WO1990000413A1

WO1990000413A1 - Breastpump

Info

Publication number: WO1990000413A1
Application number: PCT/US1988/001784
Authority: WO
Inventors: Karl O. A. H. Larsson
Original assignee: Medela, Inc.
Priority date: 1983-05-20
Filing date: 1988-07-07
Publication date: 1990-01-25
Also published as: CH659949A5

Abstract

A breastpump is provided with a valve mechanism (14) that closes a collection chamber (4) when a vacuum is applied to a hood member (1) and opens the collection chamber when the vacuum is removed. The valve mechanism (14) is removably attached to the collection chamber for ready cleaning. A baffle (7) in the hood member (1) protects the vacuum line from milk flow. One embodiment of the invention has a connecting sleeve (10) for connecting either a manually driven pneumatic pump (9) or a motor driven pneumatic pump to the hood body to create an intermittent vacuum. A connector (56) is further provided for use with a pair of breastpumps operated simultaneously by a motor driven pneumatic pump. An adjustment piece (36) for decreasing the cross-sectional area of a funnel-shaped hood member (1) is also disclosed for use of the breastpumps with smaller breasts. One type of manually driven piston pump (9) useful with the invention has apertures (50a, 50b) formed through the pump cylinder wall that are selectively opened and closed for adjustment of the piston pump vacuum.

Description

BREASTPUMP

This is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 874,879 filed June 6, 1986, which is a continuation of Serial No. 612,602 filed May 21, 1984 (now abandoned), which is a continuation-in-part of Serial No. 296,081 filed August 25, 1981 (now abandoned).

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to breastmilk pumps, and more particularly relates to a new and improved: valving mechanism for a breastmilk pump; a suction hood for a breastmilk pump; a manually adjustable pump-vacuum control mechanism for a manual pump; and an adaptor for pumping milk from two breasts simultaneously.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Breastmilk pumps are well known, and are generally comprised of a hood that fits over the breast, a vacuum pump connected to the hood for generating an intermittent vacuum within the hood, and a receptacle for the expressed milk. Manually driven vaccum pumps as well as those that are driven by a motor are ordinarily used. The vacuum pumps of these devices, I as a rule, intermittently generate a vacuum or negative pressure within the hood, with the hood encompassing the nipple and a substantial amount of the breast. The intermittent suction action of the pump serves to pull on the breast and thereby extract milk in an action reminiscent of suckling. The milk so extracted typically flows from the hood into a collection container for storage and later use.

Apart from the purely hygienic requirements for such equipment, there also exist technical problems which are at least insufficiently solved with regard to prior art devices. One such significant failing of nearly all of the prior art devices is that the milk expressed often reaches the vacuum line or even the pump. In order to eliminate such a serious problem, many prior devices contain so-called safety volumes between the hood and the pump. Such a solution of the problem is expensive and usually cannot provide effec¬ tive protection of the vacuum line and pump from milk. Also, varying degrees of vacuum can be generated as the milk receptacle fills, which must then be compensated for.

Another important consideration in the design of a breastpu p is the vacuum created by the pump and its effect upon the breast. While it is the ultimate desire to design a breastpump that perfectly duplicates a baby's nursing action, this is extremely difficult to achieve. However, there are several important charac¬ teristics that a breastpump, properly designed, can simulate. Three things about the vacuum and its appli¬ cation to the breast are considered very important. These are.- (a) how much vacuum does a pump create on the breast; (b) how long is that vacuum applied to the breast; and (c) can the vacuum be regulated within safe, natural limits to suit the mother's comfort with proper expression of milk? First, a vacuum that is much greater than that "vacuum" created by a suckling baby is not only unnatural, it can also cause pain and injury to the breast. Second, just as too much vacuum can hurt the breast, too long an application of vacuum is also un¬ natural, and may create discomfort and injury. Third, uncontrollable vacuum -- either vacuum in excess of safe, natural limits or vacuum that cannot be fine- tuned for a woman's comfort -- makes a breastpump less effective or even useless.

In utilizing breastpumps, whether they are of a motor driven or manually driven type, it has been found that the wide variety in the size of breasts also gives rise to problems if a single breastpump is to be given universal application. This is particularly true in regard to smaller breasts, since the hoods used by most breastpumps are designed to handle a medium or larger-size breast. For example, the small breast can be sucked into a standard size hood to an extent that, if not necessarily painful, is at least rather uncom¬ fortable. In general, the funnel of such a suction hood should abut the breast at a distance from the nipple that is as large as possible, which condition demands a funnel for the hood which is also as large as possible. While it has become obvious that the pro¬ vision of different suction hoods having various funnel diameters solves such a problem, it does so in an un¬ satisfactory way, since providing a product line of different size hoods is expensive from a marketing and manufacturing standpoint.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One of the principal objects of the present invention is to provide a breastpump that has an im¬ proved structure including a simple but effective valv- ing mechanism which prevents breastmilk from entering the vacuum line or suction pump.

