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WO1990012078A1 - Melanges separables de charbon dans du petrole, ayant des proprietes ajustees de sedimentation et procede de production de tels melanges - Google Patents

Melanges separables de charbon dans du petrole, ayant des proprietes ajustees de sedimentation et procede de production de tels melanges Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1990012078A1
WO1990012078A1 PCT/US1990/001655 US9001655W WO9012078A1 WO 1990012078 A1 WO1990012078 A1 WO 1990012078A1 US 9001655 W US9001655 W US 9001655W WO 9012078 A1 WO9012078 A1 WO 9012078A1
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Prior art keywords
mixture
coal
oil
percent
water
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PCT/US1990/001655
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English (en)
Inventor
Theodore C. Frankiewicz
Samuel C. Hanson
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Union Oil Company Of California
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Publication of WO1990012078A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990012078A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/324—Dispersions containing coal, oil and water

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to coal-in-oil mixtures having controlled sedimentation properties and a sufficiently low viscosity that said mixtures are transportable over long distances in conventional oil pipelines.
  • Patent 1,390,230 to the effect that a useful composition comprises a mix ⁇ ture of oil with a solid fuel, which may be any of the coals from lignite to anthracite, peat, coke or, even wood, provided at least 2/3 of the dry solid fuel is combustible and, further, that the solid is pulverized so that 95 percent will pass through a 100 mesh screen and 85 percent through a 200 mesh screen.
  • a solid fuel which may be any of the coals from lignite to anthracite, peat, coke or, even wood, provided at least 2/3 of the dry solid fuel is combustible and, further, that the solid is pulverized so that 95 percent will pass through a 100 mesh screen and 85 percent through a 200 mesh screen.
  • Bates also discloses that the use of 30 weight percent coal be ⁇ tween about 1.2 and about 1.5 weight percent of a "fixateur,” with the remainder being a fuel oil such as pressure-still oil or coal tar, will enhance the subse
  • Pre ⁇ ferred as the "fixateur” is a lime-rosin-grease (made by heating a mixture of 83.5 percent oil, 10 percent rosin, 5 percent lime and 1.5 percent water) or one of the coal tar distillates, such as creosote.
  • the Johnson et al reference shows that those skilled in the art have long been aware of the advan ⁇ tages of coal-in-oil fuels: that their use makes it possible to conserve petroleum resources, obtain better use of storage space, permit disposal of fines and low rank coals, etc.
  • This reference also points out that the behavior of any particular coal-in-oil fuel, in respect to settling, depends upon a number of factors. For example, if the fuel can be prepared at the site of use, there is a minimum of storage time, and stabiliza ⁇ tion behavior of the coal-in-oil fuel becomes relative ⁇ ly unimportant. Similarly, if stirring or pumping to provide circulation can be used, again there is not much of a problem with excessive settling.
  • Some mix ⁇ tures can remain stable for months without any addi ⁇ tional treatment, particularly when (1) the coal parti ⁇ cles are very fine and have no tendency to associate, (2) the concentration of the coal is relatively high and (3) the oil is relatively viscous and/or possesses a high specific gravity.
  • This reference also discusses the use of stabilizers as follows:
  • Moisture in the coal may, at times, present a problem, and it would be highly desirable to provide a source of coal having minimal amounts of retained moisture. This is accomplished, at least to some extent by air drying the coal in the course of grind ⁇ ing, or after it is ground. While some amount of free moisture can be tolerated in most coal fired systems, where this amount is excessive, other methods, such as the use of thermal drying equipment, must be used. Even though such drying would improve the overall utility of the coal, the expenses involved and time consumed in doing so generally dictate that such meas ⁇ ures be used only as a last resort.
  • coal-in-oil mixtures involve either mechanically treating the coal particles with heat and/or pressure before the slurry- ing operation begins or chemically treating them with various chemicals to promote subsequent slurry stabili ⁇ ty.
