WO1982000040A1

WO1982000040A1 - Insulation for protection against fire comprising a granular mass of which the structure changes endothermally when a maximum temperature allowed is reached

Info

Publication number: WO1982000040A1
Application number: PCT/DE1981/000094
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hartmann Glasfaser Gruenzweig
Original assignee: Gilbert A; Steinkopf B; Kummermehr H
Priority date: 1980-06-24
Filing date: 1981-06-23
Publication date: 1982-01-07
Also published as: DE3023632C2; JPS57500989A; DK80782A; EP0054560A1; EP0054560B1; NO820498L; DE3169020D1; EP0054560B2; DE3023632A1

Abstract

The insulating material for the protection against fire comprising a granular mass of which the structure changes endothermally when a maximum temperature allowed is reached, is used in fire doors and in security cabinets intended to preserve heat sensitive objects. The granular mass is wrapped into a carrier body of porous material having good wetting characteristics in comparison with the granular mass when the latter is in a melting state. The granular mass may be advantageously formed of granular mineral fibers but also with a sucking filler material, preferably mixed with mineral fibers. The granular mass is appropriately distributed in the carrier body distributed in the carrier body so as to obtain a predetermined temperature gradient. Sealing walls may also be provided in the space occupied by the insulation for fire protection. This protection insulation may be covered on all its faces with a steam barrier comprised of a metal sheet, a synthetic sheet or a sheet made of a combination of metal and synthetic material. In the case where the steam proof barrier is formed by a metal sheet (16, 17), the latter may be fixed by adhesion on the product formed by the granular mass and the carrier body (13) by means of a cold-hardenable soluble glass (14, 15).

Description

FIRE PROTECTION INSULATION WITH A CORE STORAGE MEASUREMENT THAT CHANGES THEIR FABRIC BEFORE REACHING A "PERMISSIBLE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE ENDOTHERM.

The invention relates to fire protection insulation.

Fire protection insulation is to be understood as equipment that limits the heat transfer in steel fire protection doors. Until now, such fire protection insulation consisted only of inserts made of mineral fiber boards. The term, designation, requirements and tests are set out in DIN 18 089, draft from February 1981.

Another area of application for fire protection insulation is fire-safe cabinets for storing temperature and moisture sensitive objects, such as magnetic tapes, films, index cards or the like.

From US-PS 35 59 594 a fire-safe cabinet has become known, the walls of which consist of an outer thick concrete layer, an insulating layer made of urethane foam and an inner wall of sodium acetate trihydrate. The sodium acetate trihydrate used for the innermost wall is a substance that is referred to as core storage mass and, when exposed to heat, its structure endothermic, i. H. changes under heat absorption. As a result of this structural change, the temperature in the interior of the cabinet or generally on the side of a wall designed in this way, which is turned away from the location of the fire, is limited in time to a certain height. However, urethane foam is flammable and the sodium acetate trihydrate used as the core storage mass develops flammable gases when exposed to heat through chemical decomposition.

From DE-AS 24 13 644 a fire-safe cabinet has become known, in which a better efficiency is achieved with regard to securing the contents of the cabinet by using a purely inorganic, non-combustible salt with a high crystal water content, such as sodium metasilicate hydrate, as the core storage mass with 5, preferably 9 H ₂ O is used. The use of sodium metasilicate hydrate not only avoids the development of flammable gases when exposed to heat, but because of its proportionately higher water content also provides a significantly higher thermal capacity of the core storage mass than the acetate compound. Another purely inorganic, non-flammable salt that can be used equally as a core storage mass with high heat capacity is, for example, Glauber's salt, ie sodium sulfate decahydrate.

With such a core storage mass, the heat exposure continues, then it melts at a certain temperature while absorbing heat in its own crystal water, e.g. B. sodium metasilicate hydrate at about 48 ° C. The melt sinks down and there are free spaces in the upper areas of the fire protection walls, doors or similar locking devices, i.e. there are free spaces for heat transfer and heat transfer.

