Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
  • E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
  • E01C3/06—Methods or arrangements for protecting foundations from destructive influences of moisture, frost or vibration
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
  • E02D31/10—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against soil pressure or hydraulic pressure
  • E02D31/14—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against soil pressure or hydraulic pressure against frost heaves in soil

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an insulating structure which can be used to prevent soil from freezing to an extent such as to cause so-called frost damage, and also for other insulating purposes, e.g. in roof insulations, and which comprises two sections, each including a plurality of mutually adjacent insulating slabs or sheets.
• the road pavement structure includes a sub-base which forms the lowermost layer of the road pavement structure and which normally consists of gravel-like or sand-like material.
• this layer will prevent the transport of water from the road sub-structure to the upper layer of the pavement structure and will reduce the bearing capacity of the road and increase the risk of frost damage thereto.
• the thickness of the sub-base varies in dependence on just how prone the road sub-structure is to frost damage, and in unfavourable circumstances may in each case reach, one meter.
• ground insulation intended for preventing frost damage to walls, building foundations, courtyards, parking lots and like structures has comprised almost exclu ⁇ sively of cellular plastic insulating slabs or blocks which are laid out manually, edge to edge and one at a time on a smooth bed of sand.
• pegs or stakes are normally driven into the ground, through the slabs in the outer rows and sand is often heaped on the slabs as they are laid out, in order to prevent the slabs from moving in relation to one another during subsequent working operations.
• the task of laying out the slabs by hand is both laborious and time consuming, and thus a very expensive method of providing protection against frost damage.
• an object of this invention is to provide an insulating structure which will function effectively as a protection against frost and which is also .v ⁇ ell suited for other insulating purposes, e.g. as roof insulation. and which can be readily laid out and placed in position without risk ⁇ ing the occurrence of thermal bridges or water permeable spaces or gaps in the laid insulation. Furthermore, when required or if so desired, it should be possible to use sub ⁇ stantially cheaper material in the insulating structure than was hitherto possible in the construction of an effective protection against frost.
• Figure 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the inventive insu ⁇ lating structure
• Figure 2 is a sectional view in larger scale taken essentially on the line II-II in Figure 1
• Figure 3 is a perspective view of a supplementary element which is complementary to the Figure 1 embodiment and which is effective in the construction of a double layer of insu ⁇ lation
• Figure ' is a sectional view of an insulating struc ⁇ ture incorporating the supplementary element
• Figure 5 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the inven- tive insulating structure
• Figure 6 is a perspective view of an upper or lower part of this latter embodiment
• Figure 7 is a perspective view of this latter structure part when folded-up and ready to be packaged, transported and laid out
• Figure 8 is a perspective view of a folded intermediate part of the embodiment illustrated in Figures 5 and 6;
• Figures 9 and 10 illustrate a hinged configuration of a part of the inventive insulating structure and show the part in a flat state and in an angled state respectively;
• Figure 11 illustrates a hinged configuration of the upper part of the Figure 1 embodiment and shows said upper part when angled;
• Fi ⁇ ure 12 is a longitudinal sectional view of a tapering embodiment of the present invention;
• Figure 13 illustrates laying of the inventive insulating structure;
• Figure 1* illustrates the use of the hinged embodiment illustrated in Figure 11.
• the inventive insulating structure which can be used to eliminate the risk of soil freezing or for other insulating purposes, includes at least one base section 1 and a top section 2, each of which has a mat-like configuration and can be produced in any desired length.
• Each such section 1, 2 includes a respective carrier foil 3 and 4 made of water- impermeable plastics material, and a plurality of mutually adjacent insulating slabs 5 and 6, the numbers of which correspond to the lengths of respective carrier foils and which are bonded -to said foils, e.g. as by gluing or stap ⁇ ling.
• the foils may cover the slabs 5 and 6, either comple ⁇ tely or partially, and may also be made wider than the slabs, as illustrated by the chain line 7 in Figure 1.
• the interspacing of the slabs 5 in the base section 1 is determined by the widths of the slabs 6 in the top section 2, such that the slabs 6 of the top section will fit into the spaces ⁇ between respective slabs of the base section 1, and vice versa.
• the top section 1 is placed on top of and fitted to the base section 2, there is formed an integratd insulating layer which exhibits no thermal bridges and which is protected against moisture and water penetra ⁇ tion from both beneath and above the foil coverings 3, 4 of the two sections.