  • stabilizing chemicals are added to the slurry itself.
  • These additives in ⁇ clude polymeric and clay thickeners and "stabilizers" comprised of one or more surfactants to cause the oil to wet the coal, the combination of said wetting and high viscosity tending to form stable, pumpable, thixo- tropic gels or similar composite structures so as to keep the coal in suspension and substantially prevent it from settling out of suspension in storage or in the pipeline during those times when the mixture is not in motion.
  • Coal settling is a very serious problem. When it occurs with these mixtures, the coal tends to form a solid, dense deposit which can be redispersed into the oil carrier only with the greatest difficulty, if it can be done at all.
  • coal-in-oil mixtures have been considered for use as a fuel for a long time and most, if not all, of the prior art is devoted to facilitating and/or enhancing such use.
  • the oil carrier may be of such quality that it is of greater value for use as a feed stock, for an oil refinery or chemical plant than as a fuel.
  • means must be provided not only to provide slurried compositions which are capable of being pumped through conventional pipelines and safely stored for some period of time, but also allow both the coal and oil to be easily separated from the slurry without significant degradation of their basic properties or value.
  • the slurry since any water present in the mixture creates more of a problem in using the oil, as compared to using the coal, the slurry must be formed and handled in such a manner so that substantially all of any water present remains with the coal when it is separated and recovered from the coal-in-oil mixture.
  • the present invention meets all these needs.
  • the present invention provides easily separable mixtures (or slurries) of a solid combustible carbona ⁇ ceous material and an oil, said mixture being suitable for transport via pipeline over long distances and having controlled sedimentation and a viscosity below about 300 centipoise at a temperature of about 40° F.
  • One method for providing such mixtures comprises the steps of:
  • the carbonaceous material is one or more combustible species such as lignite, coke, sub- bituminous coal, bituminous coal and anthracite and, most preferably, a species having a water saturation level no higher than about 15 weight percent.
  • combustible species such as lignite, coke, sub- bituminous coal, bituminous coal and anthracite and, most preferably, a species having a water saturation level no higher than about 15 weight percent.
  • the invention further comprises the steps of:
  • the recovered oil is found to be a clean liquid of substantially undimin- ished value suitable for use as a feedstock in a refin ⁇ ery and/or chemicals plant.
  • the amount of coal in the mixture should be no more than about 60 percent of the total weight thereof to assure that long distance transport via pipelines is practical. More preferably, approximately equal weights of coal and oil are used in making the mixture.
  • Slurries of the present invention have improved utility as compared to those of the prior art without requiring excessive grinding of the coal, addition of excessive amounts of water, or thickening of the hydro ⁇ carbon carrier. It is believed that the structure of the agglomerated particles of the present invention effectively interrupts the packing efficiency of any particles which settle out, thereby preventing the formation of a hard, compact cake at the bottom of a pipeline or vessel containing said slurry.
  • the present invention is directed to the prepara ⁇ tion of coal-in-oil mixtures, typically comprising a slurry of agglomerated ground coal particles in a crude oil or light petroleum oil, said slurry having a rela ⁇ tively low viscosity and controlled sedimentation properties such that it can be transported in and make use of conventional light oil storage, handling and pipelining facilities.
  • controlled sedimentation is defined as existing when the coal settling from a static mixture and recovered by decanting contains no more than about 65 weight percent solids. In the preferred embodiment no more than about 62 percent solids is contained in the sediment. At these percentages, the sediment forms a loosely packed bed which remains easily redispersible (i.e., pumpable with conventional pumps) for a period of at least 2 days, more preferably at least about 7 days, and most preferably at least about 25 days.
  • the coal species employed in the present process is not critical and may be lignite, sub-bituminous coal, bituminous coal, anthracite, or even coke, all of said materials being generically identified herein after as "coal.”
  • the carbon content of these materials typically ranges upward from about 70 percent, on a moisture-free and ash-free basis.