A particularly noteworthy advantage of the valving mechanism of the present invention is that a relatively constant negative pressure or vacuum can be applied to the breastpump, since no variable volumes, (i.e., in the receiving container), are present in this device. This allows the employment of smaller pumps, since the volume of the vacuum or negative pressure which is necessary for intermittent operation can be considerably smaller in comparison to other known solutions. It is also not necessary to create a vacuum to compensate for the volume of the receiving container due to the presence of the valve of the present invention.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a breastpump that has a readily adjustable vacuum in a manually driven (non-motor) application.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved construction of a suction hood for a breastpump, which suction hood is relatively simple in construction and design, econo¬ mical to manufacture, extremely reliable in operation, not readily subject to breakdown or malfunction, and requires a minimum of maintenance and servicing yet is effective in expressing breastmilk without fouling the equipment.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a breastpump assembly which collects milk from both breasts simultaneously.

To these ends, which will become more readily apparent in regard to the detailed description of various embodiments of the invention which follows, the present invention comprises a hood body or member to which a collecting or catch chamber is connected. At the outlet of the collecting chamber there is provided a valve which closes a passage leading from the collecting chamber to a receiving container. When a vacuum or negative pressure is applied to the hood from a suction device, which may be manually operated or motor driven, the valve closes the collecting chamber outlet to the receiving chamber, but opens the outlet on the return cycle of the pump to force the milk expressed from the collecting chamber into the receiving container.

The valve used is extremely effective, simple in construction, and is easily cleaned. In one embodi¬ ment the valving mechanism comprises a ball valve. In a second and presently preferred construction, the valv¬ ing mechanism comprises a reciprocating disk. In this latter construction, the valving mechanism is part of an adaptor that is removably attached to an extension of the hood that forms part of the collecting chamber, so that the valve can be readily removed for cleaning.

It will be noted that due to the provision of the collecting or catch chamber with a valve, milk can be pumped to a receiving container in the form of a plastic bag, since the vacuum or negative pressure no longer affects the receiving container. MoreoveV, an overflow can be avoided, since the valve opens promptly and the expressed milk quickly flows into the receiving container.

A baffle arrangement is further used in con¬ junction with the valve mechanism to prevent milk from passing into the vacuum line or from reaching the vacuum pump.

The present invention also provides a breast¬ pump that, in a manual mode (i.e., using a piston pump that is hand operated), applies a governed vacuum to express milk from the breast. With an electric motor driven pneumatic pump, its maximum vacuum and timing are governed by the machine and remains relatively constant. With hand-driven piston pumps, too much vacuum could be applied to the breast and for an undesirably long interval, depending on the speed and length of stroke with which the woman is operating the piston ^• pump. The present invention provides for a vacuum re¬ lease within the piston cylinder that automatically releases the vacuum as soon as the maximum desired vacuum is reached at the end of a predetermined stroke.

The present invention also provides for the adjustment of the vacuum level in the hand-driven piston pump application of the invention. This is ac¬ complished in a preferred form of the invention through the use of a rotatable ring on the piston cylinder that selectively opens and closes apertures in the cylinder to adjust the flow of air into the cylinder during an evacuation stroke of the piston, and thereby adjust the amount of vacuum generated. The vacuum control is readily manipulated for easy adjustment of the vacuum generated.

The problem of the small breast that does not fit the "standardized" construction of the hood is solved in the present invention by providing an improved con¬ struction for the suction hood which includes at least one adjusting piece having a shape similar to that of the general funnel structure of the main funnel of the hood, and which is insertable into the main hood funnel to reduce the latter' s cross-sectional area. In particular, a preferred funnel-shaped adjusting piece has a generating angle for the outer surface of the adjusting piece funnel which corresponds to the generating angle of the inner surface of the main funnel of the hood, with the inner surface of the adjusting piece having a larger generating angle than that of the inner surface of the main funnel. The adjusting piece effectively reduces the diameter of the main funnel at the base of the main funnel so that the hood can be conveniently used by women with smaller breasts. 1

Yet another object of the present invention is accomplished in the use of a device that enables a single motor driven pneumatic pump to express milk from two breasts simultaneously. The device comprises a y-shaped tubular connector that permits use of two of the foregoing breastpumps at the same time.

The foregoing objects and advantages of the present invention will be further understood upon con¬ sideration of the following detailed description of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a partial vertical sectional view of a first embodiment of a breastpump made in accordance with the present invention in which a ball valve is used;

FIG. 2 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1 showing another embodiment of a breastpump made in accordance with the present invention using a manually driven suction pump mechanism, and employing a disk valve mechanism, and shows as well the use of an adaptor for small breasts;

FIG. 2A is a view similar to that of FIG. 2 showing yet another embodiment of a breastpump made in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2B is an enlarged sectional view of a modified connector for use with a motor driven pump;

FIGS. 3 through 5 show a vacuum adjustment mechanism for use with the manually driven suction pump of the device of FIG. 2A; and

FIG. 6 shows a connector for a double-pump application for use in collecting milk from two breasts simultaneously. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Turning now to FIG. 1, a first embodiment of a breastpump made in accordance with the teachings of the present invention is shown. This arrangement com¬ prises a hood body or hood member 1 having two ends. The first end 2 has a substantially wide cross-section (diameter), and is funnel shaped. During operation of this device, funnel end 2 is placed over the breast of the user. A second end 3 of the hood member consti¬ tutes a generally cylindrical extension of the funnel, and has a cross-section substantially narrower than the cross-section of the end 2. The second end 3 communi¬ cates with a collecting or catch chamber 4 and with a vacuum passage 5 via a short tubular extension 3a.

