WO1988001471A1

WO1988001471A1 - Seed distributor for sowing machines

Info

Publication number: WO1988001471A1
Application number: PCT/HU1986/000047
Authority: WO
Inventors: Pál UDVARDY; István SEMJÉN; László Szabó
Original assignee: Licencia Találmányokat Értékesito^" És Innovációs
Priority date: 1986-09-05
Filing date: 1986-09-05
Publication date: 1988-03-10

Abstract

The seed distributor described is connected to the sowing element of the machine and comprises a seed guide (3), the upper end of which is connected to the sowing element, whereby the lower end is provided with a flat hoe (5), which during sowing penetrates the soil and continually raises it. The invention is characterized by the fact that an insert (8) for deflecting the seeds is fitted at the seed outlet of the guide (3). Said insert is provided, from the outlet, with seed guide channels (11) which slope towards the rear and fan outwards.

Description

Seed discharge piece for seeders

The invention relates to a seed discharge piece for seed drills, which is connected to the seed elements of seed drills, and is provided with such a seed guide pocket, the upper end of which connects to the seed elements, but the lower ends are each provided with an arching flat-foot hoe that penetrates the soil during sowing is furthermore at the seed outlet of the bag have a deflecting insert which spreads the seed. The workpiece according to the invention can expediently be used on grain machines, but is also for sowing bulbous plants and greens made from grain-like

Use seeds with advantage.

With the different types of crops, "let it get into the ground" is a working phase from of crucial importance, since this process has a very large effect on the quality on the one hand, and on the quantity of the product on the other, and thus also on the harvest yield. For this reason, it is common to design a sowing plan in which the spatial accommodation, arrangement and distribution of the entire seed in the ground is specified and prescribed. However, it has not yet been possible to develop such a solution by means of which an optimal spatial placement of the seeds in the ground would have been achieved.

As it is discussed in detail in the work of the authors BAHHAZI - KOLTAI - SZENDRO - - VENER: "Ackerland-Arbeitsraaschinen" (Agricultural Book Publishing House, Budapest, 1973, pp. 128 - 178), the seed drills common in practice today implement the technology of row sowing . The theoretically possible spreading sowing has so far been implemented in large-scale operations in such a way that the seeds were allowed to reach the soil surface and only then added to the soil in a further operation, with the processing tool mixing the seeds into the soil under pressure. Such a spreading technology is already being used on a large scale today, although the harvest yields that can be achieved in this way by no means achieve the yields that can be brought in with row seeders that are considered to be state-of-the-art today and that have fallen far short of the theoretically achievable harvest yields .

Due to the various theoretical and practical considerations is one in medium soil conditions and the current supply of soil nutrients

Standard practice of the amount of seed to be processed under given conditions came about. When sowing wheat, for example, you have to cover 1 hectare

Arable land 7 million seeds. Then when each of the seeds sprouts, the life rura of each wheat sprout is 14.28 cm ² . It has been shown that such a large habitat is necessary and sufficient for a grain shoot according to our example. In order to achieve this, however, each grain of wheat - based on the above data - would have to be placed at the appropriate depth at the intersection of the diagonals of a square with a side length of 3.78 cm. That would also be desirable because - as is well known - the wheat grain and our other ear plants are the main and lifting roots. Their mean diameter of the root system is about 4 cm when fully developed, but does not exceed 6 cm.

In the normal implementation of "row sowing", which is common today, the neighboring rows are (almost without exception) 12 to 15.4 cm apart. If there are 7 million germs on 1 hectare, there are 84-110 germs per linear meter in each row, but this means the following: While the roots of the plant sticks in a row disturb, displace and grow into one another, they become Growing available soil in the direction of the next neighboring rows, at most 3 cm of lifting roots. Since the roots are in the same position in the next, neighboring row, at least 6 - 8 cm soil remains empty and unused, without the roots of the plants penetrating here and the plant nutrients available here not being able to be used.

In summary, it can thus be stated that the rooting of the seeders applied with known seeders Plant crops only pull through about 50% of the available sowing area and only obtain and utilize the necessary nutrients from this soil. However, this is equally disadvantageous from the point of view of the use of seed soil and the habitat of the individual plants.

In order to alleviate the above disadvantages, those seed discharge pieces were developed in which at the lower end of the seed guide pocket a flat-foot hoe, which penetrates the soil during sowing and lifts it in a vault-like manner, is attached to the seed outlet of the pocket or an insert for seed deflection. The seeds that trickle down into the seed guide bag fall onto the insert and - distracted from the insert - reach the soil. Such a solution is described, for example, in the Soviet authorship certificates No. 812.210, 541.457 and 871.755 and in German Patent No. 3,207,611. These known solutions differ primarily in the arrangement and shape of the insert. The purpose of these known solutions is to spread the seeds evenly over the surface in a width given by the flat hoe or the seed discharge piece, so that they reach the ground stochastically scattered without any further ordering. In order to achieve this goal, different solutions for the insert piece suggest differently curved and curved, but possibly a flat work surface.