  • the source is lignite or a low ranked bituminous coal, it may contain up to about 35 percent water and further be contaminat ⁇ ed with a significant amount of clay and other ash- forming materials.
  • the coal may either be me ⁇ chanically or chemically deashed and/or dried, or dry mixed with a higher ranked coal containing lesser amounts of ash and moisture.
  • the saturation level of coal is defined as the total weight of water absorbed in about 25 grams of dry crushed coal after standing, at a temperature of about 21-24° C and a relative humidity of about 100 percent, for a period of 72 hours.
  • the saturation level of coal usually ranges from about 35 down to below about 2 weight percent in anthracite and very high ranked bituminous coal.
  • the coal used in the slurry is preferably ground to a coarse utility grind having a particle distribu ⁇ tion in which the maximum particle diameter size is about 500 microns, with at least about 90 percent, more preferably, at least about 99.9 percent being less than about 300 microns, with between about 50 to about 80 percent, most preferably between about 55 and about 65 weight percent of the particles being less than about 100 microns (140 mesh) and very most preferably less than about 75 microns (200 mesh) in diameter.
  • the method of grinding is not important and any convention ⁇ al grinding system may used. Ball mills (for wet grinding) and hammer mills, roller mills or bowl mills (for dry grinding) are all acceptable. Methods for establishing such a particle size distribution are well known in the art.
  • the amount of coal used to form the slurry is generally no more than about 65 percent and typically ranges between about 20 and about 60 weight percent of the total slurry composition.
  • viscosity is controlled by the volumetric content of the discrete phase.
  • the viscosity of the slurry is, at least to some degree, a function of the coal content, and very high concentrations of coal may, therefore, not be pumpable over any significant distance in a pipeline.
  • very low coal concentrations are not economically desirable. Consequently, a coal concentration of about 35 to about 60 weight percent is preferred, with about 45 to about 60 weight percent being more preferred. Most preferred are mixtures in which the weights of coal and oil therein are approximately equal.
  • the oil used as the carrier is not critical.
  • one or more liquid hydro- carbonaceous materials selected from any natural or synthetic petroleum crude oil and liquid fractions therefrom including natural gas condensates, kerosene, light distillate oil, such as diesel fuel or home heating oil, and heavy distillate and residual oils such as Bunker A, B or C fuels, and coal tar fractions such as creosote oil and anthracene oil, waste oils and similar materials can all be used.
  • the overall viscosity of a 50/50 coal-in-oil mixture will be anywhere from about 8 to about 20 times greater than the viscosity of the oil, under slow, laminar flow conditions.
  • the slurry viscosity ranges between about 4 and about 6 times that of the oil, depending on the velocity at which the viscosity is determined. Variations of slurry viscosity with tem ⁇ perature will parallel changes in carrier oil viscosi ⁇ ty. If the oil viscosity doubles, so will that of the coal-oil-mixture.
  • the slurry viscosity remain at less than about 300 centipoise, more preferably, less than about 200 centipoise and, most preferably, less than about 100 centipoise at about 40° F.
  • an initially viscous material such as a heavy gas oil
  • controlled sedimentation properties can be established when the ground coal particles have hydrophobic surfaces at the time slurry formation is to take place. Hydrophobic surfaces are typically found only with freshly ground coal and sub stantially disappear, with the coal reverting to hydro- philic surfaces, if the ground coal is allowed to stand in air for any significant period of time, e.g., from about 2 to about 3 days, depending on the particular coal involved. Preferably, however, the maximum stand ⁇ ing time for freshly ground coal is no more than about 6 hours. Even more preferably, less than about 1 hour is used to provide the slurries of the present inven- tion.