• the insulating slabs of both the top and bottom sec ⁇ tions 1, 2 are composed of an insulating material which is water repellent in itself, e.g. extruded styrene cellulose plastic having a bulk density from 30- 0 kg/ir- , there can be used in principle, a foil material which is moisture per ⁇ meable. Neither need the foil cover the insulating slabs completely, since in this case it suffices for the foil to cover said slabs solely to an extent at which said foil will function as a carrier for the slabs of respective sections and fixate the mutual positions of said slabs, in the inten- ded manner.
• the slabs 4, 5 of both the top and base section of the inventive insulating structure have a trapezoidal cross-sec ⁇ tional shape, which is advantageous for the reason that a wedge effect is achieved between the slabs 4, 5 of said sec ⁇ tions and therewith a sealing interface abutment there ⁇ between, and also because the foil in both the top section and the base section will be stretched at the same time as the base section slabs 4 are mutually locked in a manner which is ' so effective as to enable the slabs to take-up loads exerted both from above and from beneath, e.g. frost heave, without appreciable movement between the slabs.
• the slabs 5, 6 of respective sections may have cross- sectional shapes other than that illustrated, e.g. a rec- tangular cross-section, although the illustrated cross-sec ⁇ tion is preferred because of the wedging and locking effect obtained between -the top and base sections 1, 2 when the insulating structure is under load.
• the insulating slabs 6 of the top section 1 may have the same width as the plates 5 of the base section 2, in the case shown in Figures 5-7, or may be wider than said slabs 5. As a rule, however, the top section slabs 5 will be narrower than the base section slabs, as in the case of the Figures 1 and 2 embodiment in which the top section slabs have a bar or strip shape and which may even have -a width smaller than twice the slab thickness.
• the base section 1 and the top section 2 correspond to one another, as is illu ⁇ strated in Figures 6 and 7 by the inclusion of bracketed reference numerals corresponding to the top section 2.
• the inventive insulating structure may include at least one interlay or complementary section 9, as illustra ⁇ ted in Figure 3 and Figure 4, by means of which the insula- ting thickness of the insulating structure can be doubled. Obviously, this thickness can be trippled, etc., by inclu ⁇ ding a further' interlay 9, or further interlays.
• the interlay illustrated in Figure 3 belongs to the embodi- ment illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 and includes a carrier foil 10, which need not necessarily be moisture proof, with one side of the foil joined to insulating slabs 11 which correspond exactly to the slabs 6 of the top section 2, and with the opposite side of the foil joined to insulating slabs 12, which correspond exactly to the slabs of the base section 1, the slabs 11, 12 on both sides of the foil 10 of said interlay 9 being joined mutually with the foil 10 so that the longitudinal centre lines of said slabs mutually coincide or lie in one and the same plane at right angles to said foil 10.
• a carrier foil 10 which need not necessarily be moisture proof
• Figure 4 is a sectional view showing an insulating structure according to the Figure 1 and 2 embodiment laid on a founda ⁇ tion surface and incorporating an interlay 9, with the bar ⁇ like slabs 11 of said interlay located between the base sec- tion slabs 5 and the insulating slabs 12 of said interlay located between the bar-like insulating slabs 6 of the top section.
• the aforesaid interlocking effect between the slabs of the various sections is also obtained in this case.
• FIG. 8 illustrates an interlay for the embodiment of
• Figures 5 and 6 in a folded state in order to show that such interlays can also be packaged with their respective insulating slabs in mutual abutment, when the distance between the slabs is at least equal to twice the slab thickness.
• the base section 1 and the top section 2 can be hinged with their respective foils 3 and 4 serving as hinge means ( Figures 9-11), by dividing each individual slab located on a foil 3, 4 into two parts (cutting through said slabs) in one and the same longitudinally extending plane 13, or by arranging two slabs 5 and two slabs 6 in respective edge-to-edge abutment, with the mutually opposing edges of respective slabs being left free from one another and lying in said common plane 13.
• Such a hinged part 1, 2 can thus be swung through 180° in one direction.
• a hinged base section 1 can be used, for instance, for insulating both side surfaces of a corner structure, wherewith if the one corner surface is vertical, a top section associated with said base section can be nailed, stapled or glued to the base section part.which covers the vertical surface.
• the base section slabs 5 have decreased thickness in a direction towards one end of the insulating structure, as do also the slabs 6 of the top section, wherewith each such slab 6 decreases in thickness in its transverse direction, either continuously or dis- continuously, with a total reduction in thickness corres ⁇ ponding to the difference in thickness between two mutually adjacent slabs 5 in the base section 1.
• the decrease in thickness of the slabs 6 in the top section is discontinuous.