The vacuum passage 5 also communicates with a vacuum line 6, which in this embodiment is shown as a short stem which is connected with a flexible tube (not shown) that extends to a vacuum or suction pump, such as an electric motor driven pneumatic pump.

The collecting chamber 4 is arranged substan¬ tially immediately after the extension 3a of the hood. Separating means in the form of a depending separation wall 7 (which here is the rear wall of the extension 3a) forms a baffle between the end of the hood ex¬ tension 3a and the collecting chamber 4, and the vacuum line 6. It will be noted that the bottom of the separation wall 7 is below the level of the top end of the vacuum line 6. Milk expressed into the hood member 1 is thus blocked by the separation wall 7 from thereby entering into the vacuum line 6.

At the lower portion of the collecting chamber 4 is a valve mechanism 14. In this embodiment, this valve mechanism 14 is a ball-type valve having a ball 22 captured within a cage 23 formed in the bottom of a cup-like receptacle 4a that defines the majority of the collecting chamber 4. The top of the ball valve cage

23 has an upper opening 24 which is opened and closed by action of the ball 22. Opening 24 constitutes the outlet for the collecting chamber 4. In operation, the application of a suction or negative pressure to the hood member 1 and collecting chamber 4 by the suction pump connected to the vacuum line 6 causes the ball 22 to be drawn upwardly (as shown in FIG. 1) to close the upper opening 24. Milk expressed through the suction action will thus collect in the collecting chamber 4.

Release of the negative pressure will thereupon cause the ball 22 to drop free of the opening 24 allowing the milk to flow around the ball through the ball valve cage 23 and into a container or receptacle 12.

The collecting receptacle 4a is of a size to allow a typical volume of milk expressed in a single stroke to collect without overflowing, with the action of the ball valve being sufficiently -quick to release the milk from the collecting chamber 4 into the container 12 for the next stroke. Milk thus does not substantially collect in the collecting chamber 4 between strokes.

It will be further noted that the collecting chamber receptacle 4a is received in an enlarged portion 26 at the tail-end of the hood member 1. A snap-fit is made using a bead 4c formed around the top edge of the collection chamber receptacle 4a that is received in annular recess 26a. The snap-fit permits easy removal of the collection chamber receptacle 4a and valve mechanism 14 for cleaning, as well as for cleaning of the hood member 1. Also, connecting means in the form of a collar 11 is provided for connection of the hood member 1 and the collecting chamber 4 with the container 12, as through the screw-threaded attach¬ ment of the collar 11 to the neck of the container 12. A second possible embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 2, and employs a valving mechanism hat is different from that of the preceding embodi¬ ment, but operates on the same general principle. This valving mechanism shown in FIG. 2 is not presently pre¬ ferred, with the valving mechanism of FIG. 2A being considered much more advantageous. It will further be understood that like numbers denominate the same general structure or element in all of the various embodiments shown in the FIGS.

In FIG. 2, the suction or vacuum pump is spe¬ cifically shown as a manually driven piston pump 9 having a pump cylinder 9a and a piston 9b which re¬ ciprocates within the cylinder 9a under action of a piston rod 9e. The pump cylinder 9a is connected to the hood member 1 by means of a connecting means or connecting sleeve 10 which forms part of the hood member 1. Connecting sleeve 10 is^' internally screw threaded to match with the screw threads formed on the outer part of an end of the piston cylinder 9a. For¬ ward end 9d of the piston cylinder butts against a shoulder formed around the interior of the connecting sleeve 10 in a substantially air-tight fit. An aper¬ ture 9c is formed in the wall of the piston cylinder 9a at a point which corresponds to what is presently con¬ sidered to be the maximum desired vacuum pressure to be reached on an average stroke of the manually driven piston pump. Once the head of the piston 9b passes beyond this aperture 9c in its downward (vacuum- inducing) stroke, the vacuum produced is automatically released. The piston cylinder has a displacement (volume at full outward stroke) of about 40 cc at the point of vacuum release. I I

The valve 14 in the embodiment of FIG. 2 is of a disk-type valve composed of a tubular housing 15, a perforated plate 16 that extends across the diameter of the housing 15, a disk 17, a guiding member 18 and a stop member 19. The disk 17 is adapted to travel along the guide 18 between a closed and an open position of the valve 14.

The valve 14 includes an upper chamber 20 which forms part of the collecting chamber 4, and col¬ lects milk when the valve 14 is in a closed position (with the disk 17 in facial engagement with the bottom of the perforated plate 16, thereby closing the open¬ ings 16' of the perforated plate). The tubular housing 15 of valve 14 is removably attached to the hood member 1 by means of a suitable releasable closure attaching means 21. In this embodiment of the invention, this attaching means is accomplished through a threaded engagement with the hood extension 3a.

