • the example 6 elucidates the solubilizing effect of fermentation broths upon xylans
  • the examples 7 and 8 disclose the use of the enzyme preparation in the bleaching of pulp.
  • the xylanase activity of the prepared fermentation broths is assayed by the method described by Poutanen and Puls [5].
  • the substrate consists of 1 % Larchwood xylan (delivered by Sigma) , 50 M sodium citrate buffert, pH 6.5.
  • Example 1 Shake flask cultivation of the Bacillus circulans strain ATCC 21783
  • the Bacillus circulans strain was cultured with shaking in a 50 ml solution volume in a 250 ml flask. The cultivation temperature was 28°C.
  • the fermentation medium contained 10 g/1 birch xylan, 5 g/1 yeast extract, 2.5 g/1 peptone, 0.5 g/1 K 2 HP0 4 , 0.125 g/1 MgS0 4 .7H 2 0, 0.25 g/1 (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 , 0.125 g/1, NaCl, 0.025 g/1 CaCl 2 .2H 2 0, 0.0025 g/1 MnS0 4 H 2 0, 0.0025 g/1 FeS0 4 .7H 2 0.
  • the initial pH was about 9.5 and it dropped during the cultivation to about 7.
  • Example 2 Cultivation of the Bacillus circulans strain ATCC 21783 in a fermentor
  • the Bacillus circulans strain was cultivated in a laboratory fermentor.
  • the cultivation medium contained 20 g/1 of beech xylane, 20 ml/1 of corn-steep liquor, 0.54 g/1 of K 2 HP0 4 , 0.15 g/1 of MgS0 4 .7H 2 0.
  • the cultivation temperature was 30°C and the pH was maintained at a value in the range from 8 to 8.5.
  • the initial pH was adjusted by the addition of a sodium carbonate solution. During the fermentation, the pH was automatically adjusted by additions of ammonium hydroxide.
  • the xylanase activity of the fermentation broth was 4500 nkat/ml.
  • Example 3 Cultivation of the Bacillus _circulans strain ATCC 21783 in a fermentor
  • the Bacillus circulans strain was cultivated in a laboratory fermentor in the same cultivation conditions as in example 2 as far as temperature and pH were concerned.
  • the carbon source used comprised 20 g/1 of beech xylane.
  • the other components of the fermentation medium were the same as in example 1.
  • the xylanase activity of the centrifugated cultivation medium was 4000 nkat/ml.
  • the fermentation broth was analysed for the activities of the other enzymes which were found to be as follows: ⁇ -xylosidase 40 nkat/ml, ⁇ -arabinosidase 10 nkat/ml, acetyl esterase 2 nkat/ml, ⁇ -glucuronidase 5 nkat/ml and ⁇ -mannanase 10 nkat/ml.
  • Example 4 Cultivation of the Bacillus circulans strain ATCC 21783 in a fermentor
  • the Bacillus cirulans strain was cultivated in a laboratory fermentor.
  • the medium contained 20 g/1 of beech xylane, 20 ml/1 of corn-steep liquor, the other components of the medium were the same as in example l.
  • After sterilisation 30 ml/1 of a 0.1 M sodium bicarbonate solution was separately added to the medium.
  • the fermentation temperature was 30°C and the pH was kept in the range from 8 to 8.5. pH adjustment was effected by adding ammonium hydroxide.
  • the xylanase activity of the fermentation broth was 6900 nkat/ml.
  • Example 5 Cultivation of the Bacillus circulans strain ATCC 21783 in a fermentor
  • the Bacillus circulans strain was cultivated in accordance with the example 4, while using 10 g/1 of distiller's spent grains (wheat) instead of the corn-steep liquor. After 76 hours of cultivation the xylanase activity of the fermentation broth was 6800 nkat/ml.
  • Deacetylated xylan was hydrolysed by the enzyme preparation of example 3.
  • the pH of the hydrolysis solution was adjusted by means of citrate-phosphate buffer to 6, 7, 8 and 9, respectively. 100 nkat xylanase was used for each gram of xylan.
  • carbohydrates had been solubilized from xylan in the following amounts: pH solubilized carbohydrates
  • a spruce kraft pulp was treated with an enzyme preparation produced from the Bacillus circulans strain ATCC 21783. For each gram of the pulp an amount of xylanase corresponding to an activity of 30 nkat was added. The enzyme treatment time was 24 h. The reference was treated as the sample with the exception that no enzyme was added. After the enzyme treatment the pulp was treated with peroxide in alkaline conditions. In comparison to the kappa levels (the lignin contents) of the pulps after pulping, the following reductions were attained at different pH values:
  • a spruce kraft pulp was bleached according to the previous example enzymatically in combination with a chlorine bleaching sequence (D50C50)ED-ED 2 .
  • the intermediate kappa values, the final brigthness and the viscosity obtained were determined.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

On décrit une préparation enzymatique, son procédé de préparation et son utilisation. On obtient la préparation par la fermentation de la souche ATCC 21783 du microorganisme Bacillus circulans, ou d'une mutation de celle-ci, sur un milieu de fermentation alcalin. Elle contient au moins une parmi deux xylanases-β dont les masses moléculaires sont respectivement d'environ 28.000 et d'environ 41.000, et dont les points isoélectriques sont compris entre environ 8 et 9. Cette préparation enzymatique peut servir à décolorer la cellulose, par exemple en réduisant les quantités appliquées de produits chimiques décolorants tels que le dioxyde de chlorure.
PCT/FI1991/000183 1990-06-08 1991-06-10 COMPOSITION DE XYLANASE-β, SON PROCEDE DE PREPARATION ET SON UTILISATION POUR LA DECOLORATION DE LA CELLULOSE WO1991018978A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI902888 1990-06-08
FI902888A FI85986C (fi) 1990-03-08 1990-06-08 Enzymprodukt och foerfarande foer framstaellning daerav.