  • the amount of surfactant required is dependent upon the particular coal used and on its particle size distribution. Typically, the surfactant concentration will range from about 0.01 to about 5 weight percent, preferably between about 0.01 to about 1.0 weight percent, of the total weight of the coal-in- oil mixture. Most preferably, for ground coal composi ⁇ tions having the most preferred particle size distribu ⁇ tion, the mixture comprises about 2 weight percent free water over the saturation level of the coal, and the concentration of surfactant is about 0.1 weight percent of the total slurry mass.
  • Surfactants preferred in the present invention will not cause the final composition formed to be emulsified, peptized or, otherwise colloidally stabi ⁇ lized so that controlled settling of the agglomerated coal particles in the coal-oil-mixture is unduely inhibited. While such inhibition may be important to prevent settling of the coal particles in situations where -the total mixture is to be combusted, such ex ⁇ tended stability is not necessary and indeed, not desirable, where, as in the present invention, sedimen ⁇ tation is to be controlled, not prevented and the separability of the coal and oil is to be maintained. In fact, without these controlled sedimentation proper ⁇ ties, it is doubtful that complete separation of the coal from the oil could be accomplished.
  • the surfactant is useful as is, i.e., after it is- added to the slurry, there should be no need to perform polymerization, other "chemistry in place” processes, or elaborate mechanical operations with the coal/surfactant combination to coat the parti ⁇ cles, agglomerate them and/or prevent absorption of the oil carrier by the coal. All these operations will dramatically increase the costs of the overall slurry- ing process.
  • the surfactant should not signif ⁇ icantly alter the combustion and/or ash forming proper ⁇ ties of the coal or reduce the economic utility of the recovered carrier oil.
  • One suitable group of oil-insoluble surfactants for this purpose are the nonionic, ethoxylated or propoxlyated alkyl substituted phenols.
  • One particu ⁇ larly suitable surfactant is NP-10, a nonionic surfact ⁇ ant comprised of a polymeric chain averaging about 10 polyethylene oxide (PEO) units and terminated, at one end, with nonyl phenol. This is commercially available from, among others, GAF. As noted herein above, this surfactant can be applied simply by mixing it, under high shear conditions, into the coal-in-oil mixture.
  • the invention is not limited to any particular theory of operation, it is believed that, with this type of surfactant, the agglomerated struc ⁇ ture described herein is the result of the phenolic portion of the surfactant molecule being attracted to and coating the hydrophobic surfaces of the coal parti ⁇ cles, with the PEO portion forming a hydrophilic "tail" protruding outward into the water. This results in the formation of a tightly bound, coordinated water bridg ⁇ ing layer around the particles. Agglomeration occurs when, under the high speed, high shear conditions of mixing, the tail-like appendages of the surfactant molecules assist the fast-moving, water coated parti ⁇ cles in binding together when they collide in the slurry.
  • the average agglomerated particle is, typical ⁇ ly, about 100 microns in diameter. Since the surfact ⁇ ant is insoluble in the oil carrier, the water is held onto the coal particles and does not disperse into the oil. Consequently, a stabilized coal-in-oil "emul ⁇ sion,” described as being necessary in much of the prior art, is not formed. It is understood that any other surfactant capable of creating the agglomerated particles described above and meeting the above crite ⁇ ria can be used in the present invention.
  • Coal-in-oil mixtures as prepared above, are readily pumpable in oil pipelines using conventional centrifugal or other pumps customarily used for the pumping of the base carrier oil. In the movement of the slurry through the pipeline, it is found that the individual coal particles in the agglomerates are not significantly reduced in size, whereas unagglomerated particles are.
  • the agglomerated coal particles of the present invention do not tend to form deposits on cold pipeline walls. In flow tests with pipes cooled to about 15° F, no buildup of coal particles on the walls was noted. Also, the agglomerated particles do not segregate within the pipe at nominal velocities, i.e., greater than about 0.65 meter/second, whereas in an oil slurry of unagglomerated coal particles flowing at a rate of 0.95 meters/second, noticible particle segregation was observed.
