Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
  • B01D45/12—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
  • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
  • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
  • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
  • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
  • B04C5/08—Vortex chamber constructions
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
  • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
  • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
  • B04C5/12—Construction of the overflow ducting, e.g. diffusing or spiral exits
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
  • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
  • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
  • B04C5/12—Construction of the overflow ducting, e.g. diffusing or spiral exits
  • B04C5/13—Construction of the overflow ducting, e.g. diffusing or spiral exits formed as a vortex finder and extending into the vortex chamber; Discharge from vortex finder otherwise than at the top of the cyclone; Devices for controlling the overflow
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
  • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
  • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
  • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
  • F23J15/027—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using cyclone separators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
  • F27D1/04—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used

Definitions

• This invention relates to a pipe for use in systems which wor with hot gases, i.e., for example, as the centre-pipe in a cyclone for the cleaning of hot gas ⁇ es or the reaction chamber in a fluid-bed installa ⁇ tion.
• a cyclone For the separation of particles from currents of air, the use is known, for example, of one or more cyclo ⁇ nes.
• a cyclone consists of an upper, cylindrical part and a lower conical part.
• the air flow is introduced tangentially at the head of the cylindrical part, and continues in a downwardly-directed spiral movement. This is the so-called primary vortex, which continues down towards the nose of the conical part. From here, an upwardly-directed spiral movement emanates, namely the so-called secondary vortex.
• the particles in the air current are influenced by strong centrifugal forces, whereby they are forced outwards towards the wall of the cyclone. From here they fall downwards towards the nose and are collected in a large con ⁇ tainer, said container either being changed at suit ⁇ able intervals or continuously emptied through a sluice.
• a centre-pipe for a cyclone for the cleaning of discharge gases from a rotary kiln 5 can, for example, have a diameter of 2-3 metres and a length of 1-2 metres.
• Fluid-bed systems are installations in which the par ⁇ ticle-formed material is held floating in an upwardly 0 -directed flow of air. Such installations are used, for example, in the burning of lime and for other applications where it is desired to expose such mater ⁇ ials to high temperatures, the reason being that when the material is held in a floating state, it has a 5 very great effective surface.
• the object of the invention is to present a pipe which can tolerate even very much higher temperatures
• Fireproof materials can withstand the high tempera ⁇ tures without difficulty, and thus by producing the pipe of fireproof material, the resulting pipe can be used for the cleaning of very hot gases.
• the fact that the pipe is self-supporting means that it can be used in many places, the reason being that the use of foundations and the like is not necessary. More ⁇ over, what is involved is not a lining but an inde ⁇ pendent pipe.
• the pipe is comprised of a large number of elements, the result achieved is that it is not only simple to produce and transport, but also to erect.
• To produce a pipe of the dimensions mentioned earlier of ceramic material and in one piece is extremely difficult.
• By constructing the centre- pipe of individual elements of a suitable size there is thus achieved a considerable reduction in the cost of a ceramic, fireproof pipe.
• the up ⁇ per end of the pipe prefferably has end elements which are arranged to support the whole of the pipe as a down ⁇ wardly hanging part.
• end elements which are arranged to support the whole of the pipe as a down ⁇ wardly hanging part.
• the pipe is made up of outer and inner elements which lie in bonded connec- tion, a very strong pipe is achieved where even the individual elements can break or be removed without the construction collapsing.
• the elements have a C-shaped cross-section, said elements are easily as-muld to produce a pipe in accordance with the in ⁇ vention.
• the elements are provid ⁇ ed with an inclined surface, the result is that the individual elements can be locked together to form a solid construction.
• OMPI also be characterized by providing both ends of each projection with a raised edge part, the length of which is substantially 1/4 of the length of the ele ⁇ ment.
• a pipe according to the in- vention can be characterized by providing the lower edge of the upper end elements with a projection which corresponds to the projections on the inner and outer elements.
• a simple assembly of the pipe is thus achieved, in that the outer elements can be hooked directly on the upper end elements.
• the pipe is provided with an advantageous form from the point of view of flow, which is of particul- ar significance when the pipe is used as the centre -pipe in a cyclone.
• ⁇ ATiO ⁇ mortar also ensures that the elements are held sec ⁇ urely in engagement with one another.
• a layer of ceramic felt to be provided on the outside of theupper end elem ⁇ ents, in that this layer will serve to absorb possi ⁇ ble deformations of the pipe due to thermal expan ⁇ sion.
• fig. 1 shows a vertical section through a cyclone which uses a pipe according to the inven- tion as the centre-pipe,
• fig. 2 shows the centre-pipe from the cyclone in fig. 1, seen on a larger scale
• fig. 3 shows a vertical section through an outer element according to the invention
• fig. 4 shows a vertical section through an end element according to the invention