Publications (1)

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WO1991018978A1 true WO1991018978A1 (fr) 1991-12-12

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994001532A1 (fr) * 1992-07-02 1994-01-20 Novo Nordisk A/S BACILLUS sp. AC13 ALCALOPHILE ET PROTEASE, XYLANASE, CELLULASE OBTENUES A PARTIR DE CETTE ESPECE
US5770104A (en) * 1990-10-05 1998-06-23 Genencor International, Inc. Detergent compositions containing substantially pure EG III cellulase
EP0799304A4 (fr) * 1994-10-26 1998-12-30 Biotech International Ltd Bacterie d'origine bacterienne a activite xylanase
US6017749A (en) * 1992-07-02 2000-01-25 Novo Nordisk A/S Alkalophilic Bacillus sp. AC13 and protease, xylanase, cellulase obtainable therefrom
US6162782A (en) * 1990-10-05 2000-12-19 Genencor International, Inc. Detergent compositions containing cellulase compositions deficient in CBH I type components
EP1688535A1 (fr) * 2005-02-08 2006-08-09 Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. Méthode d'élimination de l'acide uronique insaturé de pates chimiques pour la production de papier
EP2258837A1 (fr) 2004-09-10 2010-12-08 Novozymes North America, Inc. Procédés permettant de détruire, de réduire, d'éliminer ou d'empêcher la formation d'un film biologique
US8759041B1 (en) * 2013-02-12 2014-06-24 Novozymes Inc. Polypeptides having xylanase activity and polynucleotides encoding same

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4725544A (en) * 1986-04-25 1988-02-16 Tan Larry U Method for purifying xylanase

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4725544A (en) * 1986-04-25 1988-02-16 Tan Larry U Method for purifying xylanase

Non-Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
APPL. MICROBIOL. BIOTECHNOL., Vol. 19, 1984, WATARU OKAZAKI et al.: "Production and Properties of Two Types of Xylanases from Alkalophilic Thermophilic Bacillus Spp.", see page 335 - page 340. *
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Vol. 55, No. 3, March 1989, ROBERT C.A. YANG et al.: "Identification of Two Distinct Bacillus Circulans Xylanases by Molecular Cloning of the Genes and Expression in Escherichia Coli", see page 568 - page 572. *
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Vol. 55, No. 5, May 1989, ROBERT C.A. YANG et al.: "Hyperexpression of a Bacillus Circulans Xylanase Gene in Escherichia Coli and Characterization of the Gene Product", see page 1192 - page 1195. *
BIOMASS, Vol. 15, 1988, L. JURASEK et al.: "Biological Treatments of Pulps", see page 104 - page 106. *
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING, Vol. 32, 1988, M.G. PAICE et al.: "Viscosity-Enhancing Bleaching of Hardwood Kraft Pulp with Xylanase from a Cloned Gene", see page 235 - page 239. *
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, Vol. 31, 1985, H. HONDA et al.: "Two Types of Xylanases of Alkalophilic Bacillus Sp. No. C-125", see page 538 - page 542. *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 94, No. 188, C295; & JP,A,58 166 008, 04-04-1985, RIKAGAKU KENKYUSHO. *
SYSTEM. APPL. MICROBIOL., Vol. 8, 1986, HIROSHI HONDA et al.: "Production of Extracellular Alkaline Xylanase of Alkalophilic Bacillus Sp. C-125, by Escherichia Coli Carrying pCX 311", see page 152 - page 157. *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5770104A (en) * 1990-10-05 1998-06-23 Genencor International, Inc. Detergent compositions containing substantially pure EG III cellulase
US6162782A (en) * 1990-10-05 2000-12-19 Genencor International, Inc. Detergent compositions containing cellulase compositions deficient in CBH I type components
WO1994001532A1 (fr) * 1992-07-02 1994-01-20 Novo Nordisk A/S BACILLUS sp. AC13 ALCALOPHILE ET PROTEASE, XYLANASE, CELLULASE OBTENUES A PARTIR DE CETTE ESPECE
EP0825254A3 (fr) * 1992-07-02 1998-03-04 Novo Nordisk A/S Bacillus sp. AC 13 alcalophile et xylanase obtenue à partir de cette espèce
US5741693A (en) * 1992-07-02 1998-04-21 Novo Nordisk A/S Alkalophilic bacillus SP. AC13 and protease, xylanase, cellulase obtainable therefrom
US6017749A (en) * 1992-07-02 2000-01-25 Novo Nordisk A/S Alkalophilic Bacillus sp. AC13 and protease, xylanase, cellulase obtainable therefrom
EP0799304A4 (fr) * 1994-10-26 1998-12-30 Biotech International Ltd Bacterie d'origine bacterienne a activite xylanase
EP2258837A1 (fr) 2004-09-10 2010-12-08 Novozymes North America, Inc. Procédés permettant de détruire, de réduire, d'éliminer ou d'empêcher la formation d'un film biologique
EP2258836A1 (fr) 2004-09-10 2010-12-08 Novozymes North America, Inc. Procédés permettant de détruire, de réduire, d'éliminer ou d'empêcher la formation d'un film biologique
EP1688535A1 (fr) * 2005-02-08 2006-08-09 Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. Méthode d'élimination de l'acide uronique insaturé de pates chimiques pour la production de papier
US8759041B1 (en) * 2013-02-12 2014-06-24 Novozymes Inc. Polypeptides having xylanase activity and polynucleotides encoding same

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