  • coal-in- oil mixtures prepared as described herein above can be easily and safely pumped in a conventional crude-oil carrying pipeline to power stations over distances as great as 2500 miles, or more, without difficulty. For example, in a test where the circulation of a 49 weight percent coal mixture which had been standing in a 4 18
  • the overall separa ⁇ bility of a coal-in-oil mixture may be determined by a simple procedure. In this, about 100 grams of the mixture is placed on a 100 mesh (150 micron) screen mounted onto a 5" diameter Buchner funnel and a vacuum is applied. The time required for a uniformly dry coal surface to appear is a measure of separability. The weight of material in the oil is measured after vacuum filtering the oil on Whatman no. 41 filter paper.
  • a coal-in-oil mixture is deemed to be "readily separa ⁇ ble" if (1) the time required to achieve a uniformly dry surface with at least 65 percent of the oil being recovered in 30 seconds or less, and (2) less than 2 percent of the coal is lost to the filtrate.
  • Addition ⁇ al oil may be recoved by washing the particles on the screen with hot water or a suitable oil solvent, fol ⁇ lowed by drying the coal at an elevated temperature.
  • the separated coal will contain less than about 10 percent and, more preferably, less than about 5 percent, by weight oil after all filtration, washing and drying operations are completed.
  • Typical results observed with the coal-in-oil mixtures of the present invention are a dry surface within 10 seconds, about 70 percent oil recovery in 30 seconds, with about 1.0 percent of the coal being found in the oil filtrate.
  • the recovered oil typically has a water and solids content (ash and/or coal) well within the desalter capabilities of most oil refineries.
  • a gross separation of the coal and oil can be achieved using conventional liquid/solids separating facilities such as centrifuges, vacuum or pressure fil ters, and the like.
  • the amount of oil initially recoverable by these methods is, typically, between about 75 to about 95 percent (assuming equal weights of coal and oil in the slurry) , depending upon the characteristics of the agglomerated coal floes and oil carrier, the level of water satura ⁇ tion of the coal, and the particular equipment used at this stage. Generally speaking, the closer the coal is to being water saturated, the higher the percentage of initial oil recovery. Analysis of the recovered oil shows that its general distillation range, sulfur content, asphaltene content, etc. are all essentially unchanged from those values exhibited before it was used to make up the slurry. The water content, as measured by the Carl Fischer Test, is essentially zero.
  • the recovered oil does have a somewhat higher level of very fine particulate matter suspended therein.
  • Analysis of this material shows that it is largely comprised of ash- forming salts and minerals originally present in the coal, with the amount present being somewhat a function of the ash content of the ground coal. Where the amount of this particulate material is excessive, i.e., beyond the desalting capabilities of the downstream oil facility, additional deep cleaning, i.e., deashing, of the coal may be required before the slurrying operation begins.
  • Additional quantities of oil can be recovered from the "filter cake” by washing it with a solvent such as heptane, hexane, a mixture of low boiling point hydro ⁇ carbons, or with hot water, followed by drying the washed cake at a temperature of about 200° F to about 400° F, preferably from about 250° F to about 300° F.
  • a solvent such as heptane, hexane, a mixture of low boiling point hydro ⁇ carbons, or with hot water
  • these techniques typically recover 95+ weight percent of the oil from the coal-in-oil mixture initially formed, with the coal being readily combusti ⁇ ble and the oil being substantially unchanged from when it was introduced into the mixture.
  • the coal is recovered from the mill air flow by passing the air stream through an air cyclone separator. This removes over 90 percent of the coal, with the remainder being removed from the air stream in a bag filter.
  • the material captured in the bag comprises fines generally less than 30 microns, more usually less than 10 microns in diameter. Analy ⁇ sis of this material shows it to have a dry weight ash content of about 25%.