During the operation of the embodiment of FIG. 2, the hood member 1 is held against the breast of the user with the main funnel body or portion 31 sur¬ rounding the nipple and adjacent breast. An intermit¬ tent vacuum is created by operation of the pump 9. The vacuum created in the collecting chamber 4 causes the disk 17 to be lifted to an upper position which seal- ingly closes apertures 16' of the perforated plate 16.

Due to the sealing engagement between an inside portion of the main funnel body 31 of the hood member 1 and the breast during the application of the vacuum, the milk is sucked from the breast of the user. The force of gravity causes the milk to be accumulated in the collecting chamber 4, particularly in the upper portion 20 of the valve housing 15. As soon as the negative pressure is discontinued, the disk 17 drops into its lower position and the milk which has been collected in the collecting chamber 4 thereby flows downwardly into the container 12. Separation wall 7 combines with a rear wall 8 of the hood member extension 3a to form a baffle to prevent milk from reaching the vacuum line 6. This baffle forms a more restricted vacuum passage 5 than that of FIG. 1 for better protection of the vacuum line 6.

Yet another embodiment of the invention is depicted in FIG. 2A. This embodiment differs from that of FIG. 2 only in respect of the valve 14 and an insert or adjusting piece 36 which is inserted into the main funnel body 31. This adjustment piece 36 will be dis¬ cussed in further detail hereafter.

The valve mechanism 14 of FIG. 2A also uses a disk-member 17' as the valve member, but does away with a guiding member such as that illustrated at 18 of FIG. 2. Instead, disk 17' is captured within a tubular shaped valve housing 15' that has an upper portion 15a and a lower portion 15b. Lower portion 15b has a slightly smaller interior diameter than that of the upper portion 15a. A small gap 15c is formed between the upper and lower portions 15a, 15b within which the disk 17' is captured and vertically reciprocates. Ribs 15d connect the top and the bottom portions 15a, 15b. Nibs 17a formed on the disk 17' extend beyond the inboard edge of the top portion 15a to further locate the disk member 17' within the gap 15c. These nibs 17a abut against the bottom edge of the upper housing portion 15a when the housing 15' is removed from the hood member 1.

When the vacuum pump 9 is operated with the embodiment of FIG. 2A, the disk 17' is caused to move upwardly under vacuum where it contacts and seats against the bottom edge or lip of an extended length 3b of tubular extension 3a, thus closing the upper portion 20 of the housing 15' and thereby closing the collecting chamber 4. When the vacuum is released, the disk 17' drops from the foregoing seat and rests upon stand-off bosses 15f formed on the top of the lower housing portion 15b. This allows the milk collected in the upper housing portion 20 and collecting chamber 4 to flow downwardly into the container 12.

As in the embodiment of FIG. 2, the valve 14 of this embodiment is also releasably attached to the end of the hood member 1. That attachment takes the form of a split-collar arrangement for the upper hous¬ ing portion 15a, as shown by the slot 15e formed in the upper portion 15a. The internal diameter of the upper portion 15a is slightly smaller than the outside dia¬ meter of the lengthened portion 3b of extension 3a of the hood end. The slotted portion 15a can thus be releasably wedged on the lengthened portion 3b.

An adjusting piece 36 is shown in both FIGS. 2 and 2A comprising a funnel-shaped section 37 that is made integral with a cylindrical portion 38 that forms an extension of the funnel section 37. The extension portion 38 abuts against the inner surface of a similar cylindrical portion 32 that forms an extension of the main funnel 31 of the hood member 1 through the use of wing-shaped rib or distance pieces 39, 40. The adjust¬ ing piece 36 reduces the diameter of the base of main funnel 31 for use of the breastpump with smaller^'breasts.

The generating angle of the outer surface of the funnel 37 of the adjusting piece 36 corresponds to the generating angle of the inner surface of the main funnel 31. The generating angle of the inner surface of the adjusting piece funnel 37 is slightly larger, however, and thus decreases the operative cross-section of the main funnel 31. The adjusting piece 36 thus reduces the opening into the extension 32 of the hood member 1. This enables the main funnel 31 to still abut a significant amount of the breast along a large distance from the nipple without a smaller breast being sucked into the extension 38 of the adjusting piece 36. ιH It will also be noted that the funnel 37 of the adjusting piece 36 terminates in a sharp edge 37a to lie ridgelessly on the inner surface of the main funnel 31. This sharp edge 37a provides a good seal between the adjusting piece funnel 37 and the main funnel 31. This in turn provides a correct seal between the breast and the main funnel 31, the result of which is that no significant amount of air will be sucked by the breastpump during use. This sharp-edge engagement between the adjusting piece funnel 37 and the main funnel 31 also provides a smooth surface within the hood member 1 that prevents irritation of the breast during use of the breastpump.

Extension 38 of the adjusting piece 36 is long enough to accommodate the full length of the com¬ pressed nipple therein without the nipple extending significantly beyond an inner end 38a of the adjusting piece. The suction force upon the breast nipple causes the nipple areola to extend radially, with the nipple desirably pressed on the inner surface of the adjusting piece 36 but not beyond the inner end 38a of the exten¬ sion 38 . As shown in FIG. 2, the adjusting piece exten¬ sion 38 is approximately half as long as the extension 32 of the main funnel 31. Adjusting piece 36 has a slightly longer extension 38 in the embodiment of FIG. 2A.