The object of the invention is to accommodate the core storage mass in the space intended for it in such a way that the risk of the core storage mass melting under continuous exposure to heat being eliminated is largely eliminated and therefore no free spaces dangerous for heat transfer or passage can occur in corresponding areas of the fire protection insulation . Furthermore, the thickness dimension of fire protection doors in particular should be reduced compared to a conventional mineral fiber panel.

This object is achieved according to the feature of the main claim in that the core storage mass is embedded in an open-pore support structure made of a material with good wettability compared to the core storage mass in the molten state. The supporting structure prevents an immediate and unimpeded drainage of the core storage mass, which has become liquid due to the application of heat, following gravity.

When choosing the scaffolding material, care must be taken to ensure that the surfaces of the scaffolding material have as high an affinity as possible for the molten core storage mass. The support structure can consist, for example, of preferably granulated mineral wool. Also, a bed of an absorbent filler, optionally in admixture with mineral wool, flour as in ^¬ play-grained to powdered diatomaceous earth, pumice stone or granular, ground perlite, may be used as scaffold

Are used, preference being given to a granular structure of this filler. The core storage mass is advantageously distributed differently in the support structure in accordance with the temperature profile to be expected under the influence of heat, so that where the highest temperatures are to be expected, the highest

Concentration of core storage mass is present in the scaffolding.

In a further development of the invention, bulkhead-like internals can be provided in a room to be set with the fire protection insulation according to the invention, which have the effect that these cannot sink as a whole, particularly when subjected to strong impacts. Such impacts can occur in the event of fire when building parts collapse and therefore z. B. fireproof cabinets also checked accordingly.

The core storage mass supported by a supporting structure can be used as such, but also as a shaped body or plate. The structure of the support structure and core storage mass is expediently covered on all sides with a vapor barrier, which can consist of a metal, plastic or a combined metal-plastic film. The use of a vapor barrier also means that the walls of cupboards or doors, which are generally made of steel, cannot be damaged because undesirable chemical interactions between the wall and the core storage mass used are excluded. When using a metal foil as a vapor barrier, it is expedient to attach the metal foil to the structure of the core storage mass and the supporting structure by means of a cold-curing water glass adhesive. It can be a water-glass-based coating composition known per se. Such a coating composition has the further advantage that it is foamed at a higher temperature formation inflates and thereby increases the insulating effect and the evaporation heat Ver ^¬ swallows.

Stainless steel, copper or aluminum can be used as the material for the metal foil. As a plastic, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene or the like. proven useful.

When using an aluminum foil as a vapor barrier, an organic adhesive, for example an epoxy resin adhesive, is expediently used as the adhesive. However, normal water glass adhesives with a high solids content and higher consistency are more advantageous, or the use of a fire protection coating composition which foams is particularly expedient. The core storage mass is influenced when using water glass adhesives, but only in extremely thin surface layers.

In the simplest case, the fire protection insulation according to the invention is produced by mixing granular to powdery core storage mass with granulated mineral fiber wool, optionally with the addition or exchange of granular to powdery fillers, and introducing this mixture into the space to be filled with the core storage mass.

However, it is also possible to coat a mineral fiber mat, which may already have been filled with appropriate proportions of fillers, with granular to powdery core storage mass and to heat until the core storage mass has melted, after which the mat is allowed to cool again after the desired degree of impregnation has been reached.

Another possibility is to impregnate a mineral fiber board, optionally filled with fillers, by soaking it with molten core storage mass and then allowing it to cool. It has proven to be particularly advantageous to tear mineral wool into flakes, the flakes, if necessary, after adding fillers with a molten core Mix storage mass and compress the resulting mixture into moldings which are allowed to solidify while cooling. The flakes can also be mixed with granular to pulverulent core storage mass with the addition of heat and the pulpy mixture formed can be pressed into shaped bodies which are allowed to solidify while cooling. Another possibility is to mix the flakes with granular to powdery core storage mass and an adhesive and to shape the resulting mixture into shaped bodies. Suitable adhesives are the adhesives already listed above with regard to their properties.