• FIGS 13 and 14 illustrate the orientation of inventive insulating structures in forming a frost protector in a road construction.
• This frost protector or insulating structure is formed by first placing a plurality of base sections 1 in mutually adjacent relationship, with the plastic layer 3 towards a well smoothed, previously prepared bed 15 of sand or like material. Top sections 2 are then placed on the base sections 1, while ensuring that each top section 2 extends over two mutually adjacent base sections 1, such as to cover the join 16 between two base sections, the edge parts being covered by top' sections 2 of corresponding widths, e.g. half the normal width.
• the respective foils 4 and 3 of said sections can be caused to extend somewhat beyond the one end edge of the slabs, such as to form flaps 7 (see also Figure 1) which overlap the foils 5 and 6 of respective adjacent sections.
• the end surfaces of the slabs can be coated with a water repelling material, so as to prevent the ingress of moisture into said edges.
• a mate ⁇ rial filling 17 can be applied to the top of the resultant
• Insulating structure formed by surface laid sections 1, 2, whereby the sections 1, 2 are compressed zo form an imper- vio ' us, coherent insulating structure, while at the same time the plastic layers 3 . 4 on the upper and lower surfaces of the insulation prevent water from coming into contact with the insulating slabs 5, 6, both from beneath and from above, and also from penetrating through the insulation to the pavement structure of said road.
• Figure 14 illustrates one aspect of use of the hinged embo ⁇ diment of a top section according to Figure 1, this aspect being particularly suitable in those instances when one half 18 of the road is to be traffic bound and the other half 19 is to be closed while repairs are carried out thereon.
• the slabs 6 in the top section 2 are divided cen ⁇ trally, wherewith the plastic layer 4 functions as a hinge means which enables one.half of the top section 2 to be fol ⁇ ded up against the edge 20 of the traffic bound road half 18, where it serves as a partition wall between the traffic bound road surface 18 and the filling 21 placed on top of the laid-out insulating structure 1,2 in the road half 19 under repair or construction.
• the present invention enables an insulating structure to be constructed very rapidly, without risk of the slabs included in said structure sliding apart, and also enables, when desired, the insulating plates to be protected against moisture both from beneath and from above.
• the slabs may also be comprised of a substantially cheaper plastics material than was hitherto possible for ground insulating purposes.
• the carrier layer 4 of the top section may comprise tar paper or some other suitable roof covering.
• the carrier layers can be adapted to their intended environments and to their particularly intended purposes. In those instances when the top sections, base sections and/or interlays cannot be stacked with respective slabs lying on or adjacent one another, each such section or interlay can be rolled up and packaged in a tubular wrapper, sleeve or the like.
• An insulating and sub-base layer with very good and long-term acting insulating ability is obtained with the present invention and could be used as reinforce ⁇ ment and strengthening of different kinds of construc- tions and structures which need increased stability and bearing capacity.
• the invention is useful within a number of different fields and as an example of such fields can be mentioned different applications such as for instance roads, railways, planes and parking places, water conduits, wells, road culverts, roofs, foundations, foundation walls and temporary roads on areas with bad bearing capacity and this invention could also be used as ground protection in and for various fields and as reinforcement of slopes and so on. Every such layer can include two or more insulating parts.that each includes insulating plates and a bearing layer joining these in relation to one another.
• the insulating ability of cellular plastics, e g of type EPS, could be improved substantially thanks to the protection to water given by such bearing layers.
• Geotextiles and/or so-called geonets can also be used as bearing layers, preferably when insulating materials with low water absorption are used, e g extruded cellular plastic.
• Geotextiles used as bearing layers mean an increased stabilization and pressure distribution, resulting in the fact, that the inventive device can be used and carried out in a more cost- reducing way.
• Another advantage with this invention is that all types and all thickness of cellular-plastics-based insulating plates can be used as well as other insulating material, such as for instance cork and mineral wool and the like.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Road Paving Structures (AREA)

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Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (3)

Citations (4)

• 1987
  • 1987-10-30 SE SE8704237A patent/SE459187B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1988
  • 1988-10-27 CA CA000581512A patent/CA1337634C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1988-10-28 WO PCT/SE1988/000582 patent/WO1989003913A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1988-10-28 AU AU26213/88A patent/AU2621388A/en not_active Abandoned
• 1990
  • 1990-04-27 FI FI902135A patent/FI89528C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (4)

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