The present invention also provides for adjust¬ ment of the amount of vacuum generated during manual pumping. This feature of the invention is illustrated in FIG.^' 2A and particularly in FIGS. 3 through 5, which show a modification made to the type of hand-operated piston pump 9 of FIG. 2.

A pair of spaced apart apertures in the form of pin holes 50a and 50b are formed through the pump cylinder 9a adjacent the end 9d of the piston cylinder. ^< S

The pin holes 50a, 50b each have a diameter of about

.6 mm. A ring 51 carried on the piston cylinder 9a overlies the cylinder holes 50a, 50b. An interior chamber or channel 50a is formed on the inside of the ring 51. This interior channel 51a is sufficiently long to allow both of the holes 50a, 50b to fit within the channel 51a simultaneously (FIG. 5). The channel 51a has openings 51b at either end that are open to atmosphere. The ring 51 is preferably made out of a flexible or semi-flexible rubber-like material that grips the outside of the pump cylinder 9a and enables a good seal to be maintained between the ring and the piston cylinder.

The ring 51 is designed to be rotated on the piston cylinder to positions indicated as "Maximum", "Medium" and "Minimum" vacuum, as illustrated in the FIGS. 3 through 5. Maximum vacuum (FIG. 3) has neither hole 50a or 50b within the area of the channel 51a. The holes 50a, 50b are covered by the ring 51 and no air enters the piston cylinder 9a therethrough.

Medium vacuum is established by rotating the ring 51 so that hole 50b is within the channel 51a. Air can thus enter through the channel openings 51b into the channel 51a and through the hole 50b into the pump cylinder 9a to thereby modify the vacuum (FIG. 4) .

Minimum vacuum is established by rotating the ring 51 so that both of the holes 50a, 50b are located within the channel 51a (FIG. 5). The amount of vacuum or pull on the breast generated by the manual pump 9 can thus be readily adjusted by the user as circum¬ stances warrant.

Yet another feature of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 6 for operating two breastpumps simultaneously. This is possible when using an electric motor driven pneumatic pump. Two of the breastpumps illustrated in any of FIGS. 1, 2, or 2A could be used in this application. FIG. 6 illustrates a device to be used when expressing milk from both breasts simultaneously that is particularly adapted for use with the breastpumps of FIGS. 2 and 2A, however. This device comprises a Y-shaped connector formed from a flexible base hose or tube 53 and flexible extension hoses or tubes 54 and 55, the latter tubes forming the arms of the Y. A Y-shaped hollow connector piece 56 includes a plurality of attachment stems that the respective tubes 53 through 55 fit over.

One end of the base tube 53 is connected via a hollow connector piece 57 to the output of a suitable motor driven pneumatic pump 58. Ends of the extension tubes 54, 55 fit over nipples 59 formed on a screw- threaded adapter 60. The nipples 59 have an internal opening 59a which extends into a tubular portion 61 of the adapter 60. Adapters 60 are specifically designed for use in the embodiments of FIGS. 2 and 2A, and are screw threaded to the sleeve 10 in place of the manually driven pump 9. The embodiments of the breastpump depicted in these two FIGS, can thus be used with a motor driven vacuum pump as well as with a manually driven piston pump.

FIG. 2B illustrates another adaptation for the breast pump of this invention which enables hook-up to a pneumatic pump (such as pump 58). A tubular con¬ nector 62 has an end sized to snuggly fit, in an inter¬ ference fit, within a widened opening 5a to the vacuum channel 5, which is provided with an elbow-type bend to this end. A flange 62a around the middle of the con¬ nector 62 serves as a stop within the elbow, and also forms a stop for a tube 63 which is connected to the other end of the connector 62. The tube is connected at its opposite end to a motor driven pump. No adapter, such as adapter 60, is thus necessary with this embodi¬ ment using the connector 62. n

Thus, while the invention has been described with reference to certain present embodiments, those skilled in this art will recognize modifications of structure, arrangement, composition and the like that can be made to the present invention, yet still fall within the scope of the invention as hereafter claimed.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A breastpump comprising: a hood body for placement over a breast, said hood body having a main funnel-shaped portion within which the breast is received and a tubular extension extending downstream from said main funnel portion; means for connecting said tubular extension of said hood body with a vacuum line to periodically withdraw air from said hood body in a manner that draws the breast into said main funnel portion and thereby expresses milk from the breast into said tubular extension; a wall formed interiorally of said tubular extension separating said vacuum line connecting means from the breastmilk flow, said wall depending from an upper interior side wall of said tubular extension with said vacuum line connecting means having a connection with said tubular extension above the bottom of said wall, said wall forming a baffle preventing milk from entering said vacuum line; a catch chamber for expressed milk connected with said tubular extension, said catch chamber being located downstream from said tubular extension and having an inlet and an outlet; a valve mechanism located at said catch chamber outlet, said valve mechanism having a valve member which closes said catch chamber outlet when a vacuum is applied to said hood body and opens said catch chamber outlet when said vacuum is removed; means for removably attaching said valve mechanism to said hood body adjacent said catch chamber such that said hood mechanism can be readily removed for cleaning; and a container communicating with said catch chamber and valve mechanism to receive and hold milk released through said catch chamber outlet.