  • the ground coal had a particle size distribution as shown in Table 1. 2078
  • a lot of about 1 pound of the ground coal of Example 1 was water saturated and, with about 2.4 percent free water and sufficient NP-10 surfactant to comprise about 1000 ppm in the final slurry, was mixed for one minute with an equal weight of Canadian Peace River crude oil, having a viscosity at about 68° F. of about 5.4 centi ⁇ poise, using a mixer equipped with a 1.5 inch diameter high shear emulsifier blade and operated with a tip speed of about 2700 ft/min., in a 1 liter beaker.
  • the sedimen ⁇ tation properties of this slurry were compared to four similar slurries prepared with (a) no free water and no surfactant, (b) 1000 ppm surfactant but no free water, (c) 2.4 weight percent free water and no surfactant and (d) 2.4 weight percent free water and 2000 PPM of surfactant. After mixing, the five lots were allowed to stand undis ⁇ turbed to allow the coal to settle out. After periods of 24 and 168 hours, the amount of coal which had settled out was measured. The results obtained for these five slur ⁇ ries, which are identified as test samples 1 to 5, respec ⁇ tively, are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 2 The mixing procedure of Example 2 was repeated but with the use of about 2000 ppm of a commercial suecinimide based dispersant of a type reported in the literature as being highly effective for inhibiting the sedimentation of coal in coal-in-oil mixtures, in place of the NP-10 sur- factant. After a settling period of 48 hours, it was found that the coal had settled into a hard packed, non- redispersible bed.
  • Example 2 The procedure of Example 2 was repeated but with a ground coal which, after grinding and before slurry prepa ⁇ ration, was aged in storage for 3 to 4 days to allow the particle surfaces to oxidize.
  • the results of the sedimen ⁇ tation tests are shown as samples 6 to 9 in Table 2.
  • Example 2 The procedure of Example 2 was repeated but with a ground coal which after grinding contained only 8.2 weight percent water, i.e., was unsaturated. Two test samples were made up, one with the freshly ground coal of Example 2, the other with the 3 day aged coal of Example 3 with both being prepared without either extra free water or surfactant being added. The results, after settling, which afe shown as samples 10 and 11 in Table 2, are about the same as the corresponding samples (#2 and #6) made with nominally saturated coal.
  • Example 1 Approximately 75 pounds of the ground coal of Example 1 were mixed as described in Example 2 with an equal weight of oil and 2.4 weight percent extra water and 4000 ppm of NP-10 surfactant. The resulting coal-in-oil-mix- ture was then circulated in a 2" diameter pipeloop, using a Moyno progressive cavity pump, the operation of the loop being such that each particle of coal passed through the pump about 4 times per minute.
  • Example 2 Approximately 1500 pounds of the ground coal of Example 1 were mixed as described in Example 2 with an equal weight of Alberta light sweet crude oil having a viscosity of about 5.4 cP at 20° C, 2.4 percent extra water and about 2000 ppm of NP-10 surfactant.
  • the result ⁇ ant slurry was then pumped through a 4" diameter pipeloop equipped with a high shear centrifugal pump at a rate of about 85 passes therethrough per hour.
  • the calculated slow, laminar flow viscosity-at 20° C was about 200 cP.
  • the pump was stopped and the slurry was statically stored for 4 days in the pipe ⁇ line. During this time there was no evidence of a settled out hard pack.
  • Example 6 The procedure of Example 6 was repeated but without the use of water-saturated coal or the addition of sur ⁇ factant to the coal-in-oil mixture.
  • the fraction of oil remaining on the coal after Bird centrifuging was 33 to 44 weight percent, with only 85 to 90 percent of the oil be ⁇ ing ultimately recoverable after washing and drying.
  • Example 2 About 20 pounds of the ground coal of Example 1 were mixed as described in Example 2 with an equal weight of oil, 2.4 weight percent extra water, and about 2000 ppm of NP-10 surfactant. The resultant coal-in-oil mixture was then filtered with a rotary vacuum filter adapted so that the immersion time of the filter in the slurry and the open air exposure time of the filter could be adjusted. The apparatus also allowed the filter cake on the filter to be washed before being removed. The results observed are shown as tests 1 to 4 in Table 3.