In the tests carried out with the known solutions mentioned above, it has been found that even with seeds which are allowed to enter the soil stochastically, optimal development of the individual plants cannot be made possible. The irregularly arranged single sticks are - similar to the experience struggles in conventional row sowing - an obstacle to becoming bushy, and the closely spaced plants that are surrounded on all sides shade each other, reducing the photosynthetic surface and changing the microclimate of the plants. All of this is burdened with the damage caused by plant hygiene.

The problem to be solved by the invention is now to create, by avoiding or eliminating the disadvantages of the known solutions, such a seed discharge piece for seeders in which the necessary and sufficient living space for the plants, and better plant hygiene living conditions are made possible; thereby ensuring such advantageous conditions for the different plant species, each with adaptation to the different properties of the plants in question is ensured.

Our invention is based on the knowledge that the rather complicated task can be found as a simple solution if the seed grains are brought into the soil relatively evenly or used.

The port development according to the invention therefore consists in the fact that the insert which deflects the seed grains - starting from the seed discharge of the seed guide pocket - with widening and inclined backwards

Is provided. The essence of this solution is that it allows the seeds to be almost perfectly distributed and placed in the ground, this device can be used with the existing seed drills without difficulty, and it does not require any changes or serious assembly work. An embodiment is expedient in which baffles for the seeds are provided at the upper ends of the seed guide channels in the insert.

The insert itself is easiest to manufacture from fan-shaped pressed sheet metal. The insert can also be made of plastic; it can also be used as a casting e.g. generate from metal.

In order to ensure the possibility of exchange, and in this way to be able to better adapt to the different requirements of the different seed types, it is expedient if the insert piece on the seed discharge piece of the seed drill is provided with a detachable connection and it is attached in such a way that it is easy and enables quick replacement.

In order to process the seed bed more completely, it is expedient if at least one disk is rotatably attached to the edge of the seed discharge piece.

The further details of the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings enclosed as exemplary embodiments as follows. It shows:

Fig. 1: The sketches of an exemplary seed discharge piece according to the invention, side view;

Fig. 2: section along the line II - II in Fig. 1; and FIG. 3: rear view of a detail of the seed discharge piece in FIG. 1.

The seed discharge piece according to the invention is in the conventional manner on the rake bar of the seeder and on its seed tubes, or by mediation on the seed elements connected, so that the details of this connection are not shown in the drawings of the - apart from the holes 1 and 2 used for fastening the seed discharge piece - for the sake of simplicity.

This connection can also be solved differently for seed drills of other systems.

In this case, the seed discharge piece is designed as a sara guide pocket 3, which can be produced most simply from a pressed sheet by welding. An edge 4 of the pocket 3 - which is also the edge of the seed discharge piece - should be made to be wear-resistant. The upper end of the seed guide bag 3 is e.g. connected to a cellar device via a slurry pipe or a funnel. The lower end of the seed guide pocket 3 opposite this is with a

Flat-foot hoe 5, which starts from the edge 4, moreover from the part of the seed discharge piece which is conventionally curved to the rear. As can be seen clearly in the top view in FIG. 2, the flat-foot hoe 5 has wings that widen to the rear.

In Fig. 1 it was drawn in with a penetration line 6 that the upper part of the flat-foot hoe 5 starting from the edge 4 also rises towards the rear, while its lower edge 7 is straight. The flat foot hoe 5 is open at the bottom, as can also be clearly seen in FIG. 3. The flat foot hoe 5 is thus designed as a bulge which widens towards the rear and widens and is open at the bottom and serves to raise the ground during sowing.

There is an insert inside the seed guide pocket 3 Piece 8 attached, which has the task of evenly spreading the seeds. Above the insert 8 3 baffles 9 are attached in the bag, which feed the seed to the insert 8.

According to the invention, the seed discharge bowl 3 can also be provided with disks 10, which, however, are only necessary in the presence of special circumstances (strong stem remnants, increased rate of progress). These disks 10 are arranged in a conventional manner on the cutting edge 4 of the seed auatras piece and are rotatably supported.

The details of the insert 8 can be seen in Fig. 3. This is provided with seminiferous ducts 11 starting from the lower end of the baffles 9, which diverge and are inclined towards the rear. In the present case, the seminiferous ducts 11 are guided at the same distance from one another, and their ends come to lie somewhat higher than the lower edge 7; furthermore, they in no way protrude beyond the lower edge 7.

Fig. 3 shows an expedient embodiment, in which the insert 8 resembles a not fully opened compartment. The easiest way to do this is to use a pressed metal sheet in this shape.