2. The breastpump of claim 1 wherein the valve mechanism comprises a tubular valve housing having a circumferential slot formed therethrough dividing said housing into an upper portion and a lower portion, said upper and lower housing portions being joined together by connecting means which does not substantially obstruct said slot, a solid disk-shaped valve member sized larger than said collecting chamber outlet and adapted to seat against a lip defining said outlet when a vacuum is applied to said hood body to thereby close said outlet, said valve member being captured for movement within said circumferential slot.

3. The breastpump of claim 2 wherein said disk- shaped valve member has radially extended nibs which engage an edge formed on the bottom of said upper valve housing portion when said valve mechanism is not attached to said hood body, with ribs extended between said upper and lower valve housing portions forming said valve housing portion connecting means, said ribs preventing lateral movement of said disk-shaped valve member out of said circumferential slot, and stand-off bosses formed on said lower housing portion on which said disk-shaped valve member rests in the absence of vacuum.

4. The breastpump of claim 3 wherein said upper valve housing portion is in the form of a split collar, said split collar having a longitudinally extending slot formed therein along part of its length, said upper valve housing portion being removably attached to said collecting chamber by pressing said split collar onto a tubular portion of said catch chamber, said split collar having an interior diameter slightly smaller than the outside diameter of said catch chamber tubular portion so that said split collar is stretched radially out¬ wardly by said catch chamber tubular portion and thereby wedged in placed thereon.

5. The breastpump of claim 4 wherein said valve housing circumferential slot is located immediately below said outlet lip when said valve mechanism is attached to said collecting chamber, said disk-shaped valve member seating against said outlet lip which lip is formed on the end of said catch chamber tubular portion.

6. The breastpump of claim 1 wherein said valve mechanism comprises a ball valve in a cage which is located at the downstream end of a cup-shaped receptacle, said receptacle having an upper circular edge with a circumferential bead formed about said circular edge, said bead being received in an annular groove formed about the interior of said hood in the area of said collecting chamber with said valve mechanism snap- fitting to said hood body.

7. The breastpump of claim 1 wherein said valve member comprises a tubular valve housing having a per¬ forated plate extending across the interior of said tubular housing, and a disk-shaped valve member movable on a pin that is connected to said perforated plate to close said perforations when a vacuum is applied to said hood body.

8. A breastpump comprising: a hood body for placement over a breast, said hood body having a main funnel-shaped portion within which the breast is received and a tubular extension extending downstream from said main funnel portion; a connecting sleeve formed with said tubular extension for connecting said tubular extension with a vacuum line to periodically withdraw air from said hood body in a manner that draws the breast into the funnel portion and thereby expresses milk from the breast into said tubular extension, said connecting sleeve having means formed thereon for connection with a manually driven pneumatic pump as well as a motor driven pneumatic pump; a wall formed interiorally of said tubular extension separating said vacuum line connecting means from the milk flow, said wall forming a baffle preventing milk from entering said vacuum line; a catch chamber for expressed milk connected with said tubular extension, said catch chamber being located downstream from said tubular extension and having an inlet and an outlet; a valve mechanism located at said catch chamber outlet, said valve mechanism having a valve member which closes said catch chamber outlet when a vacuum is applied to said hood body and opens said catch chamber outlet once the vacuum is removed; and a receiving container communicating with said catch chamber and valve mechanism to receive and hold milk released through said catch chamber outlet.

9. The breastpump of claim 8 wherein said con¬ necting sleeve is screw-threaded foi- engagement with a screw-threaded end of a manually driven single piston pneumatic pump and for engagement with a screw-threaded adapter for a motor-driven pneumatic pump, said motor¬ ized pump adapter comprising a threaded member engage- able with said connecting sleeve and having a bore ex¬ tended through said threaded member with an exterior connector for said bore to which a hose from said motor driven pneumatic pump can be connected, said motorized pump adapter and said manually driven pneumatic pump being usable interchangeably with said breastpump.

10. The breastpump of claim 9 wherein a pair of said motorized pump adapters are provided for use with a pair of breastpumps, said adapters each being con¬ nected by a length of hose to a Y-shaped tubular con¬ nector, a third length of hose connecting said tubular connector to the output end of a motor driven pneumatic pump.

11. The breastpump of claim 9 wherein a pair of said motorized pump adapters are provided for use with a pair of breastpumps, said adapters being connected to the ends of a Y-shaped length of hose with a third end of said hose being connected with the output end of a motor driven pneumatic pump.

12. The breastpump of claim 1 further including an adjusting piece insertable into said main funnel portion to reduce the interior cross-sectional area of the base of said main funnel portion adjacent said main funnel tubular extension, said funnel-shaped adjusting piece having a funnel portion and a cylindrical extension that is insertable into said main funnel tubular exten¬ sion, said extension of said adjusting piece being suf¬ ficiently long to receive a nipple therein without said nipple extending beyond the downstream end of said adjusting piece extension, distance pieces formed on said extension of said adjusting piece spacing and lo¬ cating said adjusting piece extension relative to said main funnel tubular extension, a generating angle of an outer surface of said adjusting piece funnel portion corresponding to a generating angle of an inner surface of said main funnel portion, an inner surface of said adjusting piece funnel having a larger generating angle than the generating angle of the outer surface thereof, with a sharp edge being formed about the upstream end of said adjusting piece funnel which sharp edge lies ridgelessly on said inner surface of said main funnel portion.