  • Example 7 The procedure of Example 7 was repeated but with a slurry which contained neither excess water nor surfactant. The results observed are shown as tests 5 to 10 in Table 3. Note that in all of tests 5 to 10 the amount of oil retained on the coal was at least double that shown in tests 1 to 4. Also note that in tests 9 and 10, wherein the immersion time and filter times were both considerably longer than in the corresponding tests (3 and 4) in Example 7, the amount of carrier oil retained on the coal was still 3 times greater in test 9 and about 9 times greater in test 10.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

Des mélanges de charbon dans du pétrole ayant des propriétés ajustées de sédimentation et une viscosité suffisamment faible pour pouvoir transporter ces mélanges sur de longues distances par des pipelines de pétrole classiques sont préparés par agglomération de particules de charbon saturé d'eau avec 2 à 5 % d'eau supplémentaire libre et entre 1 et 5 % d'un agent tensioactif non ionique insoluble dans le pétrole, dans du pétrole porteur. Le mélange fini doit avoir une viscosité maximale d'environ 300 centipoises à 40°F et est aisément séparable en ses constituants, à savoir le charbon et le pétrole.
PCT/US1990/001655 1989-03-31 1990-03-28 Melanges separables de charbon dans du petrole, ayant des proprietes ajustees de sedimentation et procede de production de tels melanges WO1990012078A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2268289C1 (ru) * 2004-08-17 2006-01-20 Закрытое акционерное общество "Научно-производственное предприятие "Сибэкотехника" Способ получения композиционного водоугольного топлива

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1193873B (de) * 1962-09-26 1965-05-26 Babcock & Wilcox Dampfkessel Verfahren zum Foerdern eines Gemisches von Rohoel und zerkleinerter Kohle in Rohrleitungen und Abscheiden der Kohle am Zielorte zwecks Verfeuerung
DE2629797A1 (de) * 1975-07-03 1977-01-27 American Minechem Corp Verfahren zum befoerdern bzw. transportieren von kohle
FR2396070A1 (fr) * 1977-06-27 1979-01-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Suspension de charbon dans des liquides organiques et procede pour son obtention
EP0029712A2 (fr) * 1979-11-22 1981-06-03 Canadian Patents and Development Limited Procédé en plusieurs étapes consécutives pour l'amélioration du charbon
US4448585A (en) * 1981-12-28 1984-05-15 Atlantic Richfield Company Process for forming stable coal-oil mixtures

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1193873B (de) * 1962-09-26 1965-05-26 Babcock & Wilcox Dampfkessel Verfahren zum Foerdern eines Gemisches von Rohoel und zerkleinerter Kohle in Rohrleitungen und Abscheiden der Kohle am Zielorte zwecks Verfeuerung
DE2629797A1 (de) * 1975-07-03 1977-01-27 American Minechem Corp Verfahren zum befoerdern bzw. transportieren von kohle
FR2396070A1 (fr) * 1977-06-27 1979-01-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Suspension de charbon dans des liquides organiques et procede pour son obtention
EP0029712A2 (fr) * 1979-11-22 1981-06-03 Canadian Patents and Development Limited Procédé en plusieurs étapes consécutives pour l'amélioration du charbon
US4448585A (en) * 1981-12-28 1984-05-15 Atlantic Richfield Company Process for forming stable coal-oil mixtures

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Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 2, No. 117 (C-78)(2326), 29 September 1978; & JP-A-5382806 (Lion Yushi K.K.) 21 July 1978 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2268289C1 (ru) * 2004-08-17 2006-01-20 Закрытое акционерное общество "Научно-производственное предприятие "Сибэкотехника" Способ получения композиционного водоугольного топлива

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