If a salt with a high crystal water content is used as the core storage mass, it is advisable to use a largely, preferably completely water-free adhesive, for example an epoxy resin adhesive.

A particular advantage of the fire protection insulation according to the invention is given in particular in the case of fire protection doors in that the insulation layer thickness required in terms of fire protection can be markedly reduced in relation to the conventional mineral fiber insert.

The specified mineral wool or mineral fiber structures are those made of mineral fibers, preferably of a silicate nature.

A different degree of impregnation can also be achieved by impregnating a mineral fiber mat or plate of different density with the liquefied core storage mass from top to bottom. When installing in a closet or the like. The location at the top is chosen to be the lower mat density, so that more core storage material is absorbed there.

It is essential in the invention that the scaffold surfaces have such a high affinity for molten core storage mass that they are able to hold the core storage mass like a liquid in a sponge. So it must always be ensured that the support framework material, in particular the mineral fibers, is kept free or freed of, for example, oily substances which would prevent such wetting.

The drawing shows in

Figure 1 is a graphical representation to show the temperature profile on the side facing away from the fire of a fire protection insulation constructed only using pure mineral fibers.

Fig. 2 shows a corresponding graphical representation

Representation of the temperature profile on a fire protection insulation constructed with a core storage mass according to the invention;

Fig. 3 shows a section of a fireproof

Cupboard with fire protection insulation according to the invention;

Fig. 4 shows a partial section through a fire barrier provided with a vapor barrier for installation in a

5 shows a fire door shown in section,

In Fig. 1, the temperature on the side facing away from the fire of a fire protection door is plotted on the abscissa and the time is plotted on the ordinate. In this embodiment, the fire protection insulation consists of pure mineral fibers with a total thickness of 5 cm. It can be seen that with a constant rise in temperature after .ca. 50 minutes a temperature of over 100 ° C and after a total of 110 minutes a temperature of approx. 200 ° C is reached on the side facing away from the fire. When using fire protection insulation of the same overall thickness as in Fig. 1, but with a core storage mass and a mineral fiber board applied on one side, the temperature on the side facing away from the fire remains after reaching the specific temperature for the particular core storage mass used, for example 48 ° C or for example 85 ° C is at this temperature for about 50 minutes, as can be seen from FIG. 2, and only increases again after a total of 100 minutes of exposure to fire, until the value of 200 ° C., which does not use a core storage mass, is reached only after about 150 minutes under permanent

Temperature rise after only 110 minutes of exposure to fire is sufficient. The three different curves I, II and III shown in FIG. 2 relate to measurements

I in the upper area

II in the middle area and

III in the lower area

the fire door. It can also be seen that at the end of the holding period the temperature rise is greatest in the central region because the greatest exposure to fire is there.

When using a sodium metasilicate hydrate, the holding temperature, which is characterized by the clearly vertical curve section, is 85 ° C. When using sodium sulfate decahydrate, for example, a holding temperature at 32 ° C is given.

In the absence of a scaffolding, curve I for the upper area would result in a disproportionately rapid increase after the end of the holding temperature to the final temperature and beyond, because if the core storage mass became molten, the thermal insulation that was present even with the molten core storage mass would completely disappear. This is indicated purely schematically by the dashed line IV.

In Fig. 3 1 means the outer jacket of a fire-safe cabinet with thermal insulation according to the invention, the z. B. consists of sheet steel. 2, 3, 4 and 5 are mineral fiber boards. 6 and 7 are housing walls, between which the Kerπspeichermasse 8 is provided, which is embedded in a support structure 9, which consists of granulated mineral wool in the illustrated embodiment.

In Fig. 4 is indicated at 11 and 12 each with a phenolic resin bound mineral fiber plate of about 2 cm thick. 13 means a 1.5 cm thick layer of core storage mass supported by mineral wool (mixing ratio 1: 4), onto which an aluminum foil 16 or 17 is stuck as a vapor barrier with a thickness of 200 μ by means of a water glass adhesive layer 14 or 15. A commercially available fire protection coating composition based on water glass is preferably used as the adhesive, which expands at a higher temperature with the formation of foam and swallows heat through evaporation at approximately 100 ° C. and thus additionally contributes to thermal insulation.

FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal section shortened by the dash-dotted line pair through a fire protection door with fire protection insulation according to FIG. 4.

The fire protection door 21 sits in the door opening of the masonry of a fire-protected room 22 with a floor 23 with a lower stop 24 and a ceiling 25 with an upper stop 26. The framework of the fire protection door 21 is partially recognizable at 27 and below at 28. There are also two sheet steel shells 29, 30. In the interior of the space 31 enclosed by these sheet steel shells, thermal insulation with the structure according to FIG. 4 is provided. It can be clearly seen that the core storage mass 13 is enclosed on all sides by the adhesive 14/15 and the aluminum foil 16/17. At 32, a door closer not forming part of the invention is shown schematically and partially.

In the case of a so-called fire-resistant door that only has thermal insulation made of mineral fiber material, a thickness of 9 cm is required to achieve the required insulation values. If, on the other hand, an improved thermal insulation is used, then the same insulation values can be achieved with door thicknesses of the order of 5 cm. In any case, there are considerable technical and economic advantages when using the thermal insulation according to the invention.

Claims

P aten claims

1. Fire protection insulation with a core storage mass that changes its structure endothermically before a permissible maximum temperature is reached, due to the fact that the core storage mass is embedded in an open-pore support structure made of a material that is wettable with the core storage mass in the molten state.

2. Fire protection insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting structure consists of mineral wool.

3. Fire protection insulation according to claim 2, characterized in that the supporting structure consists of granulated mineral wool.

4. Fire protection insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting structure consists of an absorbent filler, preferably in a mixture with mineral wool.

5. Fire protection insulation according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the

Core storage mass in the scaffold is distributed differently according to the expected temperature profile.

6. Fire protection insulation according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that partition-like internals are provided in a space to be occupied with the core storage mass.

7. fire protection insulation according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the

Structures made of scaffolding and core storage mass is covered on all sides with a vapor barrier.

8. Fire protection insulation according to claim 7, characterized in that the vapor barrier consists of a metal, plastic or a combined metal-plastic film.

9. Fire protection insulation according to claim 8, characterized in that when using a metal foil as

Vapor barrier the metal foil is attached to the structure of the core storage mass and supporting structure by means of a water glass adhesive.

10. A method for producing fire protection insulation according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized is characterized in that granular to powdery core storage mass is mixed with granulated mineral fiber wool, optionally with the addition of or exchange with granular to powdery fillers and this mixture is introduced into a space to be filled with the core storage mass.

11. A method for producing fire protection insulation according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a mineral fiber mat, optionally filled with fillers, is coated with granular to powdery core storage mass and heated until the core storage mass melts, after which it is reached after the desired degree of impregnation has been reached can cool down again.

12. A method for producing fire protection insulation according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that an mineral fiber mat, optionally filled with fillers, is impregnated by impregnation with molten core storage mass and then allowed to cool.

13. A method for producing fire protection insulation according to one of claims 1, 2, 3 or 5 to 9, characterized in that mineral wool is torn into flakes, the flakes are optionally mixed with a molten core storage mass after addition of fillers and the resulting mixture is pressed into shaped bodies which is allowed to solidify under cooling.

14. A method for producing fire protection insulation according to one or more of claims 1, 2, 3 or 5 to 9, characterized in that mineral wool is torn into flakes, the flakes are mixed with granular to powdery core storage mass with the addition of heat and the resulting pulp Mixture is pressed into moldings, which is allowed to solidify under cooling.

15. A method for producing fire protection insulation according to one or more of claims 1, 2, 3 or 5 to 9, characterized in that mineral wool is torn into flakes, the flakes are mixed with granular to powdery core storage mass and an adhesive and the resulting mixture Shaped bodies is designed.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that a largely, preferably completely anhydrous, adhesive is used when using a salt with a high crystal water content as the core storage mass.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that an epoxy resin adhesive is used.