13. The breastpump of claim 8 further including an adjusting piece insertable into said main funnel portion to reduce the interior cross-sectional area of the base of said main funnel portion adjacent said main funnel tubular extension, said adjusting piece having a funnel portion and an extension that is insertable into said tubular main funnel extension, said extension of said adjusting piece being sufficiently long to receive a nipple therein without said nipple extending beyond the downstream end of said adjusting piece extension, distance pieces formed on said extension of said adjusting piece spacing and locating said adjusting piece extension relative to said main funnel tubular extension, a generating angle of an outer surface of said adjusting piece funnel portion corresponding to a generating angle of an inner surface of said main funnel portion, an inner surface of said adjusting piece funnel having a larger generating angle than the generating angle of the outer surface thereof, with a sharp edge being formed about the upstream end of said adjusting piece funnel which sharp edge lies ridgelessly on said inner surface of said main funnel portion.

14. The breastpump of claim 8 wherein said breast¬ pump includes a manually driven piston pump engageable with said connecting sleeve, said piston pump comprising a piston head mounted for reciprocal movement within a piston chamber under action of a hand-driven piston rod, said piston cylinder having at least one aperture formed therein communicating with said piston chamber, and means for opening and closing said aperture to adjust the amount of vacuum generated in said piston chamber when said piston pump is operated.

15. The breastpump of claim 8 wherein said breast¬ pump includes a manually driven piston pump engageable with said connecting sleeve, said piston pump comprising a piston head mounted for reciprocal movement within a piston cylinder under action of a hand-driven piston rod, said piston cylinder having at least two apertures formed therein communicating with said piston chamber, a ring mounted to rotate on the exterior of said piston cylinder, said ring having an interior channel formed therein which communicates with atmosphere and which is rotated with said ring to selectively uncover said apertures to thereby adjust the amount of vacuum gener¬ ated in said piston chamber when said piston pump is operated.

16. The breastpump of claim 15 wherein neither aperture is exposed within said ring channel for maximum vacuum, two apertures are exposed within said ring channel for a minimum vacuum, and one aperture is exposed within said ring channel for an intermediate vacuum between said maximum and minimum vacuums.

17. A breastpump comprising: a hood body for placement over a breast, said hood body having a main funnel-shaped portion within which the breast is received and a tubular extension extending downstream from said main funnel portion; a manually driven piston pump engaged with said tubular extension along a vacuum line for genera¬ ting an intermittent vacuum in said hood body, said piston pump comprising a piston head mounted for reciprocal movement within a piston cylinder under action of a hand-driven piston rod, said piston cylinder having at least one aperture formed therein communicating with said piston chamber, and means for opening and closing said aperture to adjust the amount of vacuum generated in said piston chamber when said piston pump is operated; a baffle formed interiorally of said tubular extension separating said vacuum line from breastmilk flow, said baffle preventing milk from entering said vacuum line; a catch chamber for expressed milk connected with said tubular extension, said catch chamber being located downstream from said tubular extension and having an inlet and an outlet; a valve mechanism located at said outlet end of said catch chamber, said valve mechanism having a valve member which closes said catch chamber outlet when a vacuum is applied to said hood body and opens said catch chamber outlet once the vacuum is removed; and a receiving container communicating with said catch chamber and valve mechanism to receive and hold milk released through said catch chamber outlet.

18. The breastpump of claim 17 wherein said piston cylinder has at least two apertures formed therein com¬ municating with said piston chamber, a ring mounted to rotate on the exterior of said piston cylinder exterior, said ring having an interior channel formed therein which communicates with atmosphere and which is rotated with said ring to selectively uncover said apertures to thereby adjust the amount of vacuum generated in said piston chamber when said piston pump is operated.

19. A manually driven piston pump with an adjust¬ able piston chamber pressure, comprising: a piston head mounted for reciprocal movement within a piston cylinder under action of a hand-driven piston rod, said piston cylinder having at least one aperture formed therein communicating with said piston chamber, and means for opening and closing said aperture to adjust the amount of vacuum generated in said piston chamber when said piston pump is operated.

20. The piston pump of claim 19 wherein said piston cylinder has at least two apertures formed therein com¬ municating with said piston chamber, a ring mounted to rotate on said piston cylinder exterior, said ring having an interior channel formed therein which communicates with atmosphere and which is rotated with said ring to selectively uncover said apertures to thereby adjust the amount of vacuum generated in said piston chamber when said piston pump is operated.