The operation of the seed discharge piece according to the invention is as follows:

The seed discharge piece is mounted with the holes 1 and 2 on a seed drill of any type (for example on the seed drill commercially available under the type brand "Lajta 32" or "TH 6200") and its upper end - for example via the seed feed pipe - connected to the sowing element. The connecting elements and the adjusting devices remain unchanged. The seed now flows from the seed hopper over the seed tongue and through the sowing element into the seed guide tube and then passes from there into the seed guide pocket 3 according to the invention. From there the seeds are deflected with the baffles 9 onto the insert 8. There, the seeds slide downward in the seed guide channels 11, which are inclined to the rear, and thus - guided - reach the ground. In the meantime, the soil is opened in a wedge-like manner from the lower edge 7 of the seed discharge piece penetrating the soil, while the flat hoe 5 located at the lower end of the jam guide pocket 3 raises the soil in a vault-like manner by the wing that widens towards the rear. The seeds then fall out of the Saraenleitkanäle 11 at the appropriate depth under the flat pickaxe 5 in the arched developed soil at its rear end. As the Saraen discharge piece continues to advance, the bulging soil collapses again and thus covers the sowing used in the right place and at the necessary depth.

As can be seen particularly in FIG. 3, the seeds reach the ground in a precisely guided manner, since after leaving the seed guide channel 11 they cover a maximum of a few millimeters in free fall. The distance "a" of the seminal canals 11 to one another, however, determines exactly the distance at which the seeds and the plant plants which sprout from them will stand and thrive.

Assuming the wheat given as an example in the introduction to the description and the relevant numerical data, this means the following: If the distance "a" is chosen to be 3.8 cm, then the seeds that get into the ground will change according to the results of our tests - just at the optimal distance from each other. Perpendicular to the direction of travel of the seed discharge pieces, however, the distance to the neighboring seed rows does not become 12-15.4 cm

- as with conventional seed models - but only the desired width of 3.8 cm.

But since the different types of plants also require different stems or wax spacings, it is also expedient to simplify the service to make the insert 8 easier to replace. The seed discharge pieces according to the invention can be switched over on the seeders equipped with such parts with a single hand movement if one wishes to sow another type of plant. The litter insert 8 is simply removed and another is used in its place.

If the seed discharge piece according to the invention is also provided with disks 10, the driving speed of the seeder can be increased, since the disks 10 open the ground before the seed discharge piece. In this case, a smaller resistance already arises at the flat-foot heel 5.

The important advantage of the seed discharge piece according to the invention is evident when used in practice in that the insert piece 8 prevents the so frequently occurring blockage of the seed grain outlet from the seed guide pocket 3. In vain, the operator of the seeder leaves the seed discharge pieces on the field soil when they are at a standstill: the insert piece 8 prevents the soil from penetrating into the interior of the seed sowing piece. It goes without saying that the insert 8, if appropriate also from a plastic of appropriate wear and strength properties, for example also from polyethylene with a high molecular weight, can be produced by injection molding. The tests carried out with the seed discharge piece according to the invention have proven that the use of such seeders which have been equipped with the Sarae discharge pieces according to the invention on a trial basis could be completely achieved. This means that the intended cultivation and sowing country is fully exploited and the photosynthetic total surface of the vegetation grows. The frequent changes in climatic conditions that occur with conventional sowing soil orders do not occur, which result in the spread of fungal diseases and other plant damage. On the other hand, the number of plant sticks is increased here.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. Seed discharge piece for sowing machines, which is connected to a sowing element of a seeder and is provided with such a seed guide pocket, in which the upper end connects to the sowing element, but the lower end is provided with a flat-foot hoe that penetrates into the ground and lifts it in a vault-like manner , characterized thereby that a seed-deflecting insert (8) is attached to the seed outlet of the seed guide pocket (3), which - starting from the seed outlet of the seed guide pocket (3) - is provided with diverging, inclined, sward guide channels (11) .

2. Seed discharge piece according to claim 1, characterized in that in the seed guide pocket (3

Baffles (9) for guiding the seeds in the guide pocket (3) are arranged on the upper end of the seed guide channels of the insert (8).

3. Seed discharge piece according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the insert piece (8) has a fan-like shape, which is preferably made of sheet metal by pressing.

4. Seed discharge piece according to one of claims 1 to

3, characterized by the fact that the insert (8) is made of plastic, preferably of high polyethylene

Molecular weight is made by injection molding.

5. Seed discharge piece according to one of claims 1 to

4, characterized in that the insert (8) is made as a metal casting.

6. Seed discharge piece according to one of claims 1 to

5, characterized by the fact that the insert (8) is attached to the seed discharge piece with a detachable connection.

7. Saraenaustragstück according to any one of claims 1 to

6, characterized in that at least one disc (10) is rotatably mounted in the region of the edge (4) of the seed discharge piece and is provided with a cutting edge.