• fig. 5 shows a vertical section through a lower end element
• fig. 6 shows an outer element according to the invention, seen from the inner side, and
• fig. 7 shows a pipe according to the invention under construction.
• OMPI In fig. 1 is shown a cyclone having a cylindrical part 3 and a conical part 4, where it is expedient for both of these parts to be made of metal.
• the air or gas to be cleaned is introduced radially through an injection opening 6, and thus a primary and a sec ⁇ ondary vortex will arise in the cyclone chamber 15. Particles in the gas will accumulate at the outlet 5 which can be provided with a sluice, and from where they can be removed in a known manner.
• the cleaned gas will leave the cyclone through the centre-pipe 1, which according to the invention is made of a ceram ⁇ ic and fireproof material which is capable of with ⁇ standing the very high temperatures which arise in the production of, for example, burned lime or cem- ent.
• the centre-pipe is shown in more detail in fig. 2.
• the centre-pipe 1 consists of upper end elements 2, outer elements 7, inner elements 8 and lower end el- e ents 14. All of these elements are hooked together in a self-supporting construction.
• the fireproof el ⁇ ements have, in fact, such a great mechanical stren ⁇ gth that it is possible to suspend the whole of the centre-pipe from the upper end elements 2.
• These are provided with grooves in which the anchoring devices 13 can be engaged.
• the anchoring devices 13 are moun ⁇ ted on a steel construction 16 which supports the whole cyclone, but it is equally possible to secure the end elements 2 to the cyclone itself.
• the outer elements 7 and the inner elements 8 are arcuate in shape, thus when placed together they form a cylindrical pipe. Both the inner as well as the outer elements 7, 8 have a C-shaped cross-section
• the elements 7, 8 can be hooked together in bonded connection to form a sur ⁇ face with a minimum of joint space. It can be exped- lent for the elements to be displaced in relation to each other in their longitudinal direction. Each el ⁇ ement will thus be suspended in two elements hanging above it, and will itself support two elements hang ⁇ ing below it, the result being that each element will be in connection with four surrounding elements.
• the construction thus achieved is very solid, even though the centre-pipe is built up of elements. Should some of the individual elements break or lose their sup ⁇ porting ability, the centre-pipe will nevertheless remain hanging together.
• lower end elements 14 are mount ⁇ ed. It is important that the lower edge of the centre
• OMPI ⁇ PO -pipe 1 has an even surface, the reason being that it is desirable to have as much control as possible over the flow in the cyclone.
• the shape of the lower end elements 14 is the same as that of the upper half of the inner elements 8, but many other shapes are pos ⁇ sible.
• the space between the individual elements can be filled with mortar, said mortar being of a suitably alkali-resistant type. This will naturally also increase the strength of the centre-pipe 1. Sim ⁇ ilarly, it is envisioned that the mortar used will be of a kind which is capable of withstanding the high temperatures which will arise.
• the projections are provided with an inclined surf- ace 10, 10'.
• the effect of this surface is that the elements are held securely together, the reason being that the elements lock together when being assembled.
• the projections 9, 9' are also provided with a raised edge portion 18, 18', the length of which is 1/4 of the total length of the element 7. By means of these raised edge portions 18, 18 ' , a similar locking effect is achieved in the ele ⁇ ments' longitudinal direction. When the centre-pipe 1 is correctly assembled, it will therefore be very strong.
• the outer element 7 shown in- fig. 3 is identical to the inner elements 8.
• the upper end element 2, which is seen in fig. 4, is pro- vided with a groove 12 which engages with an anchor ⁇ ing device.
• the elements 2 are also provided with a projection 11 which, in shape and size, corresponds to the projections on the remaining elements.
• the lower end element 14 shown in fig. 5 has a pro ⁇ jection 17 which similarly corresponds to the pro ⁇ jections on the remaining elements.
• the shape of this element is the same as that of a half-part of one of the remaining elements.
• the individual elements are capable of being provid- ed with many different forms.
• the embodiment shown in the drawing is merely an example which, in many cas ⁇ es, it will be expedient to follow.
• the centre-pipe according to the invention can, of course, be formed in the most expedient manner.
• centre-pipe accord ⁇ ing to the invention can be used in all places where it is desired to remove particles from hot gases, and not only with rotary ovens for the manufacture of cement.
• the centre-pipe can, for example, be made of the moulding material D 52 A, which is manufactured by Hasle Klinker- og Chamottestensfabrik A/S, but it is naturally also possible to use any other material which can be moulded and is capable of withstanding the thermal loads.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Cyclones (AREA)
• Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=8109755

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (6)

Families Citing this family (13)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 1983
  • 1983-05-09 DK DK205583A patent/DK205583A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1984
  • 1984-04-12 DE DE3490239A patent/DE3490239C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1984-04-12 US US06/888,634 patent/US4651783A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1984-04-12 EP EP84901580A patent/EP0143803A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1984-04-12 WO PCT/DK1984/000029 patent/WO1984004471A1/en active Application Filing
  • 1984-04-12 DE DE19843490239 patent/DE3490239T/de active Pending
  • 1984-04-12 GB GB08500168A patent/GB2149876B/en not_active Expired
  • 1984-04-30 GR GR74549A patent/GR79967B/el unknown
  • 1984-05-08 ES ES532285A patent/ES532285A0/es active Granted

Patent Citations (4)

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