21. A suction hood for an apparatus for removing mother's milk comprising: a main body having the shape of a funnel within which the breast is received; an adjusting piece also having the shape of a funnel, said adjusting piece being insertable into said main body funnel to alter at least a portion of the cross-sectional area of said main funnel body at the base of said funnel adjacent a substantially cylindrical extension of said main funnel body, said funnel-shaped adjusting piece having a cylindrical extension insert- able into said cylindrical extension of said main funnel body, said cylindrical extension of said adjusting piece being sufficiently long to receive a nipple therein without said nipple extending beyond the downstream end of said adjusting piece extension, distance pieces formed on said extension of said adjust¬ ing piece spacing and locating said adjusting piece extension relative to said tubular extension of said main funnel body, a generating angle of an outer sur¬ face of said adjusting piece funnel corresponding to a generating angle of the inner surface of said main funnel body, an inner surface of said adjusting piece funnel having a larger generating angle than the genera¬ ting angle of the outer surface thereof, with a sharp edge being formed about the upstream edge of said ad¬ justing piece funnel which sharp edge lies ridgelessly on said inner surface of said main funnel body.

22. A breastpump comprising: a hood body for placement over a breast, said hood body having a main funnel-shaped portion within which the breast is received and a tubular extension extended downstream from said main funnel portion; a connecting sleeve formed with said tubular extension of said main funnel for connecting said tubular extension with a vacuum line to periodically withdraw air from said hood body in a manner that draws the breast into said hood body and thereby expresses milk from the breast into said main funnel tubular ex¬ tension, said connecting sleeve having screw-threads for engagement with a screw-threaded end of a manually driven single piston pneumatic pump and for engagement with an adapter for a motor driven pneumatic pump, said motorized pump adapter comprising a screw-threaded member engageable with said connecting sleeve with a bore ex¬ tending through said threaded member and an exterior connector for said bore to which a hose from said motor- driven pneumatic pump can be connected, said motorized pump adapter and said manually driven pump being useable interchangeably with said breastpump; said manually driven piston pump comprising a piston head mounted for reciprocal movement within a piston cylinder under action of a hand-drive piston rod, said piston cylinder having at least two apertures formed therein communicating with said piston chamber, a ring mounted to rotate on said piston cylinder ex¬ terior, said ring having an interior channel formed therein which communicates with atmosphere and which is rotated with said ring to selectively uncover said apertures to thereby adjust the amount of vacuum gener¬ ated in said piston chamber when said piston pump is operated; a wall formed interiorally of said tubular extension separating said connecting sleeve and thereby the vacuum line from milk flow, said wall depending from an upper interior side wall of said main funnel tubular extension with said vacuum line connecting sleeve communicating with said tubular extension above the bottom of said wall, said wall forming a baffle preventing milk from entering said vacuum line; a catch chamber for expressed milk connected with said main funnel tubular extension, said catch chamber being located downstream from said main funnel tubular extension and having an inlet end and an outlet; a valve mechanism located at said catch chamber outlet, said valve mechanism comprising a tubular valve housing has a circumferential slot formed therethrough dividing said housing into an upper and a lower portion, said upper and lower portions being joined together by ribs extending between said upper and lower valve housing portions which ribs to not substantially obstruct said slot, a solid disk-shaped valve member sized larger than said collecting chamber outlet and adapted to seat against a lip defining said outlet when a vacuum is applied to said hood body to thereby close said outlet, said valve member being captured for movement within said circumferential slot with said ribs preventing lateral movement of said disk-shaped valve member out of said circumferential slot, stand-off bosses being formed on said lower housing portion on which said disk-shaped valve member rests in the absence of^"vacuum, said disk-shaped valve member having radially extending nibs which engage an edge formed on the bottom of said upper valve housing portion when said valve mechanism is not attached to said hood body, said upper valve housing portion being in the form of a split-collar have a longitudinally extending slot formed therein along part of its length, said upper valve housing portion being removably attached to said collecting chamber by pressing said split-collar onto a tubular portion of said catch chamber, said split-collar having an interior diameter slightly smaller than the outside diameter of said catch chamber tubular portion so that -50 said split-collar is stretched radially outwardly by said catch chamber tubular portion and thereby wedged in place thereon, said valve housing circumferential slot being located immediately below said outlet lip when said valve mechanism is attached to said collecting chamber to enable said disk-shaped valve member to seat against said catch chamber outlet lip; a container communicating with said catch chamber and valve mechanism to receive and hold milk released through said catch chamber outlet; and an adjusting piece insertable into said main funnel portion to reduce the interior cross-sectional area of the base of said main funnel portion adjacent said tubular main funnel extension, said adjusting piece having a funnel portion and a cylindrical exten¬ sion of said adjusting piece funnel portion that is insertable into said main funnel tubular extension, said adjusting piece extension being sufficiently long to receive a nipple therein without said nipple extending beyond the downstream end of said adjusting piece exten¬ sion, distance pieces formed on said adjusting piece extension spacing and locating said adjusting piece extension relative to said main funnel tubular exten¬ sion, a generating angle of an outer surface of said adjusting piece funnel portion corresponding to a generating angle of an inner surface of said main funnel portion, an inner surface of said adjusting piece funnel portion having a larger generating angle than the generating angle of the outer surface thereof, with a sharp edge being formed about the upstream end of said adjusting piece funnel which sharp edge lies ridgelessly on said inner surface of said main funnel portion.